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La Paz, Enero De 2019
La Paz, enero de 2019 1 Roberto Aguilar Gómez MINISTRO DE EDUCACIÓN Valentín Roca Guarachi VICEMINISTRO DE EDUCACIÓN REGULAR Edmundo Ramiro Cuentas Delgadillo DIRECTOR GENERAL DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA EQUIPO TÉCNICO DE LA DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA COMUNITARIA PRODUCTIVA Anibal Tarifa Ferrano Cesar Víctor Canqui Huanca Edgar Fernández Mamani Iver Orlando Flores Encinas Limbert Pinedo Pinedo Miguel Ángel Atto Menchaca Natalia Martha Llanque Calle Noel Pedro Sanches Aguilar Reynaldo Choque Choque Rodrigo Diego Díaz Vargas Sandra Griselda Tórrico La Revolución Educativa, Avanza 2 3 VICEMINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN REGULAR DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA CAMPO: COMUNIDAD Y SOCIEDAD COMUNICACIÓN Y LENGUAJES: LENGUA CASTELLANA Y ORIGINARIA LENGUA EXTRANJERA CIENCIAS SOCIALES EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA Y DEPORTES EDUCACIÓN MUSICAL ARTES PLÁSTICAS Y VISUALES La Paz, enero de 2019 11 COMUNIDAD Y SOCIEDAD 1. FUNDAMENTACIÓN DEL CAMPO El Área de Comunicación y Lenguajes, por su naturaleza y función, se constituye en el componente dinamizador del proceso formativo. La interacción que forja entre los componentes que intervienen en la formación engrana con la palabra. Si bien se sostiene que la comunicación tiene lugar en espacios sociales con la intervención de los componentes, dentro del proceso formativo, la palabra no solo vincula a los miembros del mismo, sino genera relaciones de dependencia e independencia al proporcionar motivaciones, recepciones de contenidos a través de procesos que consolidan el conocimiento, apropiación de términos, ampliación de vocabulario, así como la formación de la conciencia crítica frente a la realidad. La palabra coadyuva en el desarrollo curricular, toda intervención en calidad de partícipe del proceso formativo responde a una intencionalidad de justificar un hecho que subyace en la función social que cumple la educación. -
Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 30 December 2009 Original: Spanish INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Norms and Jurisprudence of the Inter‐American Human Rights System 2010 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Derechos de los pueblos indígenas y tribales sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales: Normas y jurisprudencia del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos = Indigenous and tribal people’s rights over their ancestral lands and natural resources: Norms and jurisprudence of the Inter‐American human rights system / [Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights.] p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5580‐3 1. Human rights‐‐America. 2. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐America. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Land tenure‐‐America. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Legal status, laws, etc.‐‐America. 5. Natural resources‐‐Law and legislation‐‐America. I. Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.56/09 Document published thanks to the financial support of Denmark and Spain Positions herein expressed are those of the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights and do not reflect the views of Denmark or Spain Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 30, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. -
Zwischen Plautdietsch, Hochdeutsch Und Spanisch : Dreisprachigkeit Von in Paraguay Und Bolivien Lebenden Mennoniten Und Ihre
Zwischen Plautdietsch, Hochdeutsch und Spanisch: Dreisprachigkeit von in Paraguay und Bolivien lebenden Mennoniten und ihre Auswirkung auf die spanische Lernersprache Inaugural Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie in der Fakultät für Philologie der RUHR-UNIVERSITÄT BOCHUM vorgelegt von Kristin Ostendorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Fakultät für Philologie der Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Referent: ___________________________________________Prof. Dr. Judith Visser Korreferent: ___________________________________________Prof. Dr. Gerald Bernhard Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: _________________________4. Dezember 2017 Meiner Mutter (†2012) Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 9 2 Mennoniten: Glaube, Herkunft, Geschichte und Tradition 13 2.1 DieEntstehungdesmennonitischenGlaubens............ 13 2.2 GlaubensgrundlagenundLebensweisederMennoniten....... 14 3 Sprache und Migration 19 3.1 Sprachgebrauch religi¨oserGruppen.................. 20 3.2 AuswanderungsbewegungenderMennoniten............. 21 3.2.1DeutscheinRussland...................... 23 3.2.2DeutscheinderUkraine.................... 25 3.3 AnabaptisteninAmerikaundKanada................ 28 3.4 Anabaptisten in Sudamerika......................¨ 41 3.5 AußenkontaktederMennoniten.................... 45 4 Mennoniten in Sudamerika:¨ untersuchte Ziell¨ander 49 4.1 Spanisch in Sudamerika........................¨ 49 4.2 Paraguay................................. 50 4.2.1LandesinformationenzuParaguay............... 50 4.2.2MennoniteninParaguay.................... 51 4.2.3SpanischinParaguay..................... -
The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay. -
Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa
Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa Elifuraha I. Laltaika1 and Kelly M. Askew2 I. Background and context3 The 2003 Report of Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities (WGIP) of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) recognized the existence of multiple indigenous peoples in Africa primarily consisting of pastoralists (e.g., Pokot, Maasai, Barbaig, Karamajong, Samburu, Turkana, Afar, Borana, Tuareg, and Fulani) and hunter-gatherers (e.g., Batwa, Hadzabe, Ogiek and San). These peoples require access to land and water resources in their ancestral territories to pursue their legally protected ways of life per the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, powerful transnational corporations and conservation organizations—both typically aligned with local political and economic elites—were already identified in the 2003 WGIP report as a threat to indigenous lands, resources and livelihoods: Dispossession of land and natural resources is a major human rights problem for indigenous peoples. They have in so many cases been pushed out of their traditional areas to give way for the economic interests of other more dominant groups and to large scale development initiatives that tend to destroy their lives and cultures rather than improve their situation. Establishment of protected areas and national parks have impoverished indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities, made them vulnerable and unable to cope with environmental uncertainty and in many cases even displaced them. Large-scale extraction of natural resources such as logging, mining, dam construction, oil drilling and pipeline construction have had very negative impacts on the livelihoods of indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities in Africa. -
WWF Contribution to the Thematic Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Healthy Ecosystems and Human Rights : Sustaining the Foundations of Life
WWF Contribution to the Thematic Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Healthy Ecosystems and Human Rights : Sustaining the foundations of life Introduction The report of the Special Rapporteur on Human rights and associated obligations related to healthy biodiversity and ecosystems comes at a critical juncture. The COVID19 pandemic has more clearly than ever revealed the deep faults in our global economies and societies: both our staggering inequities and our dangerously unbalanced relationship with nature. We have an opportunity to build a green and just recovery. Ensuring global recognition of the tight bond between human rights and environmental health can leverage the sustainable decisions and actions we need to achieve that. This WWF contribution to the Special Rapporteur’s report aims to support that ambition, one we are equally committed to. It includes contributions from multiple offices across the WWF network.1 Responses to the Special Rapporteur’s questions on healthy ecosystems and human rights. Q.1: Please provide examples of ways in which declining biodiversity and degraded ecosystems are already having adverse impacts on human rights. Declining biodiversity and degraded ecosystems have far reaching and diverse impacts on human rights across the world. Nature degradation, declining natural spaces and degradation of water catchment areas greatly impact the right to a clean and healthy environment and the right to clean water (Examples in Annex: Kenya, Australia, Brazil, Argentina). Declining wildlife populations and destructive fishing practices threaten the right to food and food security for communities whose livelihoods depend on biodiversity (Example in Annex: Malaysia); poaching and unrest can have severe impacts on the security of communities and indigenous populations (Example in Annex: DRC). -
Captive Communities: Situation of the Guaraní Indigenous People and Contemporary Forms of Slavery in the Bolivian Chaco
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 24 December 2009 Original: Spanish CAPTIVE COMMUNITIES: SITUATION OF THE GUARANÍ INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY IN THE BOLIVIAN CHACO 2009 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. Comunidades cautivas : situación del pueblo indígena guaraní y formas contemporáneas de esclavitud en el Chaco de Bolivia = Captive communities : situation of the Guaraní indigenous people and contemporary forms of slavery in the Bolivian Chaco / Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5433‐2 1. Guarani Indians‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 2. Guarani Indians‐‐Slavery‐‐ Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Slavery‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia. 5. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐ Bolivia. I. Title. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 24, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. Canton Assistant Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Abi‐Mershed The IACHR thanks the Governments of Denmark and Spain for the financial support that made it possible to carry out the working and supervisory visit to Bolivia from June 9 to 13, 2008, as well as the preparation of this report. -
Is God an American?
IS GOO AN AMERICAN? An Anthropological Perspective on the Missionary Work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics Edited by S11ren Hvalkof and Peter Aaby IWGINSI IS GOD AN AMERICAN? This is a joint publication by the following two organizations: INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS (IWGIA) Fiolstrrede I 0, DK- 1171 Copenhagen K, Denmark. SURVIVAL INTERNATIONAL 36 Craven Street, London WC2N 5NG, England. Copyright 1981 by S~ren Hvalkof, Peter Aaby, IWGIA and Survival International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be. reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means without permission of the editors. ISSN 0105-4503 ISBN 87-980717-2-6 First published 1981 by IWGIA and Survival International. Printed in Denmark by Vinderup Bogtrykkeri A/S. Front cover by H. C. Poulsen. IS GOD AN AMERICAN? An Anthropological Perspective on the Missionary Work ofthe Summer Institute ofLinguistics EDITED BY &tren Hvalkof and Peter Aaby INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Objectives IWGIA is a politically independent, international organization concerned with the oppression of indigenous peoples in many countries. IWGIA's objective is to secture the future of the indigenous peoples in concurrence with their own efforts and desires: 1. By examining their situation, and publishing information about it. 2. By furthering international understanding, knowledge and involvement in the indigenous peoples' situation. 3. By fighting racism and securing political, economic and social right, as well as establishing the indigenous peoples' right to self-determination. 4. By arranging humanitarian projects and other forms of support of in digenous peoples and ethnic groups with a view of strengthening their social, cultural and political situation. -
Paradoxical Landscapes in Colonia Aborigen Chaco (Ex-Aboriginal Reserve of Napalpí, Argentina)
The International Indigenous Policy Journal Volume 10 | Issue 5 December 2019 Production, Development, and Environmental Policies: Paradoxical Landscapes in Colonia Aborigen Chaco (Ex-Aboriginal Reserve of Napalpí, Argentina) Carlos Salamanca Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, [email protected] Recommended Citation Salamanca, C. (2019). Production, development, and environmental policies. Paradoxical landscapes in Colonia Aborigen Chaco (ex-Aboriginal Reserve of Napalpí). The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 10(5). doi: https://doi.org/10.18584/ iipj.2019.10.5.8584 Production, Development, and Environmental Policies: Paradoxical Landscapes in Colonia Aborigen Chaco (Ex-Aboriginal Reserve of Napalpí, Argentina) Abstract This article examines the experience of an Indigenous development plan carried out between 2005 and 2010 in Colonia Aborigen Chaco, an Indigenous settlement located in Chaco province, Argentina, originally established in 1911 as the Aboriginal Reserve of Napalpí. On the reserve, inhabitants were forced to settle down as the State appropriated their traditional territories. Here, I propose a critical analysis of this experience with ethnographic description pertaining to the long historical processes that inhabitants of Colonia Aborigen endured, which systematically subjected them to alimentary, educational, productive, and religious routines aimed at transforming them culturally. I intend to demonstrate that it is necessary to review a series of assumptions, which are quite prevalent in Indigenous policies, about what an Indigenous person, an Indigenous territory, and an Indigenous development are supposed to be. I emphatically assert that it is necessary to have a critical approach towards these historical processes of constitution in order to better understand Indigenous rights and development within Indigenous territories. -
Camba Y Paico: La Integración De Los Indígenas Del Oriente Boliviano
CAMBA Y PAICO: LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS INDÍGENAS DEL ORIENTE BOLIVIANO JÜRGEN RIESTER "Camba" es, ante todo, el término general con que los bolivia- nos del Altiplano designan a todos los habitantes de la llanura, n¡n establecer distinción entre blancos, mestizos o indios. Sin embargo, los habitantes de Santa Cruz de la Sierra (capital del departamento de Santa Cruz, situado en la llanura) se autodemoninan "cruze- fios", reservando el término "camba" tanto para los indios y mesti- zos que viven en Santa Cruz de la Sierra y sus alredederos, como para toda la población rural del extenso departamento, sea que se trate de blancos, mestizos o indios. La situación es diferente en la región habitada por los indios chiquitanos, situada en las provincias Ñuflo de Chávez, Velasco y Chiquitos que integran el departamento antes mencionado. La po- blación chiquitana oscila entre 35.000 y 38000 habitantes, mientras que el total de blancos, de la clase alta, se eleva solamente a 2.500 personus. Para estos últimos, el término "camba" carece de matiz negativo y, en muchos casos, lo emplean incluso como sinónimo de "gente buena". En la población camba pueden distinguirse dos clases que, si bien a otros efectos no guardan vinculación entre sí, represer'nn una unidad ante las autoridades y los indígenas. Esta distinción se basa en la posición económica y en la pureza del linaje, es decir, la antigüedad como integrante de la clase alta blanca. Si un "blanco" de la clase alta contrae matrimonio con una in- dígena, su propia posición social no varía, aunque los demás reprue- ben dicha unión ("pura vergüenza para la sociedad alta y buena"). -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD1365-BO INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$200 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized AND A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF US$30 MILLION TO THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA FOR A SANTA CRUZ ROAD CORRIDOR CONNECTOR PROJECT (SAN IGNACIO – SAN JOSE) Public Disclosure Authorized December 13, 2016 Transport and ICT Global Practice Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and the Caribbean Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective June 1, 2016) Currency Unit = Bolivian bolivianos (BOB) BOB 6.91 = US$1.00 US$1.00 = SDR 1.40 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABC Bolivian Road Agency (Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras) AC Asphalt Concrete AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CReCE Contracts for Rehabilitation and Achievement of Standards (Contratos de Rehabilitación y Cumplimiento de Estándares) CUT Treasury Single Account (Cuenta Única Tesoro) DBMOT Design-Build-Maintain-Operate-Transfer DST Double Surface Treatment EMP Environment Management Plan EIA Environmental Impact -
Becoming Chiquitano: Crafting Identities in the Broader Paraguayan River Basin
Becoming Chiquitano: Crafting Identities in the Broader Paraguayan River Basin Justin B. Blanton A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Cynthia Radding John Chasteen Kathryn Burns Kathleen DuVal Brandon Bayne 1 Abstract __________________________________________________________________ Justin B. Blanton: Becoming Chiquitano: Crafting Identities in the Broader Paraguayan River Basin (Under the direction of Cynthia Radding) This project poses two basic conceptual problems: How do ethnic and communal identities emerge and how are their meanings expressed by diverse groups of historical actors? To address these problems, my research focuses on indigenous communities who inhabited Catholic missions in the colonial Spanish province of Chiquitos located in portions of present- day southeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil. It provides a deeper understanding of the ways in which these native peoples bestowed meaning upon the public dimensions of their reconstituted communities and transformed, articulated, maintained, and defended ethnic, linguistic and communal identities. My full temporal scope extends from the late sixteenth century through the Jesuit mission regime (1691-1767) and into the early nineteenth century, but I place special emphasis on post-Jesuit historical processes. By focusing on these understudied years, I reveal how native resistance to late eighteenth and early nineteenth century imperial developments impacted the evolution of identities that began to emerge a century earlier. During this period of mission secularization, indigenous peoples continually mediated administrative and sociocultural changes to construct and articulate ethnolinguistic and communal identities.