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'Fanon': Genre Devices in Contemporary Fanfiction A CANON VS. ‘FANON’: GENRE DEVICES IN CONTEMPORARY FANFICTION A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English By Katharine E. McCain, B.A. Washington, DC March 18, 2015 Copyright 2015 by Katharine E. McCain All RiGhts Reserved ii CANON VS. ‘FANON’: GENRE DEVICES IN CONTEMPORARY FANFICTION Katharine E. McCain, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Caetlin Benson-Allott, PhD ABSTRACT Fanfiction is a Genre of literature that scholars can trace all the way back to ancient Greece and thus it has Garnered a multitude of definitions over the years. The purpose of this project is to move beyond the description of, “Stories based off of another author’s work” and to instead examine the ways in which contemporary fanfiction differs from other types of transformative texts, as well as to highlight how it has changed since its move into online archives. In this thesis I arGue that contemporary fanfiction is a highly communal Genre that uses other authors’ works as a starting point, but the stories fans then produce are unique in the narrative elements they emphasize, the lanGuaGe the stories are written in, and the mediums throuGh which the readers consume them. In order to demonstrate this, I examine numerous fics from four different fandoms in order to establish five characteristics of the genre: shared knowledge, lanGuaGe, medium, “bad” writinG, and the inclusion of critical analysis. I then end with a case study of Fifty Shades of Grey, using this work’s unique move from fic to mainstream novel in order to highlight how fic is its own style of writing, one seeped in both complexity and contradiction. iii This thesis is dedicated to my online friends: writers of fic, makers of vids, GIF creators, meta developers, the fan artists, the cosplayers, and all of the consumers who make the work worthwhile. I would like to thank my thesis committee: Professor Caetlin Benson-Allott and Professor Michael Macovski. Your advice, corrections, and overall support have been invaluable to this project. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and peers. Our discussions in the grad lounge proved nearly as informative as the research itself. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS An Ad For Fanfiction .............................................................................................................................. vii. A Brief, Personal Timeline ................................................................................................................ viii. Introduction Wibbly Wobbly, Timey Wimey Fic .................................................................................................... 1. Chapter 1. Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations Shared KnowledGe AmonG Fic Authors ......................................................................................... 15. A Million Heads are Better Than One ............................................................................................. 18. Bobby on Set ............................................................................................................................................. 23. Anyelle: Any Bobby + Belle ................................................................................................................. 24. Queen of the Communal: Bad-Faery Fanfiction ......................................................................... 26. The Road So Far ....................................................................................................................................... 31. Chapter 2. Spell It Out For Me LanGuaGe and Interactive Media ...................................................................................................... 32. Accessibility, Speed, and BiG-Ass Rec Lists .................................................................................. 33. The Look of Fic ......................................................................................................................................... 38. Speaking Klingon and Sindarian ...................................................................................................... 42. Frankenwords: The Portmanteau ................................................................................................... 45. SmooshinG It ToGether ......................................................................................................................... 48. I’m Bored, Entertain Me ....................................................................................................................... 52. Fanon or Canon? ...................................................................................................................................... 54. The Road So Far ....................................................................................................................................... 57. Chapter 3. RedeeminG Qualities “Bad” Writing in Fanfiction ................................................................................................................. 59. What’s So Bad About It? ....................................................................................................................... 59. Repetition, Repetition ........................................................................................................................... 62. Mary and Gary Stu .................................................................................................................................. 66. The Road so Far ....................................................................................................................................... 72. Chapter 4. A Different Kind of Crossover The Creative and the Critical ............................................................................................................. 74. Keep Your Training Wheels On ......................................................................................................... 75. Fans on Fandom ...................................................................................................................................... 80. Where No Fan Has Gone Before ....................................................................................................... 87. The Road so Far ....................................................................................................................................... 93. v Chapter 5. Shades of Fanfiction The Fifty Shades Phenomenon .......................................................................................................... 95. A Brief History of Fifty Shades .............................................................................................................. 95. Hand It Over: Gift Culture and PlaGiarism in Fandom ............................................................ 96. Fifty Shades of Abuse ......................................................................................................................... 101. A Fifty Shades Case Study ................................................................................................................ 102. The End of the Road ............................................................................................................................ 111. Five Favorite ThinGs About Fic ...................................................................................................... 114. Old Spice Commercial Parody ........................................................................................................ 115. Appendix: A Fan Studies Lexicon .................................................................................................. 116. Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 133. vi An Ad For Fanfiction Please use fan fiction responsibly. Do not read while operating heavy machinery. Side effects for fanfiction include: difficulty distinguishing fanon from canon, spontaneous smushing of names, inability to read fluff in public without making goofy faces, death of feels, and it’s a gateway to further fannish involvement. Ask your doctor if you are already taking fanvids or meta. Not suitable for those prone to shipwars (Casey08, Kristine). vii A Brief, Personal Timeline 1990 Born; September 7th 1996-1998 Consumed a Great number of books, manGa, and anime. 1999 Discovered fanfiction for the first time on a desktop, Dell computer: Yu Yu Hakusho, Kuwabara/Yukina rom coms and H/C fics. Late in 1999 Discovered slash: Yu Yu Hakusho, a Hiei/Kurama PWP - “Seven Minutes in Heaven” by Mina Lightstar, art by Morgan D. Printed it, hid it in a puzzle box, showed it to my friends. We started composinG stories of our own soon after. 2000-2003 Consumed a Great number of books, manGa, anime, and fanfiction. 2005 Wrote “Confessions of a Sentimental GunslinGer” for a class assiGnment, a fifteen-stanza poem based off of Stephen KinG’s The Dark Tower series. Began to wonder if this was a type of fanfiction. 2010 Started seriously writinG fic, beGinninG with “Dream a Little Dream of Me,” an Original Series Star Trek Kirk/Spock pre-slash. It was about as well written as one would expect (which is to say, not well written at all). 2012 Published a poem, “I Walk a Path of Cyclicality” in Sherlock’s Home: The Empty House, makinG my first published piece (arguably) a work of fanfiction. This
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