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Redupucation in Kom ) a Morphmyntactic Study J UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE I UNIVERSITE DE YAOUNDE I FACULTY OF ARTS, LETTERS FACULTE DES ARTS, LJClTRES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND LEVGUISTICS DEPARTEMENT DES LANGUES AFRICAINES ET LINGUISTIQUES ( REDUPUCATION IN KOM ) A MORPHMYNTACTIC STUDY J A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Master's Degree in General Linguistics BY: JUDITH FONYUY MOW B. A Horn (English) DIPES 11 (English) SUPERVISED BY: Dr. Pius N. TAMANJI Dr. Gratiana NDAMSAH Department ofLingiristics Department of Linguistics University of Yaounde I University of Yaounde I Yaounde, December 2003 . ,.... .I. ;, ., ,....; ,.'? .., .. ,. ..,. .. ii DEDICATION This Woi-k is clcdicatcd to my bclovcd ones: - My husband, Agha-ah Blasius Chiatoh - My kids: Divinc Justice Banye, Clovis Godlove Bongnyaang, Larissa Fulai Agha-ah, and Brandon Alicm Nyuydine Agha-ah - My parcnts MrIMi-s Ilcnry Nyuyctinc Moyc ... 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1:irsI olall. I \\*ill 1li;ink the Almighty God. [lie Crc;ilor and giver of lire, iiir creatiiig iiic arid giving nit: the couragc and pnlieiicc to conic OLII with [his work. My special thanks also go to my Supervisors, Dr Pius N. Tanianji and Dr. Nclaiisali GI-aciana for their supervision orthis work. I also owe gratitude to my bclovctl litisbandl Mr Agha-ah Blasiiis Chiatohf who has worked relentlessly Iix (lie SIICCCSS of this work. I.le acted as my reference iiirorniant, a teacher and ;I pr&l. reader to this work. Thanks Tor your love and encouragement. My ilimks ;iIw go to iiiy kids for their love and understanding. My sincere thanks also yo IC) niy p;ii-eiits, Mr Nyiiydiiie I-leiiry Moye, Mus Nyuydine Mary-Anne Koiigliiii. Mrs Banka Elizabeth and Mania Martina Fulai for their continual love, ciirc and advice. I will also seize this opportunity to thank Mr Alfred Vensu Tor cori-cctiiig his woi-k and Mr Cliongwain Ireiius for proof-rcading it. I am also grt!kl.til to niy brothers, sisters and friends, especially Dr Moye Godwin Boi?gy~i, Mr Moyc .luclc Ucrinytiy, Miss Moye Marie-Claire Kinyuy, MriMt-s Maiino .I!iIitis, Mr/Mi-s Nclzelen Eric, Miss Fai Pascaline, Mrs Njobara Grace, MriMrs \Viysa!iiiytiy Ahei, Fr. Athanasius S., Brother Manjo Livinus, MriMrs Njtia ~%i~istoplier,Mi-/Mi-s Mbiiikar- Fidelis, Mrs Mkong Emerencia, menibers of the Siiitil .I!itle Aposkhie or (he Yaounde chapter and Lo all other Moyes Tor their Iwe aid compmy. My final thanks go to hlriMrs Seke Chiisantus and their tlauglitcr Vel-nyuy Theodora who have been helping me with my duties as a mollicr lor niorc than seven years now. This has gone a long way to help me in C iiiy sttidies. Claris, Mfar Nyuydine, Rose (1 b- Nckclen. and relatives who have assisted iiic iii one way or the other bnd their names have not featured here, I say thank you iv ABBREVIATIONS /\<I Advcrb Adj . Adjcctive Agr.M Agreement Markcr i\ SI>.hl Aspect Marker hSkI Associative Markcr I3Cll Uciicficiary ('I. 1'1~1' Class Prefix C'. M . Concot-d Marker ('.I<. C'orl-cs~l'ondcll~cI<cspoilsc 1)cino.Atlj Dcmonstrative Adjective lkr.1'. Dcrivational Prcfix I)cs.Atlj. Descriptive Adjective 1)cs.h.I. Descriptive Marker I)iii-.A Durative Aspect l)iii-.A. M. Durative Aspect Marker 1; I Near Future I:2 Remote Future 1:. co 11. h.1 Future Continuous Tense Marker F.h4 Future Tense Marker Incon1.A. I nconipletive Aspect 1 nd. Md Indicative Mood In 1.. M . Infinitive Marker Inter. Md. Interrogative Mood Illtcl-.M. Interrogative Marker Motl. Mood N Noun " Noun Bai- N.CI.'( iW) Noun Class (Prefix) N I' Noun Phrase V N . I’r I. Noun I’rcfix N.K NOLIIIRoot N.S Nomi SulTix 017. Md. Optative mood I’.A. Progressive A.spect 1’cr.A. I’crfective Aspect I’ I iicccnt ~’nsi‘rcllsc 1’2 Today Past Tense 1’3 Yesterday Past Tense 1’4 I?cmote Past Tense l’.roll.bl Past Continuous Tense Markcr I’.T. M Past Tense Marker 1’1. bl I’lural Marker PI’ Prepositional Phrase 1’1-.1’ I’ronoun l’hrasc I’rcp Pi-eposition 1’1 I’IK’I’.M Present Tense Marker 11.c. Relative Clause S.M Singular Marker SVA (1’) Subject Verb Adverb of Place SVA (T) Subject Verb Adverb of Time SVO Subject Verb Object S VO A Subject Verb Objcct Adverb I‘.A.M. Temporal Aspect Marker T.M Tense Marker U ni-c;l I. Asp. M Unrcalised Aspect Marker V’ Verb Bar v.11 Verb Root v.s verb Suffix v I’ Verb Phrase You (1’1) YOLIin plural vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .. L) 1: illC'A TION ..................... ... /\C'KNOWLEUGEMENTS ............................. .................................. 111 ~\1313Rl:VIAT1ONS ......................................... ............................................ iv 'I-,\I3 1. 1; (11; CONTENTS ................................ ..\l3sTl<l\("r ........................................ C'I l~\l"l'lil< ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION........ I .(I Ih'Tl<OllUCTION ..... ................................. ....................................... I I.I oi3ii:crivE AND SIGNIFICANCE. .......................... 1.2 SC~OI~I.;OF -riw WORK ............................ ....................................... 2 I .3 R.113T110DOLOGY ............................. ......................................... I .J Cil:OGRAPl ......................................... 3 I .7 LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION .... I .X l'l ll~~C)l<~iTl~A I .O I<IiVIliLV OF LITERATURE ............................ ........................................... I I 1.9.1 WoIks on Kom ..................................... ............................. I .0.2 I.itci-atui-c on licduplication I .0.3 Literatui-c Rcl 3 I. IO i)I'.I~INITION I.IO. I I<ctluplication ................................. ............................................................ I5 I. 10.2 R.lorpho-sytl ............................................ I6 4 I. IO.? GI-animatic ....................... ................... 17 I . 10.4 wol-d Catcg I. 10.5 Coi-respondcnc 1 1.1 I CONCLUSION ......................... ....................................................................... 18 CI Ihl'Tl~llTWO: REDUPLICATION OF KOM VERBS, ADJECTIVES AND II ADVERBS ............................................................... I9 2.0 INTRODUCTION ................................... ...................................... 19 2.1 KOM VERBS ......................................... ...................................... 19 2. I. I Kom Vcrb Stnicture ................................ .................................................... 19 ~ ... 2.1.2 Vcrb Classltlcatlon ......................................... ....................................... 21 2. I.?. I Verb Classification According to Valency ................................ 2. I .2.2 Classification According to Structures ............................................................. 22 2. I .2.3 Classification According to Underlying Tone Pattern 2. I .3 Tense, Aspcct, Mood, Valency ........ ............................... 2. I .3. I Tciisc in Korn ................................................................... 2. I .3.I. I Present Tense .................................................................................................... 24 2.1 3.1 .2 Past Tense .................................... ........................................................... 25 A) The Recent I'ast (PI) .......................... ................................................ 25 vii 13) 'loclay I'ast TCllSC (P2) (') Ycsterciay i';lst ~rcllsc(1'3): .................................................................................... 26 1)) 'l'llc: RclllOLc I'iISt 'I'CllSC (1'4) ................................................................................. 26 2.I.i.I.Z Future Tense.. ............... A ) Kiclll. I~llllIl~C1CllSC (F1) ................................... 1%) I<~~II~)~~i.-lmc Tense (~2) 2.1..3.? Aspcct'in Koni ............ 2.1.3.2.1 Thc Progressive Aspec 2. I J2.2 'Ilie Tcnipoi-a1 Aspcct .................. 2.1... 2.3 'rile i)ril-ativc Aspect ... 2, I .3.2.4 'llic IiicoinIiIctivc Aspect .................................................................................. 30 2. I .3.7.5 'Hie C'oinplctivc Aspect ... ........................................................................ 30 2. I .3.2.6 Tlic Perfective Aspect ...... ..... ...... .... 3 I 2. 1.3.2.7 Tlic tinrcalised Aspect ...................................................................................... 31 2. I ..I3 hloocl iii Kom Verbs ................. 2. 1.3.3. I Vie Imperative Mood __. ........................................................................ 32 2.I.3.i.7 Tlic llortative Mood. .... 2. 1.3.3.3 l3c Optative Mood ........................................................................................... 33 2.1 .i.3.4 The Interrogative Mood ...................................... 2.2 IlIEI~UI'LICATION OF VERBS .................. 2.2. I Rcduplication of Verbs to Denote Tenses ............................................................. 35 2.2.1. I Verbs Rcduplicated to Express the Present Continuous Tense ....... 2.2. I .2 Vci-l) lieduplicatccl to Denote the Past Continuous Tense ................................ 36 2.2. I .3 Verb Iletluplicated to denote tlie Future Continuous Tense .......... 37 2.7.1.4 Tonal changes in verbs with verb root structure ............................................... 37 2.2. 1.5 'Toiial clianges in verbs with verb root and verb suffix structure ...... 2.2.2 I<ccluplicatioli ofverbs to denote Aspect ............................................................... 40 2.2.2. I Iledupiication in the Durative Aspect .... 2.2.2.2 I<cduplicationto denote tlie Completive Aspects -1773 .-. -. Tonal 1ich;iviour of
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