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Linguapax Review 2010 Linguapax Review 2010 LINGUAPAX REVIEW 2010 MATERIALS / 6 / MATERIALS Col·lecció Materials, 6 Linguapax Review 2010 Linguapax Review 2010 Col·lecció Materials, 6 Primera edició: febrer de 2011 Editat per: Amb el suport de : Coordinació editorial: Josep Cru i Lachman Khubchandani Traduccions a l’anglès: Kari Friedenson i Victoria Pounce Revisió dels textos originals en anglès: Kari Friedenson Revisió dels textos originals en francès: Alain Hidoine Disseny i maquetació: Monflorit Eddicions i Assessoraments, sl. ISBN: 978-84-15057-12-3 Els continguts d’aquesta publicació estan subjectes a una llicència de Reconeixe- ment-No comercial-Compartir 2.5 de Creative Commons. Se’n permet còpia, dis- tribució i comunicació pública sense ús comercial, sempre que se’n citi l’autoria i la distribució de les possibles obres derivades es faci amb una llicència igual a la que regula l’obra original. La llicència completa es pot consultar a: «http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/deed.ca» LINGUAPAX REVIEW 2010 Centre UNESCO de Catalunya Barcelona, 2011 4 CONTENTS PRESENTATION Miquel Àngel Essomba 6 FOREWORD Josep Cru 8 1. THE HISTORY OF LINGUAPAX 1.1 Materials for a history of Linguapax 11 Fèlix Martí 1.2 The beginnings of Linguapax 14 Miquel Siguan 1.3 Les débuts du projet Linguapax et sa mise en place 17 au siège de l’UNESCO Joseph Poth 1.4 FIPLV and Linguapax: A Quasi-autobiographical 23 Account Denis Cunningham 1.5 Defending linguistic and cultural diversity 36 1.5 La defensa de la diversitat lingüística i cultural Fèlix Martí 2. GLIMPSES INTO THE WORLD’S LANGUAGES TODAY 2.1 Living together in a multilingual world. Holistic 53 approach to promoting lesser-used languages. Tackling endangered languages Lachman Khubchandani 2.2 [AFRICA] Cameroun : Progrès et défis en promotion 68 de la diversité linguistique 2010 Gabriel Mba e v i e w R 2.3 [LATIN AMERICA] En torno a la política y planeación 76 lingüísticas en el contexto latinoamericano i n g u a p a x José Antonio Flores Farfán L 2.4 [ASIA] Threatened Languages in Southeast Asia: 88 , 6 — Focus on Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and the ALS i Philippines. ER t Maya Khemlani David A M 5 2.5 [EURASIA] The languages in the Russian Federation 100 Bosya E. Kornusova, Aleksey A. Burykin, Yagfar Z. Garipov 2.6 [EUROPE] Voices in harmony. The evolution of the 123 European Union’s linguistic policy Dónall Ó Riagáin 2.7 [NORTH AMERICA] Hope: Aboriginal language use in 132 Canada Olenka Bilash 2.8 [PACIFIC] Plaidoyer pour le plurilinguisme a l’école 157 caledonienne Laurent Edo CONCLUDING REMARKS Alicia Fuentes-Calle 164 2010 e v i e w R i n g u a p a x L , 6 — ALS i ER t A M 6 PRESENTATION The beginning of 2011 has seen pro- L’any 2011 ha arrencat amb convulsions found social upheaval which will signif- socials profundes que, passi el que passi icantly impact history, whatever hap- d’ara endavant, ja han deixat una petjada pens next. The international economic important en la història. La crisi econòmi- crisis is developing into a type of social ca internacional s’està prolongant en for- and moral crisis in many countries, es- ma de crisi social i moral en molts països, pecially in the Arab World. There is in- en especial del món àrab. S’incrementa a creasing demand on a global scale for a escala global l’ànsia per un nou ordre polí- new, fairer political order that is none tic més just, que no és un altre que el de la other than traditional democracy. vella democràcia. In the same way that many of us are ex- De la mateixa manera que som molts els pecting the economic crisis to teach us que esperem que la crisi econòmica ens the need to transform production and ensenyi la necessitat de transformar els consumption using sustainable param- modes de producció i de consum sota parà- eters, the social and moral crisis should metres més sostenibles, la crisi social i mo- teach us that the only sustainable sys- ral ens hauria d’ensenyar que l’únic sistema tem over time and on a global level is the que pot gaudir de sostenibilitat en el temps democratic system. i tots els espais és el democràtic. Building democracy is slow and diffi- La construcció democràtica és lenta i pesa- cult, and is often challenged by inter- rosa, es veu sovint assetjada pels interessos ests from the commercial world. How- particulars que provenen del món econò- ever, it is the only path to understand- mic, però és l’únic camí per comprendre ing that, for now, there is no society que, ara com ara, no hi ha societat sense without freedom. This freedom means llibertat. Una llibertat que significa garantir, guaranteeing, preserving and promot- preservar i promoure drets inalienables de ing the inalienable rights of citizens. ciutadania. It goes without saying that, to a great No cal dir que els drets culturals són, en extent, cultural rights are at the heart bona mesura, part del nucli vertebrador of a society that is democratic, free and que configura una societat democràtica, cohesive. Without culture there would lliure i cohesionada. Sense cultura no hi ha 2010 not be development. Within cultural desenvolupament. I en el marc d’aquests e v i e w rights, linguistic rights play an impor- drets, els lingüístics hi tenen un paper des- R tant role due to the importance of lan- tacat atesa la importància de les llengües guage to help us interpret and trans- com mitjà d’interpretació i de transforma- i n g u a p a x L form the world. ció del món. , 6 — In this context, the international organ- En aquest marc que dibuixem, la institució internacional Linguapax té més sentit que ALS isation Linguapax is more relevant than i ER ever. Its mission is to defend and pro- mai: una organització que té per missió de- t A mote linguistic diversity as well as lin- fensar i promoure la diversitat lingüística i M 7 guistic rights around the world, always els drets lingüístics arreu del planeta, sem- diligent to world events and adapting pre amatent als esdeveniments del món i its strategy to the requirements of the adaptant la seva estratègia als requeriments moment. Without going far, and con- del moment. Sense anar gaire lluny, i pen- sidering the here and now, it is clear to sant en l’ara i l’aquí, tenim clar que en una us that at a time of profound upheaval època de convulsió profunda com l’actual, la such as now, we have to respond calmly resposta ha de ser calmada i aportar anàli- and analytically. We strongly believe si; creiem fermament que les crisis socials that managing social crises should be cal gestionar-les partint del coneixement i based on knowledge and research. la recerca. The Linguapax Review is a new project Per això aquest 2011 neix Linguapax Revi- that aims to be a «watchtower» on the ew. Un projecte nou que, a mig termini, as- situation of linguistic rights in the pira a esdevenir una talaia privilegiada so- world, to make progress in promoting bre la situació dels drets lingüístics al món and identifying good practice, and de- i, d’aquesta manera, avançar en la seva pro- nouncing the contravention of linguis- moció, en la identificació de bones pràcti- tic rights. ques, en la denúncia de la seva vulneració. Linguapax Review is another part of the Linguapax Review és, i serà, una peça més complex process of collaboration and en el complex engranatge de complicitats initiatives which have to encourage us i d’iniciatives que ens han de dur a tots a all to work towards societies that are treballar per societats més democràtiques, more democratic, freer and more re- més lliures i més respectuoses amb la di- spectful of linguistic diversity. These versitat lingüística. Unes condicions impres- conditions are essential if we are to pur- cindibles si allò que perseguim, no només sue authentically sustainable human en la retòrica sinó també en la pràctica, és development, not only rhetorically, but un desenvolupament humà autènticament also in practice. sostenible. Miquel Àngel Essomba Miquel Àngel Essomba President of Linguapax President de Linguapax 2010 e v i e w R i n g u a p a x L , 6 — ALS i ER t A M 8 FOREWORD With an international network consisting of more than forty active members linked in various ways to the promotion of language diversity, the idea of drafting a review on this topic has been on the Linguapax agenda for some time now. The authors, pooled in this first issue from the Linguapax network, have been asked to give an overview of the current opportunities and threats involved in the management of language diversity in their region, keeping in mind an audience as broad as possible. The collection of articles that follows forms, therefore, the first issue of a series of reviews which will deal with key themes related to the management of language diversity through a combination of both expert and activist perspectives. The goal of this first Review is, thus, twofold. Firstly, it aims to present readers with a brief history of Linguapax, an idea, or rather an ideal, which, with or without UNESCO, has gathered many activists around the world in the promotion of language diversity in general and multilingual education in particular. Secondly, it sets out to assess what is happening to the world’s languages in different continents with a view to raising awareness of language loss and the impact that this has on people’s lives.
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