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The Dynamics of Language: Plenary and Focus from the 20Th ICLcover16spineFinal.pdf 1 2018/06/08 13:46 PLENARY AND FOCUS LECTURES FROM THE 20 PLENARY THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE PLENARY AND FOCUS LECTURES FROM THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF LINGUISTS The This volume gives a multi-faceted view of how specialists view language and the development of the eld of linguistics today. The approaches surveyed here range from the historical to the structural, generative, psychological, sociological and applied. They involve varying degrees of Dynamics emphasis on form, content, use and social and socio-political hierarchies. While these views are global, Africa and the Global South are strongly represented. The Comité International Permanent des Linguistes (Permanent International Committee of Linguists) was founded in 1928. In July 2018, of for its 20th congress, it met for the rst time in Africa, in Cape Town. The C theme for 2018, The Dynamics of Language, connects with the major ways M of studying the phenomenon of language while being responsive to the TH Y diversity of its contexts in the early 21st century. CONGRESS OF LINGUISTS INTERNATIONAL CM Included in the volume are 19 chapters by leading scholars from a MY comprehensive range of subdisciplines representing work from all parts CY of the world. Six of the contributors are based in South Africa; many Language CMY others are from other parts of Africa or are reporting on research done in PLENARY AND FOCUS LECTURES FROM K Africa. Research from other parts of the world is also well represented, THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS particularly from Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Oceania. OF LINGUISTS The editors: Rajend Mesthrie is Professor of Linguistics and SARCHI Chair of Migration, Language and Social Change, and an A-rated scholar, at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. David Bradley is Professor of Linguistics at La Trobe University, Australia, and President of the UNESCO Comité International Permanent des Linguistes. Edited by Rajend MESTHRIE www.uctpress.co.za and David BRADLEY The Dynamics of Language Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 1 2018/06/08 14:53 Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 2 2018/06/08 14:53 The Dynamics of Language PLENARY AND FOCUS LECTURES FROM THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF LINGUISTS Cape Town, July 2018 Edited by Rajend Mesthrie University of Cape Town South Africa and David Bradley La Trobe University Australia Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 3 2018/06/08 14:53 The Dynamics of Language Plenary and focus lectures from the 20th International Congress of Linguists First published 2018 by UCT Press an imprint of Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd First Floor Sunclare Building 21 Dreyer Street Claremont 7708 PO Box 14373, Lansdowne, 7779, Cape Town, South Africa © 2018 The Authors www.uctpress.co.za ISBN 978-1-77582-236-3 Web PDF 978-1-77582-237-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Subject to any applicable licensing terms and conditions in the case of electronically supplied publications, a person may engage in fair dealing with a copy of this publication for his or her personal or private use, or his or her research or private study. See Section 12(1)(a) of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978. Project Manager: Glenda Younge Proofreader: Andy Thesen Typesetter: Wouter Reinders Cover designer: Gavin Younge Typeset in 10.5 pt on 13 pt Times New Roman The authors and the publisher believe on the strength of due diligence exercised that this work does not contain any material that is the subject of copyright held by another person. In the alternative, they believe that any protected pre-existing material that may be comprised in it has been used with appropriate authority or has been used in circumstances that make such use permissible under the law. This book has been independently peer-reviewed by academics who are experts in the field. Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 4 2018/06/08 14:53 Contents Acknowledgements vii List of figures and tables ix Chapter 1 – The dynamics of language: Contemporary views 1 Rajend Mesthrie & David Bradley Chapter 2 – The dynamics of language diversity 12 Nicholas Evans Chapter 3 – Language contact and evolutionary linguistics: 36 An African(ist)’s and creolist’s perspective Salikoko S. Mufwene Chapter 4 – Morphology-phonology interface and tone realisation in 52 some Bantu languages: Residual problems Al Mtenje Chapter 5 – Sound perspectives? Speech and speaker dynamics over a 74 century of Scottish English Jane Stuart-Smith Chapter 6 – Adaptability and meaning potential 93 Jef Verschueren Chapter 7 – Bilinguals’ brain plasticity can be subtractive too: 110 Is less more? Loraine Obler Chapter 8 – A phylogenetic study of North-Western Bantu and 120 South Bantoid languages Rebecca Grollemund, Jean-Marie Hombert & Simon Bradford Chapter 9 – A sixth language family of India: Great Andamanese, its 134 historical status and salient present-day features Anvita Abbi Chapter 10 – Language contact research: Three challenges and 153 opportunities Pieter Muysken Chapter 11 – Variation and change in a changing world: 161 New perspectives on classic questions Devyani Sharma Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 5 2018/06/08 14:53 vi THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE Chapter 12 – Individual and community level variation in phonetics 176 and phonology Andries W. Coetzee Chapter 13 – Dynamic perspectives in language processing 193 Paul Warren Chapter 14 – Derivations or constraints? Core aspects of syntax and 204 morphology in competing grammatical frameworks Jochen Zeller Chapter 15 – A dynamic lexicographic practice for diverse users and 231 changing technologies Rufus H. Gouws Chapter 16 – New modes of interaction, new modes of integration: 245 A sociolinguistic perspective on a sociological keyword Jan Blommaert, Jelke Brandehof & Monika Nemcova Chapter 17 – Multilingualism across the lifespan: The family as a space 257 for language learning, and practices and policies Elizabeth Lanza Chapter 18 – Language policy in African higher education: 264 Between dependency and decolonisation Alamin Mazrui & Kimani Njogu Chapter 19 – Language studies in times of transformation: 280 Multiple perspectives Rajend Mesthrie, Mark de Vos, Sally Hunt & Mantoa Motinyane Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 6 2018/06/08 14:53 Acknowledgements The editors are very grateful to the authors of the chapters included in this volume for their timely and valuable contributions. We would like to thank several people involved in the production of this book: • The Scientific Committee of ICL20 for their inputs. • Dr Piet van Sterkenburg of CIPL for initial guidance on the book. • Sandy Shepherd of UCT Press for fast-tracking the production process. • Prof Mark de Vos and the Linguistics Society of Southern Africa for their support. • Two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript for their insights. • Dr Alida Chevalier for back up throughout the editing process. • Dr Yolandi Ribbens-Klein for technical assistance, especially pertaining to diagrams and fonts. • Bruce Wileman for assistance with the first proofs. We thank the National Institute of the Humanities (South Africa), whose logo is reproduced below, for a conference grant that covered the main costs of production of this book. We also thank the National Research Foundation for a SARCHI grant to Prof Mesthrie (Grant No. 64805 – Migration, Language & Social Change), which provided the academic resources and support for the editing. We also acknowledge additional financial support from the Comité International Permanent des Linguistes for the production of this volume. The Editors. Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 7 2018/06/08 14:53 Dynamics_of_language_BOOK.indb 8 2018/06/08 14:53 List of figures and tables Figures Figure 2.1: Distribution of Papuan and Australian languages across the 17 typological space of a sample of languages from around the world. Figure 5.1: Long-term average spectrum showing peak and front slope for /s/ 79 said by a working-class woman. Figure 5.2: Average spectral peak (Hz) and front slope (transformed dB) for 79 /s/ in 32 Glaswegian speakers. Figure 5.3: Linear Mixed Effects Model (LMEM) estimates of spectral peak 80 (Hz) for initial /s ʃ/ for 32 Glaswegian vernacular speakers by decade of birth. Figure 5.4: Linear Mixed Effects Model estimates of spectral front slope (dB) 81 for initial /s ʃ/ for 32 Glaswegian vernacular speakers by decade of birth. Figure 5.5: Key UTI frames of an adult male speaker from West Lothian, 84 saying ‘car’ with a covert tip-raising gesture in the production of coda /r/. Figure 5.6: Scatterplots of strongest correlations for 15 adolescent speakers 85 of Glaswegian. Figure 5.7: Percentage of weak rhotic variants of coda /r/ in the six Western 86 Central Belt BL men. Figure 5.8: Linear Mixed Effects Model estimates for change in F3 (Hz) in 87 seven stressed monophthongs from 24 older speakers of Glaswegian by gender and decade of recording. Figure 6.1: Structure of a theory of pragmatics. 98 Figure 6.2: Dimensions to be ‘mapped’. 98 Figure 8.1: Simplified Niger-Congo tree. 120 Figure 8.2: Location of South Bantoid and Bantu languages studied in the 124 North-Western area. Figure 8.3: Network of 207 Bantu and South Bantoid languages. 126 Figure 8.4: Bayesian consensus tree of 207 Bantoid and Bantu languages. 128 Figure 8.5: Enlarged North-Western area divided according to the groupings 131 distinguished in the trees (Bantoid and Mbam-Bubi group, North-Western area, Central area). Figure 9.1: Southeast Asia and location of the Andaman Islands. 135 Figure 9.2: Geographical distribution of Andaman Islanders in the present 136 times and in the early 19th century. Figure 9.3: Great Andamanese and its regional varieties. 137 Figure 10.1: Basic factors operating in language contact. 155 Figure 11.1: Proportion of individuals claiming white English/Welsh/Scottish/ 165 Northern Irish/British status in Greater London.
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