sign in sign up
<<
Home , Cyril of Jerusalem

St. Cyril of ’s Mystagogical Catecheses .... 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM deal with the social 37 San Beda College San Beda the Modern World the Modern Fr. Angelo S. Legal, OSB S. Legal, Angelo Fr. ust as there is an abundance of grains of sand in the sea, so there have been numerous theologies of a garment of light; a holy indissoluble seal; the delight of Paradise; Paradise; of delight the seal; indissoluble holy a light; of garment a gift of adoption. the Kingdom; the into a welcome Baptism that lies before you: a ransom to captives; captives; to ransom a you: before lies Baptism that soul; of the birth sin; a new to a death of offences; a remission J to This paper is first of all, an attempt Unlike Unlike St. John of Damascene whose theology focuses on The heart of Cyril’s and theology of Cyril on Baptism Baptism on Cyril of theology and catechesis Cyril’s of heart The St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses in Catecheses Mystagogical St. of Jerusalem’s Cyril and historical milieu of city of Jerusalem, that contributed to the life, challenges, and the writing of the of Mystagogical St. Catechesis Cyril of Jerusalem. Second, it is an attempt to reveal the events, events, places and also he had written about the importance has different believes that the research catechumens; instruction of understanding deeper a towards believers faithful the of life the in and identity as Christian. of their faith the exposition of the Orthodox Chrysostom Faith had in written general, several and homilies St. of John different topic of were delivered. delivered. were 16: in the Procatecheses is found Jerusalem is one of those Fathers of the who had devoted a devoted had who Church the of Fathers those of one is Jerusalem twenty- famous His instructions. catechetical to time of deal great instructions contain delivered, he which lectures, catechetical four full are They practice. and faith Christian of topics principal the on they whom to catechumens the for care and love pastoral warm of throughout throughout the centuries. Each of the of early Fathers the Church developed his own theology relevant needs of to the community the he administered and preached. identity Cyril of and the Introduction Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 37 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 38 Legal... to the celebration of the , it is to show the structureand the showto is it Eucharist, the celebrationof the to to tries this Fourth, Jerusalem. manifest the ancient Structure of the Baptismal rite and fifth, in with regards the of some structure of his Mystagogical Catecheses. Third, the paper present (Nottingham: Grove Books Limited, 1989)5. monotheistic large three the of memories and dreams dream” hopes, a idea, an remains) (and was “Jerusalem . of center a as development its and Jerusalem of Hagiopolis the of contexthistorical and social the of lens the throughexamined be must 348-387), (Bishop Jerusalem MystagogicalCatecheses, toattributedwholepart in Cyrilin or of The Social-Historical MilieuofCyril ofJerusalem the motherofusall”(no.17:14). the is whereCatholic Church. For this is the peculiar name of this Holy but Church, is, Church the where merely nor Lord), the houses of dens own their call to attempt also profane the of sects inquirecities, simplynot where Lord’sthe (for is other House the get lossofhis/herfaith. these without Because faith. writings (like of of St. Cyril and other ) maturity one will easily better a for faith her his/ of roots believersthe to back the go to for /Christians the important especially really is it Thus, faith. Christian of understanding better a towards developed further and time his the ’s teaching is based on religious facts that he lived during writings are also part of this different religious ideology. But again, other denominations. It might be also true or that for Christ) some, St. Jesus Cyril’s new the is he of that claims that (who Quibuloy Apollo like ideology different from or news religious different from get they what with contented easily are who believers faith their towards believers of changes daring and both many the of St. of Spirituality Baptismal Cyril’s Mystagogical Catecheses. possible the develop to attempts paper the Finally, . Jerusalem the of development the h ivsiain f h fut cnuy aehss and Catecheses century fourth the of investigation The in sojourning “Andarestates: youevercatechesis Cyril’sif St. because important so is Catechesis Mystagogical Cyril’s St. 1 John F. Baldovin, Liturgy inAncient Jerusalem,/GROW Liturgical Study 9 38 1 eas i rpeet the represents it because 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

2

4 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM 39

3 Edward Yarnold, S.J. The Awe Inspiring Rites of Initiation. 2nd ed. (Collegeville: of Initiation. 2nd ed. (Collegeville: Inspiring Rites S.J. The Awe Yarnold, Edward Ibid., 68. Wm Rapid: 7. (Grand vol. Nicene Father, Post The Nicene and Gifford, Hamilton Edwin 2 3 4 Cyril was exiled three times within the course of approximately approximately of course the within times three exiled was Cyril Additionally, Additionally, the tumultuous character of Cyril’s episcopos Liturgical Press, 1994) 67-68. Press, Liturgical Publishing Co., 1983). viii. B. Eerdmans 20 years: the first time was in 357, after being Synod of Jerusalem; deposed followed by a second by exile in 360, the instigated which longest, his — exile third a by 367, in finally, and Acacius; by It only was lasted — . 11 the Emperor by years Philo-Arian Arian and Semi-Arian controversies, with himself he which found Arian controversies, and Semi-Arian often in tension. He attempted to maintain a middle course; this leading to look caused others at to him with suspicion, eventually an of because Jerusalem of See the from disposition three-time his Arians and Semi-Arians. toward alleged association/sympathy into into the framework that forms the text of Cyril’s Lectures. In his lifetime, Cyril believed to be a native of Jerusalem, witnessed the transformation of the city from a Council, virtual Nicene nonentity the to of a wake budding the in was episcopacy Cyril’s populous. the amid and Father, the in one as divinity Christ’s declared which comprising the Church of the Holy Sepulcher (dedicated in year 335), the stational and the general liturgical practices of the Church of Jerusalem and surrounding churches were taken pilgrims. home by and the challenges to doctrine of the day provide some insight Pilgrims from all the over ancient world looked to Jerusalem as a symbol of Christianity itself. The liturgy celebrated in Jerusalem became significantly influenced by the onslaught of pilgrims who brought their own worshipping practices and customs. Further, the experience of the grandeur of the complex of buildings that it was the place of Christ’s earthly life, death and resurrection. resurrection. and death life, earthly Christ’s of place the was it that This natural disposition was intensified by the “discovery” of the true cross by Emperor Constantine’s mother (as legend has it), Constantine’s own infatuation with the city and his endeavor to build the basilica of the Holy Sepulcher and other holy shrines. faith systems of Christians, Muslims and Jewish people. One might might One people. Jewish and Muslims Christians, of systems faith say that Jerusalem was destined to become an aim of faith-filled Christian pilgrims longing to walk where their Lord had walked. The historical attraction of Jerusalem was natural, given the fact Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 39 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 40 Legal... his faithful. definitively could among peace and restoreunity Cyriland See his of possession resume that death, Emperor’s the after 378, in liturgical_rites_east_and_we st_and_homiletics Jerusalem. Christian Classics,vol IV. (Philadelphia:The Wesminster Press, 1955)29. of standardization islargely complete by the12thcentury. process The status. dominant nonetheless still but exclusive less a achieve East the in and others supplant West the in which rites certain eventualof predominancean note Westwe East and In places. between translocation and influence enduring an for in particular places and regions albeit that there is strong evidence unity and disunity, we see a growing adherence to particular rites error,of and trial both of result a be century,however,as doubtless to not is he prayer, prevented, simple provided his prayer be and sound and Orthodox. By the shorter4th a pronounces and solemn prayer,a then offering all is well and and good. But if he prays length differently at praying of capable is he If ability. his to according pray and thanks give bishop the let usage: of diversity later the concerning bishop to in bishop from varied indeed than and periods fluid more deal good a was anaphora the Eucharistic of content actual the period earliest the in that shows later other in found worshipparts oftheEastandWest. and theology of shape the on worship Jerusalem century fourth of impact the determining in reference of point a as serve and Jerusalem of Church the of picture good relatively a offers context, historical of ‘window’ above the with ‘orthodox’ of of Council Second the in outlined doctrine the tocompared when category the in considered are episcopacy, his of alliance anyonset the at delivered of lectures, catechetical Cyril’s cleared heretics. with was name Cyril’s which during 381, in Cyril later participated in the Second Council at Constantinople n h ohr ad te psoi Taiin oe 0 years 80 some Tradition Apostolic the hand, other the On 8http://www.ancientfaith.com/specials/e_quip/historical_development_in_the_ 7 6 5 See above Baldovin, for amore in-depthlookatthedevelopment ofworship in William Telfer (ed).Cyril ofJerusalemandNemesius Emesa,intheLibrary of http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16ChrstChrch42.htm 5

6 in 318. The catechetical lectures of Cyril, coupled 7

40 8

12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

10 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM [candidates for Baptism]. Each 41

9 . (photizomenoi)

http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16ChrstChrch42.htm 9 10 As mentioned, the Catecheses of Cyril of Jerusalem are intended intended are Jerusalem of Cyril of Catecheses the mentioned, As This forms the basis of a process of initiation which to prayer Of the last five so-called “Mystagogical Catecheses,” the first Cyril Cyril of Jerusalem had written twenty-four (24) famous enlightened), the enrolled are reminded that the reminded enlightened), are they can enrolled be counted the spirit in which of the secrecy (the arcani disciplina the exorcisms of speaks he they Further, will received. be given should be the rites): “tell nothing to a stranger [not the even catechumens]; for we deliver to you even a the mystery, hope of life to come …” (Procat, 11). Besides being called photizomenoi (those to be These lessons were preparatory in nature. In this journey the of implications section, the regarding candidates Cyril the to speaks is there in an “already you embarked; odor on of which they have 1). (Procat, enlightened…” be to soon are who you O blessedness, He emphasizes the process of conversion, their call to holiness, the long period of forty days of repentance, the instruction and Baptism, and the Eucharist.Baptism, Confirmation and the for those preparing for eighteen baptism of and can set be a categorized is into two group first The years. thirty by separated groups Procatechesis. the entitled are three first the lectures; nineteen to two two develop a commentary on the rites of Baptism and the the and Christ of Blood and last Body the , the on focuses three Father Our the of explanation an include They Liturgy. Eucharistic dominica) (Oratio develops on a par with the initiation to the three of for for Baptism, conversion from pagan Symbol or the in morals, contained truths dogmatic 10 the Baptism, the of of the faith. The next catecheses tones. in anti-Arian the Jerusalem Creed on catechesis” (nn. 6-18) form an “ongoing catecheses catecheses that have been welcome, of preserved and Procatechesis which a he by Introduced delivered as A.D. 350 around Bishop the first 18 of these are addressed to catechumens, or candidates for illumination of the first ones (nn. 1-5) respectively treats the prerequisites The The Structure of the Jerusalem Mystagogical Catecheses of Cyril of Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 41 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 42 Legal... (Procat. 4). In the Procatechesis Cyril uncovers part of the aura of faithless”youthe of maywill have the not ‘faithful’but of title the action: faithless against “YoubewareHigh,arebut warnsareand Most children God’s the of that Cyril but faithful, God’s among Anointing” Worship 52,1(January, 1978).41. Cyril’s Mystagogical Catecheses. SPCK, 1970)Cited asDBL from thispointon. Tradition attributed to Hippolytus inTheDocumentsofBaptismalLiturgy 2ndedition (London: Limited, 1988). Initiation. Paul F. Bradshaw (ed.),Alcuin/GROW Liturgical Study (Nottingham: Grove Books the of catechetical individualan with sessionbegun exorcism, “receive the the earnest in whole of Each the Jerusalem. of Church comprise the in that used creed doctrine to of corresponds article lecture-topic specific the a of Each outline). topics for I appendix Creed(see Jerusalem the of explanation an primarilyof the sacraments regardless ofitsdevelopments. the understand faithful the make to church the of duty reallythe comprehend is it will faithful the how transforming grace of is God to most those who will matters receive the sacraments, what sacraments; the towards beliefs church of context the changed or merging oftheBaptismalTheologies‘womb’ and‘tomb.’ light,”of garment a and soul Africa and Rome. North of Theology Baptismal the representedin sin” to “dying or seen) seems to imply a theology of Baptism as “dying with Christ” Jordan,”the “rebirth in Baptism as Jesus’ Jerusalem. imitates that Baptism emphasize of East Church the in Eastern texts the earlier Where in evolution an indicate to of Baptismfor fourth centuryJerusalem,stating: Baptism and its effects, and thus offers us a glimpse of the theology h rmiig rbpiml etrs Ct I-VI) consist IV-XVIII) (Cat. Lectures Prebaptismal remaining The had that developments liturgical several were there Though, representedBaptism of theology The Catechesesthe in seems 14 13 12 11 a welcome into the Kingdom; the giftofadoption(Procat. 16). a garment of light; a holy indissoluble seal; the delight of Paradise; a remission ofoffences; adeath to sin;anew birth ofthe soul; Great isthe Baptismthat lies before you: aransom to captives; See Whitaker’s discussion oftheBaptismalLiturgy ofTertullian andtheApostolic Ruth A.Meyers, “TheStructure oftheSyrian BaptismalRite”, Essays inEarly Eastern Gabrielle Winkler, “TheOriginalMeaningandImplicationsofthePrebaptismal This transition willbediscussedfurtheralonginthepaperduringan examination of 12 However, Cyril also speaks of “a new birth of the 13 which may represent an evolution an represent may which 42 11 Cyril’s language (as language Cyril’s 14 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM

St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

16 It 17 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM …” Cyril’s goal in his Catecheses Catecheses his in goal Cyril’s …” 15 43 Pamela Jackson, “Cyril of Jerusalem’s Use of Scripture in Catechesis” Theological in Catechesis” Use of Scripture of Jerusalem’s “Cyril Jackson, Pamela on this information more For is the author. will assume Cyril our purposes we For Cat. V, 12. Taken from the textual translation provided by E.C. Whitaker, DBL, 27. E.C. Whitaker, by provided translation the textual from 12. Taken Cat. V, 16 17 15 The second group of Cyril’s lectures is his Mystagogical One final peculiarity proper to the catechumenate in Jerusalem Jerusalem in catechumenate the to proper peculiarity final One instruction the of length the indicate to evidence little is There Cyril Cyril tells us of the practice of Prebaptismal exorcisms Studies, 82 (1991) 436. of Cyril to Attributed Catecheses of the Mystagogical “The Authorship Yarnold, see Edward topic Journal, 19 (1978) 143-161 The Heythrop Jerusalem” Cyril’s Cyril’s episcopacy (about thirty years after the Catecheses) and may belong to or have been edited by Cyril’s John. successor, is Cyril’s MC that provide the greatest source of sacramental and century Jerusalem. of the fourth theology and practice liturgical Catecheses Catecheses (Mystagogical Catecheses), homilies which preached consist to of the week neophytes after baptism (See five appendix 1 for listing (newly of topics). The set baptized) in the of Mystagogical Catecheses is usually dated toward the end of the Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher beginning on the first Monday of Lent with the enrollment and examination (of the candidates concluded are and 4) (Procat. bishop the by life) of way their to as in close proximity to the (Cat. celebration be initiated 17). to are candidates of the Pascha when the and the catechesis of Cyril is his frequent places mention of themselves the in Holy his lectures. This Catecheses. Mystagogical is most evident in the of the photizomenoi, other than the Catecheses are delivered in the photizomenoi “to remember every phrase, and to rehearse it with diligence among yourselves, not writing it on but paper, by heart your on it graving memory is to connect the hearer to the saving plan of God from which the of life. in a deep conversion respond actively photizomenoi may associated associated with the Holy may Spirit be worthy of salvation as attained through Baptism. “purifying” After the one exorcism there is that the proclamation of scripture they and a At homily. the end of the the fifth tradition the lecture photizomenoi receive symboli (giving of the creed). Upon its reception, Cyril exhorts exorcisms exorcisms … for without exorcisms the soul cannot be purified… the to receive means of … salvation inspired by the Spirit of God” 9). (Procat. Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 43 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 44 Legal... Catecheses Mystagogical Cyril’s on based Jerusalem Ancient in Liturgy ie f ats isl. ee e e aohr lms o Cyril’s view ofthebuildingcomplex of the Holy Sepulcher. of glimpse another get we Here itself. Baptism of rite marvelous deedthroughout humanhistory. in people holy his for God of care privileged connections the the and sacraments through God drawing with encounter by ‘awesome’ most this experience between the unfolded preaching mystagogical Cyril’s God. by delivered” “marvelously were they plight of the Hebrews against the Egyptians and Pharaoh and how the recount to history…”continues Cyrilancient I). in figure(MC, in the presence of Satan renounced him: Now you must know this you entered the Baptistry, and there facing toward the West … and work throughoutsalvific history God’s – of the mystery neophytes the are to now it part connect of the and story: baptism of “First is considered thekey to theliving outoftheChristianlife. intimately is connected to Baptism a live.way of and being and enter becoming; for must Cyril, the neophyte experience the which into people a of history a – experiencelived a as but memorized, Catecheses by saying: the Baptismal Liturgy explained. Cyril begins his first Mystagogical was in this place that the neophytes came to have the mysteries of (resurrection-a Anastasis circular church constructed the around the tomb). in place took Catecheses Mystagogical the relics) or bones martyr’s a with connected chapel (a Martyrium the in hl Crls aehss r rpre t hv tkn place taken have to reported are Catecheses Cyril’s While In his second homily, on Romans 6:3-14, Cyril discusses the discusses Cyril 6:3-14, Romans on homily, second his In experience and rite the unpack Catecheses Mystagogical The be to doctrine specific a as not Christianity presents Cyril … of what you experienced on that evening of your baptism you exactly aboutthese things that you mayknow the deepmeaning teach myinfluence us of words fromlet experiencethisyournow … the to open more findingyou that season; this till waited I hearing, mysteries: butknowing well that seeingisfar morepersuasive than Church, to discourse you concerning these spiritual andheavenly 19 18 agolong I desired, dearlyand born true beloved children theof Whitaker, DBL,27. Edward Yarnold, TheAwe-inspiring Rites ofIniitation,68;seealsoAppendix IIIfor a 44 (MC, I) 19 .

18 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM It St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

21 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM versus assimilation to the 20 45 in the Jordan. Also included in this lecture, Cyril unpacks unpacks Cyril lecture, this in included Also Jordan. the in 22 E.J. Cutrone, “Cyril’s Mystagogical Catecheses and the Evolution of the Jerusalem and the Evolution Catecheses Mystagogical “Cyril’s E.J. Cutrone, 36. Anointing”, “The Original Meaning and Implications of the Prebaptismal Winkler, 54. Catecheses”, Mystagogical “Cyril’s Cutrone, 20 21 22 The Baptismal begins Rite with the photizomenoi being led to This connection of Romans 6 with Baptism is a clear shift O strange and inconceivable thing! We did not really die, we Anaphora” Orientalia Christiana Periodica XLIV (1978). Orientalia Christiana Periodica Anaphora” of Clothing (a likeness to the first formed ). Next, they receive receive they Next, Adam). formed first the to likeness (a Clothing of a Prebaptismal Anointing from head to toe with Cyril Further exorcized oil influence). hostile (a of trace every away drive to charm tells of its purpose: “the oil exorcized such receives virtue by the invocation of God and as by not prayer, only to burn and cleanse of powers invisible the all away chase to but sin, of traces the away Structure of the Baptismal Rite of the Baptismal Structure they Renounce facing West, where the of vestibule the baptistery, Stripped are East the face to turning then pomps, his all and Satan Christ’s suffering and death, and in the , the Baptism Christ of the rite of Baptism from which we gain a detailed account of its structure. that ritual as the place where the Christ individual in is his central identified saving activity” with Messiah or entry into the eschatological kingship of the Christ. The ritual encounter with the saving activity of Christ’s suffering and death is not understood by as Cyril a re-enactment, but as an encounter with Christ’s saving deeds: represented in the water, in theological resurrection and development death Christ’s in of mystery the the between correlation East. With little exception, and Baptism was a Roman and North African trait. Here we have a major portion of mystagogy that links one’s baptismal identity with that of Christ’s death and resurrection. “Cyril understands Christ was actually crucified, and actually buried and we, that truly us, upon rose bestowed freely has he things these all and again sharing his sufferings by imitation, in might gain reality salvation (MC II, 6). Baptismal Theology: Baptismal were not really buried, we were reality. not in salvation our really and figure crucified a in was and imitation our but again, raised Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 45 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 46 Legal... are purification and remission of sin. This is followed by the Water to the neophytes that the full effects of the Prebaptismal Anointing beforeEast the in unknownCyril. is Anointing Prebaptismal the exorcisticof natureThe 3). II, (MC one” evil the 28-29. of thename. liveworthytolife them a exhorts and 5) III, Christian”(MC called rightful title: “Having been anointed with the Holy Chrism you are their of neophytes the reminds Cyril 1-3). III, (MC Spirit Holy the of armor the on put have thus and Christ in partakers made and neophytes too were anointed as Christ was anointed by the Father the fullness of the Holy Spirit came to rest upon him, likewise, the and Jordan the of waters the from up came Christ As 4). (MC,III, devil the by assaults further any against armor an as breast the nostrils that they may without know they are the sweet be savor of Christ, mayand the mysteries,divine receive theythe might they that ears the that shame, forehead the effect: an symbolized oil) (aromatic myron or chrisma holy with anointed are neophytes Priesthood. and kingship Messianic conveying as baptism Jordan the of images Syrian early the preserves he where Cyril, Christ’s three days inthetomb. of imitation an as immersion threefold the rather,connects Cyril However,God. clearlynot Trinitarianis a this Formula; Baptismal Bath: 26 h caatrsis f h Jrslm ats Rta - the -- Ritual Baptism Jerusalem the of characteristics The It is in the Postbaptismal Anointing, unknown in the East before The neophytes being baptized profess their faith in the Triune n h frha, as nsrl ad rat ec aspect each breast; and nostrils ears, forehead, the on of Salvation was atonce your grace andYour mother (MC, II,4). Waterthe … Christ of burial of days threethe at symbol a by hinting also here again; ascended and water the into times three descended and … Spirit Holy the of and Son the of Father,and the of name the our eyes. And each ofyou were asked, whether heorshebelieved in as Christ was carried from the Cross to the Sepulcher which isbefore 26 25 24 23 After these things, you were ledto the holypool ofDivineBaptism, Baldovin, Liturgy inAncientJerusalem,19. Winkler, “MeaningofBaptismalAnointing”, 36. Baldovin, Liturgy inAncientJerusalem,18. Winkler, “TheOriginalMeaningandImplicationsofthePrebaptismal Anointing”, 24

46 23 Cyril makes clear 25 The 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

the 29 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM 27 47 In MC Cyril IV, speaks to the neophytes 28 Note: The clothing with a white garment is not mentioned in the MC, however Cyril Cyril is not mentioned in the MC, however garment The clothing with a white Note: of Initiation, Inspiring Rite Awe Yarnold, 54. Catecheses”, Mystagogical “Cyril’s Cutrone, 27 28 29 It is in MC IV that Cyril concentrates his effort on the Eucharistic Eucharistic the on effort his concentrates Cyril that IV MC in is It The Eucharist, the ritual culmination of Christian Initiation, does make mention of it in Cat. XVI, 26. does make intercessions; intercessions; followed by a detailed examination of each verse of the Lord’s Prayer (MC V, 2-20). institution Cyril narratives does as not part of mention his the commentary unpack to Cyril on by effort painstaking a be to seems IV MC the Liturgy. Sacred the institution when narrative, the however, time comes for him clearly is it V, MC in Communion and Liturgy Sacred the explain to Institution. However, it is Institution. not However, until MC V that we get a glimpse at the structure of the Jerusalem anaphora, with brief description. Cyril explicitly names hands, a of peace, the an analysis of each part of the dialogue, a following reference to elements: a hymn of praise and the washing , an epiclesis, and of blood as Christ … for he, himself said of the 1). “Eucharistic … and of body the wine: blood” This (MC is IV, my bread: “This is my made one with Christ”. were the neophytes is where worship theology of his day and provides a commentary on the of Words is the final section of Cyril’s Mystagogical Catecheses raise the most and questions regarding the may liturgical practices of the Century Jerusalem. Fourth Once in dressed a garment white neophytes gather with the whole assembly in the share in Anastasis the Eucharist. to of their oneness with Christ: become “You of the same body and The Eucharist: The Jerusalem Anaphora Structure and Development of the is trying to convey to the neophytes: their sins are they forgiven, received the gift of the Holy Spirit, the adoption God as and oneness Children in Christ’s death of and resurrection and thus the promise of salvation (MC, II, 6). Baptism must be viewed in light of all of these actions. Prebaptismal Prebaptismal Anointing, the Water Bath and the Postbaptismal understanding full a gain to together viewed be must -- Anointing of Cyril’s Baptismal Theology. The ritual actions, are essential to the whole understanding anointings, that Cyril while separate Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 47 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 48 Legal... elements of the MC lead contemporary liturgical scholars to ask to scholars liturgical contemporary lead MC the of elements which in weretheyneophytes. encounteredbythe order the in events shifts, ritual the methodology explain not catechetical does he his and of style The present. not was itinfluencedby theOldJerusalemAnaphora and how muchfrom othersources? their CommonOrigin” Orientalia Christiana Analecta,240(1992)36. favor ofthenarrative’s presence outweigh itsabsence. narrative. institution accounts that conclude a Cyrillian acquaintance with a “liturgical” arguments that present this as a conflation of Pauline and Matthean the neophytes have just heard; however, Baldovin agrees with the (1Cor.Paulwords St. the from 11:23) quoting is he that indicates narrative. institution likean – CatechesesMystagogical the in discussed not are that anaphora Cyrillian the of elements preserveSt. may of James anaphora the that argue to reasonable is it is then case, this the If anaphora. Cyrillian evolved an represent could St. James of Anaphora the Jerusalem, century fifth in existence in is it narrative.institution an contain did which century Anaphora James, of believedSt. to be formulated by the early fifth Jerusalem the by supported be would perspective This did. that one to narrative from institution an contain metamorphosis: not did that anaphora a an experienced have Jerusalem also the may that anaphora contend to case reasonable a builds focus) shift of baptismal theology and ritual to a “death and resurrection” the Hagiopolis in the late fourth century (an example of which is the answer theseimportantquestions. definitiveprovidewith toevidence liturgistsnot does Catecheses present? yet not it was or anaphora Jerusalem the in narrative institution an of know Cyril Did Jerusalem? century fourth in use in anaphora the represent the questions: Does the anaphora revealed in the MC V accurately h ase t te usin a le n yi’ catechetical Cyril’s in lie may question the to answer The Cyril IV, MC in narrative the to referring when addition, In in celebration ritual of aspects other in shift transitional The 35 34 33 32 31 30 JohnFenwick, James: AnInvestigation R.K.,“TheAnaphoras BasilandSt. ofSt. into Ibid., 53. Ibid. Baldovin, Liturgy inAncientJerusalem,26-27. John Fenwick James, 39. R.K.TheAnaphoras BasilandSt. ofSt. Note: TheoriginoftheAnaphora Jamesmustbeconsidered ofSt. aswell. How much 33

34 advn eivs ht h agmns in arguments the that believes Baldovin 31 notntl, yi’ Mystagogical Cyril’s Unfortunately, 48 30 Added together,Added these 32 The fact that factThe 35

12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses .... 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM it seems 36 Alternate theories argue argue theories Alternate 39 49 Cutrone argues that: argues Cutrone 37

40

38 Ibid. 56 Catecheses”, Mystagogical “Cyril’s Cutrone, Ibid., 57. Ibid., 58-59. of St. Basil and St. The Anaphoras James, 37. Fenwick, 36 37 38 39 40 Cyril’s whole catechetical method is centered in Christ, and he sees is centered method catechetical whole Cyril’s wants to develop? develop? to wants ritual as the place of identification with Him. Since this is the case, one be silent about that Cyril would that believe it is very to hard section of the anaphora which best fits of reinterpreting into trouble all the through go Mystagogue should the his explanation. Why to chrismation a new and introduce bath and water anointing the mention not even and then rite, vision of the his new accommodate a very obvious and natural prayer which says specifically what he Both sides of the argument raise interesting points to consider. consider. to points interesting raise argument the of sides Both The logical answer to Cutrone’s question is that Cyril did to to the words of Institution, though these both in the the Clementine Invocation Liturgy and place in before hold so prominent a mere a from assume, justly cannot we But James. St. of Liturgy the omission in so brief a that summary, the Commemoration of the Nevertheless, Nevertheless, for the purpose of this paper on Cyril’s Catechesis can it Liturgy, Christian of sources the as Catecheses of Mystagogical and account Cyril’s in that remarkable truly is It mystery. a remain reference slightest the not is there Lecture this in rites Eucharistic a liturgical document prior to establishes Cyril which definitively anaphora. an in narrative institution an that Cyril did not mention the institution narrative because spent he the entire MC IV discussing it. Further, it may recited have silently, been given the fact of Cyril’s “sense of the Eucharist.” toward fear and awe not know an anaphora with an institution legitimate conclusion since the Syrian tradition narrative. does not provide This is a unpack the experience of the ritual. as suggests, Baldovin If in present the liturgy, Sacred was an institution narrative of Cyril. uncharacteristic methodology methodology itself. Is it possible that the catechesis mystagogical narrative institution the explaining in care great take would Cyril of in MC IV and while doing so make no mention of its place within the neophyte’ experience of the ritual? A trait of Cyril’s MC is to Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 49 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 50 Legal... rcdn Lcue t mk frhr eto o a utm o well so custom a of mention further make to Lecture, preceding the in Institution the to references repeated his necessary,after it Institution hadnoplaceintheLiturgy theninuseatJerusalem. . (New York: DoubleDay andCo.,Inc.,1982)172. you give God “May prays, he place another and in “holy and seal,” the indelible of speaks He unremovable. and permanent is that 2) hand.”1, right (MC his at you place will he and flock faithful and holy Be Christ’s you. in and numbered recognize will forward Master the “Come that so baptism: seal mystic the for receive candidates the addressed he share thelikeness ofChrist’sglorious body” (MCIII,1). to us made and sons adopted be to us predestined God for God, of Christ and having put on Christ you have been conformed to the Son an number of is Pauline letters when he said, “Having been baptized into there and throughout. Scripture, quotation of Scriptural of text abundance a upon based is lecture Each delivered. were they whom to catechumens the for care and love manner,scientific a than ratherpopular in a warma pastoralof full and East practice, contain and faith Christian of the topics lectures principal the on instructions both catechetical twenty-three in famous liturgy Cyril’s of sacramental, West. development in the shaped transition and of time catechetical and liturgical theology that has significantly influenced tumultuous a stated represents be Hagiopolis the can of practices liturgical it the that certainty narrative, some with institution an possessed Jerusalem His Blood? not Blood,’is My it is eversayingthat ‘This hesitate,shall who said, shall dare doubt any longer? And since He has Himself affirmed and Body,’My is who ‘This Bread, the of said and declared has Himself He then remark,“Since the with Institution, the of Paul’saccount S. Prayer preceding the Invocation. On the previous day he the had of quoted course the in words own Christ’s of recitation the as known t em mr poal ta Crl f euae dd o think not did Jerusalem of Cyril that probable more seems It Cyril drew upon the theme of Christ the Good Shepherd when Shepherd Good the Christ of theme the upon drew Cyril century fourth that certainty with stated be cannot it While 45 44 43 42 41 http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf207.ii.iii.v.html Ibid, 50 Martos, .Doorto theSacred: AHistorical Introduction to Sacraments inthe http://www.answers.com/topic/cyril-of-jerusalem Ibid 42

45 From Cyril comes the idea of the seal the of idea the comes FromCyril 50 43 e rw rm a from drew He 44

12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM 41

St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses ....

46 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM

48 Although this 47 51 (Full Text can be found in Appendix II) can be found Text (Full 49 Ibid, 50 Ibid, 211 Osservatore L’ from: in June 27, 2007. Taken Audience Benedict XVI at the General Ibid. 46 47 48 49 The Pope continued by noting the ongoing value of this text: “the text: this of value ongoing the noting by continued Pope The been have caught Cyril in tells the the catechumen: nets “You of The Holy Father, The Pope Holy Benedict Father, XVI, on June 27, 2007, greeted Cyril Cyril of Jerusalem describes a ceremony in which the baptized Romano weekly Edition in English (4 July 2007) 11. See also http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/ (4 July in English Edition weekly Romano Catecheses remain a model for instruction today, leading the whole instruction a today, model for remain Catecheses gift Christ’s of experience living a to – spirit and soul, body, – person of salvation.” importance of catechesis for initiation into the faith: “The catecheses catecheses “The faith: the into initiation for catechesis of importance were an important moment, inserted into the ample context of the lives, and in particular the liturgy, of the Christian community, in whose maternal womb the future of the brothers.” and the testimony prayer accompanied by faithful were being gestated, of Jerusalem. According to Pope Benedict XVI, Cyril is known for his catechesis, which “prepared the catechumens of the Church of and initiation, Christian of sacraments the receive to first Jerusalem then, after their Baptism, the to understand highlighted more Pope deeply the The Church’s mysteries.” sacred the in expressed as faith Baptismal Spirituality the thousands of auditorium pilgrims and continued gathered his cycle in of catechesis by commenting on Fathers a master of catechesis himself - on St. the Cyril the Church Vatican’s Paul VI kept kept in mind. The Msytagogical Catecheses of Cyril of Jerusalem is of great importance for it provides an Initiation of insight Sacrament the into of practices the liturgical the and method instruction of in Jerusalem. age of Cyril in the particular were were anointed on the forehead, ears, nose, and breast as a symbol of their union with Christ “who was anointed with the spiritual oil of gladness, that is, with the Spirit” Holy (MC III, 2). is no longer present in the liturgical text and not practiced in the rite, still they continue to be powerful symbolic actions that can be the ineradicable seal of the Holy Spirit for eternal life” (Proc 17). and lost be never can that mark spiritual a as explained is this Today twice. be received to have never that will Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 51 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 52 Legal... resurrect you after death. Indeed, you must die and rise again (cf. again rise and die must you Indeed, death. after you resurrect to but you kill to order in not you, for fishing is who Jesus is it for escape not do therefore;alive,taken Be 47). 13: Mt (cf. Church the o oe eeit V, yi i kon o hs aehss which catechesis, his for known is Cyril XVI, Benedict Pope to according mentioned, As Church. the of members be to preparing Jerusalem, the very condition that called Cyril to instruct of the people City the of condition social-historical the of understanding our the to greatly catechetical contribute and reveal The Jerusalem of Initiation. Cyril of of lectures Sacraments its and Church the to Spirit the of relationship multifaceted the express together taken one today, that say theologies these toanother. overRather,of chosen all safenot is theology is it think I are sea. there the by as sand theologies of grains numerous many as find we Initiation of Conclusion of ChristJesusandtherefore revealing God’sway intheworld. nothing less than our own sharing in the life, death and resurrection namely, to Baptismal Font which is the Church’s wellspring enacting call, the of beginning the to back Table.us the brings of aspect This to rising self, Christ, and sharing to Christ’s ministry in dying the Word includes and in the that ministry one path; different very a to family an emerging awareness of vocation that invites Christian each member the within cultivate may Eventually,this Spirit. graceful God’s of mystery the with life in experiences daily our connecting of way the remembering and imagining of way the than less!) (or Christ daily. of love the in righteouslylive to and sins our to dying by fully live to promise baptismal own our of constantly reminded be to than to all Christians of every age. What better way to live a Christian life teachings, and symbolism presented in these homilies can be applied were values, these the catechumens, and candidates addressedbasicallythe to Although Baptism. through rebirth Christian’s the of very day” 5). (Procat, Rom 6: 11, 14).... Die to your sins and live to righteousness from this I began this paper by stating that when we look at the Sacraments more nothing is words, other in Spirituality, Baptismal The systematiccatechesis a form homilies TakenCyril’swhole, a as 50 http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?id=7674 50

52 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses .... 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM 53 Likewise, this paper has also presented also the structure of the of structure the also presented also has paper this Likewise, Now, Now, in our present generation, we already have the infant Preparation nowadays in different parishes and diocese towards towards diocese and parishes different in nowadays Preparation neophytes neophytes that their sins are now they forgiven; have the received gift of the Spirit,Holy adopted as they are of Children God and now share oneness in Christ’s death and resurrection and have thus Mystagogical and Catechesis Mystagogical the manner it inculcated the liturgy of Ancient Jerusalem specifically the celebration of Baptism leading to the Eucharist. The perspective Catecheses to of understanding Cyril the Sacraments provided of significant a Initiation. to different It mention is that Cyril is trying to emphasize to the some parishes that do not have a clear about baptism. Thus, it and is really a must to systematic really look back to some program of catechesis of like faith Christian our of guidelines important very our of spirituality and maturity, understanding, better a for St.Cyril faith. have have catechetical instruction for 3 hours. Others churches have 1 or 2 hour for pre-jordan seminar before the baptismal ritual. That is the if reason why, we will really proceed to the deeper meaning original the from far is experiences our baptism; of importance and requirements and demands of baptism. Furthermore, there are (right (right of reason). That is why the candidate is tested accordingly. Only those who really accept the message of being a Christian will remain. surely Those who be falter will baptized To give-up. surely consider. to a serious matter as a child of God in Jesus is certainly baptism as part of the church development. In some parishes, they is 3 In years. this a 3 a pious years candidate life, is to live expected every fulfilled and sick the visited least at widows, the honored had good to work test their worth to be baptized. All of these a are test of faith. First, we should not that for forget only are baptism before decision own his of expected is candidate the where candidate, adult the catechumens are not that good. For example: Pre-Christian In rituals. this Purification period, rituals to be community a are much The stricter period than what we today. have member of the community Christian the in accepted be to instruction and testing of “prepared “prepared the catechumens of the receive the Church sacraments of Christian initiation, of and then, after their Jerusalem first expressed as faith Church’s the to deeply more understand to Baptism, mysteries.” in the sacred Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 53 Scentia Inside Dec2015.indd 54 Legal... truths which are included in the present of the Catholic the of Catechism present the in included are which truths liturgical and spiritual, theological, these of all of lightviewed in be inherited the promise of salvation (MC, II, 6). For Cyril, Baptism must 34(March, 1982)27-38. Telfer, William,ed. Quinn, Frank C. Pope Cyril ofJerusalem.” BenedictXVI,“St. Meyer, Ruth A. Martos, Joseph. Jackson, Pamela, “Cyril ofJerusalem’s UseofScripture inCatechesis.” Gifford, D.D. Edwin Hamilton. Fenwick, James:AnInvestigation R.K.,John.“TheAnaphoras BasilandSt. ofSt. Cutrone, E.J.“Cyril’s Mystagogical Catecheses andtheEvolution oftheJerusalem Bugnini, Annibale. Baldovin, JohnF. rise alsowithhimto newnessoflife.” (RCIA 215;R97) baptism of death the in Christ with buried are who all “May Christ: of tomb the and church the of womb the baptism, of power the in and man woman each to salvation calls through Jesus Christ. whoThe journey to FatherGod is lived the to church, called community the within Christian, the of journey the inaugurate They Christ. of bodythe in membership journeycatechumenaltofull the conclude Church andreflected inthepresent Sacraments ofInitiationrites. Finally, Frank Quinn stressed that “The sacraments of initiation of sacramentsFinally, “The that stressed FrankQuinn 51 Today. in English Nottingham: Grove Books Limited, 1988. Eastern Initiation,Paul F. Bradshaw, ed,Alcuin/ GROW Liturgical Study. in the Catholic Church. Studies 82 Rapids: Wm. B.Eerdmans PublishingCo.,1983. into theirCommonOrigin.” OrientaliaChristianaAnalecta, 2401992. Anaphora” Connell. Collegeville: TheLiturgical Press, 1983. Nottingham: Grove Books Limited, 1989. Frank C.Quinn,“TheSacrament ofInitiationandChristianlife.” SpiritualityToday. 34(March, 1982)27-38. “The Structure ofthe Syrian BaptismalRite” “The Sacrament ofInitiationandChristianLife.” Spirituality Doors to the Sacred :AHistorical Introduction to the Sacraments Liturgy inAncient Jerusalem (4July 2007)11 “CyrilofJerusalemandNemesius ofEmesa” inthe Library of 1991. The Reform ofthe Liturgy1948-1975. Orientalia ChristianaPeriodical, The Nicene andPost-Nicene Fathers. BIBLIOGRAPHY NewYork: Doubleday &Company, Inc.,1982. 54 L’ Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition . Alcuin/GROW Liturgical Study 9 XLIV197852-64. Trans. By MatthewJ.O’ inEssays inEarly vol 7Grand 51

Theological 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogical Catecheses .... 12/21/2015 5:03:56 PM ed. Collegeville: ed. Collegeville: ed. London: SPCK, SPCK, ed. London: nd nd 2 2 ed. Libreria Editrice Vaticana Vaticana Editrice ed. Libreria nd 2 55 19 1978. 143-161. vol. IV. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1955. Press, The Westminster Philadelphia: IV. vol. The Awe Inspiring Rites of Initiation. Inspiring Rites The Awe The Documents of Baptismal Liturgy. of Baptismal Documents The Worship 52 (January, 1978`). 52 (January, Worship “The Original Meaning and Implications of the Prebaptismal Prebaptismal of the Meaning and Implications “The Original “The Authorship of the Mystogogical Catecheses Attributed to Cyril to Attributed Catecheses Mystogogical of the “The Authorship Church. Catholic of the Catechism liturgical_rites_east_and_west_and_homiletics Anointing.” 1994. Press, Liturgical 1997. Christian Classics, Christian 1970. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php http://www.ancientfaith.com/specials/e_quip/historical_development_in_the_ http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?id=7674 http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16ChrstChrch42.htm http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Archaeology/charch.html Internet Resources Internet http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/310123.htm http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/b16ChrstChrch42.htm http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf207.ii.iii.v.html http://www.answers.com/topic/cyril-of-jerusalem Yarnold, S.J. Edward. S.J. Edward. Yarnold, ______. Journal The Heythrop of Jerusalem.” ______. Whitaker, Gabrielle. Whitaker, Gabrielle, Winkler, Scentia Inside Dec 2015.indd 55