DOCSLIB.ORG

Find Doc » Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (The Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Find Doc » Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (The Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) XO8EP92XZRA6 \ PDF » Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) Filesize: 2.13 MB Reviews This published book is wonderful. It is one of the most incredible book we have go through. I realized this pdf from my i and dad advised this book to learn. (Felicia Heidenreich) DISCLAIMER | DMCA H9YLBX1QM3CI / PDF # Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) KOJIKI; OR, FURUKOTOFUMI (THE RECORDS OF ANCIENT MATTERS) (DODO PRESS) (PAPERBACK) Dodo Press, United Kingdom, 2009. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.Kojiki or Furukotofumi also known in English as the Records of Ancient Matters, is the oldest surviving book in Japan. The body of the Kojiki is written in Chinese, but it includes numerous Japanese names and some phrases. The songs included in the Kojiki are in archaic Japanese written phonetically with Chinese characters. A document claiming to be an older work, the Kujiki (which the Kojiki dates to 620 AD), also exists, but its authenticity is questioned. Kojiki was presented by O-no-Yasumaro to Emperor Temmu in 680 AD, based upon the events which had been memorized from the previous book, the Kujiki, and by those who held the stories which had been passed down over generations, as well as stories which had been memorized by Hieda no Are in 712. The idea that the Kojiki mimics deities descending from China to Japan, is incorrect because the Kojiki is a story detailing the creation of deities, and throughout Chamberlain s translation in 1882, the area in which the events were said to have unfolded is not explained, and is thought to occur upon the island or land-mass created by Izanami and Izanagi. Read Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) Online Download PDF Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) NRG41T6X6XDA Book < Kojiki; Or, Furukotofumi (the Records of Ancient Matters) (Dodo Press) (Paperback) Other PDFs Children s Educational Book Junior Leonardo Da Vinci : An Introduction to the Art, Science and Inventions of This Great Genius Age 7 8 9 10 Year-Olds. [British English] Createspace, United States, 2013. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 248 x 170 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.ABOUT SMART READS for Kids . Love Art, Love Learning Welcome. Designed to... Download eBook » Two Treatises: The Pearle of the Gospell, and the Pilgrims Profession to Which Is Added a Glasse for Gentlewomen to Dresse Themselues By. by Thomas Taylor Preacher of Gods Word to the Towne of Reding. (1624-1625) Proquest, Eebo Editions, United States, 2010. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 246 x 189 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.EARLY HISTORY OF RELIGION. Imagine holding history in your hands. Now... Download eBook » Two Treatises: The Pearle of the Gospell, and the Pilgrims Profession to Which Is Added a Glasse for Gentlewomen to Dresse Themselues By. by Thomas Taylor Preacher of Gods Word to the Towne of Reding. (1625) Proquest, Eebo Editions, United States, 2010. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 246 x 189 mm. Language: English Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.EARLY HISTORY OF RELIGION. Imagine holding history in your hands. Now you... Download eBook » On the Go with Baby A Stress Free Guide to Getting Across Town or Around the World by Ericka Lutz 2002 Paperback Book Condition: Brand New. Book Condition: Brand New. Download eBook » Bully, the Bullied, and the Not-So Innocent Bystander: From Preschool to High School and Beyond: Breaking the Cycle of Violence and Creating More Deeply Caring Communities HarperCollins Publishers Inc, United States, 2016. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Reprint. 203 x 135 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. An international bestseller, Barbara Coloroso s groundbreaking and trusted guide on bullying-including cyberbullying- arms parents... Download eBook » .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Goddesses' Shrine Family: the Munakata Through The
    THE GODDESSES' SHRINE FAMILY: THE MUNAKATA THROUGH THE KAMAKURA ERA by BRENDAN ARKELL MORLEY A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts June 2009 11 "The Goddesses' Shrine Family: The Munakata through the Kamakura Era," a thesis prepared by Brendan Morley in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: e, Chair ofthe Examining Committee ~_ ..., ,;J,.." \\ e,. (.) I Date Committee in Charge: Andrew Edmund Goble, Chair Ina Asim Jason P. Webb Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School III © 2009 Brendan Arkell Morley IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Brendan A. Morley for the degree of Master ofArts in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies to be taken June 2009 Title: THE GODDESSES' SHRINE FAMILY: THE MUNAKATA THROUGH THE KAMAKURA ERA This thesis presents an historical study ofthe Kyushu shrine family known as the Munakata, beginning in the fourth century and ending with the onset ofJapan's medieval age in the fourteenth century. The tutelary deities ofthe Munakata Shrine are held to be the progeny ofthe Sun Goddess, the most powerful deity in the Shinto pantheon; this fact speaks to the long-standing historical relationship the Munakata enjoyed with Japan's ruling elites. Traditional tropes ofJapanese history have generally cast Kyushu as the periphery ofJapanese civilization, but in light ofrecent scholarship, this view has become untenable. Drawing upon extensive primary source material, this thesis will provide a detailed narrative ofMunakata family history while also building upon current trends in Japanese historiography that locate Kyushu within a broader East Asian cultural matrix and reveal it to be a central locus of cultural production on the Japanese archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
    A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first.
    [Show full text]
  • Shintō and Buddhism: the Japanese Homogeneous Blend
    SHINTŌ AND BUDDHISM: THE JAPANESE HOMOGENEOUS BLEND BIB 590 Guided Research Project Stephen Oliver Canter Dr. Clayton Lindstam Adam Christmas Course Instructors A course paper presented to the Master of Ministry Program In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Ministry Trinity Baptist College February 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Stephen O. Canter All rights reserved Now therefore fear the LORD, and serve him in sincerity and in truth: and put away the gods which your fathers served −Joshua TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... vii Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter One: The History of Japanese Religion..................................................................3 The History of Shintō...............................................................................................5 The Mythical Background of Shintō The Early History of Shintō The History of Buddhism.......................................................................................21 The Founder −− Siddhartha Gautama Buddhism in China Buddhism in Korea and Japan The History of the Blending ..................................................................................32 The Sects That Were Founded after the Blend ......................................................36 Pre-War History (WWII) .......................................................................................39
    [Show full text]
  • Communion with the Goddess Series
    Fellowship of Isis Homepage Archive http://www.fellowshipofisis.com Communion with the Goddess Idols, Images and Symbols of the Goddesses: China and Japan By: Lawrence Durdin-Robertson Lawrence Durdin-Robertson 1979 First published: 1979 2nd Impression: 1991 (Note: Formatting has been retained from the original. For personal use only and not to be reprinted or sold online or in any other format. Copyright is held by the heirs of Lawrence-Durdin Robertson and all rights are reserved.) ____________________________________________________________________________________ COMMUNION WITH THE GODDESS THE MANUAL OF THE FELLOWSHIP OF ISIS IDOLS, IMAGES AND SYMBOLS OF THE GODDESSES: CHINA AND JAPAN by Rev. Lawrence Durdin-Robertson, M.A. (Dublin), Baron Strathloch Priest of Isis Cesara Publications Huntington Castle, Clonegal, Enniscorthy, Eire. Printed by DOFAS, 58 Haddington Road, Dublin 4. Anno Deae Cesarae, Hiberniae Dominae, MMMMCCCXXXVIII ` CONTENTS SECTION: PAGE: I. China 1 II. Japan and Korea 22 ` SECTION I - CHINA THE APSARASES. (Watson) in “The Genius of China: An Exhibition of archaeological finds of the People’s Republic of China, London, 1974” : “243. Stele of white marble representing the Buddha Sakya-muni seated under sala tree…excavated 1959 at Lin-chang, Hopei... Heavenly goddesses, apsarases, hold a garland of flowers over the Blessed One…” Eight apsarases are shown, each in the form of a flying nymph with a pair of wings and her wing-like legs bent behind her. Each is naked except for a dhoti and holds with both hands a length of the garland which stretches like an arch over Buddha Sakyamuni’s head. AUNT PIETY. (Gdss. Ind.) “The form of Aunt Piety is said to be normally that of a vixen..
    [Show full text]
  • Speeltuin Der Kami
    VAN RENTERGEM Stephanie Master Oosterse talen en culturen UGent: Academiejaar 2016-2017 Speeltuin der kami Volksgeloof in Yamato Verhandeling voor de lectuuropdracht in het kader van het vak “Masterproef: Japanologie” (Professor Christian Uhl) 0 Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding 3 2. De weg van de kami begint: het vroegste shintoïsme 6 2.1. Verklaring van termen 6 2.1.1. Shintoïsme 6 2.1.2. Kami 7 2.2. De oorsprong van het shintoïsme 13 2.3. Yamato: shintō wordt een systeem 16 3. Bloed, moeders en geesten: kenmerken van animisme 22 3.1. Inleiding 22 3.2. Spreken met geesten 24 3.2.1. Inleiding 24 3.2.2. Aard en benadering van de allervroegste "goden" (en kami) 24 3.2.3. Ouders van de Japanse eilanden 29 3.2.4. Rituele onzuiverheid in Yamato 31 3.3. Spelen met geesten 36 3.3.1. Inleiding 36 3.3.2.1. Bezetenheid in Yamato: menselijk subject 38 3.3.2.1.1. Bezetenheid van buitenuit 39 3.3.2.1.2. Bezetenheid van binnenuit 40 3.3.2.1.3. Bezetenheid van alle kanten 41 3.3.2.1.4. Bezetenheid als macht 43 3.3.2.1.5. Bezetenheid als de allerindividueelste expressie 47 3.3.2.2. Bezetenheid in Yamato: bovenmenselijk subject 47 3.3.3. Conclusie 51 3.4. "Moedermacht" 53 3.4.1. Inleiding 53 3.4.2. Matriarchaat in Yamato 55 3.5. Do ut des 62 3.5.1. Inleiding 62 3.5.2. Offers in Yamato: de vier variëteiten 63 3.5.2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusō Gobusshin Ron
    FUSŌ GOBUSSHIN RON - ENGLISH TRANSLATION – - Fascicle 1 - Translation Treatise on Japan's Protecting Buddha's and Gods - Preface. Anciently, the Great Priest Furi Qisong1 (1007-1072) hid himself near the West Lake for thirty years. Broadly he perused the instructions from Lu2, widely he searched the Indian scriptures, and he wrote down [his findings] in Fujiaobian 輔教編 ("Compilation in aid of the Teaching") and Fei Han 非韓3 ("Refuting Han [Yu]"), thirty chapters in all. He came to the aid of the teachings of Śākya[muni, which] were already on the verge of collapsing. I was forced to withdraw4 to the village Nanmoku,5 [where] I 1 Song Mingjiao dashi is the Chinese priest Furi Qisong 佛日契嵩, a.k.a. Mingjiao-dashi. (N.B. The Japanese pronunciation of the name 契嵩 is "Kaisū.") Amongst other things, he was an exponent of the sanjiao heyi 三教合一 ("Unity of the Three Teachings"). Bussho kaisetsu daijiten lists six titles under his name. 2 The words "the instructions of Lu" are evidently opposed to the words "Indian scriptures," i.e. Buddhist texts. The same applies to the seven loci one can find through the "SAT Daizōkyō Text Database"; here, too, the words are opposed to zhufen 竺墳, (six times) and shidian 釋典 (one time). The term evidently refers to the Confucian corpus (perhaps to Lunyu?). The compound is not listed in Morohashi, 3 Both in Fujiaobian (3 fasc.) and in Fei Han, Qisong takes a non-exclusivist position towards Confucianism and Taoism. N.B. For the change of the characters in the titles, see Honkoku, note 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Myths of Descent from Heaven and Their Korean Parallels
    Japanese Myths of Descent from Heaven and Their Korean Parallels By O b a y a s h i T a r y o Tokyo University, Tokyo I ntroduction There are several myths in Japan which describe how a deity descended from heaven to earth.1 These myths have been attracting increasing interest in recent years, especially among advocates of the hypothesis that horseriders invaded Japan from the Korean peninsula to found the Japanese Empire. Yet there is still only a microscopic literature on this subject in the English language.2 The present paper treats a type of descent myth typified by the tale of Nigihayahi 饒速曰，a grandson of the sun-goddess Amaterasu 天照. The best known of the descent myths, however, is that of his younger brother Ninigi 項々梓，and accordingly it would be salutary to present the myth of the younger brother first. According to the Kojiki 古事記 and the Nihon shoki 日本書紀（both chronicles compiled by the central government in the early eighth century a.d.)，Ninigi descended onto Mt. Takachiho 髙千穂 in the part of Kyushu known as Himuka 日向 having been ordained and blessed by the major aeities in heaven to be the legitimate ruler of the earth. During his descent Ninigi was ac­ companied by a retinue which included the ancestors of warrior families as well as deities with a priestly function. A mirror, a sword, and a jewel, comprising the three imperial regalia, betokened his heavenly origin and his legitimacy as the trueborn ruler of the terrestrial world. This descent of JNinigi constitutes a major event in the orthodox, official myth system of early Japan, emphasizing as it does the heavenly origin of the imperial family line.
    [Show full text]
  • Bride-Stealing" and Royal Power in Classical Japanese Literature
    "Bride-Stealing" and Royal Power in Classical Japanese Literature by Aki Hasebe B.A., Kokugakuin University, 1992 A THESIS SUBMITTED LN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN STUDIES We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 1999 © Aki Hasebe 1999 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. 1 further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of A S] (Xh Stud)?.S The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date July 26 . /99 9 DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT In premodern Japanese literature, we often find episodes that can be described as being about "bride-stealing": a man steals a woman to make her his mate. However, this kind of episode has not been focused on as a literary trope. This kind of episode is a literary tradition which we can trace back to the earliest written works in Japan, such as the Kojiki (721). This thesis aims to find out the connections between these earliest works and Heian fiction and the development of this literary tradition in relation to the trope of "bride-stealing." Turning my attention to the facts that the abducted women are usually related to the royal family, and that the noblemen who successfully execute their abductions seem also to be successful in their political careers after this event, I hypothesize that the concept of the trope of "bride-stealing" includes not only stealing a woman but also a stealing of the imperial power (pkeri) or right to rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of the Sword Futsunomitama-No-Tsurugi in the Origin of the Japanese Bushidō Tradition
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2018.6.2.211-227 211 Role of the Sword Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi in the Origin of the Japanese Bushidō Tradition G. Björn CHRISTIANSON, Mikko VILENIUS, Humitake SEKI*17 Abstract One of the formative narratives in Japanese martial arts is the bestowal of the mystical sword Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi upon Emperor Jinmu, the legendary founder of Japan. Within the Kashima Shinden Bujutsu lineage, this bestowal is attested as a critical event in the initiation of the principles of bushidō martiality. However, the practical reasons for its signicance have been unclear. Drawing on historical and archaeological records, in this paper we hypothesise that the physical conformation of the legendary sword Fut- sunomitama-no-tsurugi represented a comparatively incremental progression from the one-handed short swords imported from mainland Asia. ese modications allowed for a new, two-handed style of swordsmanship, and therefore it was the combination of the physical conformation of Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi and the development of appropriate techniques for wielding it that formed the basis of the martial signicance of the “Law of Futsu-no-mitama”. We also argue that this new tradition of swordsmanship was the nu- cleus around which the Kashima Shinden Bujutsu lineage would develop, and therefore represented a critical rst step towards the later concepts of bushidō. We also present a working model of what the techniques for usage of Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi might have been, and provide an account of an experiment testing its application. Keywords: bushidō, Kashima Shinden Bujutsu, Japan, archaeology, sword Vloga meča Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi na začetku japonske tradicije bushidōja Izvleček Ena od temeljnih pripovedi v kontekstu japonskih borilnih veščin je podelitev mistične- ga meča Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi cesarju Jinmuju, legendarnemu ustanovitelju Japon- ske.
    [Show full text]
  • Reception and Commentary of Nihon Shoki, Japan's First Official History
    Rewriting the Past: Reception and Commentary of Nihon shoki, Japan’s First Official History Matthieu Anthony James Felt Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2017 © 2017 Matthieu Anthony James Felt All rights reserved ABSTRACT Rewriting the Past: Reception and Commentary of Nihon shoki, Japan’s First Official History Matthieu Anthony James Felt This study traces the diverse interpretations of Japan’s oldest official history, the 720 Nihon shoki, from its earliest scholarly treatment in the ninth century until its enshrinement within the canon of Japanese national literature in the modern period. Elites in the early eighth century produced a number of texts that described the fundamental principles of the world and the contours of the Japanese empire, such as Kojiki (712), Kaifūsō (751), Man’yōshū (late 8th c.), and as the official court narrative, Nihon shoki. While each of these possesses its own “imperial imagination,” Nihon shoki is distinct because it heavily incorporates historical polities across Northeast Asia, especially on the Korean peninsula, in creating a narrative of ancient Japan in the world. Further, Nihon shoki, while written primarily in Literary Sinitic, also includes elements of the Japanese vernacular, and rather than delineating a single orthodox narrative, provides a number of alternative, conflicting accounts of Japanese mythology. These characteristics animated much of the debate surrounding the text’s proper reading and meaning as later commentators grappled with its exegesis. The dissertation comprises an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter analyzes the discourse surrounding the Nihon shoki in the eighth and ninth centuries, when lectures were periodically given on the text at court.
    [Show full text]
  • Taoist Thought, Political Speculation, and the Three Creational Deities of the Kojiki
    Taoist Thought, Political Speculation, and the Three Creational Deities of the Kojiki Nelly Naumann »The names of the deities that came into existence in the Plain of High Heaven when Heaven and Earth began to unfold were Ame.no mi-naka-nushi.no kami, next Taka-mi-musubi.no kami, next Kami-musubi.no kami. These three deities all came into existence as single deities, and they hid their bodies« – thus the first sentences of the Kojiki (NKBT 1: 50/51; cf. CHAMBERLAIN 1982 [1882]: 15; PHILIPPI 1969: 47). They mark the beginning of the mythical narrative; but instead of the plastic, figurative style of myth they give the strong impression of speculative thinking. This has not escaped scholarly attention. In his first »additional note« Philippi (1969: 397) more or less repeats the opinion of Matsumura Takeo (1955: 39) when he writes: »Among the first triad of deities, Amë-nö-mi-naka-nusi-nö-kamï appears to be the embodiment of an abstract concept rather than an object of religious worship. Kamï-musubi-nö- kamï seems to be merely the counterpart, perhaps the female counterpart, of Taka-mi-musubi-nö-kamï, the only one of the three to play an active rôle in the mythology outside of Chapter 1«. He further deems the first two chapters to be »the intellectual products of the literati familiar with Chinese culture who were charged with editing a national mythology«, adding a reference to Tsuda Sô- kichi's Nihon koten no kenkyû (I: 325-41). Meanwhile, studies by Kojima Noriyuki (1962) and Hirohata Sukeo (1977) devoted especially to the elucidation of Chinese influence on the Kojiki and other early Japanese texts touch again upon these problems.
    [Show full text]
  • III. TRANSLATION (1:1A) Hayashi Dōshun Once Published an Inquiry
    III. TRANSLATION (1:1a) Hayashi Dōshun once published An Inquiry into the Shrines of Our Country in three fascicles.1 To [this text] he added passages related to Buddhism, which he had collected [from his sources]. Things that did not suit him, he discussed on the basis of his own private insights,2 maligning [Buddhism] to his heart's content, and going to the depth of his poisonous envy. He did nothing but revile the splendid achievements3 of the Sages and thus led astray the foolish feelings of ordinary people. Anyone who is amongst the followers of the [Buddha] cannot but be deeply pained when he sees this. This being the case, a man who had great talents,4 a mature judgment,5 and a reputation [to maintain] in the world6 would have been circumspect and scrupulous on many points, and would not have discussed [these matters] lightly. For several decades this book has spread unchecked throughout the realm. (1:1b) Quite frequently uneducated Shinto priests have used it to engage in empty speculation7 and to destroy ancient [arrangements]. Stupid laymen, avid for novelties, have leapt at these heterodox [notions] and lost the truth. 1 Honchō jinja kō had been published by 1659. In the list he compiled of his father's published works (Henchoshomoku, dated Manji 2/12/14), Hayashi Gahō mentions a Jinja-kō, in 3 fascicles, and adds "recently published." (Razan-sensei shishū vol. 2, appendix 4, p. 63a). The book itself has no dated prefaces or postfaces, and only two of the many, many printed copies listed in the Nihon kotenseki sōgō mokuroku Database of Kokubunken apparently carry a colophon that specifies publishers and dates.
    [Show full text]