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Local Wisdom of Minangkabau Tradition “Malamang” As a Supplementary Material in Teaching Geography at Senior High School

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Local Wisdom of Minangkabau Tradition “Malamang” As a Supplementary Material in Teaching Geography at Senior High School 2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) LOCAL WISDOM OF MINANGKABAU TRADITION “MALAMANG” AS A SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL IN TEACHING GEOGRAPHY AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Muhammad Aliman Teacher at SMAN 15 PADANG, Doctoral Student of Geography Education at UM [email protected] Key Words: ABSTRACT Local Wisdom Malamang is a tradition of Minangkabaunese in West Sumatera. It Minangkabau is a tradition of cooking pulut rice served in customary activities Tradition such as welcoming Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, Geography Teaching engagement, marriage, Batagak Panghulu, Mauluik nabi and other Material traditions. Malamang uses stems of bamboo trees as containers of pulut rice. The existence of bamboo trees is decreasing due to increased land conversion of increasing population. Furthermore, this article uses descriptive writing method by analyzing various literature sources and research results. The results of the analysis show that Malamang tradition contains local wisdom value in the fields of economy, environmental preservation and cultural planting of minangkabau culture. Malamang tradition can be used as a teaching material supplement by adjusting core competencies in high school geography curriculum. In addition, Malamang tradition also contributes to conservation of the existence of bamboo trees. INTRODUCTION Malamang tradition is done at Local wisdom of Minangkabaunese certain times / moments such as is reflected in the philosophy of "Alam welcoming Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr and Eid Takambang Jadi Guru" which means that al-Adha, engagement, marriage, Mauluik the nature can be used as a lesson in nabi, Batagak Panghulu and so on humans’ life (Agustina, Ramadhan, & (Damanhuri, 2015; Minangkabaunews, Asri, 2016). In addition, local wisdom is 2011). Lamang becomes a mandatory meal local knowledge that has been fused in at these events. Without lamang at such society for a long time (Sumarmi & events, it will certainly reduce the Amirudin, 2014). One of the forms of local sacredness value of the events. wisdom of Minangkabaunese is the Besides using stems of bamboo tradition of Malamang. This tradition trees as the containers of pulut rice to be needs to be raised because it contains cooked, malamang needs dry woods to be moral values. fired. Dry woods used as the fuel are the Malamang is a culinary tradition of woods from the stems of trees that have Minangkabaunese in West Sumatera. died since a long time. These dry woods Cooking Lamang, or Malamang in usually have been sought in advance on Minangkabau language, is a tradition of the edge of the forest, without cutting cooking pulut rice using the stems of down the trees that are alive. Additionally, bamboo trees as the containers. Almost in The stems of bamboo trees used as the all regions in West Sumatera people do containers are the mature stems. The small malamang tradition as an inseparable part or old stems cannot be used as the from custom and daily tradition. containers to cook lamang. 767 2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) The need of bamboo trees and dry The research used in this article is woods in malamang tradition is very descriptive qualitative research design important. The existence of bamboo trees which focuses on malamang tradition of as the main materials for cooking lamang Minangkabaunese in West Sumatera. needs to be noticed. The high demand for Research Objective bamboo trees needs to be balanced against In general, this study aims to reveal conservation efforts in maintaining and the character values in the tradition of preserving bamboo trees. Regarding the malamang. Then, these values are existence of bamboo trees, it is not yet so developed into supplementary material in difficult to find, especially in rural areas. teaching geography at senior high school However, they will be difficult to find if adjusted to the curriculum. The final goal there is the increasing number of activities of such supplementary teaching material is of land transitions which shift the existing to build knowledge and awareness of bamboo trees / forests. Such land senior high school students on transitions have mainly occurred in urban conservation of bamboo trees which are areas due to the increasing number of used as the main material in malamang population in the cities as a result of tradition. urbanization. The need for housing and Research Procedure buildings increases as the population The first preparation in this study increases (Iswandi, 2016). was determining the research subjects. Apart from being the main material After determining the research subjects, for cooking lamang, bamboo trees also then observation and in-depth interview have other benefits. Other benefits of with the informants were conducted. The bamboo are for home and building results of in-depth interview were material, handicrafts / carvings, art (Utami, collected for the data analysis. Besides in- 2011). Other important benefits are that depth interview, observation was done to bamboo is able to prevent landslides; it can find out the real conditions in the field. be used as groundwater binder; it can The results of interview and observation prevent erosion and sedimentation; it is analyses was reduced to elicit the able to absorb carbon gas (KemenLHK, meanings behind events. The meanings 2013). and local wisdom values found were Balancing the needs and the further adjusted to senior high school existence of bamboo is important. It can be curriculum on geography subject to be done by conservation through education used as supplementary teaching material. phase, i.e. providing information to young The research subjects were public figures generation, especially to high school in society, doers of malamang tradition students. Providing information to high and senior high school geography teachers. school students will build knowledge and Data, Instrument and Techniques of awareness to keep and preserve bamboo Data Collection trees. In addition, through education The research data were collected students are provided with the from two methods, namely interview and understanding of character values in the observation. The interview was conducted tradition of malamang. Such knowledge with public figures in society, the doers of building can be done through the provision malamang tradition and senior high school of supplementary materials in teaching geography teachers. Interview instrument geography at senior high school. was the interview guidelines that were designed openly by prioritizing the METHODOLOGY forthrightness and truth conveyed by Research Design informants. Technique of Data Analysis 768 2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) The data obtained from the the nation for the next generation. The interview and observation were analyzed efforts from various parties to raise local descriptively. The results of the interview wisdom from each region in Indonesia are formed new prepositions derived from needed. Indonesia has various tribes and elucidation of the meanings of the customs held vigorously by the findings. Then, the data were reduced and communities since a long time. Such local associated to variables and finally the wisdom needs to be raised and promoted conclusions were drawn. again within which the positive values can be interpreted. The richness of positive FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION values in local wisdom can be Local Wisdom implemented in everyday life and even in Local wisdom is a form of national life (Fajarini, 2014). The adaptation of knowledge, beliefs, implementation of the values of local understanding / insight and customs / wisdom in national life can be by applying ethics that guides humans’ behavior in life local positive values that favor the society, within their ecological / environmental e.g. the values of mutual cooperation and communities which proceeds in a long kinship. time and is expressed in the forms of For the society in Tigawasa Village tradition and myth (Keraf, 2005; Suhartini, in Buleleng Regency Bali Province, there 2009; Sumarmi & Amirudin, 2014). Such is local wisdom that utilizes bamboo local wisdom is inherited from generation plants. The results of a study showed that to generation. The local wisdom becomes the socio-cultural life of the community a noble value which is continuously held had been approached to bamboo plants. by local communities. From 19 types of bamboo found in Local wisdom comprises the Tigawasa village, the community produced community’s activities in survival which 54 types of handicrafts (Arinasa, 2005). are poured in activities in the fields of One of the forms of local wisdom religion, economics, technology, social of Minangkabaunese is the tradition of organization and culture. Local wisdom malamang. This local tradition becomes a can be traditions, proverbs, and myths part of minangkabau cultures existing in containing positive values (Alfian, 2013). West Sumatera. This tradition is the Local wisdom is a system that integrates tradition in culinary domain; it grows in into social, political, cultural, economic everyday life of Minangkabaunese and environmental systems existing in the especially in West Sumatera which has midst of local communities (Thamrin, proceeded since a long time. 2013). Local wisdom grows in the Tradition of Malamang communities as a process of internalization At first, this tradition was in a long time from generation to promoted by a sheikh named Sheikh generation. This process leads to the Burhanuddin. He
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