2019 Division a Virginia Science Olympiad

2019 Division A Virginia Science Olympiad

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Table of Contents

2019 Competition Rules 3 Team Structure 4 Team Registration 4 Awards and Scoring 4 Volunteer Requirements 5 Writing an Event 5 Setting up the Team 5 The Tournament 6 Preparation for Technology Events 7 Science Olympiad Code of Ethics 8 Students’ Pledge 8 Spirit of Competition 8 Parent Information and Pledge 8 3r d Grade Only - Dynamic Planet – Volcanoes (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 10 3r d Grade Only - Gunk – Ice Cream Tower (60 minutes – Signup Event) 11 3r d Grade Only - Life Cycles - (30 Minutes- Scheduled Event) 13 3r d Grade Only - Ologies - (30 Minutes - Scheduled Event) 14 3r d Grade Only – Tower Building (1 hour – Sign Up Event) 19 Anatomy – Homeostasis (30 minutes - Scheduled Event) 21 Astronomy – Evolution of a Star (30 Minutes - Scheduled Event) 22 Boomilever (1 hour – Sign Up Event) 23 Cell Biology - (30 Minutes – Scheduled Event) 26 Code Busters - (30 minutes – Signup Event) 27 Describe it. Build it. (30 Minutes – Sign Up Event) 28 Dynamic Planet – Volcanoes (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 29 Flying Fossils – (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 30 Kinematics (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 31 Logical Thinking – (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 33 Orienteering (30 minutes – Sign Up Event) 34 Parachute Straw Egg Drop (60 minutes – Sign Up Event) 36 Pentathlon (30 minutes – Sign Up Event) 38 Shock Value (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 39 Simple Machines (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 40 Submersibles (60 minutes – Sign Up Event) 41 Virginia Ornithology (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 42 The Wright Stuff (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) 43

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2019 Competition Rules

● Parents will wait in the team area at the start of the compeon. No parents will loiter in the hall and passageways waing for their child to complete and event. Each school will provide 1 hallway volunteer to help children to and from events and to remind their parents that they must wait in the team area. ● Parents found in the hallways or passageways will penalize their child 10% of their score for all events. ● Parents found in rooms other than the team area will penalize their child 10% of their score for all events. ● Some events have a requirement that students wear eye protecon. We do not have any events that requires lab or protecve clothing, but students may wear if they wish.

● The awards ceremony will not begin unl all team areas are clear of materials and waste. A Science Olympiad representave will meet with each head coach to check the team area before releasing them to the awards. ● Each school will run at least one event and will provide the necessary volunteers to help run the compeon based on these parameters: o 15 student team: 2 Event Supervisors – 1 Parent Volunteer to help with events o 30 student team: 2 Event Supervisors – 2 Parent Volunteers to help with events o 31 students or more: 2 Event Supervisors – 3 Parent Volunteers to help with events ● ALL EVENTS will have 2 Adults Supervisors in the room when students are present. ● Building event supervisors must stay with their event for the enre compeon. ● Each Event Supervisor and volunteer of an event will help unl all examinaons are graded and winners determined. ● Event Supervisors must follow the same safety protocols as the parcipants and must ensure that all parcipants are following the safety protocols at all me. Wear your goggles and safety glasses! ● The Event Supervisor must be reachable for the enre compeon day in the event of an appeal with the running of the event. ● You must have prior approval for purchases of materials through the Division A Treasurer to receive reimbursement. ● Event Supervisors will provide plans/assessments one month prior to the compeon for review. ● Wrien test events have a set me. These mes are not changeable. ● Head Coaches schedule students for building events through a signup process determined by Science Olympiad. All schools, whether your school is team 1 or team 27, may have event conﬂicts with what they feel is the opmal me for their team. It is up to the Head Coach of the team to schedule students, so they have no conﬂicts. ● Students may parcipate individually in events where feasible.

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Team Structure ● A team is defined as a group of students residing within the same school aendance zone and aending the same school. ● The head coach is the person chosen by the school to be responsible for all the acons of their team and parents. ● Teams must have one Head Coach and may have one designated Co-Head Coach that will answer all quesons from their team and are the only adults that may talk with Virginia Science Olympiad officials. ● All other individuals working with a team are mentors and may not discuss the running of events or the interpretaon on the rules. ● Students from different schools that aend the same aer school or weekend acvity may not enter as a team. ● A team may be any number of students up to a total of 45. (Teams may further break this larger team into smaller groups as they like.) ● Science Olympiad will recognize Home School Teams consisting only of students who live within the boundaries of two contiguous (side-by-side) geographic counties in a single state. As of July 20, 2011, the two-contiguous-county/single state policy will apply to all Science Olympiad Home School Teams who wish to attend to the Science Olympiad National Tournament and Science Olympiad will no longer qualify multi-county or multi-state Home School Teams. (This home school portion of the policy was adopted in 2008 and a three-year grace period of qualification followed.) ● Students in grades 3-5 are eligible to parcipate in Division A. Smaller groups within a team may be mixed with some students from each grade level, or they may be based on grade level with students all coming from the same grade level. ● Students in grade 5 may choose to parcipate in either Division A or Division B. They may NOT compete in both divisions in the same school year.

Team Registration ● Teams, regardless of size, will pay a minimum team entry fee minimum of $350.00 for the first 15 students. On the 16-student fee is $15.00 per student up to 45 students. ● Schools that are Title 1 or have at least 33.3% have their population receiving free or reduced lunch receive a 25% discount on their registration fees. These teams will pay a minimum team entry fee of $262.50. On the 16 th student fee is $11.25 per student up to 45 students. ● Schools that have at least 44% have their population receiving free or reduced lunch receive a 50% discount on their registration fees. These teams will pay a minimum team entry fee of $175.00. On the 16t h student fee is $7.50 per student up to 45 students. ● Teams will only select their competition date after receipt of payment and verification by the treasurer.

Awards and Scoring ● The awards ceremony will not begin unl all team areas are clear of materials and waste. A Science Olympiad representave will meet with each head coach to check the team area before releasing them to the awards. ● Division A does not have team awards. So it does not use results from the events to create a combined

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team score. This is to allow students and teams more ﬂexibility in trying events, without the added pressure of ﬁlling all events to get a good team score. ● The top 8 performing pairs of students in each event earn medals. (Subject to change.) ● Scoring varies by event. Each event descripon includes an explanaon of how it will be scored. ● There are also individual impact awards for students that, in the mind of an Event Supervisor, have shown the most Olympic spirit.

Volunteer Requirements The Division A Tournament cannot be run without teachers, parents, and mentor volunteers. ● Each School will run at least one event and will provide the necessary volunteers to help run the competition based on these parameters: o 15 student team: 2 Event Supervisors – 1 Parent Volunteer to help with events o 30 student team: 2 Event Supervisors – 2 Parent Volunteers to help with events o 31 students or more: 2 Event Supervisors – 3 Parent Volunteers to help with events ● ALL EVENTS will have 2 Adults Supervisors from different schools in the room when students are present ● Building event supervisors must stay with their event for the entire competition. ● Each Event Supervisor and volunteer of an event will help until all examinations are graded and the winners are determined. ● Event Supervisors must follow the same safety protocols as the participants and must ensure that all participants are following the safety protocols at all time. ● Head Coaches do not need to run their event. ● Where needed, each school will write assessments for their assigned event. ● Each school will also provide volunteers on competition day to help o Setup o Cleanup o Hospitality ● Each school will provide 1 Volunteer to monitor hall and passageways for parent interference. ● The Event Supervisor must be reachable for the entire competition day in the event of an appeal with the running of the event. ● All volunteers must sign in at the volunteer room for their assignment. ● Schools will not receive their medals if they do not meet their volunteer obligaons.

Writing an Event ● Division A will only reimburse expenses that the Division A treasurer approves before the purchase of materials. ● Wring an event involves creang a hands-on acvity or wrien assessment based on the rules set forth in this event manual; running the event the day of the compeon; providing materials for the event; and administering the event including setup, cleanup and scoring. ● Event Supervisors will provide plans/assessments one month prior to the competition for review.

Setting up the Team ● Assignment of team numbers occurs aer team registraon closes and veriﬁcaon of registraon fees ● Publishing of the compeon day schedule occurs once we acquire building space. There is a sample schedule below based on 20 schools. ● A team may enter up to 6 students per study event and 2 students per 15 team members for building

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events. (If a team has 10 members then they may have 2 parcipate in each building event. If a team has 16 students, they may have 4 parcipate in each building event.) For most events the students will work in groups of two. There are some events that will have more than 2 students per team. ● All students from the same school will take all wrien assessments at the same me. For example; elementary school team 5 has six students entered in the Ana tomy e vent. All six students will aend the event at the same me and will parcipate against each other. ● Written test events have a set time. These times are not changeable and all students from the same school will participate in the test events at the same time. ● Head Coaches schedule students for building events through a signup process determined by Science Olympiad. All schools, whether your school is team 1 or team 27, may have event conflicts with what they feel is the optimal time for their team. It is up to the Head Coach of the team to schedule students, so they have no conﬂicts. ● In seng up your team schedule, be sure not to schedule one student for two events that meet at the same me. Please consult the schedule to determine those conﬂicts. ● When selecng student pairs, it is advisable that you select students that you know will work well together in a team situaon. Both should be equal members of a partnership. If one member dominates the partnership, the two will most likely not work well on the day of the compeon. ● Students may participate individually.

The Tournament ● Parents will wait in the team area after the start of the competition. No parents will loiter in the hall and passageways waiting for their child. Each school will provide 1 hallway Volunteer to help children to and from events and to remind their parents that they must wait in the team area. ● Parents found in the hallways or passageways will penalize their child 10% of their score for all events. ● Parents found in rooms other than the team area will penalize their child 10% of their score for all events. ● Coaches and families will complete online registration forms before competing. The combined online forms include a pledge signed by students and parents vowing to follow a code of ethics during the competition, a photography release, and a participation and consent form. ● Families that do not complete the online forms will not participate in the tournament. ● Head coaches may change the number of student participating on their team up to 30 days before competition. ● Each Head Coach will turn in an online roster of the student names and the events they will participate 30 days before competition. The roster will include a place for alternates in each event. ● Division A reserves the right to turn away any schools, students, or parents that do not complete the forms by the published deadlines. Division A will refund registraon fees of teams turned away. ● Students must understand and follow all safety rules. Students that do not have proper safety equipment may leave an event to retrieve safety equipment before seeing event tests. ● Students may start an event without their partner. The missing partner may join an event in progress. ● No student may leave an event once a test starts and return later. ● The tournament can be long for some students, due to "down me" between their events; however, there will be opportunies for fun in addion to compeng at diﬀerent points in the day. Snacks may be oﬀered for sale at the compeon. There may also be opportunies for recreaon outside with

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supervision. ● Head Coaches are responsible for their students at the tournament. Students are not required to stay for the enre tournament. Coaches should communicate their expectaons for their students prior to the tournament. ● Students must make any event appeals in wring to the tournament director or designee using the appeals forms with the help of their Head Coach or Co-Head Coach within 30 minutes of the end of their event. ● Appeals will be dealt with on a ﬁrst come, ﬁrst served basis and will be resolved on compeon day. ● We have a closing awards ceremony where students receive their medals for earning a top 8 placement in each event. Head Coaches will receive parcipaon ribbons for all students the day of the compeon. ● All schools must have at least one adult available through to the end of the awards ceremony. ● Parcipants will leave all building event projects intact and with the Event Supervisor so they can all be graded at the same me and will receive a scheduled me to retrieve their projects. ● Projects not retrieved before the awards ceremony will result in a 10% score penalty for that student team for that event. ● Division A does not return any written assessments given the day of competition.

Preparation for Technology Events ● All technology events this year will have a written test about the basic principles of the structure or device the team needs to build for the competition. ● Division A does not allow teams to bring pre-built devices. Our objecve is to ensure a team's performance is their own, and to have them learn and demonstrate skills they will need to compete successfully as they connue to Division B. ● The students retain control of the process of preparing for a Science Olympiad event. This means that they should have the last word about how something will be done. ● Encourage the students to gather informaon and ideas from library books, teachers, parents, engineers, sciensts and other available resources. The intent is not to reinvent the wheel nor to be given a finished design, but to integrate and build on informaon gathered. Example: A book on crossbows may contain informaon on how to make the trigger mechanism for a catapult. ● An important part of any design process is brainstorming. The enre team may be encouraged to parcipate in the discovery process, not just the two or three that will be involved at the tournament. An adult may act as mentor for the group and ask quesons or offer ideas. Don't forget the students should make the final choices. ● Coaches can best prepare their teams for the compeon by teaching underlying principles and skills, suggesng ideas, and advice on methods, tools or materials to accomplish the task. Students should pracce their events using different materials (suggested materials are included in each event descripon), and be familiar with the concepts so that they can apply them regardless of the materials provided at the tournament. ● Some events require the collecon and interpretaon of data; students will be most successful if they have had the opportunity to do this at their pracce sessions. ● Keep in mind that the purpose of Science Olympiad is to encourage the exploraon and pursuit of science while having fun in the process.

Science Olympiad Code of Ethics

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Student parcipants are expected to compete in tournament events with honest effort to follow the rules and the spirit of the compeon. Team members are expected to be the builders of all the devices used in the events. The goal of compeon is to give one's best effort while displaying honesty, integrity, and sportsmanship. Students, coaches, parents, and guests are expected to display courtesy and respect toward Olympiad officials, other teams, and guests of the Olympiad. Failure to show honesty and/or courtesy by a parcipant, coach, or guest of the team may result in the disqualificaon of the team from that event, the enre tournament or future tournaments.

Students’ Pledge I pledge to put forth my best eﬀort in the Science Olympiad tournament and to uphold the principles of honest compeon. In my events, I will compete with integrity, respect, and sportsmanship towards my fellow competors. I will display courtesy towards Event Supervisors and Tournament Personnel. My acons will exemplify the proud spirit of my school, team, state and myself.

Spirit of Competition ● All teams are expected to parcipate in the compeon in a posive manner. ● Science Olympiad will not tolerate the disrupng of the compeon in any way by student competors. ● Students, who belile or make fun of the work of other students, as determined by the judges, will be disqualiﬁed from their event and/or the compeon. ● Any team caught cheang or interfering with the work of another team during an event will be disqualiﬁed from that event.

Parent Information and Pledge ● This compeon is for your child. ● It is the students’ and Head Coaches’ responsibility to ask quesons and discuss events with Event Supervisors. ● Parents are not to interfere with the judging of any event and may not discuss the administraon of an event with the Event Supervisor. ● Division A has the right to ask any parent interfering with an event to leave the compeon. I pledge to be an example for our children by: ● Respecng the rules of Science Olympiad ● Encouraging excellence in preparaon and invesgaon ● Supporng independence in design and producon ● Respecng the decisions of Event Supervisors and judges

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Tournament Schedule ● The tournament is a one-day event. This schedule assumes that there will be 20 schools registering. ● Schools will receive their team number aer they register, paid their fees, and have chosen their compeon date. Use your team number plan your team schedule. ● Assigning events to students before you register your school will cause conflicts to occur in your schedule. We will not modify the schedule to accommodate individual conflicts. ● All schools will have simultaneous scheduled morning and aernoon events leading to conflicts if students are not scheduled correctly. Sample 20 Team Regional Competition Schedule All teams will receive a team number aer registraon closes. (1-4 means School numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4) All students from the same school must participate at the same time for these events.

Morning Sessions 9:00-9:30 9:40-10:10 10:20-10:50 11:00-11:30 11:40-12:10 Anatomy - Homeostasis 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 Dynamic Planet – Volcanoes 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 Flying Fossils 9-12 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 Kinemacs 13-16 9-12 5-8 1-4 17-20 Shock Value 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 1-4 Virginia Ornithology 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 3r d Grade Ologies 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12

Afternoon Sessions 12:20-12:50 1:00-1:30 1:40-2:10 2:20-2:50 3:00-3:30 5:00 Astronomy – Star Evoluon 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 Parade 3:40 Simple Machines 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 of Clean Cell Biology 9-12 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 Schools Up Logical Thinking 13-16 9-12 5-8 1-4 17-20 And Wright Stuﬀ 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 1-4 Awards 3r d Grade Dynamic Planet 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 5-8 3r d Grade Life Cycles 5-8 1-4 17-20 13-16 9-12 Schools will send your assigned students at different times for these events.

30 minute Morning Sessions Signup 9:00-9:30 9:40-10:10 10:20-10:50 11:00-11:30 11:40-12:10 Student Events Afternoon Sessions 12:20-12:50 1:00-1:30 1:40-2:10 2:20-2:50 3:00-3:30 Describe It, Build It Mulple student events are 30-minute events. Each school may send two groups of students. Orienteering The two groups do not have to compete at the same me. Signup: up to 2 Schools Per ½ Pentathlon Hour. Code Busters

3:40 1 Hour Tech Events 9:00-10:00 10:20-11:20 11:40-12:40 1:00-2:00 2:20-3:20 5:00 Buildi 3r d Grade – Gunk Ice Cream Parade ng Towers3r d Grade – Tower Tech events are hands-on and require the students to create, test and of Proj compete with a student-built device. Some of these events will not Schools Boomilever ect take a full hour. Signup: up to 4 Schools per Hour; 2 groups of 2 And Parachute Straw Egg Drop Pick students per school. Awards Submersibles up

Trial 9:00-10:00 10:20-11:20 11:40-12:40 1:00-2:00 2:20-3:20 Trials are events the rules commiee discussed but want to test to see if we can modify them from Division B Cryptology down to our compeon. They are a great ﬁller of me. Students will not earn awards for these events. Some of these events will not take a full hour. Signup: up to 4 Schools per Hour; 2 groups of 2 students per school.

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3r d Grade Only - Dynamic Planet – Volcanoes (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: T eams will demonstrate their understanding of how volcanoes form, the current and historic volcano acvity of the United States, and the anatomy of a volcano. This event has a written test.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: One double sided 8 ½ x 11 sheet of paper with any notes the students want to bring.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Teams will answer quesons on a wrien test. Topics may include but not limited to: o Types of volcanoes o Parts of a volcano o Current and historic volcanic acvity

Scoring: P oints will be awarded for each correct response. The team with the highest accumulated score is the winner. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or ● The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. o E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

Possible Resources: United States Geological Survey: h ps://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/educaon.html Khan Academy: h ps://www.khanacademy.org/search?page_search_query=volcanoes

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3r d Grade Only - Gunk – Ice Cream Tower (60 minutes – Signup Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 3-5 Volunteer Judges

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: Using given materials, teams will create the tallest free-standing ice cream sculpture possible. Teams may also answer quesons about the properes of carbohydrates, sugars, and starches found in ice cream. This event has a building component and a written test.

Approximate Time: ● 30 minutes (5 minutes for setup, up to 15 minutes for mixing, 5 minutes for shaping and scoring, and 5 minutes for cleanup)

Safety Requirements: Indirect-vent Safety Goggles. ● Because this is an event that uses liquids, all competors must always wear their eye protecon. ● If a team does not have the required eye protecon, they will be given the opportunity to obtain it, me allowing, but will not receive extra me. ● If a team is unable to obtain eye protecon, the team will not compete and will receive a no-show score.

Teams Need to Bring: ● 1-1 gallon and 1-1-pint size Ziploc or another brand sealable plasc bag. No twist e bags allowed. ● Teams receive a 10-cenmeter penalty if they do not bring their own materials.

Optional items: ● Gloves ● A one page note sheet describing their experimentaon results ● Mixing bowls and/or measuring equipment

Materials Provided at Event: The Event Supervisor will provide the same amounts of supplies to all teams. Teams do not need to use all the materials. ● Up to 125 mL of milk, cream, or half and half. ● Up to 15 mL of sugar ● Up to 90 mL of salt. ● Enough crushed ice to ﬁll between 1/3 and 1/2 of the gallon bag.

The Competition: Teams will not start creang their gunk at the same me. They may begin at diﬀerent intervals at designated by the Event Supervisor to ensure that all teams have the same amount of me to mix, build, receive a score for their ice cream sculpture and answer the wrien poron of the event.

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Written Test ● The test will consist of between 10 and 20 quesons on the properes of carbohydrates, sugars, and starches found in ice cream.

Mixing: ● The amount of materials given at the start of the event is all that each team will receive, so students should work carefully. ● No announcement on the amounts or type of materials will occur unl the day of the event. ● Each team will receive the same quanty of materials; milk, sugar, salt, and ice. ● Teams may bring a one page note sheet describing any experimentaon results. ● If they desire, teams may bring their own room temperature mixing bowls and/or measuring equipment. ● Judges will me each team while they mix their ice cream. ● Teams will decide and declare to their Judge, how long they wish to mix their ice cream, but may have no longer than 15 minutes.

Building: ● When the team’s announced me ends, they must immediately begin building their ice cream sculpture. ● Each team will have up to 5 minutes to make the tallest ice cream sculpture possible. ● Teams may shape their sculpture in any way they wish, unless the Event Supervisor speciﬁes a shape for all teams. ● Teams may ask for a measurement at any me during the 5-minute building phase. The Event ● Supervisor or designated Judge will measure the height to the nearest millimeter. ● Teams may only have one measurement.

Scoring: ● Supervisors will score all wrien tests to include ebreakers. ● Supervisors will measure each ice cream sculpture to the nearest millimeter. ● Supervisors will record the amount of me a team uses for mixing their ice cream. ● The Supervisor’s decisions are ﬁnal on all mings and measurements.

Tiebreakers ● Shortest amount of me for mixing. ● Answers to selected quesons on the wrien test. ● Least amount of materials used.

Determining the placements ● Each team will receive a ﬁnal placement based on the average placement on the wrien test and their ice cream sculpture.

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3r d Grade Only - Life Cycles - (30 Minutes- Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: This event tests parcipants’ knowledge of simple life cycles. This event has a wrien test and may/may not include “hands-on” staons. This event has a written test.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: An y not es that ﬁt on one piece of paper double sided.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: ● Students will take a wrien test and may answer quesons about the following life cycles…. ● Ants ● Bees ● Monarch Buerﬂy ● Lady Bugs ● Frogs ● Birds ● Students may use “hands-on” staons to… ● Solve puzzles about life cycles ● Be med in sorng life cycles correctly

Scoring: ● Points will be awarded for each correct response. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event leader prior to the compeon.

Possible Resource: ● Ask a Biologist – Arizona State University – Example: use a search engine and search for Ask a Biologist Ants

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3r d Grade Only - Ologies - (30 Minutes - Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: This event tests parcipants’ knowledge of professions or studies that end in the suﬃx -ology. This event has a written test.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: An y not es that ﬁt on one piece of paper double sided.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Students will take a wrien test and may answer quesons about the following ologies. There might be quesons on famous sciensts related to these ﬁelds as well.

Scoring: ● Points will be awarded for each correct response. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event leader prior to the compeon.

Possible Resources: ● Diconaries ● Science Books

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Ology Study List

-ology Word Description acarology The study of mites and cks. acridology The study of grasshoppers and locusts (infraorder Acrididea). A branch of biology that studies organic parcles, such as bacteria, fungal spores, very aerobiology small insects, pollen grains and viruses, which are passively transported by the air. allergology The study of the causes and treatment of allergies. amphibiology The branch of zoology that deals with the class Amphibia. anemology The study of wind. anesthesiology The study of anesthesia and anesthecs. anthropology The holisc scienfic and social study of humanity, mainly using ethnography as its method. apiology The scienfic study of honey bees and honey-making. The scienfic study of spiders and related animals such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, arachnology and harvestmen, collecvely called arachnids. archeology The study of human acvity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. archeozoology The study of faunal remains or the items le behind when an animal dies. arteriology The branch of angiology dealing with arteries. arthropodology The study of arthropods. astacology The study of crayfish. The study of the theorecal effects of astronomical bodies and forces on the Earth's astrometeorology atmosphere. atomology The study or doctrine of atoms. audiology The study of the auditory and vesbular systems, and associated disorders. bacteriology The scienfic study of bacteria, especially in relaon to disease and agriculture. barology The study of gravity and weight and their relaon. biology The study of life and living organisms and their morphology, anatomy, and physiology. The branch of biology dedicated to the study of organisms that live in caves and are biospeleology collecvely referred to as troglofauna. brontology The study of thunder. cardiology The study of the heart. carpology The study of the structure of seeds and fruit. cartology The creaon of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. cerebrology The science that deals with the cerebrum or brain. The branch of zoology concerned with the order Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, cetology and porpoises. chelonology The study of turtles or tortoises (order Chelonia). chemoimmunology The branch of chemistry that studies the chemical processes in immunology. chromatology The study of colour. chronology The study of things in order of me or the study of me. cirripedology The study of barnacles. climatology The science that deals with climates, and invesgates their phenomena and causes. clownology The study of being a clown. coccidology The study of scale insects, mealybugs, and organisms within the superfamily Coccoidea. coleopterology The scienfic study of beetles (order Coleoptera).

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conchology The study of mollusks and their shells. coprology The study of feces. crustaceology The branch of zoology dealing with crustaceans. cryptology The study and pracce of analyzing encoded messages, in order to decode them. cyclonology The study of cyclones. cynology The study of dogs. cytology The study of cells. demology The study of human populaons, acvies, social condions, and behaviour. In archeology, the science that uses dendrochronology to date wooden material from dendroarcheology archeological sites. The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their dendrochronology exact year of formaon. dendrogeomorpholog The science that uses dendrochronology to study changes to the Earth's surface over me. y dermatology The study of skin. dermatoneurology The study of nerves of the skin. desmidiology The study of single-celled algae. eccrinology The study of the secreon of the eccrine glands. ecohydrology The study of the interacons between water and ecosystems. ecology The scienfic study of interacons among organisms and their environment. encephalology The study of the brain and its funcon, structure and anatomy, and diseases. enterology The study of the intesnal tract. entomology The scienfic study of insects, a branch of zoology. The study and analysis of the paerns, causes, and effects of health and diseasecondions in epidemiology defined populaons. eremology The study of deserts. The branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteriscs of different ethnology people and the relaonship between them. A planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celesal bodies such as exogeology the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. felinology The study of cats. filicology The study of ferns. gastroenterology The branch of medicine focused on the digesve system and its disorders. gelotology The study of humour and laughter. gemology The scienfic study dealing with natural and arficial gemstone materials. The area of geology that deals with the distribuon and movement of groundwater in geohydrology the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers). geotectology The study of the structure of the Earth's crust; geotectonics. gerontology The study of the social, psychological, cognive, and biological aspects of aging. glaciology The scienfic study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice. graminology The scienfic study of the grasses (family Poaceae). grossology The study of things that are disgusng or gross. heliology The study of the sun. hemipterology The study of true bugs (order Hemiptera). The branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, hepatology and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Page 16 of 44

The branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (gymnophiona)) herpetology and reples (including snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids, turtles, terrapins, tortoises, crocodilia ns, and the tuataras). heteroptology The study of true bugs (suborder Heteroptera). hippology The study of horses. The study of support systems in wetlands such as the interacons between water and hydroecology wildlife habitats. The scienfic study of the movement, distribuon, and quality of water on Earth and other hydrology planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. hyetology The scienfic study of precipitaon. hypnology The scienfic study of sleep. iatrology The study of medicine. ichthyology The branch of biology devoted to the study of fish. immunology A branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. irenology The study of peace. kinology The branch of physics that deals with the laws of moon. kymatology The study of wave moon. A branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, laryngology especially the larynx. A branch of entomology concerning the scienfic study of moths and the three superfamilies lepidopterology of buerflies. limacology The branch of zoology which deals with slugs. lithology The study of rocks, with parcular emphasis on their descripon and classificaon. meteorology The study of the atmosphere and related phenomena such as weather. metrology The science and study of measurement. microbiology The study of microorganisms. A branch of climatology that studies microclimates which are small, local region having a microclimatology unique paern of weather or weather effects that differ from the local climate. microphytology The study of very small or microscopic plant life. mnesiology The study of memory. momiology The study of mummies. mycetology The study of fungi. myrmecology The branch of entomology focusing on the scienfic study of ants. nephology The study of clouds. neurobiology The study of the nervous system including the brain. noology The systemac study and organizaon of everything dealing with knowing and knowledge. oceanology The branch of Earth science that studies the ocean; oceanography. odonatology The study of dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata). olfactology The study of smell. oncology The branch of medicine that deals with the prevenon, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. oology The study of eggs, especially those of birds. ophidiology The study of snakes (clade Ophidia). ophthalmology The branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. ornithology A branch of zoology dealing with the study of birds. Page 17 of 44

osteology The scienfic study of bones. A branch of medicine which studies normal and pathological anatomy and physiologyof otology the ear (hearing and vesbular sensory systems and related structures and funcons). paedology The study of children's behavior and development. paleoanthropology The scienfic study of human fossils, and the evoluon of modern man. paleobotany The branch of paleontology that deals with the study of plant fossils. paleoentomology The study of prehistoric insects. paleoichthyology The study of fossil and ancient fish. paleoornithology The study of ancient and prehistoric birds and their evoluon. paleophytology The study of ancient plants and plant fossils; paleobotany. parasitology The study of parasites and how they interact with their hosts. pestology The study of pests. pharyngology The scienfic study of the pharynx and its diseases. photoecology The study of or applicaon of aerial photography to ecology and land management. photology The study of light. phycology The scienfic study of algae. planktology The study of plankton. The study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious psychology experience as well as thought. pulmonology The study of the respiratory system and its organs. radiology A medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body. rhinology The study of the nose, including the sinuses. scatology The study of feces. The study of natural sediments (silt, clay, and sand) and of the processes by which they are sedimentology formed. The scienfic study of earthquakes and the propagaon of elasc waves through the Earth or seismology through other planet-like bodies. serpentology The study of snakes. spongiology The study of sponges (phylum Porifera). taxology The technique or study of idenfying, naming, and classifying things; taxonomy. theriology The study of mammals. dology The science or study of des. A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects toxicology of chemicals (poisons) on living organisms. trachelology The study of the neck and related injuries and disease. urinology The study of urine and the urinary system. venology The study of veins. vermeology The study of worms. The study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and volcanology related geological, geophysical and geochemicalphenomena. woodpeckerology The study of woodpeckers xenology The study of extraterrestrial life the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, zoology evoluon, classificaon, habits, and distribuon of all animals, both living and exnct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.

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3r d Grade Only – Tower Building (1 hour – Sign Up Event)

Descripon: Teams will build the tallest tower to hold the largest mass for the longest amount of me using the least amount of supplies.

For a school to successfully run this event they need: 1 Event Supervisor 2-4 Volunteer Judges (at least 2 per session)

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: Teams will build the tallest tower to hold the largest mass for the longest amount of me using the least amount of supplies. This event has a building component and a written test.

Teams need to bring: Pencil, pen or marker, a ruler/straight edge, scissors and protractor.

Safety Requirements: Indirect-vent Safety Goggles or Safety glasses labeled ANSI Z87.1+ (impact rated). All competors must always wear their eye protecon during the compeon. Eye Glasses are not Eye Protection.

Materials Provided at Event: 1 meter of masking tape 30 – Paper Straws an object with a mass no less than 50 grams and no more than 500 grams

The Competition: Construction Phase: Timed 35 Minutes For student safety, the craft sticks may not be broken or cut. Teams will construct a tower that rises the greatest possible distance from its base and be able to support the object when placed at the top most point of the tower. The manufacture of the straws will remain secret unl the day of the compeon. The Event Supervisor will announce on the day of the compeon the object, its ﬂat base size, the mass of the object each tower will have to hold, and the manufacturer of the straws. The mass of the object will be no less than 50 grams and no more than 500 grams. The tower must support the object for a least ten seconds and no more than 30 seconds. Teams may cut the tape into any shape or size. The Event Supervisor will record the amount of masking tape and straws le for each team. Any team using any tools or materials other than those listed above will be ranked below all other teams.

Challenge Phase: Teams will have 3 minutes to complete the challenge phase. Page 19 of 44

The Event Supervisor will measure the height of the tower to the nearest millimeter (1mm) to the point where the weight will be placed before the challenge begins. When given permission teams will place the tower on a flat surface The tower may not be placed so that it is supported in any way by any horizontal or vercal obstrucon. No scky part of the tape may touch the top or sides of the flat surface. Timing begins when teams place the mass on the tower and remove their hand. The challenge will end when the tower fails to hold the object or the end of the 30 seconds. The Event Supervisor or appointed judge will be the official mekeeper.

Written Test The written test for this event will cover the basic concepts of building towers and bridges. It may include: Tension Compression Truss Type of bridges Types or towers Building techniques (L vs X vs K etc.)

Event Supervisor Records: Height of Tower Time to structural failure Amount of unused masking tape and straws for each team

Scoring: To calculate the total team score the Event Supervisor will average the team placements for the building and written test to find the final team placement. Teams with the highest tower that holds for the longest me will rank ahead of all others measured to the nearest millimeter (1mm) and 1/100t h of a second by the Event Supervisor or appointed judge. Will account for 50% of the total team score. The wrien poron of the event will account for 50% of the total team score.

Tiebreakers: Least amount of masking tape. Time to structural failure. Selected quesons on the wrien exam.

Possible Resource: Science Olympiad Student Center Wiki - h ps://scioly.org/wiki/index.php/Towers

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Anatomy – Homeostasis (30 minutes - Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: Teams will demonstrate their knowledge of homeostasis in the human body. Homeos tasis refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium within a cell or the body. It is an organism’s ability to keep a constant internal environment. This event has a written test and may/may not include “hands-on” stations.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: An y notes that ﬁt on one piece of paper - double sided.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Students will take a wrien test to answer topic quesons on the c ardiovascular which may include: ● To idenfy the process by which body systems are kept within certain limits. ● To explain the role of feedback mechanisms in homeostasis. ● To disnguish negave feedback from posive feedback. ● To idenfy and example of two organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis. ● To summarize the role of the endocrine system in homeostasis. ● To outline the result of a disturbance in homeostasis of a body system.

Scoring: P oints will be awarded for each correct response. The team with the highest accumulated score is the winner. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or ● The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. ● E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

Possible Resources: Open Curriculum: h ps://opencurriculum.org/5385/homeostasis-and-regulaon-in-the-human-body/ Khan Academy: hps://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-body-structure-and- homeostasis/a/homeostasis

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Astronomy – Evolution of a Star (30 Minutes - Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: Teams will demonstrate knowledge about the evoluon of star from birth to death. This event has a written test.

Optional Materials: One double sided 8 ½ x 11 sheet of paper with any notes the students want to bring.

The Competition Students will take a wrien test to answer topic quesons about stars which may include: ● Star Life Cycle ● Protostars ● Interstellar Clouds ● Cloud Collapse ● Comparing ● relave sizes ● temperature ● composion ● density

Scoring: ● Points will be awarded for each correct response. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

Possible Resources NASA: h ps://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve Khan Academy: hps://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/stellar-life-topic/stellar-life-death-tutorial/v/birth-of -stars

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Boomilever (1 hour – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 2-4 Volunteer Judges (at least 2 per session)

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: T eams will build the longest boomilever to hold the largest mass for the longest amount of me using the least amount of supplies. This event has a building component and a written test.

Teams need to bring: ● Pencil, pen or marker, a ruler/straight edge, scissors and protractor.

Safety Requirements: ● Indirect-vent Safety Goggles or Safety glasses labeled ANSI Z87.1+ (impact rated) . All competors must always wear their eye protecon during the compeon. Eye Glasses are not Eye Protection.

Materials Provided at Event: ● 4 – Popsicle/Cra scks ● 1 meter of masking tape ● 20 – Paper Straws ● an object with a mass no less than 50 grams and no more than 500 grams ● a wooden wall for aaching the boomilever and tesng

The Competition: Construction Phase: Timed 35 Minutes ● For student safety, the craft sticks may not be broken or cut. ● Teams will construct a boomilever that extends the greatest possible distance from the base and be able to support the object when placed at the most 5 cm from the end of the boomilever that is furthest from the testing wall the team. ● The manufacture of the straws will remain secret unl the day of the compeon. ● The Event Supervisor will announce on the day of the compeon the object and the mass of the object each boomilever will have to hold, and the manufacturer on the straws used. ● The mass of the object will be no less than 100 grams and no more than 750 grams. ● The boomilever must support the object for a least ten seconds and no more than 30 seconds. ● Teams may cut the tape into any shape or size. ● The Event Supervisor will record the amount of masking le for each team. ● Any team using any tools or materials other than those listed above will be ranked below all other teams.

Challenge Phase: ● Teams will have 3 minutes to complete the challenge phase. ● The Event Supervisor will measure the length of the boomilever to the nearest millimeter (1mm) before Page 23 of 44

the challenge begins. ● When given permission teams will aach the boomilever to the side of the tesng wall, within a 12 cm by 12 cm, area using a clamp. (The teams will choose from either a pressure clamp or c-clamp.) ● The clamp may only hold the boomilever to the wall and may not support any part of the boomilever. ● All support parts of the boomilever must rest against the tesng wall. ● No scky part of the tape may touch the top or sides of the ﬂat surface. ● Timing begins when teams place the mass on the end of their boomilever and remove their hand. ● The challenge will end when the boomilever fails to hold the object or the end of the 30 seconds. ● The Event Supervisor or appointed judge will be the oﬃcial mekeeper.

Written Test The written test for this event will cover the basic concepts of building boomilevers and bridges. It may include: ○ Tension ○ Compression ○ Truss ○ Type of bridges ○ Types of Boomilever/Canlever ○ Types or towers ○ Building techniques (L vs X vs K etc.) ○ Principles of Canlevers

Event Supervisor Records: ● Length of boomilever ● Time to structural failure ● Amount of unused masking tape by each team ● Team score on the wrien poron of the test

Scoring: To calculate the total team score the Event Supervisor will average the team placements for the building and written test to find the final team placement. ● Teams with the longest boomilever that holds for the longest me will rank ahead of all others measured to the nearest millimeter (1mm) and 1/100t h of a second by the Event Supervisor or appointed judge. ● The wrien poron of the event will account for 50% of the total team score.

Tiebreakers: ● Least amount of masking tape. ● Time to structural failure.

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Boomilever Tesng Wall

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Cell Biology - (30 Minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: This event tests parcipants’ knowledge of cells and cell processes. This event has a written test and may/may not include “hands-on” stations.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: An y not es that ﬁt on one piece of paper double sided.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Part 1: Students will answer quesons about the following…. ● Cells, Similaries and diﬀerences between prokaryoc and eukaryoc cells, and plant and animal cells. ● Structure and funcon of cell organelles. ● Specialized cells. o Muscle Cells o Nerve Cells o Red Blood Cells o Leaf Cells o Root hair Cells ● Cell transport. ● Cell Division and Cell Cycle. ● Stem cells and cancer cells. Part 2: ● Students should be able to idenfy slides or images of cells and cell organelles. Part 3: ● Students should be able to predict the outcome of cell transport experiments. Scoring: ● Points will be awarded for each correct response. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event leader prior to the compeon.

Possible Resources: ● Biology for Kids: h p://www.biology4kids.com/ﬁles/cell_main.html ● Khan Academy: h ps://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell

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Code Busters - (30 minutes – Signup Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 1 team of 5 students

Description: T eams will receive a set of up to 10 nonsense leers and numbers and will pass the codes from teammate to teammate.

Teams need to bring : Pencils. On paper

Safety Requirements: None.

Materials provided at event: ● Paper ● Codes The Competition: ● This is a med event. Each team will have 5 minutes to relay the codes between each other correctly. ● The Event Supervisor will me to the nearest 1/100 of a second. ● Team members must be familiar with all the leers, numbers and symbols created by a computer keyboard with or without the shi key engaged. ● Handwring counts. If the code is not legible it will not receive a score. The judge’s decision is final. ● Team member 1 will receive the codes on paper. They may not show the codes to any other team member. They will whisper the code to member 2; who in turn whispers to member 3 and so on. ● Team member 5 will write the codes aer receiving it from team member 4. ● Lower case and upper-case leers are different. A lower case leer will not substute in scoring for an upper-case leer. ● Members 2 through 5 may never see the starting codes. Member 1 through 4 may never see the finished codes. ● The teams may restart the codes as oen as they want. ● The me will start when team member 1 receives the first code. Scoring: ● Teams receive a score for each correct or parally correct code. o 1 point for each correct leer, number or symbol in the sequence in the correct order. o 1 point for a complete correct answer Examples ● Code #2 is – 78ghJT4. The team writes 87hgjT4. The team earns 2 points. T, 4 are correct and in the correct order. ● Code#3 - *&65tyU3. The team writes x^65tyu3. The team earns 5 points. 6, 5, t, y and 3 are correct and in the correct order. Tiebreakers: ● Teams with the most complete correct answers. ● Teams with the faster me will rank ahead of the second team.

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Describe it. Build it. (30 Minutes – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 2-3 Volunteer Scorers

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: One student will describe an object and how to build it, and their partner will try to build the object in real me.

Teams need to bring : Nothing.

Safety Requirements: None.

Materials provided at event: For the Describer: ● An object made of small items such as arts & cra supplies, or commercial building sets (e.g., Legos, K'Nex, etc.) or a combinaon of these items that they will describe to their partner.

For the Builder: ● The builder will have a complete set of materials needed to build the object. (Note that extra materials, not used in building the object, may be included in the set.)

The Competition: ● Each team will have 5 minutes to describe and build the object presented for this compeon. ● The builder may not see the object. ● The describer may not see what the builder is creang. ● The builder may begin as soon as the event supervisor starts the mer.

Scoring: ● Event Supervisors will score the completed object based on a point system that awards points for each material placed in the proper locaon and with the correct connecon as on the original object. ● Pieces connected correctly to an incorrect located or connected piece will receive full credit (i.e., no penalty for "error carried forward").

Scoring Penalties: ● Tier violaons occur if the builder looks at the object, or the describer looks at the builder’s product. Teams with er violaons will be ranked behind all other teams without violaons.

Additional Information: ● A sample object and score sheet from the B division “Write It, Do It,” which is very similar to this event is available on the Virginia Science Olympiad website (www.virginiaso.com), under the Events tab.

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Dynamic Planet – Volcanoes (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants for all Schools: Six: 3 teams of 2 students

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: One double sided 8 ½ x 11 sheet of paper with any notes the students want to bring.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Teams will answer quesons on a wrien test. Topics may include but not limited to: o Types of volcanoes o Parts of a volcano o Current and historic volcanic acvity

Possible Resources: United States Geological Survey: h ps://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/educaon.html Khan Academy: h ps://www.khanacademy.org/search?page_search_query=volcanoes

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Flying Fossils – (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants for all Schools: Six: 3 teams of 2 students

Description: T eams will demonstrate their knowledge of the fossil record as it relates to ﬂying species. This event has a written test and may/may not include “hands-on” stations. Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: One double sided 8 ½ x 11 sheet of paper with any notes the students want to bring.

Safety Requirements: None

Scoring: Points will be awarded for each correct response. The team with the highest accumulated score is the winner. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or ● The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. o E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

Possible Resources: The Virtual Fossil Museum: h ps://goo.gl/tE9qGX Smithsonian Instute: h ps://goo.gl/H8yjQ1

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Kinematics (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: T eams will demonstrate their understanding of the laws of moon and their abilies to calculate data using formulas for force, moon, and vectors. This event has a written test about the basic data points used during an experiment and will include observations of or conducting an experiment.

Team Needs to Bring: Sharpened Pencils, One-four funcon calculator (non programmable), one sheet of paper with any formulas the team wants to use during the compeon.

The Competition: Teams will answer quesons on a wrien test, in a series of team staons, and conduct an experiment calculang the rate at which an object changes posion. ● Topics may include: ● Analyzing the moon of an object in terms of its posion, velocity, and acceleraon (with respect to a frame of reference) as funcons of me. ● Interpreng and applying Newton's three laws of moon. ● Solving problems of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleraon. ● Independent, dependent, constant, hypothesis, and conclusion

The Experiment: Teams will observe the Event Supervisor conducng a simple experiment twice using a ramp and “vehicle.” They will then complete the Experimental Design Diagram to the best of their ability.

Scoring: ● Points will be awarded for each correct response on the wrien test. ● Points will also be awarded for each correct response compleng the Experimental Design Diagram ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event leader prior to the compeon.

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Logical Thinking – (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants for all Schools: Six: 3 teams of 2 students

Description: T eams will demonstrate their problem-solving skills by solving as many logic puzzles as they can within a set given me. These puzzles may be math, language, or picture orientated. This event has a written test. Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: None. No notes may be brought to this event.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: Teams will answer quesons either on a wrien test or at a series of team staons. ● If this is a staon event the parcipants will move from staon to staon, with the length of me at each staon predetermined and announced by the Event Supervisor. ● No parcipant may to return to unfinished staons but may change or add informaon to their original responses while at other staons. ● Topics may include but are not limited to: o Math Puzzles o Language Puzzles o Picture Puzzles Scoring: Points will be awarded for each correct response. The team with the highest accumulated score is the winner. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or ● The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. ● E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

Possible Resources: Puzzle Baron’s Logic Puzzles: h ps://goo.gl/77VSCx Wikipedia Category: Logic Puzzles: h ps://goo.gl/qRGdMZ Thinkfun Logic Puzzles: h ps://goo.gl/REMTpR

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Orienteering (30 minutes – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants for all Schools: Six: 3 teams of 2 students

Description: This is an orienteering event. Teams will follow a set of direcons using map, pacing and compass skills to ﬁnd locaons within the Science Olympiad compeon. This event may be held outdoors in good weather. This event has a written test and a “hands-on” component.

Teams need to bring : Pencils

Optional Materials: None. No notes may be brought to this event.

Safety Requirements: None

Team Needs to Bring: A liquid-ﬁlled orienteering compass; labeled with the team, school or owner’s name, pencils, and a cenmeter ruler. A 4-function calculator is the only allowed electronic device. No other electronics allowed including rangefinders and electronic compasses.

● Teams may bring: a protractor, and other measuring devices, 4-funcon calculator, and a magnifying glass.

Materials Provided at Event: A wrien test, maps and instrucons for each team.

Safety Requirements: None

The Competition: ● Teams will have to answer quesons about the parts of an orienteering compass and Topographic Maps. ● Topics may include map symbols and features, scale, distances between locaons/features, compass rose, borders and boundaries, walking/driving direcons, map coordinates. ● Teams will have to walk a predetermined route using a compass, map, and their pacing to collect clues. ● Teams will receive a set of direcons that, if completed correctly, will bring them back to the starng point. No team from the same school will have the same direcons. No team starng at the same me will have the same direcons. All teams may visit the same points at different mes. ● At each stopping point in the direcons, teams will write down the clues they find. Pacing is important; there will be “dummy” points with incorrect clues. ● An internaonal orienteering symbol will mark all stopping points. ● The Event Supervisor and one judge will me each team to the nearest 1/100 th second. ● Teams will esmate the me it takes for them to find all their clues. ● If the event is indoors, teams caught running during the event will receive a 5 second penalty.

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Scoring: Teams will receive a ranking on each of three scoring components. The rankings will then average into a total to the nearest 1/100t h of a point. ● Time to complete the course - Correctness of the data collected - Correct number of answers on the wrien quesons - Example: Team #24 ranks 3r d in me, 7t h in data collecon, and 5t h on the wrien quesons. Their average is 5t h place.

Tiebreakers 1. Time to complete the course

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Parachute Straw Egg Drop (60 minutes – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: • 1 Event Supervisor • 2-4 Volunteers (at least 2 needed)

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: Teams will make a device and parachute out of paper straws, masking tape, Kleenex paper, and thread to hold a large raw egg. The device containing the egg will be dropped from a ﬁxed height to a target. This event has a building component and a written test.

Safety Requirements - Eye Protection Sa fety glasses labeled ANSI Z87.1+ (impact rated). All competors must always wear their eye protecon during the compeon. E ye Glasses are not Eye Protection.

Teams need to bring: Must bring and wear safety goggles; teams may bring plumb lines.

Materials provided at the event: ● 4 paper - non-ﬂexible paper straws ● 25 cm of one-inch masking tape ● Scissors ● One raw egg wrapped in plasc wrap or inside a snack/sandwich size plasc bag ● 1 meter of General-Purpose Thread

The Competition: It is a tier violation if the team does not create a parachute that fully opens for their device. ● Team members will have 20 minutes to construct a device to cushion the egg and prevent it from cracking or breaking. ● No tape may be aached to the egg. ● No tape may be aached to the snack/sandwich size plasc bag. ● The snack/sandwich bag may not be opened, nor may air be added to the bag. ● Each team will have 5 minutes to drop the device from a height of 2-3 meters to a target. ● There will be ONE drop per team from the prescribed height. Plumb lines will be allowed. ● Maximum drop height will be the top of a 2-story school stairway. Minimum drop will be from the top of an elementary school bleachers. ● A team whose egg is broken before their drop may request a second egg but will be penalized 100% of the distance from the target (e.g., a measurement of 20cm from the target will be scored as 40cm.) ● The distance measured for each team is the distance from the center of the target to the FARTHEST point on the container (or the farthest point of any piece of the container, if it breaks during the fall) where it comes to rest in the target area. (There is no penalty for the container bouncing, rolling or breaking on impact, other than the broken egg penalty, if applicable.) ● At the end of their drop the competors will open their device so the supervisor may check the egg. ● A broken egg is one that when rolled upon a paper towel will leave a damp spot.

The written test:

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Items that may be included on the wrien test are: ● Eggs and Egg Grading ● Basic concepts of skydiving

Scoring: Teams will be ered in three separate groups. ● Tier 1: Teams whose egg does not break during the drop will be ranked by distance from the target (including the "second egg" penalty, if appropriate) to the farthest point of their container or farthest piece of their container. ● Tier 2: Teams whose egg breaks during the drop will be ranked behind Tier 1, in order of distance from the target, again taking any "second egg" penalty into account. ● Tier 3: Teams that drop empty containers will be ranked behind Tier 2, in order of distance from the target.

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Pentathlon (30 minutes – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 2-4 Volunteers (at least 2)

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Ten: 2 teams of 5

Description: Five physical skills are interspersed with science quesons in an obstacle course that will be run in a relay race style where each student passes the baton or tags the next student. A sixth physical skill and science queson may be performed by the group.

Materials provided at event: All materials are provided.

Safety Requirements: Appropriate athlec are including closed-toe shoes.

The Competition: ● Each leg of the relay will feature quesons from any of the following categories: Forces, Moon and Energy; Life Processes and Living Systems; Interrelaonships in Earth Space Systems; Earth Paerns, Cycles and Changes; Resources; Maer; all content is derived from the grade 3-5 Virginia state standards for science. ● Students will work as a team to complete a 5-person relay. ● Each member of the relay must complete 1 physical acvity followed by compleng an academic science challenge. ● The relay connues unl all 5 team members have finished. ● A sixth acvity may have to be completed by the team followed by a queson for the team to answer. ● The physical acvies will include events such as: a dash, crossing a balance beam, dribbling a basketball around a row of safety cones, running through 6 res on the ground, a Frisbee throw for accuracy, etc. ● One student in the relay will complete each stretch of the relay. ● Each team will be med from the start of the first leg unl the team completes the final challenge. For the academic challenges team members will have a maximum of 2 minutes to answer the quesons otherwise they will be forced to pass the baton on to the next team member. ● Students who may not be able to complete the physical challenge due to some physical limitaon may designate another team member to complete the physical challenge for them, but they must complete the academic challenge on their own. ● Each physical and academic challenge must be completed before proceeding to the next staon. The only excepon is if students do not answer the academic challenge in 2 minutes they must pass the baton onto the next teammate. Scoring: The Event Supervisor or Judge will record the total me for a team to complete the Pentathlon to the nearest 1/10t h of a second. The overall lowest me wins.

Tiebreaker: The ebreaker will be the number of correct answers.

Possible Resources: Virginia Department of Educaon: h ps://goo.gl/vo4oEM Shock Value (30 minutes – Scheduled Event) Page 38 of 44

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Description: T eams will answer quesons and may do hands-on acvies involving direct current circuits, basic electricity, and magnesm. This event has a written test.

Team needs to bring: ● Sharpened pencils (2-3)

Optional materials: Teams may bring any notes that ﬁt on a single sheet of double sided paper.

Materials provided at event: ● Event supervisors will provide answer sheets and may provide baeries (AA, C or D), wire, lamps, switches or similar components; any necessary tools; circuit sets (such as Snap Circuits® ), samples of conducng and non-conducng materials, magnets, breadboards, LED lights and similar hands-on materials. This event will not use lithium batteries.

Safety Requirements: ● No AC power will be used.

The Competition: ● This event may or may not include a student rotaon through staons assessing knowledge in areas including dc circuits, baeries (commercial and/or homemade), household electrical safety (quesons only - no hands-on acvies related to AC power), and conducng and non-conducng materials and their uses. ● This event will include wrien quesons. ● Staons may include quesons or hands-on acvies to assess students’ knowledge of these subjects. ● Students should understand basic electricity concepts, series and parallel circuits, simple Ohm’s Law calculaons, electron ﬂow in circuits, etc. ● How did we get here? Major early historical moments and sciensts in electricity.

Possible Resources: ● Science Olympiad - Shock Value: h p://www.soinc.org/shock_val_b ● SciOly: h p://scioly.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=166&t=4951 Simple Machines (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

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For a school to successfully run this event they need: • 1 Event Supervisor • 1 Volunteer

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: T eams will demonstrate their understanding of simple machines. This event has a written test and may include “hands-on” stations.

Team Needs to Bring: Sharpened Pencils, scissors, One-four funcon calculator (nonprogrammable), one sheet of paper with any informaon the team wants to use during the compeon.

Safety Requirements: Mus t wear safety glasses labeled ANSI Z87.1+ (impact rated) or goggles.

The Competition: Teams will answer quesons on a wrien test, in a series of team staons, or build set of simple machines.

Topics may include: ● Types of simple machines ● Idenfying the simple machine within a compound machine ● Building examples of simple machines from everyday items ● Discussing with the Event Supervisor or Judges the concept of or the uses of simple machines

Scoring: P oints will be awarded for each correct response or simple machine built. The team with the highest accumulated score is the winner. ● Ties will be broken by the accuracy or quality of answers to select quesons chosen by the event supervisor prior to the compeon. Or ● The event supervisor will compare tests and the team that incorrectly answers the first queson in order will place below the other team. o E.g. Team one correctly answers the first three quesons and team two correctly answers the first two quesons but misses the third. Team one will place higher than team two.

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Submersibles (60 minutes – Sign Up Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: • 1 Event Supervisors • 2-4 Volunteers

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof

Description: Teams will build a device to create neutral buoyancy within a saline water environment using a set of given materials. This event has a building component and a written test.

Teams Need to Bring: ● Sharpened Pencils, scissors, One-four funcon calculator (nonprogrammable), one sheet of paper with any informaon the team wants to use during the compeon. ● One chart or graph on 8 ½ x 11 paper showing at least 5 experiments to achieve buoyancy.

Materials provided at event: ● Plascine clay, play dough, or plumbers’ puy, straws (paper or plasc), 25cm of masking tape, small paper clip, a 12 to 16-inch-tall container ﬁlled at least ¾ full with a 1% to 10% saline soluon.

The competition: Written Test ● Teams will take a wrien test on buoyancy concepts. The quesons may relate to ﬁsh, submersibles, and under water exploraon. This will account for 50% of the team score. Submersible ● No teams may squeeze the container. ● No teams will test their submersible in the container at any time. ● Teams will build a Cartesian submersible using the given materials. The diver will then be placed in the container of saline soluon so that the diver comes to rest at a designated midway point in the container. ● Teams will mark a reference line on their submersible. This event supervisor will use this reference line to measure in millimeters the distance between the midway point and the reference point. Scoring: ● The Event Supervisor will rank teams based on the wrien test scores. Highest score to lowest. ● The Event Supervisor will rank teams based on their distance to the midway point of the container. Lowest distance to farthest. ● The two rankings will be averaged for the team placement. ● Ties will be broken by using the best wrien test placement. ● Any rules violaon will result in that team being given a er violaon and ranked behind all other teams. Possible Resources Khan Academy: Fluids - h ps://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/ﬂuids

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Virginia Ornithology (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a s chool to successfully run this event they need: • 1 Event Supervisor • 1 Volunteer

Description: Teams will demonstrate their knowledge of birds the live in or frequent Virginia. This event has a written test and may/may not include “hands-on” stations.

Maximum Number of Participants per School: Six: 3 teams of 2

Team Needs to Bring: Sharpened Pencils, one double-sided sheet of paper with any content the team wants to use during the compeon, hand lenses, and rulers.

Possible materials provided at event: Pictures, drawings, or other items relang to Virginia herpetological life, and assessment materials provided by the event supervisor.

Safety requirements: None

The competition: Teams may ● Rotate through staons to idenfy Virginia bird species. And/or ● Teams may answer quesons about the following topics: 1. How habitat and environmental condions impact ornithological life. 2. How bird species use adaptaon to survive. 3. Land management to support ornithological species.

Possible Resources: ● Cornell Lab of Ornithology: h ps://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/ ● Audubon Guide to North American Birds: h ps://www.audubon.org/bird-guide

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The Wright Stuff (30 minutes – Scheduled Event)

For a school to successfully run this event they need: ● 1 Event Supervisor ● 2 Volunteers

Description: Each team will build one paper plane for the longest me alo. Students will provide an esmate of their me before their ﬂight. This event has a building component and a written test.

Maximum Number of Participants per School: 2 students per 15 registered or portion thereof . Safety Requirements: Must wear safety glasses labeled ANSI Z87.1+ (impact rated)

Teams Need to Bring: ● Pencils, a ruler/straight edge, scissors, and a team chart showing tesng results for the launching for a pracce plane. The chart must be on 8 ½ x 11 inch size paper and contain a minimum or 5 launches for both distance and me.

Materials Provided at Event: ● Each team will receive two sheets of 8 ½ x 11-inch, 20-pound copy paper, one small paper clip, and cellophane tape.

The Competition: Construction Phase: Timed 15 Minutes ● No Coaches, parents, or spectators in the building area. ● The Event Supervisor will inform the teams of the type of plane they are to construct and will announce the height of the ﬂight area. ● Teams must write their team designator on their plane. ● During the construcon phase the team will give the Event Supervisor their esmate, in wring, for the me that their plane will stay airborne, or the distance it will travel. ● Teams do not need to use all the supplied materials for this event. ● Teams may make more than one plane. ● The plane may not be a wadded up into a paper ball. ● All paper clips must stay in their original shape and may not be bent into another other shape.

Flight Phase: ● Teams will give the Event Supervisor their best esmate for how long their plane will fly before any pracce launches. ● Teams will receive one official flight. Students may not arficially launch the plane. ● Each team will have 3 minutes to record an official flight. ● During their 3 minutes, the teams may take pracce flights and adjust their plane. The clock will not stop. The Event Supervisor will give a 30 second warning before the pracce me expires. ● Pracce flights will not count as an official flight. ● No other teams may pracce during another teams’ flight pracce. ● All flights will start from the same starng point and from a flat-footed posion with both feet on the ground; No running or fast walking starts. Page 43 of 44

● Teams must inform the Event Supervisor when they are ready for their official flight. ● If a flight begins before the end of 3 minutes it may connue unl the plane comes to a rest. ● Timing will start when judges see the plane leave the hand of a team member. ● The Event Supervisor and at least two other judges, will measure and record the me for each plane to the 1/100t h of a second. ● Teams will receive a second flight if there is a malfuncon during ming. ● During an official flight, me will connue if the plane bounces off an object but will stop when the plane gets stuck or comes to a complete rest. ● Teams must not follow their plane aer their official flight. They must wait unl the Event Supervisor allows them to retrieve their plane. ● The Event Supervisor will allow coaches, parents and spectators to watch from a safe distance based on space constraints, and only in a designated area. ● It is a rules violation if Coaches, parents, mentors or spectators talk to the teams before they have their official flight.

Scoring: ● The Event Supervisor will place teams based on the longest med flight to the nearest 1/100 of a second. ● The Event Supervisor will place teams based on the differences between the actual flight me and their esmated flight me. ● The Event Supervisor will place teams based on their scores on the wrien test. ● Any rules violaon will result in that team being ranked behind all other teams. ● The Event Supervisor will average each teams’ three placements to decide on the final team placements.

Tiebreakers: ● Tiebreaker No. 1: The team with the closest esmate to the actual ﬂight me to the nearest 1/100 of a second. ● Tiebreaker No. 2: Completeness of the team chart showing tesng. Teams showing more tesng details will be ranked above others. (Minimum requirement: 5 distance launches and 5 med launches)

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