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Saint Macarius of Jerusalem
Saint Macarius of Jerusalem SAINT OF THE DAY 10-03-2021 Three elements suffice to indicate the greatness of this saint. He is credited with an important role in the drafting of the Nicene Symbol, the first core of our Creed. He was bishop of Jerusalem when Saint Helena found the Cross of Christ and, with the help of grace, was decisive in identifying it. Third, a defender of Orthodoxy such as Saint Athanasius wrote to the Egyptian and Libyan bishops calling Saint Macarius (c. † 335), who had already died at the time of the letter, an example of the “honest and simple style of apostolic men”. Macarius became bishop of Jerusalem in 312, when the Holy City was called Aelia Capitolina. After the destruction of the Temple in 70, in fact, the Romans had put an end in 135 to the long Jewish revolt led by Bar Kokheba (who many Jews, not having recognized Jesus, had followed believing him to be the Messiah because the times of the prophecy had 'expired'). And, by order of the Emperor Hadrian, they had devastated the city, then rebuilt it and given it its new name and erected pagan temples in place of the ancient holy places. Among these there was one located outside the original city walls, in a burial area. It was there that Christians gathered to commemorate the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus: the Romans covered the site with earth and stones and built a temple dedicated to Venus. The saint found himself leading the Jerusalemite diocese when the Church, after three centuries of persecution, had finally obtained freedom of worship, but still had to face the various heresies on the Holy Trinity. -
Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria Jonathan Stephen Morgan Marquette University
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria Jonathan Stephen Morgan Marquette University Recommended Citation Morgan, Jonathan Stephen, "Circumcision of the Spirit in the Soteriology of Cyril of Alexandria" (2013). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 277. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/277 CIRCUMCISION OF THE SPIRIT IN THE SOTERIOLOGY OF CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA by Jonathan S. Morgan, B.S., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2013 ABSTRACT CIRCUMCISION OF THE SPIRIT IN THE SOTERIOLOGY OF CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA Jonathan S. Morgan, B.S., M.A. Marquette University, 2013 In this dissertation I argue that Cyril of Alexandria’s interpretation of “spiritual circumcision” provides invaluable insight into his complex doctrine of salvation. Spiritual Circumcision – or Circumcision by the Spirit -- is a recurring theme throughout his extensive body of exegetical literature, which was written before the Nestorian controversy (428). When Cyril considers the meaning and scope of circumcision, he recognizes it as a type that can describe a range of salvific effects. For him, circumcision functions as a unifying concept that ties together various aspects of salvation such as purification, sanctification, participation, and freedom. Soteriology, however, can only be understood in relation to other doctrines. Thus, Cyril’s discussions of circumcision often include correlative areas of theology such as hamartiology and Trinitarian thought. In this way, Cyril’s discussions on circumcision convey what we are saved from, as well as the Trinitarian agency of our salvation. -
St. Cyril of Jerusalem and the Alexandrian Heritage A. A. Stephenson, Sj
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM AND THE ALEXANDRIAN HERITAGE A. A. STEPHENSON, SJ. GlasgoWy Scotland HE purpose of this article is, first, to show that St. CyriPs sole Tsurviving sermon, the much neglected Sermon on the Paralytic, is characterized by a contemplative warmth and depth, a mystical elan,1 unmistakably in the Alexandrian tradition, and is at the same time one of the most important keys to an understanding of its author; secondly, to show that St. Cyril's great work, the Catecheses, when approached with this clue, reveals important Alexandrian elements as well as striking parallels with the two great masters of the Alex andrian School. Evidence will also be adduced pointing, though less certainly, to the conclusion that the Lenten catechetical teaching at Jerusalem, as exemplified by St. CyriPs Catecheses, shows (in spite of obvious and important differences) some remarkable resemblances to * the attempt of Clement and Origen to construct a synthesis of re vealed truth,2 and was, in fact, in some degree formally regarded as a gnosis in the Alexandrian manner. It is not here maintained that / St. Cyril was a champion of the particular theological doctrines specially associated with Origen. Since the detection of a marked strain of Alexandrian mystical idealism in the author of the rather pedestrian Catechetical Lectures may cause some surprise,3 it must be premised that from the historical point of view Cyril's contact with the Alexandrian tradition would present no special difficulty. The historical links, indeed, between Alexandria and Palestine are of considerable interest. Origen first 1 The words "mystical" and "contemplation" are used in this article in a fairly wide sense. -
Cyril of Jerusalem
CYRIL OF JERUSALEM �t Cyril was probably born about 313, that critical year in the history of the Church when the Emperor Constantine, feeling an attraction to Christianity that to begin with, at least, seems to have been largely superstition, granted Christians the right to practise their religion. This toleration soon developed into favour as the Emperor began to see in Christianity, rather than paganism, the influence he needed to cement together his wide spread and diverse subjects. Soon, in 325, he was convening the first Oecumenical Council at Nicaea to restore the unity which the Ariap heresy had shattered. St Cyril grew up in the after math of this Council, when the Nicene definition that the· Son was consubsta:ntial with the Father was opposed for a variety of reasons by many different parties. St Cyril tried to steer a middle way through this controversy; but was driven out of Jerusalem three times by the Arians. Soon after the Council of Nicaea, Constantine, with the fervour of a convert and with a propagandist's instinct for what would appealto the people, decided to build a sumptuous church in Jerusalem on what was traditionally held to be the site of the tomb where Jesus had been buried. While the foundations were being excavated, some find was made which was interpreted as miraculous proof that here indeed was the site of the Lord's Passion. By the end of the century there had grown up the legend of the discovery of the true cross by Constantine's mother Helen. A rock hill was also discovered, which was identified as the hill of Calvary; also a tomb cut out from the rock which was taken to be the tomb of Christ. -
The Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa Christianity In
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 30 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa Elias Kifon Bongmba Christianity in Egypt Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315890012.ch2 Youhanna Nessim Youssef Published online on: 21 Dec 2015 How to cite :- Youhanna Nessim Youssef. 21 Dec 2015, Christianity in Egypt from: The Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa Routledge Accessed on: 30 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315890012.ch2 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 2 Christianity in Egypt The Coptic Church Youhanna Nessim Youssef The word “Copt” originated from the Greek word “Aigyptius,”“Egyptian” which is the name of the sanctuary near Memphis “Het-Ka-Ptah,”“The dwelling of the ‘Ghost’(ka) of Ptah” and was disfigured by the Arabs to “Copt.” Nowa- days, for a visitor to the Middle East, the word “Coptic” may signify a lot of meanings – like Christian Egyptians, mostly Orthodox – but there is a minority of Catholics and Protestants, or Christian Nubians from the seventh to eleventh centuries or Ethiopians living in Abyssinia. -
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff About NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff Title: NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Philip Schaff Historical Writings Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Preface.. p. 2 The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret.. p. 3 Title Page.. p. 3 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Chronological Tables to accompany the History and Life of Theodoret.. p. 4 Prolegomena.. p. 9 Parentage, Birth, and Education.. p. 9 Episcopate at Cyrus.. p. 13 Relations with Nestorius and to Nestorianism.. p. 15 Under the Ban of Theodosius and of the Latrocinium.. p. 19 Theodoret and Chalcedon.. p. 22 Retirement after Chalcedon, and Death.. p. 24 The Condemnation of ªthe Three Chapters.º. p. 26 The Works of Theodoret.. p. 28 Contents and Character of the Extant Works.. p. 30 Manuscripts and Editions of Separate Works.. p. 41 The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius.. p. 42 Counter-statements of Theodoret.. p. 43 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret.. p. 52 Book I. p. 52 Prologue.--Design of the History. -
Recovering the Spirit of Mystagogy in the Contemporary Churches
Recovering the Spirit of Mystagogy in the Contemporary Churches Ronald J. Lewinski The restoration of the catechumenate in the Roman Catholic tradition since the promulgation of the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) in 1972 has been a most surprising pastoral success. Given its size and complexity one might have predicted that the RCIA would simply be ignored or dismissed as irrelevant. On the contrary, what has occurred is a widespread interest and enthusiasm for rethinking our pastoral care in the making of new Christians. The ecclesiology under lying the RCIA has excited theologians, pastors, and baptized faithful by stimulating and stretching their understanding of Christian life and their image of what the Church is all about. One can find today parishes throughout the United States and Canada where parishioners have taken respon sibility for the initiation of new members into the community. These are not professional church personnel but lay men and women who have caught the spirit of what the RCIA is all about and have committed themselves to making the catechumenate a viable process of Christian formation. You will see these men and women by hundreds at initiation workshops and institutes throughout North America. And, of course, the interest in a more wholistic formation of new church members is not just a Roman Catholic phenomenon, as this fine institute proves. The restoration of the catechumenal process and the dynamics of Church and conversion it represents has not come any too soon for the contemporary churches. There has been for a number of years a growing dissatisfaction with catechism class type learning and a growing need for new ways to interpret what Christian conversion means in contemporary society. -
Cyril of Jerusalem Anders-Christian Jacobsen
Cyril of Jerusalem Anders-Christian Jacobsen Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 315–387 CE) was born probably in or near Jerusalem. Only little is known of Cyril’s life before he became bishop in Jerusalem. He began his ecclesiastical career as a deacon in the congregation in Jerusalem sometime between 330 and 335 CE. Around 343 CE, he was appointed a presbyter by Bishop Maximus. And finally, he became bishop in 350 CE (Yarnold, 2000, 3–4; Nuffelen, 2007, 136, argues that Cyril was appointed bishop already in 348 CE). Cyril’s appointment as a bishop was not without complications as can be gathered from a few ancient authors: Rufinus of Aquileia (Hist. 10.24), Jerome (Chron. 348; Vir. ill. 112), Sozomen (Hist. eccl. 4.20), and Socrates Scholasticus (Hist. eccl. 2.38; 2.40; 2.42; 2.45; 4.1; 5.3; 5.8; 7.7). These sources confirm that Cyril followed Maximus as bishop in Jerusalem, although the details are unclear. However, all authors indicate that there had been some kind of conflict about Cyril’s appointment. Jerome, Sozomen, and Socrates claim that Cyril was appointed bishop by Acacius, the metropolitan of Caesarea in Palestine. Sozomen and Socrates both say that Acacius and another bishop, Patrophilius from Scythopolis, had ejected Maximus from the see of Jerusalem and then appointed Cyril. Jerome, who is the most explicit source, holds that Acacius together with other Arian bishops promised the bishopric of Jerusalem to Cyril on the condition that he renounced his ordination as presbyter by Maximus. According to Jerome, the conflict was over theology: Maximus belonged to the Nicene party, while Acacius was Arian. -
First Council of Nicaea First Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, Held in 325 on the Occasion of the Heresy of Arius (Arianism)
The First Council of Nicaea First Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, held in 325 on the occasion of the heresy of Arius (Arianism). As early as 320 or 321 St. Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, convoked a council at Alexandria at which more than one hundred bishops from Egypt and Libya anathematized Arius. The latter continued to officiate in his church and to recruit followers. Being finally driven out, he went to Palestine and from there to Nicomedia. During this time St. Alexander published his “Epistola encyclicato which Arius repliedbut henceforth it was evident that the quarrel had gone beyond possibility of human control. Sozomen even speaks of a Council of Bithynia which addressed an encyclical to all the bishops asking them to receive the Arians into the communion of the Church. This discord, and the war which soon broke out between Constantine and Licinius, added to the disorder and partly explains the progress of the religious conflict during the years 322-3. Finally Constantine, having conquered Licinius and become sole emperor, concerned himself with the re-establishment of religious peace as well as of civil order. He addressed letters to St. Alexander and to Arius deprecating these heated controversies regarding questions of no practical importance, and advising the adversaries to agree without delay. It was evident that the emperor did not then grasp the significance of the Arian controversy. Hosius of Cordova, his counsellor in religious matters, bore the imperial letter to Alexandria, but failed in his conciliatory mission. Seeing this, the emperor, perhaps advised by Hosius, judged no remedy more apt to restore peace in the Church than the convocation of an oecumenical council. -
Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis
MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis “The Arian Controversy vis-à-vis the Council of Nicea and inculturation of the faith” verfasst von / submitted by Rodgers Mulenga angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 795 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Theologische Spezialisierungen / degree programme as it appears on Advanced Theological Studies the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jan-Heiner Tück 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 10 ARIUS ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 1. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 10 1.1. HISTORICAL AND INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND ........................................................... 12 1.1.1. Philosophical influence - middle Platonism ................................................................................ 13 1.1.2. Doctrine -
The Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem and St Sophia of Constantinople: an Attempt at Discovering a Hagiographic Expression of the Byzantine Encaenia Feast
Other Patristic Studies Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 10:24:12PM via free access . Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 10:24:12PM via free access Ekaterina Kovalchuk Leuven, Belgium [email protected] THE HOLY SEPULCHRE OF JERUSALEM AND ST SOPHIA OF CONSTANTINOPLE: AN ATTEMPT AT DISCOVERING A HAGIOGRAPHIC EXPRESSION OF THE BYZANTINE ENCAENIA FEAST Constantine the Great and the Foundation of the Holy Sepulchre For a student of Late Antiquity and Byzantine civilization, Con- stantine the Great is known, fi rst and foremost, as the ruler who intro- duced Christianity as an offi cial religion of the Roman Empire. Apart from that, his name is fi rmly associated with the foundation of the eponymous city of Constantinople, which was to become a centre of the Eastern Christian civilization. A closer look at the contemporary sources, however, suggests that the fi rst Christian Emperor did not give the newly-founded city of Constantinople priority in his policies and building projects. During his reign, Constantine the Great dis- played extraordinary interest in Jerusalem, leaving Constantinople rather overshadowed. One may puzzle why Eusebius, who is the main contemporary source for the reign of Constantine the Great, gave but cursory treatment to the foundation and dedication of Constantinople while dwelling upon the subject of Palestinian church-building — and especially the foundation and dedication of the Holy Sepulchre church in Jerusalem1 — so exten- (1) The Holy Sepulchre is a later name for the complex erected by Con- stantine at the allegedly historical places of Golgotha and the tomb where Christ was buried. -
“Make This the Place Where Your Glory Dwells”: Origins
“MAKE THIS THE PLACE WHERE YOUR GLORY DWELLS”: ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE BYZANTINE RITE FOR THE CONSECRATION OF A CHURCH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Vitalijs Permjakovs ____________________________ Maxwell E. Johnson, Director Graduate Program in Theology Notre Dame, Indiana April 2012 © Copyright 2012 Vitalijs Permjakovs All rights reserved “MAKE THIS THE PLACE WHERE YOUR GLORY DWELLS”: ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE BYZANTINE RITE FOR THE CONSECRATION OF A CHURCH Abstract by Vitalijs Permjakovs The Byzantine ritual for dedication of churches, as it appears in its earliest complete text, the eighth-century euchologion Barberini gr. 336, as well as in the textus receptus of the rite, represents a unique collection of scriptural and euchological texts, together with the ritual actions, intended to set aside the physical space of a public building for liturgical use. The Byzantine rite, in its shape already largely present in Barberini gr. 336, actually comprises three major liturgical elements: 1) consecration of the altar; 2) consecration of the church building; 3) deposition of relics. Our earliest Byzantine liturgical text clearly conceives of the consecration of the altar and the deposition of the relics/“renovation” (encaenia) as two distinct rites, not merely elements of a single ritual. This feature of the Barberini text raises an important question, namely, which of these major elements did in fact constitute the act of dedicating/ consecrating the church, and what role did the deposition of relics have in the ceremonies of dedication in the early period of Byzantine liturgical history, considering that the deposition of relics Vitalijs Permjakovs became a mandatory element of the dedication rite only after the provisions to that effect were made at the Second council of Nicaea in 787 CE.