DOCSLIB.ORG

Think-Like-A-Disciplinarian-Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Think-Like-A-Disciplinarian-Science Think Like a Scientific Disciplinarian An academic disciplinarian is an expert in a particular field of study. Academic disciplines are branches of learning or scholarly instruction in which degrees may be earned at the college or university level. Disciplinarians teach, conduct research and publish their findings in peer-reviewed scholarly journals. They may also be experts in an applied field, where they use their expertise to perform specialized tasks rather than conduct basic research. Many disciplinarians have expertise and collaborate with others in different disciplines. Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches as seen below. Chemistry Physics Earth sciences • Analytical chemistry • Acoustics • Atmospheric sciences • Atmospheric chemistry • Agrophysics • Biogeography • Biochemistry • Astrophysics • Cartography • Computational chemistry o Cosmology • Climatology • Electrochemistry o Gravitational physics • Coastal geography • Environmental Chemistry o Space physics • Geodesy • Geochemistry • Atomic, Molecular, and • Geography • Inorganic chemistry Optical physics • Geology • Materials science • Biophysics • Geomorphology • Medicinal chemistry • Computational physics • Geostatistics • Neurochemistry • Condensed matter physics • Geophysics • Nuclear Chemistry • Cryogenics • Glaciology • Organic chemistry • Dynamics • Hydrology • Polymer chemistry • Electromagnetism • Hydrogeology • Physical chemistry o Electrostatics • Mineralogy • Quantum chemistry o Electrodynamics • Meteorology • Spectroscopy • Electronics • Oceanography • Stereochemistry • Fluid dynamics • Paleoclimatology • Thermochemistry • Geophysics • Paleontology • Thermodynamics • Materials physics o Micropaleontology • Mathematical physics o Paleobiology Astronomy • Mechanics o Palynology • Archaeoastronomy • Medical physics • Petrology • Astrobiology • Molecular physics • Seismology • Astrochemistry • Nuclear physics • Soil science • Astrodynamics • Optics o Edaphology • Astrometry • Particle/High Energy physics o pedology • Astrophysics o Accelerator physics • Topography • Cosmochemistry o Nuclear astrophysics • Volcanology • Cosmology o Particle astrophysics • Extragalactic astronomy • Plasma physics • Galactic astronomy • Polymer physics • Physical cosmology • Quantum Physics Statics • Planetary geology • • Solid State • Planetary science • Solar astronomy • Thermodynamics • Stellar astronomy • Vehicle dynamics • Relativistic Physics Environmental sciences Life Sciences / Biology Health sciences • Ecology • Anatomy / Morphology • Conservation medicine o Freshwater biology • Astrobiology • Dentistry o Marine biology • Biochemistry • Optometry o Parasitology • Bioinformatics • Medicine • Environmental chemistry • Biophysics o Anatomy • Environmental geology • Botany o Dermatology • Environmental hydrology o Bryology o Gynecology • Environmental soil science o Mycology o Immunology • Limnology . Lichenology o Internal medicine • Population dynamics o Palynology o Neurology • Toxicology o Phycology (Algology) o Ophthalmology • Cell biology / Cytology o Pathology • Chronobiology o Pathophysiology • Developmental biology o Pediatrics Engineering o Embryology o Pharmacology Gerontology Physiology • Aeronautical engineering o o Epidemiology Psychiatry • Aerospace engineering • o Evolution/Evolutionary biology Radiology • Agricultural engineering • o Evolutionary Toxicology • Agricultural science o o developmental biology Urology • Biomedical engineering o Genetics Nutrition • Chemical engineering • • Genomics Nursing • Civil engineering o • Proteomics Physical therapy • Computer engineering o • Population genetics Veterinary medicine • Control engineering • • Microbiology/ Bacteriology • Electrical engineering • Molecular Biology • Industrial engineering • Structural biology • Language engineering o Physiology • Marine engineering • Immunology • Mechanical engineering o Kinesiology • Mining engineering o Neuroscience • Nuclear engineering o Histology • Polymer engineering o Systematics • Software engineering • Cladistics • Systems engineering o o Phylogeny o Taxonomy • Virology • Zoology o Arachnology . Acarology o Entomology . Myrmecology o Ethology o Helminthology o Herpetology o Ichthyology Malacology o o Mammology . Cetology o Physical anthropology o Nematology o Ornithology . Oology .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Formación De Neologismos En Ciencia Del Suelo
    Formación de neologismos en Ciencia del Suelo Formation of Soil Science neologisms Formação de neologismos em Ciência do Solo AUTORES Received: 01.06.2012 Revised: 19.06.2012 Accepted: 20.06.2012 @ 1 Porta J. [email protected]. cat RESUMEN 2 Desde el Congreso de Roma de 1924, en el que la comunidad cientí!ca decidió utilizar la expresión Villanueva D. Soil Science en lugar de Pedology o Edaphology, no se ha llegado a establecer criterios para la formación en español de neologismos referentes! "# al estudio del suelo."$%#& En inglés, los nuevos términos se forman dando prioridad a la raíz griega ! " frente a la raíz # . Este criterio, que se ha consolidado !!"#" con el uso, no tiene en cuenta que en griego el término se"$%#& re!ere al suelo sobre el que se anda y @ Corresponding no al suelo en el que crecen las plantas, expresado por el término # . En el presente trabajo, desde Author una perspectiva etimológica, semántica y de pragmática lingüística, se proponen criterios para la 1 Sociedad Española formación de neologismos en español o al establecer equivalencias en español de voces introducidas de la Ciencia del en inglés. El análisis se basa en voces de autoridad; en elementos etimológicos; en aspectos de am- Suelo. Universitat de Lleida. Rovira Roure bigüedad fonética y ortográ!ca; en la revisión de equivalencias entre términos similares en español, 191, 25198 Lleida, inglés y francés; en el ámbito universitario; en la denominación de las sociedades y revistas cientí!cas; España. y en aspectos de buen gusto idiomático en determinados ámbitos geográ!cos del español.
    [Show full text]
  • D:Int Agrophysics -1Balashov Alashov.Vp
    Int.Agrophys.,2011,25,1-5 IINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALL AAgggrrroooppphhhyyysssiiicccss www.international-agrophysics.org Impactofshort-andlong-termagriculturaluseofchernozemonitsqualityindicators E.Balashov*andN.Buchkina AgrophysicalResearchInstituteRAAS,14GrazhdanskyProspekt,St.Petersburg195220,Russia ReceivedMay11,2010;acceptedJune21,2010 A b s t r a c t. The impact of 5, 45, and 75 year agricultural use During the last two decades, particular attention of of a clayey loam Haplic Chernozem on its selected quality indica- scientists has been focused on two directions of multi- tors was determined. Contents of soil organic matter and microbial disciplinary studies of selected quality indicators of soils. biomass carbon were equal to 43.1±2.2 g C kg-1 soil and 480.0± 67.6 mg C kg-1 soil in the fallow land. Soil organic matter content in The first direction of the research was to quantify the thermo- the agricultural soils ranged from 30.2±1.8 (75 year plot) to dynamic characteristics of soil solid phase. The results of 47.5±2.1 g C kg-1 soil (5 year plot), while microbial biomass carbon thosestudiesshowedsignificantdifferencesin: content varied from 340.2±5.9 (75 year plot) to 371.2±10.2 mg C – water vapour and nitrogen adsorption energy of different -1 kg soil (5 year plot). Among the three agricultural treatments, soil clay minerals, soil types (Józefaciuk and Bowanko, only the 75 year one resulted in a significant decline in total 2002), soil organic matter content (Soko³owska et al., amounts of water-stable aggregates (70.8±8.2%) and clay content (26.9±1.0%), compared to those parameters in the fallow land 1993)andsoiltillage(Józefaciuk etal.,2001); (90.1±9.4% and 30.5±1.2%, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Concepts and the Evolutionary Paradigm in Modern Nematology
    JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY VOLUME 30 MARCH 1998 NUMBER 1 Journal of Nematology 30 (1) :1-21. 1998. © The Society of Nematologists 1998. Species Concepts and the Evolutionary Paradigm in Modern Nematology BYRON J. ADAMS 1 Abstract: Given the task of recovering and representing evolutionary history, nematode taxonomists can choose from among several species concepts. All species concepts have theoretical and (or) opera- tional inconsistencies that can result in failure to accurately recover and represent species. This failure not only obfuscates nematode taxonomy but hinders other research programs in hematology that are dependent upon a phylogenetically correct taxonomy, such as biodiversity, biogeography, cospeciation, coevolution, and adaptation. Three types of systematic errors inherent in different species concepts and their potential effects on these research programs are presented. These errors include overestimating and underestimating the number of species (type I and II error, respectively) and misrepresenting their phylogenetic relationships (type III error). For research programs in hematology that utilize recovered evolutionary history, type II and III errors are the most serious. Linnean, biological, evolutionary, and phylogenefic species concepts are evaluated based on their sensitivity to systematic error. Linnean and biologica[ species concepts are more prone to serious systematic error than evolutionary or phylogenetic concepts. As an alternative to the current paradigm, an amalgamation of evolutionary and phylogenetic species concepts is advocated, along with a set of discovery operations designed to minimize the risk of making systematic errors. Examples of these operations are applied to species and isolates of Heterorhab- ditis. Key words: adaptation, biodiversity, biogeography, coevolufion, comparative method, cospeciation, evolution, nematode, philosophy, species concepts, systematics, taxonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sari Et Al. 2012 J. Biogeography.Pdf
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2012) ORIGINAL Tracking the origins of lice, haemospo- ARTICLE ridian parasites and feather mites of the Galapagos flycatcher (Myiarchus magnirostris) Eloisa H. R. Sari1*, Hans Klompen2 and Patricia G. Parker1,3 1Department of Biology and Whitney R. ABSTRACT Harris World Ecology Center, University of Aim To discover the origins of the lice, haemosporidian parasites and feather Missouri-St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63121, 2 mites found on or in Galapagos flycatchers (Myiarchus magnirostris), by testing USA, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State whether they colonized the islands with the ancestors of M. magnirostris or if University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA, they were acquired by M. magnirostris after its arrival in the Galapagos Islands. 3 Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute, St Louis, Location The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) and north-western Costa Rica. MO, 63110, USA Methods We collected lice, feather mites and blood samples from M. magni- rostris on seven of the Galapagos Islands (n = 254), and from its continental sister species, M. tyrannulus, in Costa Rica (n = 74), and identified them to species level using traditional taxonomy and DNA sequencing. Results The blood parasites from the two bird species were different: Plasmo- dium was found only in M. tyrannulus, while a few individuals of M. magnirostris were infected by Haemoproteus multipigmentatus from Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis). Myiarchus tyrannulus was parasitized by three louse species, two of which (Ricinus marginatus and Menacanthus distinctus) were also found on Myiarchus magnirostris. We also collected one louse specimen from M. magnirostris, which was identified as Brueelia interposita, a species commonly found on finches and yellow warblers from the Galapagos, but never recorded on M.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
    s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Beaked Whale Strandings and Naval Exercises Angela D’Amico,1 Robert C
    Aquatic Mammals 2009, 35(4), 452-472, DOI 10.1578/AM.35.4.2009.452 Beaked Whale Strandings and Naval Exercises Angela D’Amico,1 Robert C. Gisiner,2 Darlene R. Ketten,3, 4 Jennifer A. Hammock,5 Chip Johnson,1 Peter L. Tyack,3 and James Mead6 1Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152-5001, USA; E-mail: [email protected] 2Office of Naval Research, P.O. Box 3122, Arlington, VA 22203, USA 3Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1049, USA 4Harvard Medical School, Department of Otology and Laryngology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA 5Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MCR 163, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 6National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA Current Address: Marine Mammal Commission, 430 East-West Highway, Room 700, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (RCG) Abstract Key Words: stranding event, mass stranding event, mid-frequency active sonar, MFAS, beaked Mass strandings of beaked whales (family whale, Navy sonar, Ziphiidae Ziphiidae) have been reported in the scientific liter- ature since 1874. Several recent mass strandings of Introduction beaked whales have been reported to coincide with naval active sonar exercises. To obtain the broad- Several articles have suggested that naval sur- est assessment of surface ship naval active sonar face ship’s use of mid-frequency active sonar operations coinciding with beaked whale mass (MFAS) cause mass strandings of beaked whales strandings, a list of global naval training and anti- (family Ziphiidae) (Frantzis, 1998, 2004; Evans submarine warfare exercises was compiled from & England, 2001; Martín Martel, 2002; Brownell openly available sources and compared by location et al., 2004; Freitas, 2004; Martín et al., 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • National University of Engineering Ge111
    NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM GE111 – EDAPHOLOGY I. GENERAL INFORMATION CODE : GE111 – Edaphology SEMESTER : 5 CREDITS : 03 HOURS PER WEEK : 04 (Theory – Practices – Laboratory) PREREQUISITES : GE102 – Geography CONDITION : Mandatory II. COURSE DESCRIPTION Concept and importance of edaphological soil and its interest for Engineering. Detailed knowledge of the components, physical and chemical properties, genesis, classification and principles of cartography, of natural soils and anthropogenic urban soils. Principle of soil evaluation, as a starting point in studies of environmental planning, territorial planning and environmental impact assessment. Finally, it is intended that students understand the importance of soil as a non-renewable resource and the degradations to which its inappropriate use leads; It is also intended to train in the corrective and rehabilitating measures of degraded soils. III. COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of the course the student will: Organizes data for proper analysis and interpretation and calculations (soil densities, physical chemical and biological properties). Explains and determines the genesis of the soil, the physical properties of the soil, geo reference, physiographic units. Understand and apply densities, to determine the consistency of the soil, the probability of resistance in an earthquake. Interpret and perform types of soil sampling to take to the laboratory to determine their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Build models to determine the degree of contamination, is determined by the parameters, using the LMOs, ECAs, In soils. IV. LEARNING UNITS 1. SOIL GENESIS / 4 HOURS Objective of soil science: Interest in Engineering. Genesis. Pedological and edaphological approach. Factors of soil formation. Climate action. Properties of the soil affected by the climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Quality: Why and How?
    Geoderma 114 (2003) 145–156 www.elsevier.com/locate/geoderma Soil quality: why and how? Douglas L. Karlena,*, Craig A. Ditzlerb, Susan S. Andrewsa a USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011-4420, USA b National Soil Survey Center, 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, USA Abstract The soil quality concept evolved throughout the 1990s in response to increased global emphasis on sustainable land use and with a holistic focus emphasizing that sustainable soil management requires more than soil erosion control. The concept includes two areas of emphasis—education and assessment—both based soundly on principles of soil science. Soil quality test kits, farmer-based scorecards, visual assessment procedures, fact sheets, and video presentations were developed as educational materials because many people have no basis to recognize, understand or appreciate the complexity of soil resources. Assessment tools for indexing soil quality at various scales were pursued to show the multiple functions (e.g. nutrient and water cycling, filtering and buffering of contaminants, decomposition of crop residues and other organic matter sources, and recycling of essential plant nutrients) that soils provide as the foundation for sustainable land management. Worldwide research and technology transfer efforts have increased awareness that soil resources have both inherent characteristics determined by their basic soil formation factors and dynamic characteristics influenced by human decisions and management practices. Soil quality assessment and education are intended to provide a better understanding and awareness that soil resources are truly living bodies with biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes performing essential ecosystem services.
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Physics
    Physics 1. What is Physics 2. Nature Science 3. Science 4. Scientific Method 5. Branches of Science 6. Branches of Physics Einstein Newton 7. Branches of Applied Physics Bardeen Feynmann 2016-03-05 What is Physics • Meaning of Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (phusikḗ )) is knowledge of nature (from φύσις phúsis "nature"). • Physics is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. • Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. • New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy. 2016-03-05 What is Physics • Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. • For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization, and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
    [Show full text]
  • René Antoine Ferchault De Réaumur (1683–1757), a Naturalist and Pioneer of Acarology and His Contacts with Poland
    BIOLOGICAL LETT. 2016, 53(1): 9–17 Available online at: http:/www.degruyter.com/view/j/biolet DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2017-0002 René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), a naturalist and pioneer of acarology and his contacts with Poland PIOTR DASZKIEWICZ Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Świat 72, 00-330 Warsaw, Poland; and National Museum of Natural History, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris France; e-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: Piotr Daszkiewicz, e-mail: [email protected] (Received on 7 January 2016; Accepted on 12 July 2016) Abstract: René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur was one of the most important scientists of the Age of Enlightenment. His relations with Polish scientists are analysed, with particular reference to Franciszek Bieliński (Grand Marshal of the Crown), Konstanty Franciszek Fremel (a Saxon specialist of glass tech- nology in Poland), and Johann Ernst Stieff (a Silesian scientist). Réaumur’s work on mites is discussed in the context of his entomological publications. For the first time, illustrations of mites drawn by Claude Aubriet (from Réaumur’s collection) are reproduced here. INTRODUCTION: RÉAUMUR’S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The 18th century marked a revolution in the natural sciences. The cabinets of curiosities, i.e. collections of natural history specimens, became more and more im- portant then. Descriptions of those collections resulted in many zoological, mineral- ogical, and botanical works. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) proposed the new rules of nomenclature and systematics: it was the beginning of the modern taxonomic system that we still use today. The work of Antoine Lavoisier revolutionized chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Physical Science
    Outline of physical science “Physical Science” redirects here. It is not to be confused • Astronomy – study of celestial objects (such as stars, with Physics. galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and neb- ulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such Physical science is a branch of natural science that stud- objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explo- ies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a “physical sions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. science”, together called the “physical sciences”. How- ever, the term “physical” creates an unintended, some- • Branches of astronomy what arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physi- cal science also study biological phenomena and branches • Chemistry – studies the composition, structure, of chemistry such as organic chemistry. properties and change of matter.[8][9] In this realm, chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, the manner in which atoms form 1 What is physical science? chemical bonds in the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the Physical science can be described as all of the following: interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances. • A branch of science (a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of • Branches of chemistry testable explanations and predictions about the • universe).[1][2][3] Earth science – all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth • A branch of natural science – natural science science is the study of how the natural environ- is a major branch of science that tries to ex- ment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it plain and predict nature’s phenomena, based evolved to its current state.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrmecology in the Internet: Possibilities of Information Gathering
    Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X Beitr. Ent. 55 (2005) 2 485 55 (2005) 2 S. 485 - 498 27.12.2005 Myrmecology in the internet: Possibilities of information gathering (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with 12 tables CHRISTIANA KLINGENBERG and MANFRED VERHAAGH Summary A well advanced information system about ants exists on the internet. Many myrmecologists all over the world offer useful information as text files, images or databases. A good part of the information focuses on re- gional faunas and biogeographic regions, with updated species checklists and geographic distribution maps. Many internet sites deal with specific ant groups or single genera and provide dichotomous and sometimes interactive identification keys, extensive information about the biology and/or geographic distribution of the species. Text information is often illustrated with images of living or dry mounted ants. Additionally, detailed pages about anatomy, mounting of ants, colony husbandry or ant conservation (red lists) can be found. In discussion forums it is possible to exchange facts and thoughts about all myrmecological facets with other interested people. A special offer for taxonomists is the increasing number of databases about museum collections and their type catalogues. Zusammenfassung Für Ameisen gibt es mittlerweile ein sehr gut entwickeltes Informationssystem im Internet. Weltweit bieten zahlreiche Myrmekologen brauchbare Informationen in Form von Textbeiträgen, Bildern und Datenbanken an. Ein guter Teil der Information beschäftigt sich mit regionalen Faunen bzw. biogeographischen Regionen, z.B. in Form von Artenlisten und Verbreitungskarten. Viele Internetseiten handeln auch spezielle Ameisentaxa ab, stellen dichotome oder gar interaktive Bestimmungsschlüssel vor und offerieren ausführliche Informationen zur Biologie und Verbreitung der Arten. Die Texte werden häufig durch Bilder präparierter oder lebender Ameisen ergänzt.
    [Show full text]