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Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions

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Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................no. 26 ....................................................................................................................... 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Instituciones participantes/ Participating Institutions The Field Museum Nature and Culture International (NCI) Federación de Comunidades Nativas Chayahuita (FECONACHA) Organización Shawi del Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation y The Field Museum. / This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation, and The Field Museum. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories The Field Museum Science and Education 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi THE FIELD MUSEUM FIELD THE INFORME/REPORT NO. 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira, Jonathan A. Markel, Mark Johnston, Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza, Agustín Lancha Pizango, Gloria Sarmiento Valenzuela, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Joshua Homan, Tyana Wachter, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz y/and Sebastian Heilpern Octubre/October 2014 Instituciones participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Nature and Culture Herbario Amazonense de la International (NCI) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Federación de Comunidades Museo de Historia Natural de la Nativas Chayahuita Universidad Nacional Mayor de (FECONACHA) San Marcos Organización Shawi del Centro de Ornitología y Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation y The Field Museum./ This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore THE FIELD MUSEUM Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation, and The Field Museum. Science and Education Cita sugerida/Suggested Citation 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Pitman, N., C. Vriesendorp, D. Alvira, J.A. Markel, M. Johnston, T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 E. Ruelas Inzunza, A. Lancha Pizango, G. Sarmiento Valenzuela, www.fieldmuseum.org P. Álvarez-Loayza, J. Homan, T. Wachter, Á. del Campo, D.F. Stotz y/and S. Heilpern, eds. 2014. Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Editores/Editors Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira, Jonathan A. Museum, Chicago. Markel, Mark Johnston, Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza, Agustín Lancha Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations Pizango, Gloria Sarmiento Valenzuela, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Joshua Homan, Tyana Wachter, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz Carátula/Cover: Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ y/and Sebastian Heilpern Photo by Álvaro del Campo Diseño/Design Carátula interior/Inner cover: Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ Photo by Álvaro del Campo Costello Communications, Chicago Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 9A, 10D, 12D, D. Alvira; Mapas y gráficas/Maps and graphics Fig. 8P, P. Boissel; Fig. 8Q, A. Delberghe; Figs. 1, 3A–C, 3E–F, Jon Markel, Mark Johnston y/and Rolando Gallardo 4A–B, 6A–B, 7A, 7M, 9C–D, 10B, 11A–B, 12B, 12H, 13B, Traducciones/Translations Á. del Campo; Figs. 7D–E, 7G, 7L, 7Q, G. Gagliardi-Urrutia; Fig. 8T, M. Giraud-Audine; Figs . 6D–J, M. H idalgo; Figs . 10C, 12A, J. Inga; Patricia Álvarez-Loayza (English-castellano), Álvaro del Campo Fig. 8R, R. Knight; Fig. 9B, C. López Wong; Figs. 5A, 5D, 5F, 5H, 5J–K, (English-castellano), Emily Goldman (castellano-English), D. Neill; Figs. 10A, 11D–E, M. Pariona; Figs. 5B, 5G, M. Ríos Paredes; Nigel Pitman (castellano-English), Ernesto Ruelas (English- Figs. 12F–G, 12J, S. Rivas; Figs. 12C, 12E, P. Ruiz Ojanama; castellano y/and castellano-English), Tyana Wachter (English- Figs. 8C, 8O, 8S, 9E, P. Saboya; Fig. 11C, B. Tapayuri; Figs. 8A–B, castellano), Agustín Lancha Pizango (castellano-Shawi) y/and 8D–M, J. Tobias; Figs. 5L–M, L. Torres; Fig. 8N, F. Uribe; Figs. 7B–C, Julio Lancha Chanchari (castellano-Shawi) 7F, 7H–K, 7N–P, 7R–T, P. Venegas; Figs. 3D, 5C, 5E, C. Vriesendorp. The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de impuestos federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./ Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-4-5 © 2014 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ © 2014 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las del Field Museum./Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of The Field Museum. como para su supervivencia de largo plazo. Sin duda se realizará esta actividad, y por otro lado la presión alguna, otras especies endémicas de elevaciones altas que de caza sobre los animales del monte que son presas no han sido documentadas en este hábitat sí occuren de los carnívoros, tales como sachavaca, venados, aquí, tal vez incluyendo primates globalmente sajinos, roedores grandes y monos. Para documentar amenazados como tocón de río Mayo (Callicebus efectivamente estas estrategias se necesita estudios oenanthe) y musmuqui andino (Aotus miconax), así para generar estimados precisos sobre el daño real que como quirquincho peludo (Dasypus pilosus). produce la fauna silvestre a los cultivos y al ganado. Adicionalmente, los mamíferos pequeños y murciélagos Esta necesidad es imperativa en el área de Balsapuerto. deberían ser estudiados en toda la Cordillera Escalera. También es una prioridad el diálogo con los líderes Estas comunidades menos conspicuas aún son casi de las comunidades al norte y al oeste del área propuesta. desconocidas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los mamíferos Estas comunidades están cercas de las cumbres que nuevos descubiertos para el Perú son endémicos de las albergarían un bosque de neblina y podrían contener tierras altas y tienen rangos geográficos restringidos. La poblaciones del mono choro de cola amarilla. Este existencia de numerosos mamíferos grandes endémicos a corredor podría ayudar a conectar las poblaciones de esta región sugiere que numerosas especies más pequeñas Lagothrix de la Cordillera Escalera con las poblaciones también serán confirmadas como distintas y endémicas. de San Martín. Los residentes deberían estar informados de la importancia global de esta población y de los Especies vulnerables recientes procesos de extinción de poblaciones locales Nuestro inventario incluyó registros de armadillos que se han dado en otras partes. (Dasypus sp.) y musmuquis (Aotus sp.) que solo pudieron ser identificados a nivel de género. Ambos géneros contienen especies que son endémicas a las estribaciones LA CORDILLERA ESCALERA Y ubicadas entre los ríos Marañón y Huallaga, tienen EL PUEBLO SHAWI: ETNOHISTORIA rangos geográficos muy localizados y son considerados Autor: Joshua Homan vulnerables por la UICN. Tanto Dasypus pilosus como Aotus miconax se distinguen de las especies más comunes y con amplia distribución (i.e., Dasypus novemcinctus y INTRODUCCIÓN Aotus nigriceps) por sutiles características morfológicas y La región que rodea la Cordillera Escalera tiene un pueden ser fácilmente confundidas con estas. Se necesita rica y larga historia humana, que data de miles de años colectar especímenes, ya sea por expediciones científicas atrás (ver el capítulo Arqueología de la cuenca del o por la recuperación de material en los campamentos Paranapura, este volumen). Hoy en día, a lo largo de los de los cazadores, para poder establecer si estas especies flancos nororientales de la cordillera, principalmente en están en la Cordillera Escalera y para determinar su la zona de Balsapuerto en la Región Loreto, los Shawi abundancia. Los especímenes colectados también (también conocidos como los Kampu Piyawi, Canpo permitirían hacer estudios genéticos para evaluar la Piyapi,
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