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BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL The Official Journal of the International Union of Biological Sciences Editor: John R. Jungck, Department of Biology, Beloit College, 700 College Street, Beloit , WI 53511, USA, e-mail: [email protected] Associate Editor: Lorna Holtman, Deputy Dean, Zoology Department, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Republic of South Africa, e-mail: [email protected] Managing Editor: Sue Risseeuw, Department of Biology, Beloit College, 700 College Street, Beloit , WI 53511, USA, e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Giorgio Bernardi, Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze, via Peter G. Kevan, Department of Environmental Biology L. Spallanzani 5/a, 00161 Rome, Italy University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N3C 2B7, Canada e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] John Buckeridge, RMIT University School of Civil, Nicholas Mascie Taylor, Department of Biological Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Building 10, Anthropology, University of Cambridge level 12, 376-392 Swanston Street Melbourne e-mail: [email protected] GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia e-mail: [email protected] Ralf Reski, Head, Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1 Zhibin Zhang, Director, Institute of Zoology, Chinese D-79104 Freiburg Germany Acadmey of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Lily Rodriguez, Sede Servicio Nacional de Areas Jean-Marc Jallon, Institut de Biologie Animale Naturales Protegidas, Ministerio del Ambiente, Lima 27, Intégrative et Cellulaire (IBAIC), Bât. 446, UPS-Orsay, Peru 91405 Orsay e-mail: [email protected] France e-mail: [email protected] Hussein Samir Salama, National Research Centre, Plant Protection Department, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Annelies Pierrot-Bults, Institute for Biodiversity and 12311 Cairo, Egypt Ecosystems Dynamics, Zoological Museum, University of e-mail: [email protected] Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam The Netherlands Nils Chr. Senseth, Centre for Ecological & Evolutionary e-mail: [email protected] Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1050, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Peter Birò, Balaton Limnological Research Institute e-mail: [email protected] Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany 8237, Hungary e-mail: [email protected] Hiroyuki Takeda, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo Yury Degbuadze, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky e-mail: [email protected] Prospect, 119071 Moscow V-71, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Jen-Leih Wu, Academia Sinica, n°128, Sec 2, Academia rd, Taipei, Taiwan Raghavendra Gadakar, Center for Ecological Science, e-mail: [email protected] Bangalore 560 012, India e-mail: [email protected] Nathalie Fomproix, IUBS, Bat 442, Université Paris-Sud 11, 91 405 Orsay Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] Signed articles express the opinion of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors of Biology International. Prospective authors should send an outline of the proposed article to the Editors, with a letter explaining why the subject might be of interest to readers. © 2010 International Union of Biological Sciences ISSN 02532069 Biology International No. 47 (September 2010) Darwin 200: Evolution in Action Celebrating Darwin’s 200th Birthday and the 150th Anniversary of the publication of Origin of Species Editorial: John R. Jungck, Editor 3 “International Union of Biological Sciences BioEd 2009: Darwin 200” Perspectives: Buckeridge, John. Barnacles, Biologists, Bigots, and Natural Australia 5 Selection…Confound and Exterminate the Whole Tribe! Penny, David. 20 Points on the Structure and Testability of Darwin’s New Zealand 11 Theory. Lockhart, Peter and Claudia Voelckel. Lessons from Darwin’s New Zealand 36 Laboratory. Giordan, André. Teaching and Communicating Evolution: Proposals for Switzerland 40 Innovative Approaches and Didactic Researches. Ross, Pauline M., Charlotte E. Taylor, Chris Hughes, Noel Whitaker, Australia 47 Louise Lutze-Mann, Michelle Kofod, and Vicky Tzioumis. Threshold Concepts in Learning Biology and Evolution. Sterelny, Kim. Human Natures. New Zealand 55 Atchia, Michael. Dodos Don’t Duck: Recent Views on the Life and Mauritius 64 Demise of the Dodo (Raphus cucullatus), in the Context of Natural Selection. High School Education: Leveque, Guy. Assisting Darwin Digitally. France 67 Lombard, Francois, and Marie-Claude Blatter. Adapting Teacher Training Switzerland 70 to Evolution Research Approaches. Stewart, Jim, Cindy Passmore, and Jennifer Carter. Modeling for USA 78 Understanding in Science Education (Project MUSE : Involving High School Students in Evolutionary Biology with Realistic Problems and Causal Models. Fissenden, Joanna. How to Become Pebbles and Bam Bam (or a practical New Zealand 91 approach to human evolution. Cruickshank, Robert H. Teaching “Tree Thinking.” New Zealand 96 Holtman, Lorna. The Teaching of Evolution in South African Schools: South Africa 102 Challenges and Opportunities. University Education: Weisstein, Anton. The Case of the Protective Protein: Using a Population USA 109 Genetics Simulation in an Undergraduate Lab Course to Test Hypotheses for the Evolution of an HIV Resistance Allele. Zinoviev, Andrei V. Evolutionary Education: An Example from Russia. Russia 117 Jungck, John R. Evolution in Action: Quantitative Evolutionary Biology USA 121 Education. Evolutionary Studies Important for Education: Winkworth, Richard C. Darwin and Dispersal. Fiji 139 Cover: The cover art was generated by artist Ann Adams of AdamsDesign especially for IUBS BioEd 2009. Editorial: International Union of Biological Sciences BioEd 2009: Darwin 200 The International Union of Biological Sciences BioED 2009 brought together an international can safely claim to have been the first community of professionals interested in international conference to celebrate the 200th science, secondary and tertiary education. Since birthday of Charles Darwin on February 12th, 2009 was not only the 200th anniversary of 2009, by virtue of having held its "Darwin 200: Charles Darwin's birth, but also the 150th Evolution in Action" meeting of BioEd 2009 in anniversary of the publication of the "Origin of Christchurch, New Zealand, that is, just across Species," the life and legacy of Charles Darwin the International Date Line. The meeting was was at the heart of the meeting. BioEd 2009 one of the coordinated international events promoted understanding of current research and celebrating the birth of Charles Darwin: education about biodiversity and the importance “Darwin 200 Symposia”. The aim of “Darwin of evolutionary biology in science and society 200 Symposia” was to celebrate the impact of through an international exchange of ideas and Darwin’s ideas on current scientific knowledge, knowledge. It embraced multiple cultural with scientific symposia and satellite meetings perspectives, technological advances, curricular taking place on five continents. These meetings practices and materials, informal education, and were run under the auspices of the International curiosity of the natural world. Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the IUBS Commission for Biological Education (CBE), New Zealand offered a wonderful venue because and the United Nations Educational, Scientific it was part of "Darwin's Laboratory," i.e., it was and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). one of the stops of Darwin's circumnavigation of the globe on the H.M.S. Beagle and his The Commission for Biological Education of extensive time in the southern Pacific Ocean; it IUBS was established in the early seventies as has a complex ecosystem that undergoes rapid the Union's educational arm. Its major role is to evolutionary change because of volcanism and formulate, initiate and facilitate effective rapid movement by plate tectonics; it has one of methods of improving education in the the best defined geological sites for studying the biological sciences and allied fields, including K-T boundary; and it is home to some flora and the applications and implications of biological fauna known as living fossils such as the studies. The Commission is also committed to Tuatara. Simultaneous sessions reported on assist in the international dissemination and biodiversity of the Pacific region, the uses of exchange of information about biological evolutionary problem solving in plant and education and it acts in a consultative capacity animal breeding, drug and vaccine development, when appropriate. The local host for the protecting biodiversity and avoiding extinction organization of the meetings was the Allan or impact of invasive species, understanding the Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and origins of humans and other species, etc. Evolution, a center of excellence for research in New Zealand. Two Allan Wilson Centre leaders, Delegates from twenty-seven countries Professors Peter Lockhart and David Penny, and participated in the celebration complete with Executive Director Susan Adams (who also is birthday cake, two plays on Darwin's life and Secretary of the IUBS Commission for evolutionary education, and a welcoming dance Biological Education) did a superb job in by Maori performers. A highlight of the social recruiting speakers, raising financial support, programme for
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