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Formación De Neologismos En Ciencia Del Suelo

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Formación De Neologismos En Ciencia Del Suelo Formación de neologismos en Ciencia del Suelo Formation of Soil Science neologisms Formação de neologismos em Ciência do Solo AUTORES Received: 01.06.2012 Revised: 19.06.2012 Accepted: 20.06.2012 @ 1 Porta J. [email protected]. cat RESUMEN 2 Desde el Congreso de Roma de 1924, en el que la comunidad cientí!ca decidió utilizar la expresión Villanueva D. Soil Science en lugar de Pedology o Edaphology, no se ha llegado a establecer criterios para la formación en español de neologismos referentes! "# al estudio del suelo."$%#& En inglés, los nuevos términos se forman dando prioridad a la raíz griega ! " frente a la raíz # . Este criterio, que se ha consolidado !!"#" con el uso, no tiene en cuenta que en griego el término se"$%#& re!ere al suelo sobre el que se anda y @ Corresponding no al suelo en el que crecen las plantas, expresado por el término # . En el presente trabajo, desde Author una perspectiva etimológica, semántica y de pragmática lingüística, se proponen criterios para la 1 Sociedad Española formación de neologismos en español o al establecer equivalencias en español de voces introducidas de la Ciencia del en inglés. El análisis se basa en voces de autoridad; en elementos etimológicos; en aspectos de am- Suelo. Universitat de Lleida. Rovira Roure bigüedad fonética y ortográ!ca; en la revisión de equivalencias entre términos similares en español, 191, 25198 Lleida, inglés y francés; en el ámbito universitario; en la denominación de las sociedades y revistas cientí!cas; España. y en aspectos de buen gusto idiomático en determinados ámbitos geográ!cos del español. No existe 2 Real Academia ninguna intención polémica y el trabajo intenta ser una aportación desde la palmaria aceptación de Española. Felipe IV 4, que pueden existir modalidades muy arraigadas en algunos paises que tienen el español como idioma 28014 Madrid. propio. Modalidades que deberían referirse como denominaciones de un ámbito geográ!co concreto, de acuerdo con las especi!cidades semánticas regionales de la lengua española en América. ABSTRACT Since the IUSS Rome Congress in 1924, where the scienti!c community decided to use the expression Soil Science instead of Pedology or Edaphology, criteria for the formation of new words in Spanish concerning the! "#study of the soil have not been established. New terms in English are formed by giving priority to the Greek root ! " in front #"$%#& !!"#" of the root . "is criterion does not take into account the fact that in Greek"$%#& the term refers to the soil we walk on and not to the soil where plants grow, which is expressed by the term # . "is paper proposes criteria based on etymological, semantic and pragmatic linguistics for the formation of new or the equivalent of English soil-related words in Spanish. "e analysis is based on: authorities in this !eld; etymological elements; aspects of phonetic and orthographic ambiguity; the equivalences between similar terms in English, Spanish and French; the usage of the expression at university level, by soil societies, and by scienti!c journals; and on aspects of linguistic good taste in certain geographic areas of Spanish language. "e scope of this paper is not to contest the use of terms already in existance, recognizing that there may be strongly entrenched terms in some countries having Spanish as their own language. "ese terms should be referred to as varieties for a particular geographical area according to the speci!c regional Spanish semantics in America. DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2012.V2.N2.06 SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 90 91 RESUMO PALABRAS Desde o Congresso de Roma de 1924, noqual a comunidade cientí!ca tomou a decisão de passar a usar a expressão CLAVE Soil Science em detrimento de Pedologia ou Edafologia, nunca se estabeleceram critérios para a criação de neologis- Edafología, mos em espanhol relativos ao estudo do solo. Em inglês, os novos termos formaram-se dando prioridade à raíz grega pedología, ! "# "$%#& ! "# terminología ! " face à raíz # . Este critério não teve contudo em consideraçào que em grego o termo ! " se refere ao solo sobre o qual se caminha e não ao solo como suporte para crescimento das plantas. No presente trabalho, propõem- se critérios para a criação de neologismos em espanhol, numa perspectiva etimológica, semântica e de pragmática KEY WORDS linguística, estabelecendo-se equivalências em espanhol dos princípios introduzidos em língua inglesa. Esta análise Edaphology, baseia-se em princípios de autoridade; em elementos etimológicos; em aspectos de ambiguidade fonética e ortográ!- pedology, ca; na revisão de equvalências entre termos semelhantes em espanhol, inglês e francês; no âmbito universitário; na terminology denominação das sociedades e revistas cientí!cas; em aspectos de bom gosto idiomático em determinados contextos geográ!cos da língua espanhola. Não existe nenhuma intenção polèmica e o trabalho tenta ser uma contribuição PALAVRAS! assumindo o pressuposto que podem existir termos demasiado arriscados em alguns países que utilizam o espanhol CHAVE como idioma próprio. Esses termos deveriam referir-se como designações de um âmbito geográ!co concreto, de acor- Edafologia, do com as especi!cidades semânticas regionais da língua espanhola na América. pedologia, termonologia SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 90 91 [ FORMACIÓN DE NEOLOGISMOS EN CIENCIA DEL SUELO ] 1. Introducción Al iniciarse el siglo XXI se puede considerar no se aceptaron los términos Edaphology y suficientemente establecido el término utilizado Pedology, por considerar que sólo abarcaban para designar el «conjunto de conocimientos aspectos parciales. Se adoptó la expresión Soil referentes al suelo obtenidos mediante la obser- Science, de manera que el siguiente congreso vación y el razonamiento, sistemáticamente es- celebrado en Washington en 1927 fue ya el First tructurados y de los que se deducen principios International Congress of International Society y leyes generales referentes al suelo». A este of Soil Science. respecto, en el ámbito anglosajón se utiliza la expresión Soil Science, mientras que en la En los distintos ámbitos geográficos en los que mayoría de países hispanohablantes (España, el español es la lengua propia, no ha quedado México, Uruguay, entre otros) se ha generalizado resuelto desde un punto de vista terminológico el uso del término Edafología y de Ciencia del cuál es la voz a utilizar como preferente, para Suelo como sinónimos. denominar el ámbito científico cuyo objetivo es el suelo. Tampoco se ha llegado a establecer cri- El presente trabajo no pretende reabrir el de- terio para la formación de neologismos referen- bate que tuvo lugar en 1924 con ocasión de la tes al estudio del suelo, lo que resulta de mayor Fourth Internacional Conference on Pedology, actualidad e importancia. El debate sigue abierto celebrada en Roma y en la que se creó la Inter- y a él se pretende contribuir con el presente national Society of Soil Science (ISSS) (Yaalon trabajo. y Berlowicz 1997). Conferencia a la que asistió invitado Emilio Huguet del Villar, que llegaría a Una de las misiones del profesorado universita- ser Presidente de la Subcomisión de la Región rio consiste en participar en la introducción de Mediterránea de la International Society of terminología correcta en la lengua de trabajo Soil Science. En aquel momento concurrían y de sus estudiantes y futuros profesionales, a competían los términos en uso: Agrogeology y medida que surgen nuevos conceptos y posi- Agrology (López-Vidaur 1903; Dantín-Cereceda bilidades (Santamarina y Díaz-Fierros 1978). 1923; León-Garre 1951; Boulaine 1971; Sunyer El presente trabajo se plantea con el objetivo 1996), términos que se pretendía abandonar; de investigar las bases etimológicas, semánti- Pedology, voz utilizada por primera vez por el cas y de pragmática lingüística a utilizar en la científico alemán Friederich Albert Fallou (1794- formación de neologismos en español y en el 1877) en su obra Pedologie; oder allgemeine establecimiento de equivalencias con los que und besondere Bodenkunde publicada en 1862 de forma continuada se introducen en inglés, (Fallou 1862); Edaphology, término propuesto lengua que otorga preferencia a la utilización por el científico rumano Stchussien; y Soil de la raíz griega !!"#" frente a la raíz #"$%#&. El Science. Todas ellas eran voces propuestas análisis y la discusión se plantean desde una para dar nombre al ámbito científico cuyo objeto perspectiva científica y lexicográfica y sin nin- de estudio es el suelo, habiendo sido el científi- guna intención polémica, y desde la palmaria co ruso Vasili V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903) el fun- aceptación de que pueden existir modalidades dador de la ciencia del suelo genética moderna, muy arraigadas en algunos paises que tienen el introduciendo el estudio del suelo como ciencia español como idioma propio. Modalidades que independiente a finales del siglo XIX (Krupe- deberían referirse como denominaciones de un nikov 1993; Díaz-Fierros 2011). ámbito geográfico concreto, de acuerdo con las especificidades semánticas regionales de la La expresión Soil Science había sido acuñada lengua española en América. a finales del siglo XIX en Estados Unidos y había sido el rubro elegido por Jacob G. Lipman al fundar en 1916 la que llegaría a ser una de las revistas científicas de mayor prestigio en el ámbito. Expresión equivalente a la voz Boden- kunde en alemán. En la Conferencia de 1924 SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 SJSS. SPANISH JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE YEAR 2012 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 92 93 [ PORTA J. Y VILLANUEVA D. ] 2. Material y Métodos 3. Resultados y Discusión A tal fin se ha recurrido a las fuentes que la El estudio realizado no se centra exclusiva- historia de estas disciplinas ofrece, así como mente en las voces Edafología, Pedología y a la ciencia etimológica y lexicográfica.
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