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Notes Du Mont Royal ← Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Google Livres SECONDE SÉRIE DE LA BIBLIOTHÈQUE llTlNE-FBANGAISE DEPUIS ADRIEN JUSQU’À GRÉGOIBE DE TOURS publiée PAR C. L. F. PANCKOUCKE IMPRIMERIE I’A NCKOUCKE . me des Poitevins. 14. éOEUVRESp DE MACROBE l ÉWWLL 0, gammé? au C w du , i (sa [fa’t’fl’iv Il an nuent"! KDDVIIJJZ PAR MM. HENRI DESCAMPS N. A. DUBOIS, LAASS D’AGUEN A. UBICINI MARTELLI TOME DEUXIÈME L ’ PARIS c. L. F. PANCVKOUCKE, .ÉDITEUR, ("menin ne L’ORDRE hotu. DE LA micron n’nonnnuu nunnus roITEvms, ’14 4345 ?A447r fixb? EV.,2,lr4f LES SATURNALES LIVRES V, V1, V" TRADUCTION NOUVELLE PAR M. HENRI DESCAMPS CLflSS ne... nu urinal! un. un: unau-n un ...... nus-v. MACBOBII * SATURNALIORUM LIBEB QUI NTUS. l. Si non aliis, hoc cerle præferendum esse Ciceroni Virgilium, quod ille in une lanlnm , hic omnibus dicendi generibus excelluerit. De quatuor gene- ribus dicendi, deque duplici stylo. POST hæc quum paulisper Eusebius quievisset; omnes inter se consona murmure, Virgilium non minus orato- rem quam poetam habendum pronuntiabant; in quo-et tanta orandi disciplina, et tam diligens observatio rhe- toricæ artis ostenderetur. Et Avienus , Dicas mihi , inquit, volo, doctorum op- time, si concedimus, sicuti necesse est, oratorem fuisse Virgilium, si quis nunc velit orandi artem consequi, utrum magis ex Virgilio an ex Cicerone proficiat? Video quid agas, inquit Eusebius , quid intendas quo me trabere coneris , eo scilicet quo minime volo, ad com- parationem Maronis et Tullii. Verecunde enim interro- gasti uter eorum præstantior, quandoquidem necessario is plurimum collaturus sit, qui ipse plurimum præstat; sed istam mihi necessitatem altam et profundam remittas volo : quia non nostrum inter illos tantas componere lites; nec ausim in ulramvis partem talis sententiæ auctor wnmntonscltlstnlnnlan nnntntlnttxnnnlnnnnaunhn nom-lmllInnwmtolnmblmnlfintltnmvln’ LES SATUBNALES DE MACBOBE LIVRE CINQUIÈME. l. Virgile doit être préféré à Cicéron , sinon sous tous les rapports, du moins parce qu’il a brillé dans tous les genres (l’éloquence , tandis que Cicéron n’a V excellé que dans un Seul. Des quatre genres d’éloquence et des deux sortes de style. APRÈS ces paroles, Eusèbe se reposa un moment; Tous les assistants, d’un accord unanime, déclarèrent que Virgile devait être estimé autant comme orateur que comme poète , lui qui se faisait remarquer par une si grande science de la parole et par un respect si scru- pnleux des principes de l’art oratoire. Alors Avienus, s’adressant à Eusèbe: Je voudrais sa- voir de vous , mon cher maître , dit-il , tout en vous accor- dant naturellement que Virgile est orateur, s’il y aurait , pour celui qui voudrait étudier l’art de la parole , plus (le profit à retirer de Virgile (lucide Çigeron. Je vois , dit Eusèbe , ce que vous voulez faire , où vous allez , où vous vous efforcez de m’entraîner, c’est-à-dire la ou je voudrais le moins arriver, à la comparaison de Virgile et de Cicéron. Vous m’avez demandé habilement lequel des deux l’emportait, parce que celui-là sera né- cessairement le plus utile qui l’emportera sur l’autre. Mais dispensez-moi , je vous prie , de cette tache si difficile et si épineuse , car il ne nous appartient pas de juger entre deux adversaires pareils d’aussi grands procès. Je n’ose- rais paraitre avoir formulé un arrêt aussi redoutable soit 8 SATUBNALIOBUM LIE. v. videri; hoc solum audebo dixisse quia facundia Man- tuaniI multiplex et multiformis est, et dicendi genus omne complectitur; ecce enim in Gicerone vestro unns eloquentiæ tenor est ille abundans, et torrens, et copiosus ; oratorum autem non simplex nec una natnra est: sed hic finit et redundat; contra ille breviter et circumcise dicere afi’ectat; tennis quidam et siccus et sobrius amat quem- dam dicendi frugalitatem; alius pingui et luculenta et florida oratione lascivit. In qua tanta omnium dissimi- litudine unus omnino Virgilius invenitur qui cloquen- tiam ex omni genere conflaverit. Respondit Avienus : Apertins vellem me bas diversi- tates sub personarum exemplis doceres. Quatuor sunt, inqnit Eusebius, genera dicendi : co- piosum , in quo Cicero dominatur; breve , in quo Salu- lustius regnat; siccum, quod Frontoni adscribitur’; pingue et floridum, in quo Plinius Secundus quondam, et nunc nullo veterum minor noster Symmachns luxu- riatur. Sed apud unum Maronem hœc quatuor genera reperies. Vis audire illum tanta brevitate dicentem, ut arctari magis et contrahi brevitas ipsa non possit Pr El campos ubi Troja fuit. (ÆnJib. m. v. a.) Ecce paucissimis verbis maximam civitatem hausit et absorpsit : non reliqnit illi nec ruinam; vis hoc ipsum copiosissime dicat? LES SATURNALES. LIV. V. 9 pour l’une, soit pour l’autre des deux parties. J ’oserai dire seulement que l’éloquence du poète de Mantoue est variée , qu’elle prend toutes les formes, et qu’elle em- brasse l’art tout entier de la parole. Voyez cependant dans votre Cicéron; c’est un seul genre d’éloqnence , mais comme il est abondant , entraînant et riche ! Chaque orateur a une nature à lui, nature composée et multiple. Celui-ci a un style qui coule et déborde; celui-là, au contraire, a l’habitude de s’exprimer avec brièveté et con- cision. L’un, exact et sobre , affectionne une sorte de frugalité oratoire; l’autre porte jusqu’à la licence l’élo- quence plantureuse, éclatante et fleurie. Au milieu d’une si grande dissemblance entre tous ces orateurs , on ne trouve absolument que Virgile dont la veine se soit allu- mée à tous les gâilièsÀd’éloquence. Je voudrais , répondit Avienus , que vous me montras- siez plus évidemment ces difl’e’rences par des exemples tirés des auteurs. Il y a , dit Eusèbe , quatre genres d’éloquence : le genre abondant , dans lequel Cicéron est le maître; le genre concis , dans lequel Salluste est au premier rang ;le genre froid, qui est celui de Fronton; le genre luxuriant et fleuri, qui était autrefois le triomphe de Pline Second , et dans lequel maintenant notre Symmaque ne le cède à aucun des anciens. Mais c’est chez Virgile seul que vous retrouverez ces quatre genres. Voulez-vous l’entendre parler avec tant de brièveté , que la brièveté elle-même ne peut être ni plus resserrée ni plus condensée? « Et les champs où fut Troie. » Voilà comment , dans le moins de paroles possible , Virgile absorbe et fait disparaître l’une des plus grandes villes du monde. Il ne lui laisse même pas l’aspect de la ruine. Voulez-vous , dans le même sujet , l’entendre s’exprimer avec abondance? l0 SATURNALIORUM LIB. V. Venit summa dies et ineluctabile fatum, Dardanidæ; fuimus Trocs, fuit Ilium , et ingcus Gloria Teucrorum. Ferns omnia Jupiter Argos Transtnlit ; incensa Danai dominantur in orbe. ’ (En. lib. il, v. au.) 0 patria 1:0 divnm domus Ilium , et inclyta hello Mœnia Dardanidum! (Æn. lib. il. v. au ) Quis cladem illius noctis , quis fanera l’ando Explicet Pgaut possit lacrymis æquare dolorem? Urbs antiqua ruit multos dominala per annos. HÆn. lib. il. v. au.) Quis fous , quis torrens , quod mare tot fluctibus , quot hic verbis inundavit! Cedo nunc siccum illud genus e10- cutionis : Turnns ut antevolans tardnm præcessernt agmen Viginti lectis equitum comitatus, et urbi Improvisus adest , maculis quem Thracius albis Portat equus , cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra. (En. lib. Il , v. 51.) Hoc idem quo cultu , quam florida oratione , quum li- buerit, profertur! Forte sacer Cybelæ Choreus olimque sacerdos , Insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis, Spumantemque agitabat equum , quem pellis aenis In plumant squamis euro cousette tegebat. Ipse peregrina ferrugine clams et ostro Spicula torquebat Lycie Cortynia cornu , Pictus acu tunicas et barbara tegmina crurnm. (En. lib. xi. v. m.) Sed haec quidem inter se separata sunt. Vis autem vi- dere quemadmodum hæc quatuor genera dicendi Virgilius ipse permisceat, et faciat unum quoddam ex omni diver- sitate pulcherrimum temperamentnm? Sæpe etiam sterilcs incendere profuit agros, Atque levem stipulam crepitautibus urerc flammis. Sive inde occultas vires et pabula terræ Pinguia coucipillnt , sive illis omne per ignem Excoquitur vitinm , atque exsudat inutilis humor : LES SATURNALES. LIV. V. Il a Il est venu, le dernier jour, et le destin irrésistible des en- fants de Dardanus; nous autres Troyens, nous sommes morts , Ilion n’est plus , ni la grande gloire des descendants de Tencer. Le cruel Jupiter a tout transporté à Argos. Les Grecs sont les mai- tres dans la ville en feu. u a 0 patrie! ô Ilion , séjour des dieux! ô murs de Troie, illus- trés par la guerre! » a Qui pourrait raconter les désastres de cette nuit, et tant de morts? qui pourrait verser assez de larmes pour être à la han- teur d’une douleur pareille? Celte ville antique s’écroule, après avoir été le siégé de la puissance pendant tant d’années. n Quelle source , quel torrent, quelle mer laisse échap- per autant de flots que le poète de paroles l Voici main- tenant le genre d’éloquence que j’appelle froid : a Turnns, avec la vitesse du vol, avait devancé la marche ap- pesantie de l’armée, accompagné de vingt cavaliers d’élite. Il arrivaà l’improviste aux pieds de la ville. Il est monté sur un cheval de Thrace tacheté de blanc. Un panache ronge flotte sur son casque d’or. » Avec quelle élégance, quelle abondance fleurie , quand il le veut , il s’étend sur le même sujet ! a Chorens le consacré, autrefois prêtre de Cybèle , brillait au loin remarquable par ses armes de Phrygie. Il échauffait avec l’éperon son cheval écumant, dont la housse était une peau cou- verte d’or et d’écailles d’airain , en forme de plumage.
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