Intonation in Quechua: Questions and Analysis
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Secondary Stress Is Left Edge Marking Quentin Dabouis, Jean-Michel Fournier, Isabelle Girard
Ternarity is not an issue: Secondary stress is left edge marking Quentin Dabouis, Jean-Michel Fournier, Isabelle Girard To cite this version: Quentin Dabouis, Jean-Michel Fournier, Isabelle Girard. Ternarity is not an issue: Secondary stress is left edge marking. 4ème rencontre du GDRI PTA (Phonological Theory Agora), May 2017, Manch- ester, United Kingdom. halshs-02083607 HAL Id: halshs-02083607 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02083607 Submitted on 29 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MFM25 Fringe Meeting – PTA Dataset Workshop 24th May 2017, Manchester Suffixal derivatives from free bases, which preserve the stress of their base (see Collie (2007); Dabouis (2016); Hammond (1989); Kiparsky (1979)); e.g. original TERNARITY IS NOT AN ISSUE: SECONDARY STRESS IS LEFT EDGE MARKING > orìginá lity Compounds; e.g. brigadier-general, gender-specific, lady-in-waiting Quentin Dabouis1,2, Jean-Michel Fournier1,2 and Isabelle Girard1,3 ̀ ̀ ́ ̀ ́ ̀ ́ 1Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique (UMR 7270) Neoclassical compounds, whose constituents are stress-invariant (Fournier 2010; 2Université de Tours – 3Université du Littoral-Côte d’Opale Guierre 1979); e.g. à goraphó bic, larỳ ngoló gical, ò rthochromá tic Another group of words was left out because they can be related to another form in English, Claim: Secondary stress is only marginally determined by segmental parameters and mainly although they may not be morphologically derived from it (e.g. -
Non-Uniformity in English Secondary Stress: the Role of Ranked and Lexically Specific Constraints* Joe Pater University of Alberta and University of Massachusetts
Phonology 17 (2000) 237–274. Printed in the United Kingdom # 2000 Cambridge University Press Non-uniformity in English secondary stress: the role of ranked and lexically specific constraints* Joe Pater University of Alberta and University of Massachusetts 0 Introduction The principles determining secondary stress placement in English display considerable - (Prince 1993) in their application. While in some contexts a syllable will be stressed if it is heavy, or if it is stressed in the stem of a derived form, in other environments syllable weight and stem stress do not entail secondary stress. To take a relatively straight- forward case, the primary stress of the stems in (1a) is preserved as a secondary stress in the derived forms (cf. monomorphemic TaZ tamagoT uchi with initial stress), but stress preservation systematically fails in words like (1b). Here we have phonologically conditioned non-uniformity; stress preservation on light syllables is blocked in the environment of a following primary stress. (1) a. accre! dit accre' dita! tion b. phone! tic pho' netı!cian ima! gine ima' gina! tion cosme! tic co' smetı!cian orı!ginal orı' gina! lity patho! logy pa' tholo! gical medı!cinal medı' cina! lity tele! pathy te' lepa! thic divı!sible divı' sibı!lity phila! tely phı' late! lic pheno! menon pheno' meno! logy dia! meter dı' ame! tric * Thanks to Eric Bakovic! , Bruce Derwing, Laura Downing, Elan Dresher, Edward Flemming, Heather Goad, Kevin Hynna, Bill Idsardi, Rene! Kager, Greg Lamon- tagne, John McCarthy, Armin Mester, Alan Prince, Doug Pulleyblank, Su Urbanczyk, Wolf Wikeley and the participants in classes at Rutgers University, University of British Columbia, University of Alberta and University of Massa- chusetts, Amherst for help and discussion. -
The Pronunciation of Vowels with Secondary Stress in English Quentin Dabouis
The pronunciation of vowels with secondary stress in English Quentin Dabouis To cite this version: Quentin Dabouis. The pronunciation of vowels with secondary stress in English. CORELA - COgni- tion, REprésentation, LAngage, CERLICO-Cercle Linguistique du Centre et de l’Ouest (France), In press, pp.16 - 18. halshs-01924966 HAL Id: halshs-01924966 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01924966 Submitted on 18 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in Corela [Online], 16-2 | 2018, Online since 18 December 2018. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/corela/7153 The pronunciation of vowels with secondary stress in English Quentin Dabouis Université Clermont Auvergne – LRL (EA 999) RESUME Peu d’études se sont concentrées sur la prononciation des voyelles sous accent secondaire en anglais. Dans le cadre de l’approche introduite par Guierre (1979), cet article propose une étude empirique large de ces voyelles et se concentre sur trois catégories clés de mots : les mots non-dérivés, les constructions contenant un préfixe sémantiquement transparent et les dérivés suffixaux. Dans leur ensemble, les analyses précédentes fondées sur le rang, les domaines phonologiques et l’isomorphisme dérivationnel sont confirmées mais certains phénomènes mis à jour par cette étude rendent nécessaires quelques révisions des modèles existants. -
Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú Escuela De Posgrado
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ ESCUELA DE POSGRADO ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DE PATRONES ENTONACIONALES DE ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS ABSOLUTAS, PARCIALES Y REITERATIVAS EN EL ESPAÑOL LIMEÑO TESIS PARA OPTAR EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE MAGÍSTER EN LINGÜÍSTICA AUTORA Michele Marie Montauban del Solar ASESOR Dr. Héctor Hugo Gabriel Velásquez Chafloque Marzo, 2019 1 Resumen Esta tesis describe y analiza los patrones entonacionales de las oraciones interrogativas de la variedad del español limeño. Entre los distintos modelos teóricos del análisis de la entonación, destaca el modelo métrico-autosegmental de Pierrehumbert, que identifica aquellos elementos cuya combinación origina los contornos melódicos de los enunciados de una lengua. Para utilizar este modelo, se emplea el sistema de transcripción fonológica ToBI de Pierrehumbert y Beckman. Su adecuación al modelo mencionado y simplicidad han permitido su adaptación a varios idiomas, incluido el español. Existen trabajos análogos para variedades del español como el de Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Quito, Ciudad de México e, incluso, el español amazónico de Pucallpa, pero no se ha realizado uno similar para el limeño. El Atlas interactivo de la entonación del español ofrece algunos de los trabajos mencionados. Para comparar los enunciados obtenidos con los presentes en el Atlas, se utiliza la encuesta y la metodología propuestas en este. Se trabaja con ocho colaboradoras que leen enunciados interrogativos pertinentes a un contexto presentado, de la manera más espontánea posible. Posteriormente, la información se analiza en el programa Praat y se etiquetan los acentos tonales y los de frontera, así como las distintas pausas a partir del sistema de notación Sp_ToBI. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan un primer acercamiento descriptivo a los patrones de entonación de las interrogativas en español limeño. -
Phonetic Correlates of Stress & Prosodic Hierarchy in Estonian
1 PHONETIC CORRELATES OF STRESS AND THE PROSODIC HIERARCHY IN ESTONIAN MATTHEW GORDON University of California, Los Angeles This paper presents results of several experiments designed to examine some of the phonetic properties associated with stress and the prosodic hierarchy in Estonian. Peak nasal flow, amplitude and duration were measured for /n/ in initial position of four domains: the syllable, the word, the phrase and the utterance. These four prosodic positions were cross-classified by two stress levels: stressed and unstressed. To test the importance of the foot as a prosodic constituent in determining segmental durations in Estonian, two types of data were examined. First, the duration of vowels in different positions within the foot and the word were examined to test the hypothesis that feet are isochronously timed in Estonian. A second experiment tested the hypothesis that the longest type of syllable (the overlong syllable) may, under some conditions, constitute a monosyllabic foot, another manifestation of isochrony. Several results emerged from the experiments. First, data from the nasals provided phonetic evidence for the view that utterances in Estonian consist of progressively larger domains or constituents: the syllable, the word, and the phrase. Not all of these domains, however, are equally well differentiated in terms of the phonetic properties examined in this paper. Second, tentative results suggest that certain durational properties are determined by the foot, while others appear to be a function of domains larger than the foot, in particular the word. Finally, stressed syllables are differentiated from unstressed syllables along subtle and typologically unusual, but nevertheless consistent, acoustic and articulatory parameters.* 1. -
Chapter 1 Theoretical Issues
Chapter 1 Theoretical issues —… no language has a rule stressing the penultimate syllable unless it begins with a voiced consonant, in which case one stresses the antepenultimate syllable“ (Hyman 1985: 96) —(Karo) stress can be predicted by the onset of the last syllable: if it is a voiced stop consonant, then the stress shifts one syllable to the left“ (Gabas 1999: 39) 1.1 Syllable weight The notion of syllable weight is pervasive in phonology. Everywhere we look there are data that make reference to it. The idea behind syllable weight is that depending on their structure, syllables are treated in a different way; thus if a syllable contains a long vowel or - in some languages - a short vowel followed by a coda consonant, then it is heavier than one including a short vowel, i.e. VV, VC > V. The effects of this distinction are most prominently seen in stress, where in many languages heavy syllables attract stress more than light ones. Importantly, VC is heavy in some languages, e.g. Hopi, but light in others, e.g. Lenakel (see below). In Hopi (Gussenhoven and Jacobs 2005: 145), the first syllable is stressed if it is heavy (C)VV or (C)VC [(1a)], but if it is (C)V light, then the second gets stress [(1b)]1. (1) Hopi: VV/VC=heavy; V=light a. q1q .t1.som.pi ‘headbands’ soÂ9.ja ‘planting stick’ b. q1.t1. som.pi ‘headband’ ko.jo. Mo ‘turkey’ 1 In this chapter, unless stated otherwise, the acute accent marks primary stress, the grave accent means secondary stress, and underlining denotes the reduplicated portion. -
The Colon As a Separate Prosodic Category: Tonal Evidence from Paicî (Oceanic, New Caledonia)
The Colon as a Separate Prosodic Category: Tonal Evidence from Paicî (Oceanic, New Caledonia) Florian Lionnet 1. Introduction This paper presents new evidence supporting the inclusion of the colon (κ) as a separate category in the Prosodic Hierarchy, on the basis of tonal data from Paicî, an Oceanic language of New Caledonia. The colon is a constituent intermediate between the foot and the word, made of two feet, as schematized in (1) (Stowell 1979; Halle & Clements 1983: 18-19; Hammond 1987; Hayes 1995: 119; Green 1997; a.o.). (1) Prosodic Word (!) [{(σσ)F t(σσ)F t}κ]! | Colon (κ) {(σσ)F t(σσ)F t}κ | Foot (F t) (σσ)F t(σσ)F t | Syllable (σ) σσσσ | Mora (µ) Justification for the colon (κ) rests mostly on the existence of tertiary stress. As clearly summarized by Green (1997: 102), “it is clear that in order to derive four levels of stress (primary, secondary, tertiary, unstressed), four levels of structure (prosodic word, colon, foot, syllable) are called for.” Colon-based analyses have so far been proposed for a dozen languages, listed in (2) below. (2) a. Passamaquoddy (Stowell 1979; Hayes 1995: 215-216; Green 1997: 104-109), b. Tiberian Hebrew (Dresher 1981), c. Garawa (Halle & Clements 1983: 20-21; Halle & Vergnaud 1987: 43; Hayes 1995: 202), d. Hungarian (Hammond 1987; Hayes 1995: 330; Green 1997: 102-104), e. Maithili (Hayes 1995: 149-162), f. Eastern Ojibwa (Hayes 1995: 216-218; Green 1997: 109-112), g. Asheninca (Hayes 1995: 288-296; Green 1997 112-114), h. the Neo-Štokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian (Green 1997: 115-116), i. -
A Phonological and Phonetic Study of Word-Level Stress in Chickasaw
A phonological and phonetic study of word-level stress in Chickasaw Matthew Gordon University of California, Santa Barbara This paper presents results of a phonological and phonetic study of stress in Chickasaw, a Muskogean language spoken in south central Oklahoma. Three degrees of stress are differentiated acoustically, with primary stressed vowels having the highest f0 and greatest duration and intensity, unstressed vowels having the lowest f0 and shortest duration and intensity, and secondary stressed vowels displaying intermediate f0, duration, and intensity values. Vowel quality differences and segmental lenition processes also are diagnostic for stress. The location of stress is phonologically predictable, falling on word-final syllables, heavy (CVC and CVV) syllables and on the second in a sequence of light (CV) syllables. Short vowels in non-final open syllables are made heavy through a process of rhythmic vowel lengthening. Primary stress is sensitive to a further weight distinction, treating CVV as heavier than both CV and CVC. In words lacking a CVV syllable, stress falls on the final syllable. 1. Introduction Languages differ in how they realize stress acoustically. Typically, stressed syllables are associated with some combination of the following properties: heightened fundamental frequency (f0), increased loudness, greater duration, and more peripheral vowel qualities, e.g. English (Fry 1955, Beckman 1986), Russian (Bondarko et al. 1973), Polish (Jassem et al. 1968), Mari (Baitschura 1976), Indonesian (Adisasmito-Smith and Cohn 1996), Tagalog (Gonzalez 1970), Dutch (Sluijter and van Heuven 1996), Pirahã (Everett 1998). While a relatively large body of literature has been devoted to acoustic investigation of stress, there is a paucity of quantitative phonetic data on stress in American Indian languages. -
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Cristina Villari aus Verona (Italien) Berlin 2017 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Dürr 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ingrid Kummels Tag der Disputation: 18.07.2017 To Ani and Leonel III Acknowledgements I wish to thank my teachers, colleagues and friends who have provided guidance, comments and encouragement through this process. I gratefully acknowledge the support received for this project from the Stiftung Lateinamerikanische Literatur. Many thanks go to my first supervisor Prof. Michael Dürr for his constructive comments and suggestions at every stage of this work. Many of his questions led to findings presented here. I am indebted to him for his precious counsel and detailed review of my drafts. Many thanks also go to my second supervisor Prof. Ingrid Kummels. She introduced me to the world of cultural anthropology during the doctoral colloquium at the Latin American Institute at the Free University of Berlin. The feedback she and my colleagues provided was instrumental in composing the sociolinguistic part of this work. I owe enormous gratitude to Leonel Menacho López and Anita Julca de Menacho. In fact, this project would not have been possible without their invaluable advice. During these years of research they have been more than consultants; Quechua teachers, comrades, guides and friends. With Leonel I have discussed most of the examples presented in this dissertation. It is only thanks to his contributions that I was able to explain nuances of meanings and the cultural background of the different expressions presented. -
Semantic Transparency in the Lowland Quechua Morphosyntax
Semantic transparency in Lowland Ecuadorian Quechua morphosyntax1 PIETER MUYSKEN Abstract In this paper the properties of Lowland Ecuadorian Quechua, a possibly pidginized variety from this Andean indigenous language family, are eval- uated in the light of the semantic-transparency hypothesis. It is argued that the typological perspective created by looking at a wider range of languages brings some of the basic ideas developed for creole languages into focus. 1. Introduction One of Pieter Seuren’s contributions to the field of creole studies has been the idea that creoles somehow represent semantically transparent structures, as a result of their special history. Together with the late Herman Wekker, Seuren has particularly elaborated this idea in their joint 1986 paper. The dimensions of semantic transparency proposed by Seuren and Wekker (1986: 64) are uniformity, universality, and simplicity. Furthermore, Pieter Seuren has repeatedly stressed the importance of typological considerations, most recently in his Western Linguistics (1998). In this brief paper I will start to illustrate the workings of the principle of semantic transparency for the possibly pidginized Quechua of the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Ecuador, Lowland Ecuadorian Quechua (LEQ). This variety has been described by Leonardi (1966) and Mugica (1967) and is represented in texts gathered by Oberem and Hartmann (1971), but the present paper is based mostly on my own fieldwork in Arajuno (Tena province). Quechua is spoken (by more than eight million speakers) mostly in rural areas of the highlands of Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, but small pockets of speakers are also found on the slopes of the Amazon basin of Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Ecuador. -
Text Segmentation by Language Using Minimum Description Length
Text Segmentation by Language Using Minimum Description Length Hiroshi Yamaguchi Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii Graduate School of Faculty and Graduate School of Information Information Science and Technology, Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo Kyushu University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract addressed in this paper is rare. The most similar The problem addressed in this paper is to seg- previous work that we know of comes from two ment a given multilingual document into seg- sources and can be summarized as follows. First, ments for each language and then identify the (Teahan, 2000) attempted to segment multilingual language of each segment. The problem was texts by using text segmentation methods used for motivated by an attempt to collect a large non-segmented languages. For this purpose, he used amount of linguistic data for non-major lan- a gold standard of multilingual texts annotated by guages from the web. The problem is formu- lated in terms of obtaining the minimum de- borders and languages. This segmentation approach scription length of a text, and the proposed so- is similar to that of word segmentation for non- lution finds the segments and their languages segmented texts, and he tested it on six different through dynamic programming. Empirical re- European languages. Although the problem set- sults demonstrating the potential of this ap- ting is similar to ours, the formulation and solution proach are presented for experiments using are different, particularly in that our method uses texts taken from the Universal Declaration of only a monolingual gold standard, not a multilin- Human Rights and Wikipedia, covering more than 200 languages. -
Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................no. 26 ....................................................................................................................... 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Instituciones participantes/ Participating Institutions The Field Museum Nature and Culture International (NCI) Federación de Comunidades Nativas Chayahuita (FECONACHA) Organización Shawi del Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Centro