2012.02.01 Jeffrey RUSTEN, the Birth of Comedy
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Roman Literature from Its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age
The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I by John Dunlop This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I Author: John Dunlop Release Date: April 1, 2011 [Ebook 35750] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. VOLUME I*** HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE, FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. IN TWO VOLUMES. BY John Dunlop, AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF FICTION. ivHistory of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I FROM THE LAST LONDON EDITION. VOL. I. PUBLISHED BY E. LITTELL, CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. G. & C. CARVILL, BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 1827 James Kay, Jun. Printer, S. E. Corner of Race & Sixth Streets, Philadelphia. Contents. Preface . ix Etruria . 11 Livius Andronicus . 49 Cneius Nævius . 55 Ennius . 63 Plautus . 108 Cæcilius . 202 Afranius . 204 Luscius Lavinius . 206 Trabea . 209 Terence . 211 Pacuvius . 256 Attius . 262 Satire . 286 Lucilius . 294 Titus Lucretius Carus . 311 Caius Valerius Catullus . 340 Valerius Ædituus . 411 Laberius . 418 Publius Syrus . 423 Index . 453 Transcriber's note . 457 [iii] PREFACE. There are few subjects on which a greater number of laborious volumes have been compiled, than the History and Antiquities of ROME. -
Terence's Plays
chapter 2 Terence’s Plays: Commentary and Illustration from Manuscript to Print 2.1 Terence as an Educational Classic: Text and Commentary from Antiquity to Medieval and Renaissance Europe Publius Terentius Afer, or Terence, was the author of six plays which premiered in Rome between 166 and 160 bc— Andria, Heauton timorumenos, Eunuchus, Phormio, Hecyra, and Adelphoe. Some information on the circumstances of the production of each play can be obtained from the didascaliae,1 while the prologues reveal that they were produced in a vibrant and at times vitriolic literary environment. A biographical tradition concerning Terence only devel- oped much later; in the early second century ad Suetonius wrote a Life, which was subsequently supplemented and attached to the commentary of Aelius Donatus (for which see below), while in Late Antiquity it appears that another very brief Life, known as the Vita Ambrosiana, was composed, which provides a few facts independent of the Life found in Donatus.2 In these traditions, we are told that Terence came originally from Carthage in Northern Africa (hence his cognomen, Afer, or ‘the African’); that he was taken to Rome at a young age as a slave, and was adopted and freed there by a senator, Terentius Lucanus, from whom he took his name, and by whom he was educated; that he subsequently was befriended by some of the leading figures in Roman society associated with Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (185/ 4– 129 bc); and that he died young on a trip to Greece, where he had gone in order to purchase more comedies to translate. -
Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology
SELECT EPIGRAMS FROM THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY J. W. MACKAIL∗ Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. PREPARER’S NOTE This book was published in 1890 by Longmans, Green, and Co., London; and New York: 15 East 16th Street. The epigrams in the book are given both in Greek and in English. This text includes only the English. Where Greek is present in short citations, it has been given here in transliterated form and marked with brackets. A chapter of Notes on the translations has also been omitted. eti pou proima leuxoia Meleager in /Anth. Pal./ iv. 1. Dim now and soil’d, Like the soil’d tissue of white violets Left, freshly gather’d, on their native bank. M. Arnold, /Sohrab and Rustum/. PREFACE The purpose of this book is to present a complete collection, subject to certain definitions and exceptions which will be mentioned later, of all the best extant Greek Epigrams. Although many epigrams not given here have in different ways a special interest of their own, none, it is hoped, have been excluded which are of the first excellence in any style. But, while it would be easy to agree on three-fourths of the matter to be included in such a scope, perhaps hardly any two persons would be in exact accordance with regard to the rest; with many pieces which lie on the border line of excellence, the decision must be made on a balance of very slight considerations, and becomes in the end one rather of personal taste than of any fixed principle. For the Greek Anthology proper, use has chiefly been made of the two ∗PDF created by pdfbooks.co.za 1 great works of Jacobs, -
Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, Etc
Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, etc. at the earliest from 2d cent. on AELIAN c. 180 AESCHINES 345 AESCHYLUS *525, †456 AESOP 1 570 AETIUS c. 500 AGATHARCHIDES 117? ALCAEUS MYTILENAEUS 610 ALCIPHRON 200? ALCMAN 610 ALEXIS 350 AMBROSE, Bp. of Milan 374 AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS †c. 400 AMMONIUS, the grammarian 390 ANACREON2 530 ANAXANDRIDES 350 ANAXIMANDER 580 ANDOCIDES 405 ANTIPHANES 380 ANTIPHON 412 ANTONINUS, M. AURELIUS †180 APOLLODORUS of Athens 140 APOLLONIUS DYSCOLUS 140 APOLLONIUS RHODIUS 200 APPIAN 150 APPULEIUS 160 AQUILA (translator of the O. T.) 2d cent. (under Hadrian.) ARATUS 270 ARCHILOCHUS 700 ARCHIMEDES, the mathematician 250 ARCHYTAS c. 400 1 But the current Fables are not his; on the History of Greek Fable, see Rutherford, Babrius, Introd. ch. ii. 2 Only a few fragments of the odes ascribed to him are genuine. ARETAEUS 80? ARISTAENETUS 450? ARISTEAS3 270 ARISTIDES, P. AELIUS 160 ARISTOPHANES *444, †380 ARISTOPHANES, the grammarian 200 ARISTOTLE *384, †322 ARRIAN (pupil and friend of Epictetus) *c. 100 ARTEMIDORUS DALDIANUS (oneirocritica) 160 ATHANASIUS †373 ATHENAEUS, the grammarian 228 ATHENAGORUS of Athens 177? AUGUSTINE, Bp. of Hippo †430 AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS †c. 390 BABRIUS (see Rutherford, Babrius, Intr. ch. i.) (some say 50?) c. 225 BARNABAS, Epistle written c. 100? Baruch, Apocryphal Book of c. 75? Basilica, the4 c. 900 BASIL THE GREAT, Bp. of Caesarea †379 BASIL of Seleucia 450 Bel and the Dragon 2nd cent.? BION 200 CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS †March 15, 44 CALLIMACHUS 260 Canons and Constitutions, Apostolic 3rd and 4th cent. -
Ancient Narrative Volume 2
The Satyrica of Petronius as a Roman Palimpsest GOTTSKÁLK JENSSON Reykjavík Roman literature is possibly the most palimpsestuous of literatures.1 So much so that lovers of Roman letters have had to fight off the unwanted comparison with Roman plastic arts where, as is well known, there are no originals. A series of famous names will emphasise the obvious: Plautus, Terence, Varro, Cicero, Lucretius, Catullus, Virgil, Livy, Horace, Ovid, Seneca, Statius and Apuleius. These (and many more) were borrowers, reworkers, rewriters. But we try not to hold it against them. When the stuff of Roman literature is Greek (and often, too, when it is Roman) the method of writing is translation, trans- formation, and imitation. By the same process that Roman literature grew out of Greek literature, much of Western literature grew out of Latin literature. In fact, ever since the Romantics, we have been extremely reluctant to admit to this influence, to any influence in fact, instead fantasizing about ‘originality’, or what one theorist sees as a longing for a freedom from paternal influence.2 Of course, demanding originality from Roman literature is to apply later esthetics to earlier art, but the anachronism doesn’t usually bother Petronian scholars. Few Roman writers have been more fantasized about in this manner than the elusive author of the Satyrica. We shall see in the central part of this paper that the modern ‘Petronius’ was invented in the late 19th century under ideological pressure. Although we rarely admit to this, we know nothing about ————— 1 I use the term ‘palimpsest’ as a broad term to denote a text derived from a previous text through transformation or imitation. -
Theopompus' Homer
Haverford College Haverford Scholarship Faculty Publications Classics 2020 Theopompus’ Homer: Paraepic in Old and Middle Comedy Matthew C. Farmer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.haverford.edu/classics_facpubs THEOPOMPUS’ HOMER: PARAEPIC IN OLD AND MIDDLE COMEDY MATTHEW C. FARMER T IS A STRIKING FACT that, out of the twenty titles preserved for the late fifth- and early fourth-century comic poet Theopompus, three directly reference I Homer’s Odyssey: Odysseus, Penelope, and Sirens. In one fragment (F 34) preserved without title but probably belonging to one of these plays, Odysseus himself is the speaking character; he quotes the text of the Odyssey, approv- ingly.1 Another fragment (F 31), evidently drawn from a comedy with a more contemporary focus, mocks a politician in a run of Homeric hexameters. Theo- pompus was, it seems, a comic poet with a strong interest in paraepic comedy, that is, in comedy that generates its humor by parodying, quoting, or referring to Homeric epic poetry. In composing paraepic comedy, Theopompus was operating within a long tra- dition. Among the earliest known Homeric parodies, Hipponax provides our first certain example, a fragment in which the poet invokes the muse and deploys Homeric language to mock a glutton (F 128). The Margites, a poem composed in a mixture of hexameters and trimeters recounting the story of a certain fool in marked Homeric language, may have been composed as early as the seventh cen- tury BCE, but was certainly known in Athens by the fifth or fourth.2 In the late -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quaiity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality Illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerogtaphically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9* black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMÏ TRACES OF DISSENT: PERSIÜS AND THE SATIRE OF NERO'S GOLDEN AGE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy m the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Peter John Nani, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Professor Kirk Freudenburg, Adviser Professor William W. -
Chapter 14.2: Roman Comedy (Terence)
Chapter 14.2: Terence Roman Comedy after Plautus • transitional figure between Plautus and Terence: Caecilius Statius – no play of his survives but many fragments – less boisterous comedy than Plautus – he was “more Greek,” e.g. titles in Greek • cf. Plautus and Naevius whose plays almost invariably have Latin titles that are often not even translations of the Greek original’s title Chapter 14.2: Terence Publius Terentius Afer • Caecilius Statius reportedly heard the young Terence read his first play (Andria) • “Publius Terentius Afer” was apparently his real name, even though he was a slave – cf. Livius Andronicus – supported by aristocrats, e.g. the Scipios • his dates are uncertain: born ca. 195-185 BCE and died soon after 160 BCE Chapter 14.2: Terence Terence’s Drama • every play he wrote survives in full! – shows the high esteem in which he was held in antiquity and ever after — until our age! – we can track his career better than any other ancient playwright, including Sophocles • his plays were produced at a variety of festivals, including state funerals –e.g. Adelphoe which premiered at Aemilius Paullus’ funeral in 160 BCE Chapter 14.2: Terence Terence’s Drama • Julius Caesar wrote a treatise on Terence’s sermo purus (“clean dialogue”) • Saxon canoness Hrotsvit (or Hrotswitha) imitated the language of Terence’s dramas – but she celebrated Christian virgins • more than 600 Terence manuscripts survived the Middle Ages Chapter 14.2: Terence Terence’s Drama • also, scholia are attached to all of Terence’s comedies, cf. Aristophanes – but A’s scholia elucidate historical context – conversely, Terence’s scholia discuss the nature of his drama, which shows how important Terence was as a Roman author • some of these scholia are from the hand of Aelius Donatus, St. -
This Book — the Only History of Friendship in Classical Antiquity That Exists in English
This book — the only history of friendship in classical antiquity that exists in English - examines the nature of friendship in ancient Greece and Rome from Homer (eighth century BC) to the Christian Roman Empire of the fourth century AD. Although friendship is throughout this period conceived of as a voluntary and loving relationship (contrary to the prevailing view among scholars), there are major shifts in emphasis from the bonding among warriors in epic poetry, to the egalitarian ties characteristic of the Athenian democracy, the status-con- scious connections in Rome and the Hellenistic kingdoms, and the commitment to a universal love among Christian writers. Friendship is also examined in relation to erotic love and comradeship, as well as for its role in politics and economic life, in philosophical and religious communities, in connection with patronage and the private counsellors of kings, and in respect to women; its relation to modern friendship is fully discussed. Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 147.231.79.110 on Thu May 20 13:43:40 BST 2010. Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 147.231.79.110 on Thu May 20 13:43:40 BST 2010. Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 KEYTHEMES IN ANCIENT HISTORY Friendship in the classical world Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 147.231.79.110 on Thu May 20 13:43:40 BST 2010. Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2010 KEY THEMES IN ANCIENT HISTORY EDITORS Dr P. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand com er and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 MENANDER AND THE SUBVERSION OF TRAGEDY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul A. -
The Greek Anthology
Iprescntct) to of tbc iJlntverait^ of Toronto bB Bertram 1R. 2)avi6 from tbc books of tbe late Xionel 2)avi6, Ik.C. THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY E. CAPPS, Ph.D., LL.D. T. E. PAGE, Litt.D. W, H. D. ROUSa, Lirr.D, THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY II THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. Volume I. CHRISTIAN EPIGRAMS. CHRISTODORUS OF THEBES IN EGYPT. THE CYZICENB EPIGRAMS. THE PROEMS OF THE DIFFERENT AN- THOLOGIES. THE AMATORY EPIGRAMS. THE DJiDICATORY EPIGRAMS. Volume III. THE DECLAMATORY EPIGRAMS. Volume IV. THE HORTATORY AND ADMONITORY EPIGRAMS. THE CONVIVIAL AND SATIRICAL EPI- GRAMS. STRATO'S MU:<A P DERI LIS. Volume V. EPIGRAMS IN VARIOUS METRES. ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS, RIDDLES ORACLES. ' MISCELLANEA. EPIGRAMS OF THE PLANUDEAN ANTHO- LOGY NOT IN THE PALATINE MANU- SCRIPT. THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY W. R. PATON IN FIVE VOLUMES II LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MOMXIX First printed 1917. Reprinted 1919. CONTENTS PAGE BOOK VII. —SEPULCHRAL EPIGRAMS 1 BOOK VIII. —THE EPIGRAMS OF SAINT GREGORY THE THEOLOGIAN 399 GENERAL INDEX . , 509 INDEX OF AUTHORS INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME . 515 GREEK ANTHOLOGY BOOK VII SEPULCHRAL EPIGRAMS The genuine epitaphs (tliose actually engraved on tomb- stones) in this collection are comparatively few in number. It would be easy to draw up a list of them, but I refrain from this, as there are too many doubtful cases. Those on celebrities are of course all poetical exercises in the form of on epitaphs, but a considerable number of those unknown the persons are doubtless the same. In order to appreciate (ireek sepulchral epigram as it was, we should have a selection of those actually preserved on stones. -
Illinois Classical Studies
Roman Poets as Literary Historians Some Aspects of Imitatio^ GORDON WILLIAMS Literary history — like the history of any art — involves a special difficulty; it is that of reconciling a general scheme of development and a linear movement in time with the problem of the individual genius who creates new things. That has not been made easier in recent years when New Critics tried to expel the writer from the text, and then Deconstructionists called the very existence of the text into question. Yet literary history is fundamental to our studies, and this essay starts from the observation that every poet perforce indulges in literary his- tory (sometimes explicitly, sometimes implicitly) in order to establish a position for himself in an already existing tradition. For originality matters, and always did. The concept of imitatio was particularly useful to Roman poets as a tool for analyzing the relation of a writer to his predecessors. But the concept itself is complex and two aspects of it will be distinguished in what follows.^ First there is imitatio exemplorum, imitation of models; this tends to be focussed on questions of form and style. Second there 'An early version of this paper was the subject of a seminar at the Humanities Research Centre of the Australian National University; I am most grateful to the Direc- tor and other Research Fellows for their help and criticism. I owe a further debt to members of the audience at the Conference in the University of Minnesota for their helpful comments. ^See especially on this point and generally for what follows: R.