Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe

Herausgeber/Editor Jörg Frey Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck

173

ARTI BUS

John Lierman

The

Christian Perceptions of Moses and Israel in the Setting of Jewish Religion

Mohr Siebeck JOHN LIERMAN, born 1965; 1994 M.Div. Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois; 1997 M. A. Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois; 2003 Ph.D., Cambridge University; currently Adjunct Professor of New Testament, Fuller Theological Seminary Southwest and Adjunct Professor of Studies, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, Ariziona.

ISBN3-16-148202-6 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe)

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Preface

This book is a significantly revised and rewritten version of a dissertation accepted by the Faculty of Divinity and the Board of Graduate Studies of Cambridge University in 2002 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Thanks are in order first of all to my Doktorvater, Professor William Horbury, to whom I express the most profound and heartfelt gratitude for the skillful supervision, inexhaustible patience, and unflagging encourage- ment he gave me while the thesis that underlies this book was in prepara- tion. His thorough acquaintance with source material and his scholarly acumen in fields of study so far flung that among persons of merely great erudition they lie in entirely separate areas of expertise were an inspiration to me throughout my enjoyable time under his supervision. For numerous thoughtful comments and suggestions over the whole of the thesis I am also deeply grateful to Professor Christopher Rowland, Dr. Andrew Chester, and Professor Martin Hengel. Dr. Peter Head provided helpful criticism of selected portions as well. Their kind assistance greatly aided the revision of the study to its present form. For helping to meet not only my own financial needs, but also those of Corpus Christi College and Cambridge University, I owe a debt of thanks to many. I am grateful to the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the Universities of the United Kingdom for a three-year Overseas Research Students Award, to the Cambridge Overseas Trust for the award of a three-year Bursary, and to the Master and the Tutor for Advanced Stu- dents of Corpus Christi College for the award of a Purvis Scholarship. The Tutor for Advanced Students at my matriculation was Dr. Paul Hewett, to whom I am grateful not only for the financial support he was instrumental in providing, but also for inviting me to matriculate at a college which pro- vides such a supportive environment in which to do postgraduate research. Special thanks in this respect go also to the Master Professor Haroon Ahmed, the Warden of Leckhampton Dr. Chris Howe, and the Graduate Secretary Mrs. Margaret Cathie. Also, when my studies were interrupted by a lengthy period of illness Dr. C. J. B. Brookes, then the Tutor for Advanced Students at Corpus, saw that I was provided College Hardship funding. I remain grateful to Dr. Allan C. Carlson and Dr. Harold O. J. Brown of The Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society for taking me on as an Associate of the Center on Religion and Society, and to Dr. Steven Dilsaver for providing a one-year stipend for that position. I am Vili Preface grateful to the Trustees of the Crosse Fund and to the Managers of the Theological Studies Fund of the University of Cambridge for awarding me further support in the latter part of my research. Mr. Paul Riddington generously paid for private medical care for tendonitis, brought on in the line of (research) duty. My parents have provided for many needs as they have arisen and, as usual for parents, have received only a fraction of the thanks they deserve. Two other patrons who wish to remain anonymous also have my sincere thanks. I have benefited from the support and assistance of many friends and colleagues in ways that are sometimes hard to quantify. Professor Horbury and his wife Katharine provided me with months of gracious hospitality in their home during the preparation of this book, chiefly asking in return only that I chop down a number of trees in their back garden, something I would have relished doing anyway. Dr. David Chapman was an encoura- ging friend and fellow researcher at the thesis stage, and he and his wife Tasha lavished delicious meals on me regularly, as if feeding me was some sort of privilege. Marko Jauhiainen gave me the computer on which nearly all my writing has been done since my own met its demise, and the rest of the Tyndale House community also provided camaraderie and support in all kinds of ways, especially the Warden, Dr. Bruce Winter, who undertook selfless and thoughtful pastoral care, the librarian Dr. Elizabeth Magba, research fellows Dr. David Instone-Brewer and Dr. Peter Williams, and the administrator, Mrs. Fiona Craig. For the work done in Phoenix, Jason and Jennifer Schumann gave me the use of their office and the freedom of their house, including the pantry and the refrigerator. A great many people seem to have fed me while I wrote this book. Not all can be named here, but I think warmly of each one. I am grateful to Dr. Kris Burroughs for her (painfully) insightful com- ments on style, and for volunteering, as the last deadline neared, to share in the unrelenting tedium of indexing. Miss Helen Dalgleish ferreted out many "strange sentences!" and malapropisms throughout the whole of this study. No doubt a residue of errors persists, and responsibility for it, as well as for any persisting errors of fact or interpretation, can be laid at my door.

Phoenix, Arizona John Lierman 28 September 2003 ad maiorem Dei gloriam Table of Contents

Preface VII

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope and Method 1 1.1.1 Focus 1 1.1.2 Arrangement 2 1.1.3 Sources 4 1.2 Need and Prospects for This Study 9 1.3 Recent Study of Moses in the New Testament 10 1.4 Recent Study of Moses in Ancient Jewish and Graeco-Roman Writings . . 22 1.4.1 The Alexandrians: Artapanus, Aristobulus, and Ezekiel Tragicus ... 22 1.4.2 The Alexandrians: Philo 23 1.4.3 The Palestinians: Josephus and Pseudo-Philo 25 1.4.4 Qumran 26 1.4.5 The and 26 1.4.6 Rabbinic and Other Jewish Literature 27 1.4.7 Study of Moses in Greek and Roman Writings 27 1.5 Plan 29

Chapter 2 Moses as Prophet 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Moses as Prophet in the 32 2.3 Moses as Prophet in Writings of the Second Temple Period 34 2.3.1 Jubilees 34 2.3.2 Ben Sira 34 2.3.3 Wisdom of Solomon 36 2.3.4 Aristobulus 36 2.3.5 The Exagoge 36 2.3.6 Views of Moses as Prophet Attested by Non- 37 2.3.7 The Assumption of Moses 38 Excursus: The Scope of Moses' Prophetic Mission in the Assumption of Moses 39 and Jewish Thought of the First Century 2.3.8 Moses as Prophet in Other Biblical Pseudepigrapha 43 2.3.9 Philo 43 2.3.10 Josephus 45 2.4 Moses as Prophet in Samaritan Literature 45 2.5 Moses as Prophet in the Targums 46 2.6 Moses as Prophet in Rabbinic Literature 48 2.7 Moses as Prophet in the New Testament 49 X Table of Contents

2.7.1 Galatians 3:19 and Hebrews 8:5-6; 9:15, 19; and 12:21, 24 49 2.7.2 Acts 3:21-26 51 2.7.3 Acts 7:20-39 52 2.7.3.1 Miracles as Prophetic Authentication in Second Temple 52 Judaism 2.7.3.2 Miracles as Prophetic Authentication in the New Testament... 53 2.7.3.3 The "Wonders and Signs" of Moses 55 2.7.3.4 "Signs" as Specifically the Authenticating Miracles of Prophets 56 2.7.3.5 Conclusion 62 2.8 Conclusion 63

Chapter 3 Moses as Priest and Apostle 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 The Priesthood of Moses 66 3.2.1 The Bible and Biblical Tradition 66 3.2.2 Graeco-Roman Writers 67 3.2.3 Philo 67 3.2.4 Josephus 68 3.2.5 Pseudo-Philo 68 3.2.6 Samaritan Literature 69 3.2.7 Rabbinic Literature 70 3 .3 The Apostleship of Moses 71 3.3.1 The Biblical Background 71 3.3.2 Literature of Second Temple Judaism 71 3.3.3 Samaritan Literature 71 3.3.4 Rabbinic Literature 72 3.4 The Priesthood and Apostleship of Moses in Hebrews 3:1-6 73 3.5 Conclusion 76

Chapter 4 Moses as King 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Moses as King in Biblical Traditions 79 4.2.1 Exodus 4:20 79 4.2.2 Deuteronomy 33:5 80 4.2.2.1 The Masoretic Tradition 80 4.2.2.2 Targums 81 4.2.2.3 Greek Translations 82 4.2.2.4 Conclusion 83 4.2.3 Deuteronomy 18:15 84 4.2.3.1 Prophets as Kings 84 4.2.3.2 A Prophet-King in Deuteronomy 18:15 85 4.2.3.2.1 Jewish Traditions of a Mosaic Prophet-King 86 4.2.3.2.2 Samaritan Traditions of a Mosaic Prophet-King 88 4.2.3.2.3 Conclusion 89 4.3 Moses as King in Second Temple Period Literature 90 4.3.1 The Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian 90 4.3.1.1 Divine Moses or Royal Moses? 91 Table of Contents XI

4.3.1.2 The Ascent of Moses 94 4.3.1.3 Divinity and Divinization 97 4.3.1.3.1 Criteria for Ascription ofDivinity: R. Bauckham 97 4.3.1.3.2 Criteria for Ascription ofDivinity: C. A. Gieschen 99 4.3.1.4 Raguel's Interpretation of the Dream 100 4.3.1.5 Conclusion 102 4.3.2 The Eleventh Sibylline Oracle 102 4.3.3 Views of Moses as King Attested by Non-Jews 103 4.3.4 Philo 103 4.3.5 Josephus 104 4.3.6 Justus of Tiberias 106 4.4 Moses as King in Rabbinic Literature 106 4.5 Moses as King in the New Testament 107 4.5.1 Mark 6:34-44 and John 6:1-15 107 4.5.1.1 Mark 6:34-44 108 4.5.1.1.1 Sheep without a Shepherd 108 4.5.1.1.2 A Mosaic King 110 4.5.1.2 John 6:1-15 110 4.5.1.3 Conclusion 112 4.5.2 Titles of Moses in Acts 7:35 113 4.5.2.1 113 4.5.2.2 Avn-pornic 117 4.5.2.3 Conclusion 118 4.5.3 Moses as a King in God's House in Hebrews 3:1-6 118 4.5.3.1 Moses as Servant 119 4.5.3.2 God's House 119 4.5.3.2.1 Kingdom as Locality 120 4.5.3.2.2 God's House as Kingdom and Temple 120 4.5.3.3 Conclusion 122 4.6 Conclusion 122

Chapter 5 Moses as Lawgiver 5.1 Introduction 124 5.2 Old Testament Traditions of Moses as Lawgiver 125 5.2.1 Deuteronomy 125 5.2.2 Other Old Testament Texts 127 5.2.3 A Law of Moses and a Law of God 128 5.3 Moses as Lawgiver in Literature of Second Temple Judaism 128 5.3.1 Ben Sira 128 5.3.2 The 129 5.3.3 Views of Moses as Lawgiver Attested in Non-Jewish Literature .... 130 5.3.4 Qumran 131 5.3.5 Philo 132 5.3.6 Josephus 136 5.3.7 Th z Assumption of Moses 139 5.3.8 Conclusion 139 5.4 Moses as Lawgiver in the Targums 140 5.5 Moses as Lawgiver in Samaritan Literature 141 XII Table of Contents

5.6 Moses as Lawgiver in Rabbinic Literature 143 5.6.1 Notable Relics of Earlier Usage 143 5.6.2 General Rabbinic Usage 144 5.7 Moses as Lawgiver in the New Testament 149 5.7.1 The Synoptic Gospels 149 5.7.1.1 The Law of Divorce 149 5.7.1.2 The Fifth Commandment 150 5.7.1.3 The Law of Levirate Marriage 151 5.7.1.4 The Leper's Offering 152 5.7.1.5 The Seat of Moses 153 5.7.1.6 Conclusion 155 5.7.2 Luke-Acts 156 5.7.3 The Fourth Gospel 158 5.7.3.1 John 7:16-24 and 5:45-47 159 5.7.3.2 John 8:2-6 161 5.7.3.3 John 1:17a 161 5.7.3.4 Conclusion 161 5.7.4 Paul 162 5.7.4.1 Paul on the Law 162 5.7.4.1.1 Citations of the Law 162 5.7.4.1.2 Hypostasis of the Law 164 5.7.4.2 Paul's Citations of Moses 165 5.7.4.3 Second Corinthians 3 167 5.7.4.3.1 Moses the Mediator of the Law 168 5.7.4.3.2 Moses the 5IDKOUOC of the Old Covenant 171 5.7.4.4 Conclusion 172 5.8 Conclusion 172

Chapter 6 Baptism into Moses 6.1 Introduction 175 6.2 Background Provided by Concepts of Baptism 178 6.2.1 Jewish Proselyte Baptism 178 6.2.1.1 Antiquity of Jewish Proselyte Baptism 178 6.2.1.2 Biblical Basis for Jewish Proselyte Baptism 182 6.2.1.3 Conclusion 184 6.2.2 Baptism into Christ 185 6.2.2.1 The Idiom of "Baptism into" 185 6.2.2.2 Parallel between Baptism into Moses and Baptism into Christ . 186 6.2.2.3 Conclusion 187 6.3 Background Provided by First-Century Conceptions of Moses 187 6.3.1 The Assumption of Moses 188 6.3.2 Pseudo-Philo 190 6.3.3 Philo 191 6.3.3.1 The Mortality of Moses 191 6.3.3.2 The Divinity of Moses 193 6.3.3.3 Conclusion 194 6.3.4 The Transfiguration 194 6.3.4.1 The Availability of Moses 195 Table of Contents XIII

6.3.4.2 The Ascent of Moses 196 6.3.4.3 The Glorious Death of Moses 199 6.3.4.3.1 Josephus 200 6.3.4.3.2 Philo 201 6.3.4.3.3 The Similitudes of Enoch 202 6.3.4.3.4 Pseudo-Philo 203 6.3.4.3.5 The Assumption of Moses 204 6.3.4.3.6 Targumic and Rabbinic Tradition 205 6.3.4.3.7 Conclusion 205 6.3.5 The Corinthian Conception of Moses 206 6.4 Conclusion 207

Chapter 7 Moses the Focus of Jewish Loyalty 7.1 Introduction 209 7.1.1 The Greatness of Moses 210 7.1.2 The Centrality of Moses Illustrated at Dura-Europos 215 7.2 Jews as Disciples of Moses 217 7.2.1 John 9:28 217 7.2.2 Philo 219 7.2.3 Conclusion 220 7 .3 Moses as a Personal Focus of Loyalty 221 7.3.1 The Custom of Moses in Acts 15:1 221 7.3.2 Preaching Moses in Acts 15:21 222 7.3.3 Oversight by Moses in Josephus 223 7.3.4 Oversight by Moses in the Fourth Gospel 224 7.3.5 Conclusion 225 7.4 Blasphemy of Moses 226 7.4.1 Joint Sins against Moses and God 226 7.4.2 Blasphemy of Moses in Acts 6:11 227 7.4.3 Blasphemy of Moses in Josephus 228 7.4.4 Conclusion 229 7.5 Moses as a Divine Being 229 7.5.1 Moses as God 230 7.5.1.1 Moses as "God" in Philo 230 7.5.1.2 Moses as "God" in a Qumran Text 232 7.5.1.3 Moses as "God" in Pseudo-Orpheus 233 7.5.1.4 Moses as "God" in Rabbinic Literature 236 7.5.1.5 Moses as "God" in Samaritan Literature 236 7.5.2 Divine Beings Denominated as Both "Gods" and "Angels" 237 7.5.3 Great Men as Angels in Jewish Literature especially at Qumran .... 238 7.5.4 Moses as an Angelic Being 244 7.5.5 Conclusion 245 7.6 Jewish Faith in Moses 247 7.6.1 Moses and Jesus as Objects of Faith 247 7.6.2 Biblical Background 248 7.6.3 The Targums 248 7.6.4 The Greek Old Testament 249 7.6.5 Josephus 250 XIV Table of Contents

7.6.6 Rabbinic Literature 250 7.6.7 Samaritan Thought 250 7.6.8 Christian Thought 252 7.6.9 Conclusion 252 7.7 Acts 21:21 and Apostasy from Moses 253 7.8 Conclusion 256

Chapter 8 Points of Contact with Christology 8.1 Introduction 258 8.2 Mosaic Christology in Modern Research 258 8.3 Implications of This Study for New Testament Christology 270 8.4 Moses and Christ in the New Testament 271 8.4.1 Moses and Christ as Prophet 271 8.4.2 Moses and Christ as Apostle and Priest 272 8.4.3 Moses and Christ as King 273 8.4.4 Moses and Christ as Lawgiver 275 8.4.5 Baptism into Moses and Baptism into Christ 277 8.4.6 Conclusion 279 8.5 Jesus as a Mosaic Messiah 279 8.5.1 Implications of This Study 279 8.5.2 Further Mosaic Antecedents for Christology 283 8.5.2.1 Pre-Existence 283 8.5.2.2 Afterlife 284 8.5.2.3 Session 285 8.6 Mosaic Ecclesiology 286 8.7 Conclusion 287

Chapter 9 Conclusion 9.1 Review 289 9.2 Contributions to Research 291 9.2.1 Ancient Jewish Thought and Belief 291 9.2.2 New Testament Studies and Early Christian Hermeneutics 292 9.2.3 Christology 292 9.2.4 Ecclesiology 293 9.3 Summation 293

Bibliography 295

Citation Index 327

Author Index 354

Subject Index 360 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Scope and Method

This is a study of the NT witness to how Jews and Jewish Christians perceived the relationship of Moses with Israel and with the Jewish people. This is a narrowly tailored study, focusing specifically on that relationship without treating Moses in the New Testament comprehensively. The study consults ancient writings and historical material to situate the NT Moses in a larger milieu of Jewish thought. It contributes both to the knowledge of ancient Judaism and to the illumination of NT religion and theology, especially Chris- tology. 1.1.1 Focus The basic plan of the study derives from the New Testament. The words "in the New Testament" could appropriately be appended in parentheses to each chapter title and each chapter aims to preserve and highlight the NT witness to Jewish perceptions of Moses. The chapters divide along lines that throw the various NT presentations of Moses into sharpest relief. Sometimes those divisions may not accord with what might be expected from a study of Jewish literature generally. For example, the decision to separate treatment of Moses as Prophet from discussion of Moses as Priest could seem artificial given the intertwining of such roles in ancient Jewish (and non-Jewish) thought. The NT texts that prompt consideration of these motifs here, however, seem to treat them separately from one another; the key text on Moses' priesthood actually links it with a third role, that of an apostle. So in this case it seemed better to highlight the somewhat unusual NT treatment of Moses as a priest and keep it separate from ascriptions to Moses of the prophetic office, which by contrast is so typically associated with him. At the same time, while commonly noticed, the prophetic office of Mo- ses does not seem always to have been adequately appreciated, and sepa- rate treatment here facilitated a closer inspection in light of what the New Testament says on the subject. Since the New Testament seems to treat the themes separately with no obvious overlap it seemed both valuable and warranted to treat them separately here as well. The other chapters are 2 Chapter One similarly focused to achieve the clearest possible impression of the way Moses is presented in the New Testament. Guided principally by that NT presentation, the chapters of this study focus on the roles and relations of Moses to Israel. This happens not because of any special interest in doing mosesology by titles or in "func- tional mosesology" but because of this study's special focus on the relation of Moses to Israel, as opposed to Moses as a static entity or Moses as the subject of Jewish lore (though both come in for some consideration). It seemed most effective to deal with some NT evidence by recourse to pro- saic headings like "Moses as King" or "Moses as Lawgiver," but in those cases it was not taken for granted what those titles mean. Part of the func- tion of the chapters so named is to work out how NT (and other Jewish writers) saw Moses in those roles, without relying too heavily simply on the use of a given title or the naming of a given function. On the other hand, in a chapter like "The Baptism into Moses" the best procedure seemed to be to work outward from the basic datum to what it might imply about Moses, whether or not that involved the affixing to him of a specific title.

1.1.2 Arrangement With the intent to arrange all the evidence in such a way as to throw the strongest light possible on the New Testament, the most basic decision has been to focus the chapters on aspects of the NT Moses, rather than devote each chapter to one corpus of literature, to one Jewish community or au- thor, or to one period of history. Thus, for example, there is not a chapter on the Samaritan view of Moses and another on the rabbinic view of Mo- ses, but rather there are chapters on Moses as King and on Moses as Lawgiver in the New Testament, with rabbinic and Samaritan discussion relevant to each theme distributed in each chapter accordingly. The obvious weakness of the approach taken is that the study does not present in one place the complete portrait of Moses from any one era. Even the overall impression of Moses gained from the New Testament does not finally emerge until the Conclusion. Nonetheless, despite its weaknesses the chosen strategy seemed the best way to proceed. It became apparent as work progressed that the NT evi- dence for Jewish estimation of Moses has not always been adequately appreciated. This seemed to be the case not with just one aspect of Moses, but with every theme considered. In some cases this malappreciation was also true of extra-NT evidence that did not match academically accepted paradigms of ancient Judaism. Therefore, the chapter divisions here consciously underscore the ways the New Testament presents Moses. Each chapter brings in the Jewish literary context for its theme, drawing on all segments of Jewish tradition Introduction 3 from before, during, and after the period when the New Testament was authored. This does not mean that all the Jewish evidence is forced into a single plane, as if no movement occurred in Jewish thought between the inter- testamental period and the Talmudic era, or between Palestine and Alexan- dria. To the contrary, the study highlights differences in the appreciation of Moses, particularly when a New Testament author looks to be the odd man out. Still, the position here is that the literature inherited by the Jews of the first century and the literature authored by them, along with later texts containing traditions that they passed on, can all, properly handled, be of assistance in understanding and interpreting the evidence of the New Testament. A secondary concern reflected in the layout of this study is that some Mosaic motifs detected in the sources would threaten almost to disappear if the evidence for them were scattered across several chapters dealing with several different Jewish authors or epochs of Jewish history. This might be the case for example, for the priesthood and the apostleship of Moses; the former has tenuous support reaching right back into the Old Testament, while the latter seems first to arise in the New Testament itself. Proper appreciation of either seems in part to require gathering all the evidence for Jewish treatment of these ideas together in one place for consideration. Given the fragmentary and incomplete nature of the evidence for Judaism in the first century A.D., any evidence is worthy of close consideration. Here, with that in mind, the NT evidence for the Jewish conceptions of Moses was prioritized, with other evidence set in relation to it. Of course, inspection of even plainly established motifs, such as the role of Moses as Lawgiver, may be facilitated by a diachronic approach that attempts to bring all the available evidence on the subject into focus at once. Again, this need not imply insensitivity to genre or to provenance. The intent rather is simply to highlight the conceptions of Moses evident in the New Testament, in part by locating them, when possible, in the stream of Jewish tradition. A third consideration is that the usefulness of presenting Jewish atti- tudes toward Moses community by community or period by period, instead of theme by theme, is at least potentially illusory. In the case of tightly unified (or unifiable) corpora such as the works of Philo (perhaps com- bined with other Alexandrians), or the Palestinian Targums, Samaritan lite- rature, or possibly even rabbinic literature, such an approach may yield meaningful results. More fragmentary evidence from late Second Temple Judaism, however, as well as evidence from Greco-Roman authors and other literature not easily bracketed within postulated Jewish communities, is harder to work up into chapter-length presentations. (Witness scholarly attempts to characterize "intertestamental Judaism" on the basis of 4 Chapter One scattered apocrypha and pseudepigrapha.) Where a single author is under consideration, such as Philo or Josephus, it is certainly reasonable to look for a single coherent impression of Moses or of any other figure. Rabbinic literature, by contrast, is the work of scores or perhaps hundreds of individuals, some named and some not. Rabbinic literature is also con- servative by design and may be expected to harbor multifarious views carried forward by different traditions across hundreds of years. (Witness the extraordinary mélange of material accumulated by L. Ginzberg.) Lite- rature of this kind may not yield the best results when treated like unified presentations of single authors. Whatever approach is taken presents a risk of methodological forcing of the evidence. The appearance of homogeneity in a given presentation may arise as much from the selective and interpretive grid imposed by the scholar as from the data itself. The arrangement of the present study is not immune from this risk, but neither are the alternatives. In sum, while the weaknesses of the plan chosen for this study are freely recognized, the strengths the plan offers are substantial and important enough to justify the approach taken here. Doubtless, at some point fresh appraisals of The Rabbinic Moses, or The Philonic Moses might comple- ment this study. Here the focus is on The New Testament Moses. 1.1.3 Sources The most important sources for this study are the New Testament texts themselves. Most NT passages that speak of Moses come in for at least some consideration, but those texts which say something directly con- cerned with the relation Moses was deemed to have to the Jewish people receive the closest attention. Other texts, for example those adding hagio- graphical color to the portrait of Moses, provide important background and context for the conclusions drawn from the more central passages. The value of extra-NT and extrabiblical sources for illuminating NT concepts of Moses can hardly be doubted. If we lacked all other sources for Moses legends and the varied haggadic embellishments of his biblical biography we would both know of their existence and be able to make a fair reconstruction of their contents from the New Testament, so richly does it incorporate Jewish Moses lore. Above all other NT instances of Moses, the richly adorned account of Moses in the speech of Stephen shows how familiar early Christians were with Jewish embroideries of the Moses tale, embroideries more fully known from apocryphal, pseudepi- graphal, and rabbinic literature. The casual reference to Jannes and Jam- Introduction 5 bres in 2 Tim. 3:8 similarly indicates that early Christian writers were fami- liar with hagiographical expansions of the biography of Moses.1 Outside the New Testament, a number of ancient, often rather full, Jewish treatments of Moses survive, which, while widely separated chrono- logically, provide reliable guides to at least a selection of Jewish opinion about Moses at about the time of the origin of the New Testament. These include, above all, Philo's lengthy De Vita Mosis (along with numerous references to Moses in his other works) and the recasting of the Exodus- Deuteronomy narrative in the Antiquities of Josephus; also important are the account of Artapanus (preserved in fragments), the more highly-drama- tized but still informative Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian (also pre- served in fragments), The Assumption of Moses (incomplete in places) and Pseudo-Philo's Biblical Antiquities. Ecclesiasticus and some instances of biblical interpretation from Qumran also include interesting material. Additionally, non-Jewish treatments of Moses sometimes at least partly reflect contemporary, Jewish ideas and therefore ought to be included in discussion. Of all of these, perhaps the writings of Josephus, Pseudo-Philo, and the Assumption of Moses are most obviously relevant to NT study. These three are generally held to stem from Palestine, and from about the period when the New Testament was forming. The traditions they report are more likely than those of any other Jewish writers to have been known in the milieu of the first Christians. Their perspectives on Moses quite likely share something with the conceptions of Moses circulating among those who first converted to Christianity. Their value for illuminating the New Testament on that subject is therefore undoubted.2 Undoubtedly, Philo stands in a different part of the stream of Jewish tradition than, say, the Palestinian rabbis. This, however, only adds to his

1 On introduction to these two figures and the book named for them see Emil Schü- rer, The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), rev. Geza Vermes, Fergus Millar, and Martin Goodman, vol. 3.2 (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1987), 781. Hebrews 11:23-28 appears not to be much influenced by extra-bib- lical legend, though the length of that pericope shows the importance of Moses in the early Church. 2 Johannes Tromp, ed. and trans., The Assumption of Moses: A Critical Edition with Commentary, Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha, ed. A.-M. Denis and M. de Jonge, vol. 10 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993), 116-17 dates the Assumption of Moses to the first quarter of the first century A.D. Tromp, 93-111, 114-116, 120-23 presents a tho- rough review of the relevant scholarship, but see also especially the exchange between John J. Collins, "The Date and Provenance of the Testament of Moses," in Studies on the Testament of Moses, ed. George W. E. Nickelsburg, Jr., Septuagint and Cognate Studies, no. 4 (Cambridge, Mass.: Society of Biblical Literature, 1973), 15-32, and George W. E. Nickelsburg, Jr., "An Antiochan Date for the Testament of Moses," in the same volume, 33-37. 6 Chapter One importance as a witness to a non-Palestinian, though not necessarily aber- rant, Jewish tradition.3 In fact, Philo claims to draw for material on Moses not only on the Bible but also on the oral tradition of the Jewish elders (Mos. 1.4), and there are signs of contact between his treatment of Moses and the rabbinic midrash. His expressed dependence on Jewish tradition, combined with his representation of an educated and philosophically sophi- sticated sort of Jewish belief, mean that elements of the portrait of Moses which appear both in Philo and in the more obviously Palestinian sources should be regarded as very well-attested indeed. The Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian, as well as the writings of other Alexandrian Jews, such as Artapanus and Aristobulus, are similarly valuable. This study makes use of the Targums, as well as Samaritan and rabbinic literature. Although their final, edited form is relatively late, these corpora undoubtedly preserve material that is much earlier. The Targums in parti- cular, though suspected of reflecting Talmudic Judaism, can point the way toward how the Hebrew Bible was understood in an earlier day.4 The value of the Targums as witnesses to Jewish thought from long before their final redaction stems from their role in transmitting vernacular traditions conserved by regular liturgical use. (To the extent that a text comes in for regular use in public services it is protected from the "drift" to which texts that only see light in scribal halls and private studies may be subject, a phenomenon seen at its most pronounced in congregational reactions to

3 See Wayne A. Meeks, The Prophet-King: Moses Traditions and the Johannine Christology, Supplements to Novum Testamentum, ed. W. C. van Unnik, et al.? vol. 14 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1967), 100-102 on Philo as "Greek and Jew," and Erwin R. Goodenough, By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1935; reprint, Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1969), 180- 81. 4 Now we have manuscript evidence for written Targums from well before the turn of the era, which further indicates the value of the Targums for NT study. "Targums have long been recognised as part of the ancient literature of Judaism, but over the last century scholars have been reluctant to draw on these for NT background, reckoning that they reflect Talmudic Judaism. More recently there has been a renewed willing- ness to regard much targumic material as earlier, in some parts predating the destruc- tion of the Temple. The discovery of targumic material at Qumran [4QtgJob, llQtgJob, 4QtgLev] and an increased appreciation of the operation of synagogues at the end of the Second Temple era have contributed to this new assessment," p. 424 from David Powys, "Appendix A: The Relevance of the Palestinian Targums," in "Hell": A Hard Look at a Hard Question: The Fate of the Unrighteous in New Testa- ment Thought (Carlisle: Paternoster, 1998), 424-432, which contains a thorough and detailed discussion of the utility of the Targums for the study of the NT world. Powys, 424-25 also points out the lack of evidence for rabbinic redaction of the Palestinian Targums (Neofiti, Pseudo-Jonathan, the Cairo Genizah Targum fragments, and the Fragment Targum) apart from clearly interpolated passages, and urges the relevance of these Targums especially for the study of late Second Temple Judaism. Introduction 1 even slight alterations in much-loved hymns.) Much the same can be said for the rabbinic writings as well since, although they are academic produc- tions and did not have the same popular exposure enjoyed by the Targums, they self-consciously serve as preservers and repeaters of older tradition. The profile of the Samaritans in the period of the New Testament may have been much higher, and more meaningful among Jews, than might now be guessed. In the first century they constituted a significant, expanding population in Palestine.5 Josephus describes their territory as one of its three major divisions.6 They had their own council (|3ouAii), which was of sufficient standing both to send an embassy to the governor of Syria, and thus to bring about the recall of Pilate to Rome.7 Samaritans had extensive intercourse with Jews, much of it, evidently, along theological lines, and the ties between Jewish and Samaritan commu- nities were closer than usually supposed.8 Of course, these links also became the sources of great tension, as is well known. Ben Sira already describes the Samaritans as a "perfidious people" (50:26), and other inter- testamental writings are similarly vituperative, demonstrating the bad blood between the communities, but also their continued contact and interaction. Josephus reports a Samaritan desecration of the Temple under the gover- norship of Coponius (A.D. 6-9), again demonstrating ongoing contact and controversy between the two groups.9 Even outside their homelands Samaritans and Jews were simultaneously both distinct and linked together: the Samaritan and Jewish communities of maintained a running theological dispute that at one point led to a public debate under the patro- nage of Ptolemy Philometor.10 Undoubtedly the Jewish attitude toward Samaritans varied. In some earlier rabbinic traditions they could be seen as "almost Jewish," or at least more like Jews than .11 For example, m. Dem. 3.4 brackets Sama- ritans (DTHD) with common Jews (flKH D17), and not with non-Jews

5 Nathan Schur, History of the Samaritans, Beiträge zur Erforschung des Alten Testamentes und des antiken Judentums, ed. Matthias Augustin and Mach, no. 18 (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang, 1989), 44, 51. 6 B.J. 3.48-50, the other two are Galilee and Judaea. In Ant. 13.50 he lists Samaria (with Peraea and Galilee) as one of three toparchies adjoining Judaea. 7 Josephus, Ant. 18.88-89. 8 Schur, History of the Samaritans, 43. 9 Ant. 18.29-30. The Samaritans preserved memories of the incident. The destruc- tion of the Samaritan sanctuary on Mt. Gerizim by John Hyrcanus in 128 B.C. was pos- sibly the greatest source of bitterness between the two groups, see Schur, History of the Samaritans, 43. 10 Josephus, Ant. 12.10; 13.74-81 (including some possibly fabulous embroidery). 11 See Schnur, History of the Samaritans, 47-49. 8 Chapter One

(•"HD]) for purposes of purity.12 This once again demonstrates the (per- haps unwilling and distasteful) close community that existed between the two groups. Samaritans are certainly prominent in the New Testament, leading some scholars to think that the influence of Samaritan religion and thought is especially pronounced among the early Christians.13 All this counts as more evidence for the relevance of Samaritan traditions for un- derstanding Second Temple Judaism and the New Testament. Problems of dating and provenance that attend study of Samaritan lite- rature can be severe. Nonetheless, the paramount importance given to Moses in Samaritan thought combined with the close links between Jews and Samaritans in the Second Temple period suggests that Samaritan literature stands to make an important contribution to this study. This is particularly the case when the evidence gleaned from Samaritan sources can be seen to ratify the apparent thrust of Jewish evidence more clearly linked with the NT setting. The targumic, rabbinic, and Samaritan corpora all attest, from roughly the second century A.D. onwards, the continuing propagation among Jews who used Aramaic and Hebrew (and among Samaritans) of traditions about Moses apparently originating in earlier periods. Owing to the relatively late dates at which such material was finally edited, its employment often becomes entangled with difficulties regarding the date and provenance of the specific tradition being considered at any one time. In nearly every case, however, material from collections edited subsequent to the NT era is of interest here not primarily because an early date can be confidently assigned to a given line of thinking, but rather because even positions for- mulated at relatively late dates can attest the persistence of an idea or theme arising at a much earlier time down to a later period. Naturally, wri- tings generally considered to be relatively early, such as the Mishnah and the halakhic midrashim, are given a measure of priority over those which are widely acknowledged to be late, such as the later homiletic midrashim. Likewise, both rabbinic and targumic traditions, generally speaking, are of less moment than texts and traditions more certainly stemming from near or within the first century itself.

12 See also m. Nid. 4.1-2; 7.3, with Christine E. Hayes, Impurities and Jewish Identities: Intermarriage and Conversion from the Bible to the Talmud (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 111, 122-23. Josephus, Ant. 11.340-41 relates, with irritation, that the Samaritans themselves claimed connection with the Jews. 13 Further on the high profile of the Samaritans among the Jews in John Bowman, "Samaritan Studies," Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 40 (1957-58): 298-99, who argues, 298-308, that the Fourth Gospel was written with Samaritan theology clearly in mind. Introduction 9

1.2 Need and Prospects for This Study

The figure of Moses has always been important in NT and Jewish studies alike, but some important opportunities for further investigation remain. First, examination of the NT depiction of Moses often takes place solely as an adjunct to the study of NT Christology. The NT material on Moses, how- ever, urgently needs to be considered for its contribution to the understanding of contemporary Judaism as well. While a variety of Jewish literatirre from the first century A.D. has been preserved, in many respects the New Testament contains the best of those sources. As M. Hengel puts it: Denn daß das Neue Testament ohne die Kenntnis der zeitgenössischen jüdischen Geschichte und Religion historisch weithin unverständlich bleibt, wird heute kaum mehr bestritten. Daß es jedoch umgekehrt selbst eine wichtige Quelle für die Erforschung des Judentums seiner Zeit darstellt, wird erst allmählich erkannt.14 This study will seek to broaden and refine modern understanding of ancient Judaism by elucidating the (first of all Jewish) portrait of Moses found in the New Testament. Second, the special theme of this study, the relation of Moses to Israel and to the Jewish people, seems particularly underexplored. The ancient con- ception of Moses' relationship to Israel, however, including his functions within that relationship and Israel's resultant disposition vis-à-vis Moses, is one of critical importance for understanding Jewish "ecclesiology." The same conception, especially as it stood in the Herodian age and the early Christian period, has significant bearing on the study of early Christian ecclesiology, and of the functions Christ was held to have in the Christian Church. On this score this study holds out the prospect of illuminating both ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Third, when studies of Moses in the New Testament are undertaken, they usually look only at a single book or corpus of material (particularly the Fourth Gospel, where Moses has attracted special attention). At some stage, how- ever, the NT material really requires treatment as a whole. This study exa- mines the figure of Moses across the whole New Testament, while still respec- ting the distinctiveness of the various NT sources.15

14 Martin Hengel, "Das Johannesevangelium als Quelle für die Geschichte des anti- ken Judentums," in Judaica, Hellenistica, et Christiana: Kleine Schriften 11, ed. Martin Hengel with Jörg Frey and Dorothea Betz, WUNT, ed. Martin Hengel and Otfried Hofius, no. 109 (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1999), 294-95. See also A. F. Segal, "Conversion and Messianism: Outline for a New Approach," in The Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, ed. James H. Charlesworth, et al. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992), 299. 15 Josef M. Kastner, "Moses im Neuen Testament" (Th.D. diss., Ludwig-Maximi- lians-Universität Munich, 1967) must be given his due here, as another effort to view Moses across the whole of the New Testament; others have made briefer attempts, such 10 Chapter One

Fourth, NT scholars have not been mistaken in supposing Moses to be important for early Christology — no doubt it is here that the figure of Moses has its chief importance for early Christianity. The significance of Moses for early christology, therefore, is clearly an important fourth arena of inquiry to which this study contributes. This is particularly so because the christological relevance of Moses can only be adequately assessed in light of the witness of the whole New Testament to the figure of Moses himself^ properly contextu- alized within contemporary Judaism. The expectation of better understanding of first-century A.D. Christianity through this study has already been ex- pressed. In particular, a fuller appreciation of the NT portrait of Moses will allow a better-informed assessment of the role of Moses in NT, and pre-NT, Christology.

1.3 Recent Study of Moses in the New Testament

Recent study of the figure of Moses in the New Testament and in ancient Judaism will now be surveyed. Research on the place Moses had in NT Chris- tology is reviewed separately at the beginning of Chapter Eight. J. Jeremias A particularly influential effort to describe the figure of Moses in the New Testament is the Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament article by J. Jeremias (1942).16 Jeremias summarizes Jewish thought about Moses in rab- binic writings and in the New Testament, though his treatment of individual NT books or corpora is limited to the assessment of Moses/Christ typology. That is, in the New Testament his interest lies in Christology. For Jeremias, Moses is everywhere in the New Testament essentially the lawgiver. Jeremias alludes to the special, personal authority of Moses, im- plying a distinction between Moses merely mediating law and Moses creating law himself a distinction that this study will take up in Chapter Five.17 In addition to his role as lawgiver, Jeremias also views Moses in the New Testa- ment as a prophet (principally of Christ).18 Jeremias calls attention both to what he identifies as the essentially Pales- tinian character of the NT portrait of Moses, as well as to what he considers as J. Jeremias and his TWNT article (see next note). These studies, however, all have their shortcomings from the point of view of the present study, and clearly stand in a complementary position. See the review of past scholarship, below. 16 J. Jeremias, "Mcouofic," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel, trans, and ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley, vol. 4, A -N (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1967), 848-73. 17 Ibid., 864-65. 18 Ibid., 865. Citation Index

Contents: 1. Old Testament; 2. Apocrypha; 3. New Testament; 4. Pseudepigrapha; 5. Philo; 6. Josephus; 7. Secular Authors; 8. Ecclesiastical Authors; 9. Qumran; 10. Targums; 11. Mishnah; 12. Tosefta; 13. Babylonian Talmud; 14. Jerusalem Talmud; 15. Midrash; 16. Samaritan Literature; 17. Piyyut; 18. Papyri and Manuscripts

1. Old Testament 8:12(16) 55 n 109 Genesis 9:16 164 1:2 LXX 191 n 73 9:22 55 n 109 3:16 163 n 159 10:16 226 4:7 134 n 48 14:16 55 n 109 6:7 136 14:21 55 n 109 11:5 136 14:31 33 n 5; 226; 248; 249; 12:3 164 251; 252 17:6 LXX 114 n 163 16:4 107 n 132 17:16 LXX 114 n 163 16:19-20 107 n 132 21:10 164 16:25 107 n 132 23:36 LXX 114n 163 17:1-7 226; 248 35:11 LXX 114n 163 17:2 226 36:31 LXX 114n 163 18:14 107 37:9 101 18:21 108 49:10 LXX 114 18:25 108 19:5 117 n 178 Exodus 20:2 117 n 178 2:14 117 20:21 94 3:1-4 33 n 4 22:19 145 n 103 3:4-9 33 n 4 22:20 LXX 184 n 31 3:10-12 33 n 4 24:6 66 n 2 3:13 71 25:22 66 3:15 71 25:40 158 3:20 58 31:2-3 LXX 191 4:1-9 63; 249; 252 31:18 170 4:9 58 32:7 117 n 178 4:16 92; 93; 230; 246-47; 32:11 117 n 178 257 32:14 117 n 178 4:20 79; 80 32:15-16 170 4:24-26 221 33:11 34, 35, 38; 284 4:28 71 33:19 166 n 174 4:30-31 52 n 98 34:1 170 6:16 117 n 178 34:6 145 n. 103 7:1 92; 93; 94; 97; 98; 34:27 145 n 103 107; 230-33; 236; 246- 34:29-35 49; 96; 167; 169 n 182 47; 257 37:27 166 n 174 7:20 55 n 109 8:1(5) 55 n 109 328 Citation Index

Leviticus 17:9 87 8:29 70 n 26 17:14-20 83 10:16-20 66 n 2 17:14-20 LXX 114 12:1-3 221 n 66 17:17 115 16:2 66 18:15 33 n 5; 51; 63 n 136; 18:2 165 84-90; 111 18:5 165 18:15-16 51 18:1-3 132 18:15-18 259 n 3 18:13 131 18:15-19 15; 18; 49; 50; 63; 18:30-9:24 66 n 2 259; 264 n 40; 268 23:29 51 18:18 89 24:3-8 66 n 2 18:19 51 26:11 166 n 174 25:4 166 26:8 73 Numbers 28:20 126 1:4 286 28:36 LXX 114 1:16-17 286 32:15 164 n 165 11 47 32:20 131 11:17 192 32:21 165 11:25 47 32:33 131; 132 11:28 141 n 80 33 38; 201 12:3 282 n 122 33:1 33 n 5; 46; 236; 12:6-8 32; 33; 89 282 n 122 12:7 120 33:3-4 275 n 104 12:7-8 33 n 5; 35, 38; 119 33:3-4 LXX 127 14:9 164 n 165 33:5 80-84; 106; 107; 114; 14:44 254 116 20:1-15 248 33:5 LXX 128 21:5 226 33:5 Symm 83 21:7 227 33:5 Theod 83 21:18 131 33:8 64 n 137 23:21 114 33:11 245 n 168 24:17 89; 115 33:15 33 n 5 27:16-20 109 33:21 131 27:17 108 n 134; 116; 274 34 199 28:2 134 34:5 33 n 5; 200 33:12-34:8 235 34:6 200 34:9 34 Deuteronomy 34:10 32, 33 n 5; 34, 35, 38 1:6-4:40 125 34:10-12 34 4:13-14 125-27; 140; 141 5:1-28:68 125 5:6-21 126 1:1 33 n 5 5:31 193 1:2 33 n 5 7:4 126 1:7 33 n 5; 127 n 11 7:8 131 1:15 33 n 5 9:5 131 8:31 33 n 5; 127 n 11 11:13-15 126 8:33 33 n 5; 127 n 11 12:1 125-26 8:35 127 n 11 13:2-12 62 9:2b LXX 127 n 11 Citation Index 329

9:2d LXX 127 n 11 5 -14 52 n 98 9:2f LXX 127 n 11 18:12 33 n 5; 127 n 11 9:24 33 n 5 20:7 52 n 98 11:12 33 n 5 20:8 52 n 98 11:15 33 n 5 20:11 52 n 98 12:6 33 n 5 21 8 33 n 5; 127 n 11 13:8 33 n 5 14:7 33 n 5 1 Chronicles 18:7 33 n 5 6:49 33 n 5 22:2 33 n 5 11:2 109 n 137 22:4 33 n 5 17 122 22:5 33 n 5 17 4-5 120 n 192 17 4-14 120 Judges 17 10 120 n 92; 121 2:18 117 n 178 17 12 120 n192; 121 3:9 117 n178 17 12-14 121; 122 3:15 117 n 178 17 13 121 3:31 117 n 178 17 14 120; 121 6:8 71 n 31 21 17 109 n 137 6:14 117 n 178 23 13-14 70 n 28 10:1 117 n 178 23 14 33 n 5; 282 n 122 13:5 117 n 178 18:30 66 2 Chronicles 1:3 33 n 5 1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms LXX) 17:7-9 77 n 57 2:30-35 122 n201 18:16 108 2:35 121 24:6 33 n 5 10:9-11 85 n24 24:9 33 n 5 11:6 85 n24 30:16 33 n 5; 282 n 122 12:6-15 87 35:6 127 16:13-14 85 n 24 19:23-24 85 n24 Ezra ( 1-10 LXX) 28:12-19 195 n 88 3:2 33 n 5; 282 n 122

2 Samuel (2 Kingdoms LXX) Nehemiah (2 Esdras 11-23 LXX) 5:2 109 n 137 1 7 127 n 12 7:5-16 120 n191 1 7-8 33 n 5 7:14 120 n 191 1 8 127 n 12 23:2 85 n24 8 1 127 n 12 24:17 109 n 137 8 14 127 9 14 33 n 5; 127 n 12 1 Kings (3 Kingdoms LXX) 10:29 33 n 5; 127 n 12 8:56 33 n 5; 127 n 11 10:19 107 n 131; 154 Job 14:6 LXX 71 n 32 42:17 LXX 195 n 88 17:17-24 52 n 98 22:17 108 Psalms 1 8 15 LXX 117 n 178 2 Kings (4 Kingdoms LXX) 23:2 108 n 134 4:32-37 52 n 98 30(31) 219 330 Citation Index

31(21): 1 166 n174 Jeremiah 36 219 1:5 38; 41; 213 n 21; 284 45(44): 7 80 n 2 1:7 71 n 31 65(64) 219 2:1-7 176 n 5 68:19 146 31:10 109 n137 68:23 166 n 174 73(72): 12 42 Ezekiel 77:20[21] 109 n137 2:3 71 n 31 77:35 LXX 117 n 178 7:27 113 78:24 158 n 148 12:10 113 78:52 109 n 137 19:11 79 n 2 78:71-72 109 n 137 19:14 79 n 2 81:5-6(4-5) 153 n 127 20:34-38 57 n 118 82:1 238 21:17 LXX 113 n 160 82:6 238; 246 21:30 LXX 113 n160 90:1 33 n 5; 46; 282 n 122 22:6 LXX 113 n 160 99:6 66; 69; 70 n 28 26:16 LXX 113 n160 104:15 LXX 114 n 163 27:21 LXX 113 n 160 105:15 114 n163 28:2 113 105(104):26-27 33; 33 n 5 28:12 113 105:27 55 n 110 30:13 LXX 113 n 160 109:2 LXX 80 n 2 32:29 LXX 113 n 160 110:1 92 34 109 n137; 110 n148 110:1-3 92 n 59 34:8 108 n135 110:2 80 n 2 34:13-14 111 34:14 111 Ecclesiastes 34:23-34 108; 110n 148 9:6 42 34:24 113 34:31 110 n 144 Isaiah 37:22 113 6:8 71 n 31 37:24-25 113 11:1-2 85 38:2-3 LXX 113 n 160 19:20 117 n 178 39:1 LXX 113 n 160 26:19 195 n 88 39:18 LXX 113 n 160 28:11 162 38:7 52 n 98 Daniel 38:8 52 n 98 1:8 229 n 95 38:21 52 n 98 9:6 LXX 40 48:21 57 n 118 9:10 LXX 127 51:10 57 n 118 9:11 33 n 5 52:11 166 n 174 12:2 195 n 88 52:13 264 n 40 12:13 195 n 88 53:11 264 n 49 53:12 198 n 102 Hosea 59:20 117 n 178 2:1 166 n 174 61:1 71 n 31 2:25 166 n 174 62:11 117 n 178 12:14(13) 32; 48 63:11 109; 110 63:11-12 192 n 76 Joel 2:28-32 54 Citation Index 331

Obadiah Ecclesiasticus (Ben Sira) 21 117 n 178 24:23 128 43:5 35 n 14 Micah 44-50 215 7:15 57 n 118 44:23-45:5 34 45:2 232; 242; 244 Haggai 45:3 35 1:12 71 n 31 45:5 35 45:6 242 Zechariah 46:1 34, 53 2:12 71 n 31 46:4 53 10:2 108 n 135;109 n 137 46:4-5 35 n 11 13:7 108 n 135 46:9 53 46:17 53 Malachi 48:2-5 53 2:7 75; 243 48:2-6 35 n 11 3:22(4:4) 33 n 5; 127 48:4 53 3:23 198 48:9 198 n 100 48:12 12, 53 2. Apocrypha 48:12-14 35 n 11 48:14 53 1:6 127 n 12 48:23 53 9:39 127 n 12 49:10 195 n 88

2 Esdras Baruch 7:89 229 n 94 2:28 33 n 5 19:9-20 175 n 1 Susannah Tobit 45 Theod 189 n 57 6:13 144 n 93 7:12 144 n 93 1:48 229 n 95 Judith 1:62-63 229 n 95 11:19 108 n 135 2:51-60 215 2:58 198 n 100 Wisdom of Solomon 4:44-46 61 n 131 7:22 184 n 33 9:27 61 n 131 7.27 45 n 65 14:41 61 n 131 8:19-20 193 9:4 193 9:6 193 6 18-26 229 n 95 9:17 184 n 33 7 1-9 229 n 95 10:15-16 36 7 9 195 n 88 10:16 33 n 5; 35 n 12 7 11 195 n 88 10:20-21 184 n 33 7 14 195 n 88 11:1 36 7 23 195 n 88 18:22-25 243 7 42 229 n 95 14:46 195 n 88 15:14 190 n 63 332 Citation Index

3. New Testament 6:14-15 198 n 100 Matthew 6:14-16 195 n 88 7:29 276 n 107 6:30-47 110 n 147 8:4 152 6:31 108 8:20 284 n 128 6:32 108 9:1-8 59 6:34 108; 274 9:6 59 6:34-44 79; 108 9:36 274 6:35 108 10:1-7 77 n 57 6:39 108 n 134 11:13 156 7:6-13 151 12:2 59 n 123 7:9 151 12:9 59 n 123 7:10 150 12:14 59 n 123 7:10-15 275 n 105 12:24 59 n 123 8:1-11 59 n 123 12:38 59 n 123 8:28 195 n 88 13:57-58 54 8:33 188 n 53 14:2 195 n 88 9:9-13 212 15:3-11 275 n 105 9:11 198 n 100 15:4 150 10:2-12 149; 275 n 105 15:29-16:1 59 n 123 10:3 149; 150 17:9-13 212 10:4 149 17:10 198 n 100 10:5 149 19:3-6 150 10:6-9 149 19:3-9 150 10:30 42 19:3-11 275 n 105 11:27 61 19:28 286 12:19 151 21:23 61 12:26 152; 157 22:24 151 13:22 59 22:30 243 22:31 152 Luke 22:43 85 2:22 157 n 141 23:2 154; 155; 218; 4:16-30 271 276 n 107 5:14 152; 156 n 140 23:2-3 153; 155 n 138; 160 5:17-26 59 23:3 155 5:21 227 23:34-46 284 n 128 5:24 59 23:37-39 284 n 128 7:11-16 54 n 107 24:24 59 7:16 54; 272 24:24-26 110 n 147 7:17 54 n 107 27:47 196 n 91 7:18-23 54 n 107 27:54 248 n 185 7:39 54 n 107; 272 9:1-6 77 n 57 Mark 9:9 272 1:44 152 9:10 77 n 57 2:1-12 59 9:18-19 272 2:10 59 9:19 195 n 88 3:11 188 n 53 9:30 212 3:28 227 n 88 9:31 212; 262 n 23 6:4-5 54 9:58 284 n 128 Citation Index 333

11:14-16 59 n 123 7:16-18 159 13:31-35 271 7:16-24 159 13:34-35 284 n128 7:18 159 16:16 156 7:19 159; 161 16:29 156 7:22 157; 159; 160; 161 16:31 156 7:22-23 221 n 65; 222 18:30 42 7:23 159; 161 20:2 61 7:31 61 n 128 20:28 151 8:2-6 159; 161 20:37 152; 156 n 140 9:28 217-18; 220; 256; 278 20:42-43 272 9:28-29 220 22:65 227 n 88 10:34 162 n 157 23:39 227 n 88 10:41 53 n 102; 60 24:19 54; 55; 271; 272 n 93; 11:47-48 61 281n120 11:47-57 64 n 137 24:21 228; 281 n 120 11:51 64 24:27 16; 156 12:37 61 n 129 24:44 163 n 158 17:8 275 n 104 24:44-45 16 Acts John 1:9 200 n 109 1:1-17 266 n 63 2:18-19 54 1:3-4 237 2:22 55; 272 n 93; 1:17 159; 161 281n120 1:45 49 2:30 85 2:18 60 2:36 148 n 114 3:2 61 n 128 2:43 62 4:25 88 3 264 n 40; 268 4:48 59 3:12-26 264 n 40 5:18 224 3:15 281 n 120 5:32 247 n 181 3:21 51 5:39 224 3:22 268 5:45 224 3:22-23 268; 272 5:45-47 159; 249 n 189; 252; 3:22-26 49; 50; 51-52; 63 257 4:30 62 5:46 49 5:21 257 5:46-47 159; 247 5:31 228; 281 n 120 6:1-24 112 n 157 5:36 57 n 117 6:1-14 60 6:11 157; 158; 226; 228; 6:1-15 79; 110 229; 247; 248 n 185; 253; 6:14 54; 61 n 128; 111; 254; 256 262 n 28; 272; 274 6:11-14 254 6:14-15 20; 113; 274 6:13 158 6:15 111 6:13-14 254 6:25 112 n 155 6:14 157; 158; 226 n 84 6:26-59 111 7 63; 116; 268 6:30 60 7:17-44 210 6:31-32 158 n148 7:20 211 6:34 112 n 155 7:20-39 49; 50; 52-62 6:70 188 n 53 7:22 210 334 Citation Index

7:27 117 n 177 7:22 166 n 175 7:35 79; 113; 117 n 177; 7:25 166n 175 118; 123; 228; 229; 255-56; 8:7 166n 175 281 n 120 9:15 166; 166 n174 7:35-38 116 n 176; 268 9:17 164; 166 n174 7:35-40 188 9:25-27 166 n 174 7:36 55; 63; 272 n 93; 9:27 166 n 174 281n 120 9:29 166 n 174 7:38 132 9:31 199 n 104 7:39 255 10:5 165-66; 167 7:42 255 10:5-8 166 n 172 7:44 158 10:11 164 7:51-52 52 n 97 10:16 166 n 174 8:5 222 n 73 10:19 165-66; 167 9:20 222 n 73 10:20 166 10:38-39 272 10:21-22 166 n 174 10:45 222 n 67 11:25 177 n 7 11:2 222 n 67 15:8 171 n 193 13:38-39 163 n158 15:18-19 62 13:39 157 n141 13:45 227 n 89 1 Corinthians 15:1 157; 161; 221; 222; 1:22 59 225; 253; 256 2:4 62 n 132 15:5 157 n 141; 222 n 68; 3:5 171 253 3:18 42 15:10 157 8-10 185 n 34 15:12 62 9:9 166 15:21 157; 158; 167 n 177; 10 14; 177; 184 222; 225; 256 10:1-2 177 16:3 222 n 69 10:1-4 175; 176; 177; 178; 18:6 227 nn 88 89 188; 207 n 129 19:13 222 n 73 10:1-11 12; 175; 182 19:37 227 n 90 10:2 14; 30; 176; 177; 178; 20:37 157 183; 184; 185 n 37; 21:21 157; 222 n 69; 253-54; 186-88; 207-208; 220; 256 290 21:27 253 12:1 177 n 7 21:28 254 12:13 185 21:38 57 n 117; 110 n 147 14:14-15 188 n 53 26:22-23 156 14:21 162 28:23 157 n 141; 163 n 158 14:32 188 n 53 14:34 162; 163n 159 Romans 1:13 177 n 7 2 Corinthians 3:19 162 n 157; 164 1:8 177 n 7 4:6 166 n 174 3 14; 167; 168; 171; 5:13-14 166 n 174 172; 173 6:3 185; 186 3:1-3 169 7:7 164 3:2 170 7:9-10 167 n 179 3:3 167 Citation Index 335

3:4-5 170 1 Thessalonians 3:6 167; 170; 171 1:5 62 n 132 3:7 167; 170 4:13 177 n 7 3:7-11 168 3:7-18 12; 169 n 182 Titus 3:8-9 170 1:10 222 n 67 3:9 167 2:12 42 3:12-16 175 n 1 3:12-18 169 n 182; 170 1 Timothy 3:14 167; 257 2:5 50 3:14-15 167; 171; 172 3:15 190 2 Timothy 3:16 168 n 180 3:8 210 6:16-17 166n 174 12:12 62 Hebrews 1:5 120 n 191 Galatians 2:3-4 62 1:15 213 n21; 284 3:1 65 2:3 222 n 68 3:1-6 30; 65-66; 69; 73-77; 2:7 222 n 67 79; 118-122; 272; 273; 2:9 222 n 67 289 2:12 222 n 67 3:2 119; 120; 121 3:6-4:7 12 3:3 121 3:8 164; 168 3:3-4 121 3:10 167 n 179 3:5 119; 121 3:17 160 n 153 3:16 117 n 178 3:19 12, 15, 39, 49-50; 132; 4:13 73 168; 171; 173 6:9-10 176 n 5 3:19-20 284 n 129 7:1 118 3:22-23 164 8:1 118; 119 3:26-27 186 8:2 119 3:27 185 8:5 50; 158 4:4-6 284 8:6 50 4:30 164 9:15 50 5:2-3 222 n 69 9:19 50 11 215 Ephesians 12:19 50 1:17 184 n 33 12:21 50 1:21 42 12:24 50 2:11 222 n 67 13:20 109 2:20 77 3:6-7 171 n 193 2 Peter 1:15 199 n 104 Philippians 2:6 284 1 John 1:21 225 Colossians 1:13-20 116 n 176 Jude 3:11 222 n 67 9 189; 210 4:11 222 n 67 336 Citation Index

Revelation 59:4-8 43 11:1-6 197 66:6 195 n 88 11:3-12 54 76:2 198 n 100 13:11-17 59 84:5 43 13:13-14 60 16:13 59 1 Enoch 19:20 59 89:36 203; 244 20:10 60 89:38 203 90:31 198 n 100 4. Pseudepigrapha 90:33 195 n 88 Letter of Aristeas 15 129 1 Enoch 37-71 (Similitudes) 130-71 129 41:1-2 120 n 190 48:2-7 283 n 125 Assumption of Moses, 26 51:3 95 1:5 38 n 27 51:4 101 n 99 1:14 38 n 27, 38, 39, 55:4 101 39 n 35, 40; 139; 213; 61:8 95; 101 283 62:5 95 1:15 38 n27; 189 69:29 95 2:1-10:10 38 n 27 70:4 195 n 88 3:11-12 38 3:12 38; 139 6:6 39 n 31 9:1-5 95 6:7-8 39 n 31 9:2 243 n 156 10:2 71 n 34; 75 10:2 95 n 76 10:12 204 10:3-4 95 n 76 10:14 189; 204 12:5 95 n 76 11:2 204 15:1-2 243 n 156 11:5-8 204-205 48C:5-7 95 11:14 39 n 29; 40 48C:7 95 n 76 11:16 38; 38 n27; 39-43; 48C:8 95 n 76 189; 205 48D: 1.90 95 n 76 11:16-17 41; 43 11:16-19 41; 188-89 4 Esdras 11:17 38; 39; 39 n 29; 40; 4(6).26 198 n 100 71; 77; 189 12:4 213 n 21 4 Ezra 26 12:6 39 n29; 189 4:41-42 195 n 88 12:6-7 213 n21 7:28 195 n 88; 198 n100 7:89 229 n 94 26 13:52 195 n 88; 198 n 100 13:3 198 n 100 14:5 43 21:23-24 195 n 88 14:9 198 n 100 21:24 195 n 88 14:19-48 147 n 109 25:1 198 n 100 14:50 198 n 100 29:8 107 n 132 48:30 198 n 100 Ezekiel Tragi cus, Exagoge, 95 59:1 198 n 102 68 90 68-89 90 Citation Index 337

83-89 36-37 84 124 n 2; 128 n 14; 84-86 100-101 134 n 43 120-151 56 85 214 n 32 86 124 n 2; 128 n 14; Jubilees 26 134 n 43 1:4 34 131 165 n 169 1:26 34 144 124 n 2 4:17 210 n 9 145 134 n 43 31:21-23 276 n 110 172 128 n 14; 134 n 43

Martyrdom of Isaiah De Cherubim 3:8 43 45 214 n 32 48 219 Paraleipomena Jeremiou. 49 194; 220 9.2p 276 n 110 53 135 55 135 Pseudo-Orpheus 87 134 n 43;135 Orphica 124 44 n 62 21-46 233-35 De Confusione Linguarum 29 43 n 50 4.165 179 n 13 39 44 n 54; 219 n 52 11.35-40 102-103 62 44 n 54; 219 n 55 98 118 n 181 Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs 134-35 136 —Testament of Benjamin 135 124 n 2; 219 n 50 10:6-7 195 n 88 192-93 134 nn 43 48 —Testament of Judah 25 195 n 88 De Congressu Erudìtionis gratia 25:4 195 n 88 25 136 —Testament of Levi 40 44 n 58 8.14-15 85 43 136 —Testament of Simeon 44 124 n 2 6.7 195 n 88 89-90 134 n 43; 135 n 56 —Testament ofZebulun 92 134 n 43; 135 n 56 10 195 n 88 94 134 n 43; 135 n 56 103 134 n 43 5. Philo 120 134 nn 43 47 De Abraham o 132 133 70 118 n 181 137 143 n 89 181 214n32 170 44 n 58 262 44 n 64 177 219 n 51

De Aeternitate Mundi De Decalogo 19 124 n 2 18 44 n 53; 133 20 133 De Agricultura 46 133 2 136 60 118 n 181 27 124 n 2 155 118 n 181 175 43 n 50; 44 n 54; 1< 338 Citation Index

(Quod) Deterius Potiori insidiari soleat 56 43 n 50; 44 n 56 86 219 105 124 n 2; 136 n 58 Hypothetica 132 214 n 30 6.8 163 n159 135 214 n 32 6.8-9 133; 134 n 43; 151 138 214 n 33 6.9 125 159 165 n 170 7.3 163 n 159 160 75 7.11 134 161-62 231 11.1 220

De Ebrietate De Josepho 1 124 n 2 2-3 109n139 85 43 n 50 149 118 n 181 94 214 n 30 189 133 n 40 143 87 210 214 n 31 De Legatione ad Gaium 22 118 In Flaccum 353 133 n 40 74 118 126 118 Legum Allegon arum 1.40 230 n 101 De Fuga et Inventione 2.1 43 n 50 53-54 134 n 43 2.14 124 n 2 65 134 2.15-16 136 n 58 66 135 n 55 2.56 118 83-84 134 n 43 3.22 134 n 43 120 124 n 2 3.32 135 138 43 n 50 3.32-33 134 n 43 140 43 n 50 3.43 44 n 57 147 44 n 59 3.96 136 n 58 185 135 n 56 3.100-102 219 n 58 185-86 134 n 43 3.151 44 n 52; 219 nn 56 57 186 192 n 74 3.173 44 n 53 193 134 3.185 214 n 32

De Gigantibus De Migratione Abrahami 19 124 n 2 14 44 n 52 19-20 192 15 57 n 117 19-23 191 23 134 n 45 23 191; 192 23-24 135 24 192 67 214 n 34 26-27 192 69 230 n 101 32 134 73 133 n 40 32-33 134 n 43 84 230 n 101 34 188 n 53 130 127 n 10 47 43 n 50; 44 n 62; 192 151 44 n 58 53 192 202-203 135 n 56 54 44 n 52; 219 n 57; 220 n 60 De Vita Mosis 55 192 1.1 125; 215 n 36 Citation Index 339

1.2 135 2.69 43 n 50, 44 n 62; 1.22 193 192 n 76 1.23 235 2.71 67 nn 12 13 1.24 235 2.75 67 n 13 1.25 235 2.76 43 n 50; 45 n 67; 1.27 193 67 n 11 1.29 214 n 29 2.84 133 n 39 1.45 135 2.141 67 n 14 1.47-48 135 2.142 104 n116 1.48 104 n 116; 135 2.153 67 n 14 1.51 104 n 114 2.166 68 1.57 43 n50 2.187 43 n 50, 44 n 55; 1.60 110 67 n 11; 104; 214 1.61-62 109 n 139 2.188 43 n 50; 133 1.63 135 n 52 2.188-90 43 n 50, 44 n 62 1.76 59 2.188-91 146 1.82 59 n 122 2.190 133 1.90-91 59 2.191 43 n 50; 133 1.95 59 2.205 219 n 50 1.97 55 n 113 2.209 43 n 50 1.99 55 n 113 2.211 214 n 28 1.103 55 n 113 2.213 43 n 50 1.107 55 n 113 2.246 43 n 50 1.113-14 55 n 113 2.250 43 n 50 1.120 55 n 113 2.257 43 n 50 1.126-27 55 n 113 2.258 43 n 50 1.128 68 n 17; 124 n 2 2.259 43 n 50 1.130 55 n 113 2.259-60 44 n 62 1.334 104 2.262 43 n 50 1.148-49 104 n 116 2.263 43 n 50; 44 n 64 1.155-58 97; 230 n 101 2.264-65 45 n 65; 192 n 76 1.158 93; 94; 230; 246 2.268 43 n 50 1.162 124 n 2 2.269 43 n 50; 44 n 60 1.175 43 n 50; 44 n 62 2.270 43 n 50 1.201 43 n 50; 44 n 62 2.275 43 n 50; 45 n 67 1.210 43 n 50 2.278 43 n 50 1.334 67 n 11 2.280 43 n 50 2.1 104 2.284 43 n 50 2.2 104 2.288 193; 201 2.2-7 67 n 11 2.290 192; 193 n 78 2.3 104 n 116; 214; 2.291 201 215 n 37 2.292 67 n 11; 192; 202: 2.6 43 n 50; 214 2.11 133 n 40 De Mutatione Nominum 2.12 133 n 40; 135 n 53 7-8 192 2.15 133 n 39 11 43 n 50 2.16 45 n 67; 67 n 11 13 192 2.40 193 19-22 231 2.50 45 n 67 22 232 2.67 104 n 116; 192 n 76 30 214 n 32 340 Citation Index

51 143 n 89 54 104 103 44 n 51; 44 n 62 55 85 n 23 113 44 n 59; 44 n 62 56 67 n 11 120 44 n 59 77 104 n 115 125 44 n 51; 44 n 62 120-21 220 n 59 128 230 123 43 n 50 129 230 n101 168 134 n 48 Questions on Exodus 187 136 n 58 1.1 134 n 48 195 134 n 48 1.11 43 n 50 243 134 1.23 143 n 89 2.29 133 n 38 De Opifìcio Mundi 2.37 44 n 61 1-2 135 n 53 2.38 143 n 89 25 134 2.42 133 n41; 135 n 51 128 135 2.43 43 n 50 169 118 2.44 43 n 50 2.46 43 n 50 De Plantatione 2.52 43 n 50 26 219 2.68 232 46 68 n 17 2.105 75 n 52; 118 62 134 n 43 2.220 44 n 59 86 214 n 32 90 105 n 122 Questions on Genesis 92 105 n 122 1.57 232 168 214 n 32 1.86 43 n 50; 44 n 51 2.16 232 De Posteritate Caini 2.45 143 n 89 16 44 n 52 2.62 143 n 89 28 44 n 62 2.64 44 n 61 47 124 n 2 4.1 143 n 89 80 164 n 164 4.2 143 n 89 89 164 n 163 4.8 44 n 51 94 165 n 167 4.27 43 n 50 96 165 n170 4.29 43 n50 102 164 n 164 121 164 n 165 Quis rerum divinarum Heres sit 122 164 n 165 4 43 n50 133 124 n 2 13 128n 14; 134 n43 158 133 n 39 49 128 n 14 164 44 n 52 67 136 173 44 n 52 81 219 n 50 120 134 n 43 De Praemiis et Poenis 128 136 1 44 n 62; 137 n 63 163 124 n 2 2 133 182 67 n 15 34 118 n 181 239 134 n 43 53 44 n 61; 67 n 11; 259 45 n65 214 n 24 262 43 n 50 53-55 104 n 115 292 124 n 2 Citation Index 341

296 134 n 48 2.245 219 n 54 2.263 128 n 14; 134 n 43 Quod Deus sit Immutabilis 2.277 43 n 50 6 134 nn 43 48 21 124 n 2 De Specialibus Legibus 23 124 n 2 1.15 124 n 2 52 124 n 2; 136 1.41 44 n 52; 214 n 34; 60 134 n 43 219 n 56 61 124 n 2 1.63 135 n 52 67 124 n 2; 134 n 50 1.65 43 n 50; 44 n 60 88 134 n 43 1.345 219 n 50 94 124 n 2 2.59 214 n 32 127 134 n 43 2.88 219 156 44 n 52; 219 n 56 2.104 135 2.132 124 n 2 Quod omnis Probus liber 2.201 44 n 52 29 124 n 2 2.239 124 n 2 31-32 109 n139 2.256 133 n40; 219 43-44 231 n 102 3.6 44 n 63 68 124 n 2 3.24 135 3.26 135 De Sacrißciis Abelis et Caini 3.42 134 8 193 3.51 135 n 52 9 193 3.119 164 n 166 9-10 230n101 3.125 133 n 40 72 124 n 2; 134 n 43 3.167-68 135 77 215 n 35 3.182 165 n 168 94 44 n 52 4.36 45 n 67 97 134 nn 43 49 4.49 44 n 60 130 43 n 50; 67 n 11; 4.55 134 n 43; 135 214 n 24 4.66 256 131 135 n 55 4.95 214 n 32 4.116 134 n 43 De Somniis 4.119 134 n 43 1.14-15 136 4.120 134 n43; 135 1.34 136 n 58 4.126 134 n 43 1.39 40 4.132 133 n 40 1.76 136 n 58 4.176 105 n 115 1.92-93 134 n 48 4.177 44 n 52 1.95 134 n 48 4.192 45 n 65; 45 n 67; 1.143 68 n 17 64 n 137; 67 n 11 1.164 194 4.194 134 n 43 1.164-65 193 4.213-217 165 1.221 136 n 58 2.3 44 n 52 De Virtute 2.4 124 n 2 18-19 165 n 171 2.29 44 n 52 54 104; 202 n 114; 2.109 44 n 52 214 n 25 2.188 242 55 44 n 62 2.189 44 n 51; 230 n 101 57 104 n 114; 202 n 1 342 Citation Index

58 104 n 115 2.286 58 62 192 2.287 58 63 104 nn 115 116 2.293-314 56 n 114 65 192 2.294 56 n 114 67-68 202 2.296 56 n 114 70 104; 104 n 115 2.300 56 n 114 72 104 nn 114 115 2.302 56 n 114 73 202 n113 2.327 45, 58 75 44 n 52 2.329 56 76 202 2.349 68 80-81 133 n 40 3.2 105 n 123 80-83 133 n 43 3.5 105 n 123 82-124 134 n 42 3.11 105 n 123 87 135 3.12 105 n 123 87-88 134 n 43 3.17 56 n 114 125 134 n 42; 134 n 43 3.18 56 163 44 n 52 3.21 227 174 44 n 52 3.22-23 68 175 40 3.34 68 177 246 3.47 105 n 123 178 220 n 59 3.47-52 56 n 115 201 134 nn 43 46; 3.50 105 n 123 136 n 58 3.50-51 105 n 123 216-18 85 n 23 3.53 56 n 115 3.59 105 n 123 De Fita Contemplativa 3.60 68 31 133 n 40 3.66 105 n 123 63 219 3.66-72 105 n 125 64 219 3.68 105 n 123 87 43 n 50; 184 n 33 3.70-71 105 n 123 3.79-80 200 6. Josephus 3.84 135 n 54; 137 Antìquitates Judicarum 3.85-87 137 1.5 139 3.86 56 n 114 1.15 124 n 3 3.89-93 137 1.18 124 n 3 3.93 136 1.18-19 138 3.93-94 136 1.34 138 3.98 105 n 123 1.81 138 3.99-101 137 1.95 124 n 3 3.102 105 n 123 1.240 124 n 3 3.180 124 n 3; 138; 2.210 68 230 n 100 2.233 106 3.188-91 68 2.268 105 n 123; 105 n 126 3.192 64 n 137 2.269 68 3.197 68 2.274 58; 71 3.204-206 68 2.275 58; 68 3.212 66; 75 2.279-80 58 3.222 66 2.284 58 3.222-23 137 n 64 3.266-68 138 n 65 Citation Index 343

3.280 138 4.312 117 n 180; 135 n 54; 3.298 227 138 3.307 68 4.317 33 n 5 3.310 68 4.318-19 137 3.315 68 4.320 45 3.317 137 n 61; 194; 223 4.322 124 n 3 3.319 137 n 61 4.323-26 276n 110 3.320 137 n 61; 138; 4.326 200; 211 192 n 75 4.327 105; 201 3.322 135 n 54; 138 4.329 45; 63 3.322-23 137 n 64 4.331 201 3.298 250 5.16 105 n 123 4.1 254-55 5.20 45 4.5 254 5.38 105 n 123 4.6 254 5.39 33 n 5; 45 4.8 255 5.39-40 250 4.9 105 n 123 5.40 45 4.10 254-55 5.69 45 4.11 104 n120 5.338-39 105 n 127 4.15-16 68 n 18 5.401 124 n 3 4.16 33 n 5; 105 n 127 6.10 104 n 118 4.19 68 n 18 6.54 85 n 25 4.22 105 n 127 6.56 85 n25 4.23 68 n 18 6.57 85 n 25 4.24 68 n 18 6.76 85 n 25 4.26-33 68 n 18 6.93 124 n 3 4.44-45 56 6.115 64 n 137; 77 4.46 68 n 18 6.165 85 n 25 4.58 68 n 18 6.166 85 n 25 4.66 68 n 18 13.228 105 4.76 105 n 123 13.265 105 n 123 4.82 105 n 123 13.299 78; 85 n 26; 87 4.83 68 13.301 104 n 119 4.85 105 n 123 13. 306 104 n 119 4.100 105 n 123 13.320 104 n 119 4.101 68 13.398 104 n 119 4.106 105 n 123 13.403 104 n 119 4.116 105 n123 13.405-407 104 n 119 4.122 105 n 123 13.409 104 n 119 4.146 105 n 127 14.41 105 n 127 4.159 105 n 123 17.285 105 n 127 4.165 45 18.85-87 57 n 117 4.193 135 n 54 19.172-84 105 n 127 4.193-94 137 20.97 281 n 117 4.194 68; 105 n 126 20.97-99 57 n 117 4.205 138 20.167 110 n 147 4.218 87 20.167-68 57 n 117 4.223-24 105 n 127 20.169-72 57 n 117 4.308 138 20.188 57 n 117 4.311 33 n 9; 45 344 Citation Index

Contra Api>onem Slavonic Additions (Appeal of the 1.37-39 45 n 69 Rabbis) 223 1.38-41 137 n 63 1.183-204 28 n 131 Vita (The Life) 1.250 67 36 106 n 128 2.43 28 n 131 40 106n 128 2.75 124 n3;138 424-25 57 n 117 2.145 124 n 3 2.154 124 n 3 7. Secular Authors 2.156 124 n 3; 138 n 67 Cicero 2.157-58 105 n 123 Pro Sestio 2.158 105 n123 30.66 40 n 36 2.158-59 105 n127 2.159 104 n116 Dionysius Halicarnassus 2.165 105 Antiquitates 2.167-74 138 n 65 1.77.2 200 n 109 2.168 211 n 11 2.56.2 200 n 109 2.186 124 n 3 2.194 105 Diodorus Siculus, 28 n 131 2.200-201 163 n 159 Bibliotheca Histórica 2.209 124 n 3 43 243 n 154 2.209-210 138 n 66 58 130 2.215 228 n 93 2.216-17 228 n 93 Epictetus 2.237 124 n 3 Discourses 2.257 135 n 54 2.9.21 179 n 13 2.262-72 228 n 93 2.272 228 n 93 Galen 2.278 228 n 93 On Hippocrates' Anatomy, 130 2.279 124 n 3 2.281 135 n 54;211n 11 Justus of Tiberias 2.284 40 Chronicle of the Jewish Kings, 106 2.290 124 n 3 2.292 228 n 93 Juvenal Satires Bellum Judaicum 14.100-104 130 1.68 78; 85 n 26; 87; 214 1.650 223 Hecataeus of Abdera 2.35 105 n 127 Aegyptiaca 130 2.143 228 5-6 242-43 2.145 228 2.152 229 Homer 2.258-60 57 n 117 Iliad 2.259 110 n 147 1.263 109 n 139 2.261-63 57 n 117 2.243 109 n 139 2.262 110 n 147 5.383-86 105 n 126 Horace 6.238-87 57 n 117 Odes 7.437-50 57 n 117 3.5.1-3 92 n 56 7.438 110 n 147 Citation Index 345

Livy Pseudo-Phocylides Ab Urbe Condita Sentences 1.16.1 200 n 109 107-108 188 n 53

Photius Stobaeus Bibliotheca 4.7.61 105 n 122 33.6b.23-7.a5 106 Strabo Pompeius Trogus Geography Historiae Philippicae 16.2.38-39 130 36,1.13 103 16.2.39 37; 128 36,1.16 103 Tacitus Porphyry Histories De Antro Nymph. 5.4-5 128 10 37 Virgil Pseudacro 103 Aeneid 1.233 40 n 36 Pseudo-Galen Ad Gaurum 8. Ecclesiastical Writers 11.1 44 n 61 Apostolic Constitutions 6.19 279 n 113 Pseudo-Philo 9, 26, 191 Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum Augustine 9.7 56; 191 Contra Faustum Manicaeum 9.8 50 n 91 13 209 n 3 9:10 56; 191; 211 n 14 9.13 211 n 14 Basil the Great 9.16 240 De Spiritu Sancto 11.3 68 14.31 209; 252 n 204 11.15 68 12.2 56 12.8-10 68 Stromateis 13.1 68 5.14.123.2 233 n 114 19.2 190 n 67; 203 6.132.2 189 n 60 19.3 69 19.5-6 190 n 67 Didaskalia 19.6 203 1.6 128 n 15 19.8 200 n 108; 202 2.5 128 n 15 19.10-15 43 6.16-17 128 n 15 19.11 56 6.18 128 n 15 19.12 190 n 67; 199 n 105; 6.19 128 n 15 202 19.16 190; 202; 204; 211 Eusebius of Caesarea 32.7 145 Historia Ecclesiastica 49.7 87 4.6.2 116 51.6 69 53.2 87 346 Citation Index

Praeparatio Evangelicae IQS (Rule of the Community) 8.5.11 163 n159 1.2-3 132 8.10.4 36 2.21 108 n 134 9.26.1 210 n 9 9.7-11 214 n 26 9.27.4 211 n 10 9.27.24 71 n 33 lQSb 9.27.27-36 55 n 112 5.20 115 13.12.5 233 5.21 115 13 13 50-51 233 n 111 5.22-28 115 13.13.53-54 233 n 111 5.24 115 5.27 115 Justin Martyr Dialogus cum Tryphone 4QEnc 4 195 n 88 4.10 203 n116 45 195 n 88 67 195 n 88 4Q374 (Moses Apocryphon A), 26 83 195n88 frag. 2, col. 2 232 85 195 n88 4Q377 frag. 1, recto, In Jesu Nave col. 2, lines 10-11 244 2.1 189 n 60 4Q400 (4QShirShabb°) Tertullian frag. 1 lines 1-20 238 Apologia frag. 1, 1.2 238 n 135 21 200 n 109 frag. 2 lines2-3 238 n 135 frag. 2 line 5 238 n 135 9. Qumran Texts 1QH 4Q400-405 (Songs of Sabbath 10.8 238 n 135 Sacrifice) 238 11.21 188 n 53 4Q401 (4QShirShabbb) l (¿¡Ia frag. 11 238 n 135 11.21-22 238 frag. 14 238 n 135

1QM 4Q543 (4QVisions ofAmram" ar) 3.3 115 n 170 frag. 1 lines 1-2 239, 240 3.15 115 n 170 frag. 2a-b lines 4-9 240, 241 3.16 115 n 170 c 5.1 115 n 170 4Q545 (4QVisions ofAmram ar) 11.1-8 117 frag, la, col. 1, lines 1-2 239 n 140 frag, la, col. 1, lines 7-19 239-40 1Q22 (lQWords of Moses) frag, la, col. 1, line 9 241 11-12 276 n 110 frag, la, col. 1, lines 9-10 242 lQpHab HQ5 (1 IQps") 8.2-3 278 21A 85 27.11 85 Citation Index 347

IlQMelch (11QÌ3) 84 n 18 Targum Neof. Exod. col. 2, lines 10-12 238 12:42 198 14:31 47; 238 CD (Damascus Document), 26 19:9 47 1.4 132 1.17 132 n 35 Frag. Targ. Exod. 1.17-18 132 n 35 14:31 (P) 238 2.2 132 n 35 15:18 (P) 198 3.1-4 132 n 35 19:9 (P, V) 47 3.4-7 132 n 35 2:12 (P) 47 3.11 132 3.13 132 Cairo Genizah Targum Exod. 4.9 132 14:31 248 5.1-2 115 5.8-9 131 Targ. Onq. Lev. 5.11 188 n 53 24:12 141 n 77 5.21-6.1 132 6.4-7 131 Targum Ps.-J. Lev. 6.7 140 22:27 141 n 78 7.3-4 188 n 53 24:12 141; 141 n 78 7.19-20 115 8.9 131 n 33; Frag. Targ. Lev. 8.14 131 n 34 22:27 (V) 141 n 78 8.18 132 24:12 (P,V) 141 13.1 108 n 134 24:12 (P) 141 n 78 15.8-9 132 15.12 132 Targum Onq. Num. 16.2 132 9:8 141 n 77 16.5 132 11:25 47 19.16 132 n 35 11:28 141 n 80 19.21-22 132 n 35 12:7 121n 200 19.22 131 15:34-35 141 n 77 19.26-27 131 21:5 227 n 87 21:7 227 n 87 10. Targums 27:5 141 n 77 Targum Ps.-J. Gen 14:7 141 n 78 Targum Ps.-J. Num. 27:29 140 n 75 2:10 141 n 78 3:3 141 n 80; 218 n 49 Targum Neof. Gen 9:8 141; 141 n 78 27:29 140 n 75 11:17 47 Targum Onq. Exod. 11:25 47 14:31 248 11:28 47; 141 n 80 15:34 141; 141 n 78 Targum Ps.-J. Exod. 21:5 227 n 87 6:16 117 n 178 21:7 227 n 87 6:27 47 n 78 26:11 141 n 78 14:31 47; 248 27:5 141; 141 n 78 33:16 47 348 Citation Index

Targum Neof. Num. 30:12 141 n 78 1 l:26(mg.) 47 32-33 47 11:28 47; 141 n 80 32:1 46 12:7 121 n 198 32:3 47 21:5 227 n 87 32:4 47 21:7 227 n 87 32:14 47 33:1 46; 47 Frag. Targ. Num. 33:5 82 9:8 (V) 141 33:7 47 11:26 (P) 47 33:8 47 11:26 (V) 47 n 78; 140 n 75 33:12 47 15:34 (V) 141 n 77 33:13 47 16:1 47 n 78 33:18 47 24:9 140 n 75 33:20 47 27:5 (V) 141 n 77 33:21 47; 131 n 30; 140 n 33:22 47 Targum Ps.-J. Lev. 33:23 47 24:12 47 n 78 33:24 47 34:6 200 Targum Onq. Deut. 4:13-14 126 Frag. Targ. Deut. 33:1 46 30:12 (P,V) 141 n 78 33:4 140 32:3 (P,V) 141 n 78 33:4-5 81 33:1 (V) 46 33:21 47 n 79; 131 n 30; 140 33:5 (V) 82 34:6 200 33:21 (P) 47 n 78 34:7 205 33:21 (P,V) 131 n 30; 140 n 75 34:6 (V) 200 Targum Ps.-J. Deut. 9:19 141 n 78 Cairo Genizah Targ. Deut. 28:15 47 n 78 33:5 (MS DD) 82 31:14 47 n 78 34:6 200 32:1 46 34:10 34 n 7 33:1 46 33:5 81 Targum Samuel 33:8 47 1 Sam. 12:6a 56 n 116 33:12 47 2 Sam. 7:11 121 33:13 47 33:18 47 Targum Isaiah 33:20 47 19:20 117 nn 177 178 33:21 131 n 30; 140 n 75 37:22 122 n 201 33:22 47 46:13 117 n 178 33:23 47 34:5 70 n 26; 82; Targum Lamentations 104 n 116; 140; 2:2 281 n 119 141 n 78 34:6 200 Targum Hosea 12:14 32 n 3 Targum Neof. Deut. 4:13-14 126 n 9 Citation Index 349

Targum Micah 2:8 146 n 105 6:4 141 n 78 3:15 146 n 105 5:19 218 n 49 Targum Psalms 62:12 140 Yadaim 68:19 145 n 100 4:3 146 n 107 90:1 46 4.8 144

Targum Canticles 12. Tosefta 1:1 145 Pesach 1:2 140 7:13 179 n 13 2:4 140 3:3 140 Sotah 4:5 281 n 119 4:8 200 7:3 281 n 119 6:2 184 n 33 13.2 61 n 131 Targum Chronicles 1 Chron. 7:14 120 n 190; 121 13. Babylonian Talmud 1 Chron. 17:10 121 Berakhot 2 Chron. 20:20 249 n 189 6b (bottom) 146 n 105 11. Mishnah 28b 195 n 88 32a 147 Peak 34b 60 n 125 2:6 146 n 107 Shabbat Shabbat 87a 144 n 91 18:3-19:4 160 n150 88b 145 nn 102 103; 19:5 160 n 150 146 n 108 89a 144 n 96;146 n 108 Pesach 101b 147 8:8 179 n 13; 180; 181 Pesahim Rosh ha-Shanah 66b 147 n 111 3.8 56 n 115;148 n 114 92a 179 n 13

Nedarim Yoma 3:11 159 n 150 4a 145 n 102; 146 n 108; 218 Sotah Sukkah 1:9 200 5a 197 n 98 5:4 184 n 33 39a 147 52b 110n 144 'Eduyoth 5:2 179 n 13 Besah 8:7 146 n107 38b 147 n 113

'Aboth Taanith 1 155 lib 70 n 26 1.1 141 350 Citation Index

Megillah Hvllin 18a 195 n 88 93a 147

Hagigah Gerim 14a 195 n 88 1:4 178 n 12

Yebamoth Aboth de Rabbi Nathan 46a 179 n 13 1.2 143 n 88 47a-b 178 n 12 2.3 143; 145 n 103; 62a 144 n 91 146 n 108 31.3(29a) 145 Nedarim 32a 222 n 70 14. Jerusalem Talmud 35b-36a 76 Berakoth 5a.l0-12 195 n 88 Sotah 9d 60 n 125 13b 145 n 100; 147 n 111; 148; 197 n 93 Peah 17a.58-60 146 n 107 Kiddushin 23b 76 Pesach 8.36b.31 179 n 13 Baba Qamma 60b 196 n 89 Yoma 1.38b.46-48 70 n 26 Baba Metzia 1.38b.76-1.38c.2 70 n 26 59b 196 90 86b 146 n 108 Taanith 68d.48-51 116 Sanhédrin 21b 147 Megillah 93b 85 70b.60 163 n158 99a 145; 146 n 107 74d. 12 50 n 91 Illa 145 n 103; 146 n 108 75c.4 147 Makkot Sotah 23b 145 24c.29-31 195 n 88

Avodah Zar ah Sanhédrin 146 3b 20c.48-50 164n 162 17b 196 n 91 3 Ob. 46-50 62 30c.47-48 62 Zebahim 101a 147 n 112 Avodah Zar ah 101b 70 n 26 42c. 42-44 195 n 88 102a 70 n 28; 107 Terumah Menahoth 46b. 54 196 n 90 29b 196 n 90 Citation Index 351

15. Midrash 30.4 144 n 97 Mekilta de-Rabbi ¡shmael 37.1 70 Shirata 1 144 n 97; 41.6 145 n102 250 42.8 48 1.87-90 on Exod. 15:1 184 n. 33 47.1 146 n 107 1.119 200 47.2 145 n 103 4.10-11 107 47.5 146 n 108 5.63-65 107 n 132 47.9 224 n 79 7.161-62 on Exod. 14:31 184 n 33 48.4(78c) 81 n 6 52.1(8 Id) 81 n 6 Mekilta de-Rabbi Simeon ben Jochai 73 Leviticus Rabbah 1.3 48 n 82 Sifra 11.6 70 nn 26 Behuqotai Pereq 8(end) 72 19.1 145 n 104 Shemini Mekilta deMiluim on Ps. 99:6 19.2(26a. 19-21) 164 n162 70 22.1 146 n 107 31.4(45c) 81 n 6 Sifre Numbers 32.2(46d) 81 n 6 Behuqotai Pereq 8 146 n 107 108 on 15:15 178 n 12 Numbers Rabbah 134 48 n 82 12.9 144 n 97 15.13(66b) 81 n 6; 97 Sifre Deuteronomy 48 on 11:22 146 n 105 Deuteronomy Rabbah 83 53 n 101 2(Vaethchanan).4 48 83-84 on 13:2-3 62 n 133 2.7 on 3:24 70 n 29 306 48 3.17 197 355 131 n 30 10.1 197 357 48 n 88; 106; 147; 11.3 205 n126 196 11.4 96 11.10 95 n 77; 203 n 126 Genesis Rabbah 1.1 on 1:1 146 n 105 Ecclesiastes Rabbah 6.5 145 n100 1.9 107 n 132 8.8 145 1.10 § 1 146 n 107 55.6 70 n 29 1:15 § 2 145 n 104 79.8 on 33:20 92 n 56 1.28 in 1:9 107 n 178; 281 n 119 93.7 154 n 134 4.1 § 1 225 n 80 4:3 § 1 145 n 104 Exodus Rabbah 5.8 §2 146n107 1.26 105;281 n119 2.2 110 n144 Ruth Rabbah 2.3 110 n144 5.6 281 n 119 2.6 70 nn 26 29 2.6(10c) 81 n 6 Lamentations Rabbah 3.17 70 n 27 1.1 § 4 154 n 132 28.1 146 n 108; 197 n 98 352 Citation Index

Canticles Rabbah Tanhuma Buber 1.2 §2 145 n 103 Exodus, Parashah 2.1 on 6:2-3 1.3 § 1 154 n 131 97 n 82 1:7 § 3 70 n 27 Exodus, Parashah 2.9 on 7:1 2.9 §3 281 n 119 231n103 5.11 § 1 145 n 104 Exodux, Parashah 4.21 on 16:4 5.11 § 3-4(31.11-18) 164 n 162 107 n 132 Exodus, Parashah 4.24(5) on 16:19-20 Midrash on Psalms 107 n 132 1.2 on 1:1 48 n 82; 81 n 6 Exodus, 5(Yitro).8 on 19:1, part 2 1.3 on 1:3 107 162 n158 1 § 16 144 n 99 Exodus, 9.17 on 34:27, part 1 18.22 on 18:27 70 n 28 146 n107 21.2 on 21:2 80; 96 Exodus, Parashah 10.5 on 35:30 30. §4 144 n 98 107 72:6 145 n 104 77.3 on 77:12 110 n 144 Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer 78.1 162 n 158 3 145 n 104; 146 n 105; 78.17 on 78:52 110 n 144 213 n 20; 283 78.21 109 n 139 90.1 96 16. Samaritan Literature 90.4 on 90:1 48 n 86 Memar Marqah 90.5 236 n 122 1.9 46 90 12 145 n 104 2.9 72 93.3 145 n 104 4.6 245 99.4 on 99:6 70 nn 26 28 4.6.14-16 69 6.9 46 Midrash Tannaim 213 48 n 82; 81 n 6 17. Piyyut 18.11 on 18:7 48 Ezel Moshe 148, 170 224 on 34:5 197 onExod. 14:30 72

Pesiqta de-Rab Kahana 18. Jewish Liturgy 1.7 107; 154 Passover Haggadah 73 4.5 70 nn 26 28 5 50 n 91; 146 n 105 19. Papyri and Manuscripts 32 (Buber 198b) 96 Appendix 1 on Berlin Stadtmuseum P 8498 Deut. 33:1 96; 236 n 122 73 n 38

Pesiqta Rabbati BL Or 12375c (1907?), line 6 4.2 48; 197 n 96 89 n 44 4.3 48 5.2 144 n 97 Egerton Papyrus no. 2 14.11 70 n 28 225 n 83

Petirat Moshe 205 MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 1 (1510/1511) line 15 245 n 172 Citation Index 353

MS Firkovitch Sam. X, MS Girton College (1905) line 8 141 n 81 line 12 248 n 184

MS Firkovitch Sam. X, 11 (1970) MS Paris 710, fol. 123r-124r line 10 40 n 38 205 n 127

MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 39 (1751) MS Sassoon 725 (1848) 40 n 38 line 9 141 n 81

MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 48 (1775) MS Sassoon 725 (1848) line 9 213 n 20 line 10 213 n 20

MS Firkovitch, Sam, X, 58 (1794-95) Murabb'ât Papyri Doc. 24 line 8 245 n 172 116 n 173

MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 61 Oxford Bodleian MS Heb. c. 74v line 6 141 n 81 72 n 37

MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 71 (1829) Oxford Bodleian MS Heb. e. 25 line 8 248 n 182 folio 63v and 64r 72 n 37

MS Firkovitch, Sam. X, 72, (1829) Ox. MS 2701/9 folios 63-64 line 7 40 n 38 72 n 37 line 8 248 n 182 line 10 248 n 182 P. Yadin 42 116 n 173

MS Firkovitch, Sam., X 91 (1835) P. Yadin 54 116 n 173 line 5 248 n 183 Author Index

Aalen S 93 n 65; 94 n 66; 120; 121-22; BestE 187 163 n 159 BetzHD 168 n 180 Aberbach M 32 n 3; 249 n 189 Billerbeck P 162 n 158; 179 nn 13, 14; Aitken JK 155 n 138 180 n 19; 218 n 49; 246 Alexander P 95 nn 75, 76; 112 n 157; Black M 203 n 116 300 Blackman P 180 n 20; 305 Allen EL 74 n 44; 260-61 Blau L 144 n 95 Allison DC Jr 17; 85 n 27; 108 n 134; Bloch R 27; 143 n 88; 271 n 87; 151 n 122; 153 n 128; 155; 267; 280 n 115 270; 274 Bock DL 272-73; 279; 54 n 104; Amir Y 136 n 59; 145 n 101; 209 n 3 55 n 108; 89-90; 117 n 180; Anderson H 118; 183 229 n 97; 259 n 5; 264 n 40; 267- Anderson PN 52 n 98; 61 69; 270 Aune DE 92 n 55; 188 n 53; 189 n 59 Boismard ME 220; 262 n 27; 266-67 Avi-Yonah M 216 n 43 Borgen P 281 n 118 Bovon F 16; 151 n 122; 222-23 Badke WB 207 Bowman J 8 n 13; 69 nn 24, 25; Bammel E 53; 60; 77 n 59; 109 n 136; 237 nn 128, 129, 130, 133; 111; 113; 214 n 23 250 n 196; 251; 303 Bandstra A 182 n 25 Brady M 245 n 168; 301 Banks R 280 n 116 Braude WG 306 Barclay JMG22; 129 n 20; 210 n 4; Braumann G 175 n 1; 186 211 Braun M 24 Bar-Kochva B 28-29 Brown RE 109 n 139 Barrett CK 13; 14; 15; 51 nn 94, 95; Buber S 96 n 78; 236 n 122; 305; 306 112 n 157; 116 n 176; 117 n 177; Buchsel F 117 n 178 118 n 182; 160 n 152; 162 n 155; Buhner JA 71; 72 n 36; 73 168 n 181; 169 n 183; 175 n 1; Bultmann R 52 n 98; 257; 274 176 n 4; 177 n 6; 183-84; 186; 187; Burkitt FC 259 188; 217; 226 n 84; 253 n 209; 256; 309 Camponovo O 81; 82 n 13; 82 n 15; Barton J 52 n 98 83 n 16; 114 n 162 Bauckham R23; 31; 37 n 20; 92 nn 57, Carson DA 127 n 12 58; 93; 97-99; 100; 102; 231-32; Casey PM 198 n 102; 210 n 6; 259; 246 260 n 10 Beasley-Murray GR 176 n 4; 185 n 37; Cazelles H 33 n 5 186 Chadwick H 231 n 104 Beckwith R 61 n 131; 84 n 19 Charles RH 203 n 118; 296; 299 Bell HI 225 n 83; 297 Charlesworth JH 118 n 183 Bentzen A 84 n 18; 93 n 65 Clarke EG 46 n 76; 298 Berger K 84 n 22; 87; 274 n 102; Cohen A 306 276 nn 108, 110 Cohen SJD 178 n 12; 179 n 13; 180- Bernard JH 160 n 151 182 Bertholet A 52 n 98 Collange JF 167 n 177 Author Index 355

Collins AY 36 n 17; 92 n 58; 302 Fabry HJ 33 n 5 Collins JJ 5 n 2; 91 n 52; 102 n 107; Fallon F 302 103 n 109; 300; 302 Fee GD 162 n 157; 175 n 1; 176 n 4; Collins JN 171-172 177 n 7; 182 n 28; 186 n 44; Connolly RH 305 207 n 131 Cowley AE 245 n 171 Feldman LH 25 n 111; 303 Craigie PC 80 n 4 Field F 296 Cranfield CEB 152 Finkelstein L 307 Cullmann O 54 n 105; 259; 263; Fitzmyer JA 185 n 38 271 n 89; 272 nn 91, 92 Fleming J 203 n 118; 300 Fletcher-Louis CHT 26; 203 n 117; Danby H 180 n 20; 306 211 n 10; 232 n 109; 233; D'Angelo MR 16; 56 n 116; 76; 235 n 117; 238 n 138; 242 n 152; 120 n 192; 121-122 244-245; 260 Davies WD 32 n 1; 52 n 97; 119 n 184; Fossum JE 46; 71; 72 n 35; 36; 73; 1153 n 128; 155; 169 nn 184, 186; 75 nn 50, 51; 196 n 92; 237 n 127; 177 n 9; 186 n 40 238 n 136; 245 nn 169, 173; Davila JR 278 251 n 203; 274 n 100 Day J 127 n 13 Franke P 276 n 129 De Jonge M 5 n 2; 111 n 154; 258; 259 Fräser PM 23; 106 n 129 De Lagarde PA 305 Fredriksen P 258 Delling G 113 n 159 Freedman H 306 Démann P 12; 169 n 185; 176 n 4 Freudenthal J 22 Denis AM 5 n 2 Freund RA 114 n 165 Descamps A 11 Friedlander G 307 Dexinger F 46 n 75; 88 nn 37, 38, 40, Friedrich G 117 n 180 41; 89 nn 42, 43 Fuller RH 264; 273 n 96 Diez Macho A 298 Furnish VP 167 n 177; 168 n 182 Diez Merino L 299 Dindorf W 305 Gager JG 24 n 104; 27; 28; 37 n 23; Dogniez C 114 n 162; 200 n 110 38; 44 n 61; 67 nn 6-9; 117 n 179; Drazin I 47 n 81; 140 n 76; 145 n 100; 124 n 1; 130; 135 n 57; 207 n 129 227 n 87; 249 nn 189, 190; 297 GaisfordT 233 n 114 Du Mesnil du Buisson 215 n 39; Garcia Martinez F 239 nn 140, 141, 216 n 42 142; 240 nn 143, 144, 145; 241- Dunn JDG 92 n 55; 93 n 65; 176 n 4; 242; 301 185 nn 37, 38; 186 n 44; 213 nn 20, Gardner-Smith P 112 n 157 21; 228 n 92; 231; 262; 271 n 88; Gavin F 179 n 14 281 n 120 Geffcken J 103 n 109; 300 Dutripon FP 295 Gelin A 32 n 2 Georgi D 168 n 182 Ellis EE 177 nn 7, 9; 178 n 10 Gieschen CA 91 n 52; 99-100; 231; Ellis PF 247 n 181 246 Ellison HL 66 n 2 Ginsburger M 298 Emerton JA 93 n 65; 237 n 134; 238 Glasson TF 15; 57 n 118; 88 n 36; Enns P 35 n 12 110 n 144; 145 nn 100, 104; Epstein I 306 148 n 114 Etheridge JW 81 n 8; 297; 298 Goldin J 73 n 40; 126 n 8 Evans CF 259; 260 Goodenough ER 6 n 3; 24; 25; 78 n 60; 84 n 19; 92 n 55; 93 n 65; 94 n 67; 356 Author Index

104 nn 114-116; 105 nn 122, 124; Hopkins C 215 n 39; 216 n 42 109; 109 n 38; 117; 118 n 181; 177; Horbury W 39 n 33; 53 n 102; 66 n 34; 193; 194 n 81; 202 n 115; 207; 77 n 57; 90 n 48; 92 n 127; 214 n 23; 216; 219; 220 n 61; 114 nn 161, 162; 114 n 171; 243 n 155; 270; 277 116 n 176; 184 n 33, 242 n 152; Goodman M 179 n 13 246 n 175; 276 n 109; 280 n 115; Grabbe LL 80 n 18 282 nn 122, 123; 284 n 129; Gray R 57 nn 117, 118; 58-59; 287 n 138 60 n 126; 61 n 131; 266 n 62 Horsley RA 61 n 131; 77 n 59; Green EMB 199 n 104 207 n 129 Grossfeld B 249 n 189; 297 Hurtado LW 91 n 51; 94; 95 n 72; Gruen ES 23; 37; 91 n 49; 94 n 67; 101 nn 100, 101; 108 n 134; 109; 211 n 13 214 n 27; 243 n 156; 244 n 164 Grundmann W 64 n 137 Gundry RH 108 nn 133, 134 Instone-Brewer D 144 nn 93, 94 Gutbrod W 164 n 161 Issac E 300 Gutmann J 215 n 39 Israelstam J 306

Habel N 33 n 4; 52 n 99 Jacobs J 147 nn 112, 113; 148 n 114 Hadas M 129 Jacobson H 50 n 91; 90 n 48; 92 n 59; Haenchen E 51 n 95; 55 n 109; 94 nn 67, 71; 95; 101; 191 n 69; 111 n 152; 280 n 115 302 Hafemann SJ 26; 33 n 4; 117 n 178; Jastrow M 295 127 n 12; 129; 143 n 88; 148 n 114; Jepsen A 34; 52 n 98 168 n 182 Jeremias G 131 n 31; 280 n 116 Hahn F 52 n 98; 53 nn 102, 103; Jeremais J 10; 11; 27; 109 n 137; 59 n 123; 261-262; 280 nn 115, 116 117 n 178; 177; 178 n 11; 179 n 14; Hamerton-Kelly RG 284 nn 127, 128, 182; 183; 184; 194; 199; 215; 225; 129 280 n 115 Hammer R 106 n 130; 306 Jeske RL 175 nn 1, 3; 177 n 7; Hanson JS 61 n 131 187 n 46 HarlM 114 n 162; 200 n 110 Johnson LT 228 n 92; 254 n 211; Harrington DJ 191 n 69; 302 281 n 120 Harris MJ 185 n 35 Johnston ED 112 n 157 Harstine S 17; 18; 224; 247 n 181 Jones PR 74; 273 Hatch E 113 n 159; 295 Hayes CE 8 n 12 Kastner JM 9 n 15; 18-20; 27; 48 n 89; Haykin MA 252 n 204 50 nn 92, 93; 51 n 94; 52 n 96; Hays RB 176 n 4 56 n 116; 57 n 118; 74; 85 n 28; Hengel M 9; 57 n 51; 92 n 59; 93 n 65; 108 n 134; 109; 110 n 143; 95 nn 74, 75, 76, 77; 284-285 143 n 90; 149; 150 n 119; Hering J 176 n 4 151 nn 121, 122; 152; 155 n 139; Hickling CJA 175 n 1 156 n 140; 158 n 146; 166 n 174; Hoffmann D 307 168 n 180; 176 n 4; 195 nn 86-87; Holladay CR 23; 36 n 18; 37; 37 n 21; 196 n 92; 197 nn 96, 97; 90 nn 49, 50; 101 n 97; 106 n 128; 198 nn 100, 102; 199 n 106; 233 nn 111, 112, 113, 114; 205 n 124; 209 n 3; 210 n 8; 234 n 116; 235; 302; 303 226 n 85; 23 n 207; 260 n 16; 264- Hooker MD 52 n 98; 58 n 119; 59; 266; 275 n 103 60 n 126; 61 nn 127, 131; 162; 172 Kee HC 301 Author Index 357

Kistemaker MI 34 n 7; 72; 198 n 103 Meecham HG 301 Klein ML 34 n 7; 299; 307 Meeks WA 6 n 3; 11; 13; 20-21; 25; Klijn AFJ 299 45 n 70; 54 n 106; 80 n 3; 81 n 6; Knibb MA 43 n 49; 203 n 118; 300; 82; 85 n 26; 86-87; 94 nn 67, 69, 301 70, 71; 96-97; 100 n 94; 101 n 98; Knox WL 25 n 110; 117 n 180; 102 n 105; 104 nn 115, 117, 121; 193 n 77; 197 n 98; 211 n 13; 105 n 123; 111-112; 115; 137 n 62; 211 n 13; 242 n 153; 243 n 155; 143 n 88; 175 nn 1, 2; 190 n 63; 245 n 174; 246 n 176 194 n 81; 217 n 45; 220; 224; Koester CR 64 nn 48, 49; 203 n 118 230 n 98; 236-237; 250-251; Kraft RA 301 258 n 2; 269-70; 273; 278; Küchler M 163 n 159 287 n 139; 288 n 140 Kümmel WG 112 n 157 Menzies A 170 Merkel H 276 n 106 Lafargue M 234 n 115; 235; 303 MeshorerY 116 n 173 LaGrange MJ 160 n 151 Metzger BM 183 nn 28, 29; 214 n 26; Lake K 304 296; 300 Lane WL 74 nn 43, 49; 76 Milgrom J 66 n 2 Lauterbach JZ 305 Milik JT 203 n 116 Lawlor HJ 304 Montofiore H 109; 110 n 147 Lebram JCH 87 Montgomery JA 69 n 25; 88 nn 37, 39, Lehrman SM 306 41; 142 nn 83, 84; 213 n 20; Levine E 146 n 107 237 nn 128, 129 LevertoffPP 178 n 12; 307 Moore GF 178 n 12; 179 n 14 Lewis C 41 Morray-Jones CRA 91 n 51; 243-244; Liddell HG 219 n 50; 295 245 n 106 Liebermann S 306 Morris L 112 n 157 Lietzmann H 175 n 1; 183 Mowinckel S 93 n 65; 109 n 137 Lindars B 112 n 157; 160 n 152 Murphey FJ 190; 191 nn 68, 70 Loewenstamm SE 226; 248 Longenecker RN 182 n 25; 262-263; Neusner J 216 n 42; 305; 306 280 n 115; 281 n 120 Newport KGC 154 n 129 Nickelsburg GWE 5 n 2; 190 n 66 MacDonald J 66 n 5; 69; 75 n 51; NiehrH 115 n 170 89 n 45; 142 n 87; 213 n 20; Nixon RE 117 n 9 237 nn 131, 132; 251; 303 Magder Sh 298 Oepke A 50 n 93; 179; 180 n 19; Magder Su 46 n 76; 298 181 n 22; 182 n 25; 185 n 37 Mäher M 25; 298 Oesterley WOE 34 n 14 Mandelbaum B 50 n 91; 96 n 78; 306 Ostmeyer KH 183 n 26 MänekJ 261-262 Oulton JEL 305 Manson W 118 n 182 Marcovich M 305 Pamment M 212 n 17 Marcus J 108 nn 133, 134; 110 Pelletier A 301 Marcus R 134 n 48; 232 n 106; 303 Pérez Fernández M 47 n 78; 280 n 115; Martin F 203 n 118; 300 281 n 119; 307 Martin RP 168 n 182 Plummer A 176 n 4 Mastin BA 160 n 151 Plummer R 40 n 38; 89 n 44; 141 n 81; Matera FJ 258 n 1 142 n 86; 213 n 20; 245 n 172; McNamara M 82 n 10; 298 248 nn 182, 183, 184; 304 358 Author Index

Polzin R 126 SchurerE 5 n 1; 106 n 128; 130; Porter JR 79, 80 n 5 179 n 14; 180 n 19 Powys D 6 n 4 Scott R 219 n 50 Priest J 213 n 21; 299 Segal AF 9 n 14; 307 Pritchard JB 109 n 137; 301 Sheehan JFX 109 n 137 Puech E 239 nn 140, 141; 240-243; Short C 41 301 Shutt RJH 302 Purintim AE 300 Siegert F 136 n 59; 143 n 89 Simian-Yofre H 80 n 2 Quast U 297 Simon Mar 238 n 139 Quesnel M 166 n 172 Simon Mau 306 Skeat TC 225 n 83; 297 Rabbinowitz J 306 Slotki JJ 306 Rabinowitz L 306 Smedes LB 187 n 45 Radermacher L 203 n 118; 300 Smend R 35 nn 11, 13; 53 n 101; 296 Redpath HA 113 n 159; 295 Smith DM 166 n 174 Rendtorff R 33 n 5 Smolar L 32 n 3 Rengstorf KH 60 n 124; 61 n 128; Sokoloff M 72 n 37; 73 n 38; 296; 307 65 n 1; 71 n 32; 74 n 43; 77 nn 57, Sperber A 297; 299 58; 295 Spilsbury P 25; 45 n 68; 68 n 19; Renovl 154 n 135 104 nn 117, 121; 105 n 123; 136- Ribera J 47; 140; 141 nn 78, 79 137; 210; 230 n 100; 253 n 206; Richter W 33 n 4; 52 n 99 254-255 Ringgren H 176 n 4 St. John Parry P 176 n 4 Robertson RG 302 Stadelmann H 35 n 14 Robinson J AT 113 Stahlin G 116 n 176 Rofe A 114; 115 Stahlin O 305 Rost L 295 Stenning JF 299 Rostovtzeff 14 n 46 Stern M 28-29; 37 n 24; 38 n 26; Roth C 154 n 135; 155 n 136 67 n 10; 103 nn 111-113; 130 n 28; Rowland C 195 n 85 243 n 154; 304 Rowley HH 179 nn 13, 14 Stern S 222 nn 70, 71 Rudolph K 180 Stewart RA 143 n 90 RuniaDT 231 nn 102, 103 Stone ME 229 n 94 Strachan RH 169 n 187 SahlinH 177 n 9 Strack HL 162 n 158; 179 n 13; Sanders JN 160 n 151 218 n 49; 246 n 177 Savage TB 28 n 128; 212 SukenikEL 154 Schäfer P 197 n 94; 198 n 101; 200 n 109; 203 n 127; 206 n 128 Tal A 40 n 38; 89 n 44; 141 n 81; Schiffman LH 179-181 213 n 20; 245 n 172; 248 nn 182- Schille G 117 n 178 184; 304 Schmithals W 77 n 57 Taylor V 259; 282 n 122 Schnackenburg R 85 n 27; 111 n 154; Tcherikover V 211 n 13 176 n 4; 185 nn 36, 37; 186 n 41; Teeple HM 12; 194 n 81; 263-264; 187; 224 n 80; 225; 247 n 180; 263 270; 280 n 115; 281 n 119 Schreiber S 273 n 96 Thackeray HStJ 105 n 127; 139 n 68; Schulz S 168 n 182 296; 303 Schur N 7 nn 5, 8, 9, 11 Thoma C 105 n 127; 242 n 152 Author Index 359

Thrall ME 166 n 173; 167-171 von Haacker K 197 n 94; 198 n 101; Tiede DL 38 n 27; 41; 53 n 103; 189; 200 n 109; 205 n 127; 206 n 128 190n 62; 213 n21 Tigay JH 81 n 6 Walzer R 130 n 29 Tigchelaar EH 239 nn 140-142; Weber R 42 nn 46, 47; 296 240 nn 143-145; 241-242; 301 Weiss B 160 n 151 Townsend JT 145 n 104; 306 Weiss IH 307 Tromp J 5 n 2; 38 n 28; 29 nn 30-32, Wevers JW 82 n 14; 227 n 87; 296 34; 41; 43; 71 n 34; 124 n 4; Widengren G 71 n 14; 73 n 39 139 nn 69, 70; 188-189; 190 nn 63- Wieder N 26; 131; 280 n 116; 64; 213 n 21; 299 281n 119 Wikgren A 183 n 28; 303 UllendorffE 203 n 118; 300 Williamson HGM 127 n 12 Urbach EE 209 n 3 Windisch H 168 n 182 Wintermute OS 301 Valkenaer LC 233 n 114 Wolfson HA 45; 68 n 16; 214 nn 23, 25 Van der Horst PW 23; 91; 94 n 68; 306 Vanderkam J 245 n 168; 301 Yadin Y 116 nn 173, 174; 301 Van de Water R 90 n 48 Yahalom J 72 n 37; 73 n 38; 307 Vanhoozer KJ 126 n 8 Vermes G 23; 25; 26; 54 n 107; Ziegler J 296 63 n 134; 84 n 18; 129 n 18; 131; Zuckermandel MS 305 263; 271 n 89; 280 n 115 Zuntz G 183 nn 28, 30 Volz P 195 n 88; 196 n 91; 197 nn 95, 99; 198 n 100 Subject Index

Aaron 66-67, 68, 76, 103, 107, 148, 230, -priority of 179-80 231, 241, 272, 273 -meaning of 185-87 -as angel 239, 242 -proselyte, Jewish 178-85, 207, 277 -exalted as divine being 242-43 purpose of 180-82, 185 Abraham 218 n 49, 222, 233 -resulting in inspiration 184 Adam as angel 243 Bar Kokhba 116-17, 214 n 26 Agrippa II 106 Basil the Great 252 Ahab 108 Beth Midrash 155 Amram 69, 137, 239, 240, 241 Bezalel 191 Angels Bills of Marriage and Divorce -Aaron as 242-43 -Jewish 144, 150 -Adam as 243 -Samaritan 69, 89, 245, 247-48 -as gods 237-38 -utility for NT study 69, 144 -as mediators of the Law 168, 171 Blasphemy of Moses 157-58, 226-29, 247, -men as 238-44 253-54 -Moses as 240, 244-46 -worshipping with men 238 Cairo Genizah 72, 82 apostolus 71 Chorazin 153 Apostasy from Moses 157, 253-56 Christ Apostleship -activity after death 284-85 -of Paul -as lawgiver 275-76, 282 -compared with ministry of Moses 168- -as living being 186 72 -as prophet 259, 264 -defended 168-72 -as second Moses 260, 275-76, 281-82 -signs of 61-62 -as spirit 186, 277 Aqiba 116, 214 n 26 -baptism into 185-87, 277, 286 Aquila 114, 147 -pre-existence of 283-84 Aristobulus 23, 24, 36, 129, 233 -session of 285-86 Artapanus 15, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 55, 210, Christology 10, 13, 21, 258-88 211, 214, 233 n 111, 292 -angel 260 Assumption of Moses 259 -by titles 259 Authority -Davidic 267-69 -personal 125-26, 128, 142, 149-58 -accomodating Mosaic Christology -derived 159, 161 267-69 -Johannine 265 Baptism -Lukan 260, 261-62, 265, 267-69, 271-72 -into Christ -Matthean 65, 267 -meaning of 185-86 -Moses 31, 73-76, 110, 121, 196, 208, -priority of 180-81, 277 225, 258-70, 274, 279-88, 292-93 -into Moses 175-208, 277 -as earliest Christology 260-61, 264 -meaning of 186-87 -as prophet Christology 219, 261-70 -Jewish 180-82 -study of Moses as adjunct to 9, 31, 270-71 -biblical basis for 182-84 -influencing portrayal of Moses 13-14, 15, -mode of 183-84 16, 76, 218 Subject Index 361

-omitting Moses 258-59, 264 Deliverance -priestly 272-73 -Divine 119, 229-30 -prophet 259, 261-70, 271-72 -Mosaic 117-118, 229-30 -as Moses Christology 268 Delos 153 -redeemer 267 Demetrius the Chronographer 106 n 129 -royal 267, 270, 274 Deuteronomy 164 -servant 261, 267-69 -as distinctly Mosaic law 125-27, 128, Chronicle of Moses 25 131, 165-66, 172 Cicero 40 n 36 -as distinctly prophetic law 166 Circumcision Diana 227 -as commandment of Moses 159-61 Diodorus Siculus 130 -as custom of Moses 157-58, 221 Diotogenes 104 -as emblem of Judaism 157, 221-22, 253- Disciples 54 -of Aaron 218 n 49 -of proselytes 178 -of Abraham 218 n 49 Constitution of Israel -of Jesus 217-18 -in Acts 253-56 -of Moses 217-20 -in Josephus 138, 254-55 Divine kingship 91-92, 93-94, 96-97, 102 -in Philo 135 Divinity, Divinization Covenant 221, 132 n 35 -criteria for 97-100, 231-32 -of Moses 132, 167, 171-72 -of men 97-100, 238-44, 245-46 -New 132, 170 -of Moses 23, 92-93, 91-102, 193, 217, Customs 229-47 -of Moses 157-58, 221-22, 253-54 -in Orphic literature 233-36 -in Philo 230-32 David 85, 109, 116, 120-21, 282 -in Qumran literature 232-33 -as prophet 85 -in rabbinic literature 236 -as "prince" 109, 113-14, 116 -in Samaritan literature 236-37 -as shepherd 108-110 Dura-Europos murals 14-15, 177, 215-17, Death of Moses 189, 200-206, 284-85, see 257 also Moses, grave of -activity after 189-90, 191, 193-94, 195, Ecclesiology 206, 284-85 -Christian 278, 282 -as never happening 196-99, 201 -deriving from Jewish 282, 286, 293 -assumption at 189, 193, 195-99, 201 -Jewish 9, 255, 278, 282, 290 -burial at 179, 190-91, 200, 201, 202, 203- -as source for Christian ecclesiology 9 205, 206 -Mosaic 286-87 -glorious 199-205, 206, 211-12 -uniting leader with followers 282 -in Assumption of Moses 204-205 Eleazar 68, 200, 214 n 26, 276 n 110 -in Josephus 200-201 Elijah 53, 282 -in Masoretic text 200, 205 -as present help to Israel 196 -in Philo 202-202 -at Transfiguration 195-96, 198 -in Pseudo-Philo 190-91, 203-204 -christology 259, 263 -in rabbinic literature 205, 210 -paired with Moses 196, 197, 198, 204, -in Septuagint 200-201, 205 212 -in Similitudes of Enoch 202-203 -return 197-98, 259 -in Targums 200, 205 -with Moses 197 -transfiguration at 190-91, 201, 203, 204, Emmaus 156 230 End Time as Moses Time 18, 198 -prophecy at 38, 43, 201, 203, 204, 206 362 Subject Index

Enoch James 222, 253 -ascent of 95, 101 Jeremiah 86, 194, 220 n 61 -paired with Elijah 197 Jerome 42 -transformation into angel 95, 243 Jerusalem 212 Eschatological Prophet 12-13, 15, 20, 54, Jesus 20, 149-50, 152, 154, 158, 159, 161, 60, 85-86, 88-90, 111 195, 204, 227, 286 -Jewish expectation of 13, 111 -as apostle 73-74, 272-73 Essenes -as king 109, 274 -as disciples of Moses 219-20 -as Mosaic king 110, 111-13, 267, 274 -loyalty to Moses 228-29 -as Mosaic prophet 262-63, 271-72 Eupolemos 210 -as priest 73, 74, 118, 272-73 Eusebius 116 -disciples of 217-218 Eustathius of Sebaste 252 -Moses' prediction of 49 Exodus 15, 22, 54, 55, 58-59, 68-69, 102- -portrayal influenced by Moses traditions 103, 108, 110, 117, 182, 199, 215, 217, 74-75, 259-70, 279-88 280, 286 -as prophet-king 267 -connected with baptism 177, 182-84 -sent from God 74, 269 -connected with Lord's Supper 177 -signs of 59-61, 266, 269 -connected with proselytism 182-85 Jewish -New 57 n 118, 107-108, 198-99, 204, -apologetics 38, 210-212 212, 260, 261-62, 268, 280, 286 -bills of marriage and divorce 144, 150 Ezekiel Tragicus 23, 26, 86, 90-91, 233 -conversion ceremony 178-82 Ezel Moshe 72, 148, 170 -disciples of Abraham 218 n 49 Ezra 147 -disciples of Moses 217-20 -ecclesiology 9, 255, 278 Galen 130 -esteem of multiple offices 78, 85, 87, 118, Greco-Roman Writers 213-14 -dependence on Jewish traditions 28-29, -faith in Moses 159, 220, 247-53, 256-57 37-38, 84, 130 -in Christian thought 252 -in Josephus 250 Hammath by Tiberias 153 -in Old Testament 248 Hecataeus of Abdera 28-29, 130, 242 -in LXX 249-50 -influence on other ethnographers 28-29 -in rabbinic literature 250 Heracles 216 -in Samaritan literature 250-52 Herod 109 -in Targums 248-49 Hillel, 147 -hope in Moses 159, 224-25 -school of 179-82, 183 -literature "House" (of God) -links with Hellenistic culture 10-11, -as kingdom of God 120-22 39, 52 n 98, 84, 96, 104-105, 129, -as Temple 120-22 205-206 -as domain of priest-king 119-22 -monotheism 91-92, 93, 97-99, 232, 277- 78 Isaiah 48, 52 n 98 -origins of New Testament 259-60, 279- Israel 70, 103, 147, 153, 222, 270, 278, 88, 290 286, 291 -people -as flock 108, 110, 111 -accused by Moses 224-25 -as kingdom 113 -constutition of 15, 135, 137, 138, 209- -as stars 101 10, 221-22, 243, 293 -God as king of 97 -defended by Moses 224 -Moses as king of 97, 103 -defined by Lawkeeping 209-210 Subject Index 363

-dual loyalty of 150-51, 248-53 King(s) -in mystic communion with Moses 30, -as deliverers in Jewish thought 117-18, 176, 186-87, 196 229-30 -Philo's view of 209-210 -as divine beings 91-92, 93-94, 96-97, 102 -proselyte baptism 178-85, 207, 277 -as priests 118-19, 120-22 -antiquity of 178-82, 277 -as "princes" 109, 113-17 -purpose of 180-82, 185 -as shepherds 109-110 -proselytism 178 -eschatological 85, 86, 273, 274, 282 -self-identity 25, 218, 221-22, 228-29, -Moses as, before Herodian period 84, 86, 253-54, 277-78, 286-87 90 -thought -succession of, beginning with Moses 86- -Graeco-Roman influence on 52 n 98, 87, 90, 274 96, 104-105, 129, 135, 205-206 Kingdom of God 120-22 -influence on Graeco-Roman thought Kingship 109 -Davidic 113-14, 273, 282 -unity in Moses 176, 219-20, 277-78, 282, -divine, of Moses 102 290, 293 -Graeco-Roman ideals of 84-85, 92, 93-94, Jochabad 137, 240 102, 104-105, 109, 117 Johanan ben Zakkai 147, 197 -Jewish ideals of 84-85, 92-94, 109-110, John the Baptist 179, 265 114-16 John Hyrcanus 78, 85, 87, 214 -linked with office of priest 77-78, 118, -as prophet-priest-king 78, 85, 87, 118 119, 120-22 Joseph as king 266 -linked with office of prophet 77-78, 84-90 Josephus 25, 28 n 131; 45 -linked with "sentness" 79 -defining Jewish people 210, 223 -of God 80, 81, 82 -on constitution of Israel 254-55 -of Moses, 21, 79-123 -on Law 136-39 Korah, rebellion of 68 -on superiority of theocracy to monarchy 104-106 Lactantius Placidus 67 Joshua 200, 204-205 Law(, of Moses), see also Mount Sinai and -as prophet 34, 263 Lawgiving -as successor to Moses 34, 263 -as bipartite 125-28, 136-37, 142, 149-53 Judaism -as customs of Moses 158, 253-54 -as Mystery religion 24-25, 207, 219-20 -as ideal politeia 135, 149, 209-210 -binary loyalty of 150-51, 248-53, 277-78, -as Israel's constitution 137 287, 291 -as legislation 132-36, 143-44, 157-58 -centered on Law 209-210 -as prophecy 50, 63, 66, 128, 131-32, 143- -centered on Moses 215-16, 219-20, 247- 48, 166, 168-72 53, 256, 277-78, 287-88 -based on authority of Moses and God 125- -circumcision as emblem of 157, 221-22 27, 128, 132-33, 136, 142, 149-50, see also Circumcision 151, 224 -of Herodian period 9, 34, 66-67, 139, -based on personal aims of Moses 129, 148, 211, 283 133-36, 138-39, 142, 149-53, 157-58, -Second Temple 18, 22, 34, 41, 92-94, 97- 160 98, 148, 209-211, 214 n 27, 215, 224, -bearing independent authority 165 237, 251, 265, 270, 271, 273-74, 292 -divine origin of -study of, in New Testament 9 -in John 161 -study of, in non-Jewish writings 27-29, 84 -in rabbinic Judaism 143, 144-46 Justus of Tiberias 106 -in Samaritanism 142 Juvenal 130 -in Second Temple Judaism 151 364 Subject Index

-extended to Gentiles 40-42, 222-23 Midrash Petirat Moshe 205 -hypostasis of 164-66 Miriam 148, 239 -in Philo 164-65 Monotheism, Jewish 91-92, 93, 97-99, -in Paul 164-65 232, 277-78 -in Rabbis 164-65 Moses -including oral traditions 162-63 -afterlife of 284-85 -delivered at Sinai 146, 209 -and Elijah 48, 52 n 98 -New 275-76 -and Isaiah 48, 52 n 98 -philosophical perfection of 135-36, 138 -and the Law 11, 12, 16 -referring to all of Scripture 164 -apostasy from 157, 253-56 Lawgiving -as angel 203, 260 -as prophecy 34-35, 37-38, 39-40, 49-50, -as apostle 30, 71-77, 273, 289 126-28, 130, 136-38, 139, 140-41, 141- -as defender of Jewish people 224 42, 143-48, 168-72 -as deliverer 14, 15, 17, 229, 269 -as legislation 125-26, 127, 129, 130, 132- -as divine figure 14, 22-23, 24-25, 26, 91- 36, 138, 143-44, 149-53 93, 96-97, 102, 193, 217, 229-47 -Philo's view of 132-36 -in Orphic literature 233-36 -rabbinic view of 143, 144-46, 165, 167, -in Philo 230-32 171 -in Qumran literature 232-33, 244-45 -Samaritan view of 141-42 -in rabbinic literature 236 -Second Temple Jewish controversy over -in Samaritan literature 236-37, 245 125, 151 -as emblem of Judaism 23 -Targumic view of 140-41 -as emblem of Pharisaism 24, 155 Luke, Gospel of, as second Deuteronomy -as focus of Jewish loyalty 30, 217, 219- 260 20, 221-25, 228-29 -as founder of a school 141, 147-48, 155, Manetho 67 218 Manna 54, 107-108, 111 -as general 45, 105 Masoretes 80, 107 -as god and king 94, 102 Massah and Meribah 226, 228 -as God's emissary 96, 148 Mediation -as God's viceroy 79-80, 90-94, 96-97 -characteristic of kingship, priesthood and -as king 13, 17, 21, 30, 79-123, 263, 267, prophecy 50 290 Mediators -before Herodian period 84, 86, 90 -glorious 50 -divine 91-97, 101-102 76, 84, 118, 272, 273, 282 -as lawgiver 10, 11, 12, 16, 26, 30, 39, Meribat Kadesh 248 117, 124-74, 263, 268, 290 Messiah, Messianism 82-83, 110, 198-99, -as legislator, authoritative 11, 14, 36, 285-86 125-26, 127, 138-39, 142, 149-53, 275- -as revealer in Samaritanism 88 76 -Davidic 110, 113-14, 264, 267-69, 273, -as legislator, Greek 127 274 -as light incarnate 142, 237 -accomodating Mosaic messianism 121, -as Master (Rabbon) of Israel 141, 147-48, 268-69, 273-75, 281 218, 218 n 49 -Mosaic 110, 111-12, 121-22, 198-99, -as mediator 12, 14, 19-20, 38-39, 40, 49- 262-63, 267, 274, 279-80, 285-86 50, 63, 68, 69, 162-63, 168-72, 173-74, -Samaritan conceptions of 88-89 265, 267 Midrash -as overseer of Jewish people 223-29 -on the Exodus 175-76, 183 -as philosopher 135-36, 138, 210, 212, 235 -on Exod. 7:1 233 Subject Index 365

-as priest 13, 30, 66-70, 105, 218 n 49, -derived from his covenant 170 289 -grave of 191, 200, 201, 203-204, 204-205 -Egyptian 67, 211 -related to whole world 203-204, 205 -heavenly 69, 197, 245 -heavenly enthronement of, 90-91, 94-97, -as prince 113-16 235 -as prophet 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19-20, -inaugurating nation 65, 67, 70, 129, 135, 21, 26, 29, 30-64, 125-28, 130, 131-32, 135 n 54, 149 132-33, 141-42, 263, 269, 271-72, 289 -influence on Christology 10, 13-14, 15, -as prophet-king 20-21, 84-90, 98-99, 263, 16-17, 73-74, 76-77 267, 268, 274 -initiating Aaron 65, 67, 70 -prophet-lawgiver 268 -intimacy with God of 33-34, 35-36, 38, -as prophet-priest-king 119-20 89 -as Rabbi 147, 155 -legends about 22, 25, 27, 36, 146, 210-15 -as redeemer 117-18 -magical invocation of 212 -as Scribe (the Great) of Israel 140, 148 -messianism see Messianism, Mosaic -as servant of God 33 n 5, 74, 119, -mortality of, in Philo 191-92 see also 264 n 40 Death of Moses -as shepherd-king 109-110 -mystic union with 30 -as spirit 188-90, 191-94, 205, 219-20, -new 82, 87, 260, 261-62, 265, 276, 280- 277 81 -as statesman, Hellenistic 210-11, 214 -on God's throne 91 -as supernatural being 14, 22-23, 24-25, -personal authority of 125-26, 128, 142, 189-91, 193, 195-96, 203, 212, 224-25, 149-58, 159-61, 275-76 260 -piety centered on 11, 21, 30, 215-17, 269, -as teacher (of ) 37, 108, 109, 141, 277-78, 291 147-48, 155 -popular assessment of 212, 217, 240 -as type of Christ 11, 16, 17, 19, 21 -portrayal in -most inclusive 281-82 -2 Baruch 43 -as type of Christian community 19, 177 -4 Ezra 43 -as unifying figure for Jews 176, 219-20 -Acts (see also Luke-Acts) 51, 63, 156- -assumption of 189, 193, 195-99, 201 58, 210, 221-23, 227-28, 229-30, -baptism into 14, 30, 175-208, 277, 286, 253-56 290 -Aristeas 129 -as Pauline invention 176-77, 290 -Aristobulus 36 -basically a prophet 45, 46 -Assumption of Moses 38-43, 124, 139, -birth of 27, 211, 216, 217, 271 n 87 188-90, 204-205, 213, 283-84 -blasphemy of 157-58, 226-29, 247, 253- -Ben Sira 34-36, 128 54 -Demetrius the Chronographer -compared with prophets 43, 47, 48, 51- 106 n129 52, 57 n 118 -Diodorus 130 -Corinthian view of 188, 206-207, 212 -Exagoge 36-37, 56, 90-102, 285 -creation dependent on 237 -Galen 130 -customs of 157-58, 221-22 -Hebrews 16-17, 19, 49-50, 73-76, 109- -death of see Death of Moses 110, 118-22, 265-66 -disciples of 217-220, 278 -Hecataeus 130 -exaltation of 22, 91, 100-101, 193, 196, -John 15-16, 17-18, 19, 20-21, 110- 199-206, 211-12, 214-15, 232 113, 158-62, 173, 217-20 -expectation of return 197-99 -Josephus 45, 56, 58-59, 60, 104-106, -with Messiah 198-99 124, 136-39, 194, 200-202, 223, -glory of 14, 168-71, 172 227, 250, 254-55 366 Subject Index

-Jubilees 34 -Samaritan 20, 45, 69, 88-89, 131, 141- -Justus of Tiberias 106 42, 212-13, 236-37, 250-52, 283 -Juvenal 130 -prayer to 193-94 -Luke-Acts (see also Acts) 16, 19, 113- -preaching of 157, 222-23 18, 152-53, 156-58, 173, 198-99, -prediction of Jesus 49 212, 221-23 -pre-existence of 142, 212-13, 283-84 -Mark 107-110, 149-53, 173, 212 -prophet like see Prophet, like Moses -Martyrdom of Isaiah 43 -scope of authority of 38, 39-43 -Matthew 17, 150-52, 173, 212 -"sentness" 71-73, 148 see also as apostle -Old Testament 18, 32-34, 66-67, 70, -shining face of 96-97 79-81, 82-84, 125-28, 248 -signs of 35-36, 52, 55-56, 267, 269 -LXX 82-83, 127-28, 200-201, 249- -spirit of 36, 47 50 -standard academic view of 19, 270, 273- -Orphic literature 233-36 74, 279, 292 -Paul 12, 13-15, 49-50, 173-74 -study of 9, 291-92 -Philo 43-45, 58-59, 67-68, 94, 97, -as adjunct to Christology 9, 10, 31, 102, 103-104, 110, 114-15, 124-25, 292 132-36, 191-94, 201-202, 214-15, -transformation into angel 203, 260 219-20, 229-30, 230-32, 235, 246- -visions of 36-37 47 "Moses and the Prophets" 156 -Pompeius Trogus 103 Mount Gerizim 251 -Porphyry 37 Mount Sinai 127, 212 -Pseudacro 103 -all prophecy given at 43, 48 -Pseudo-Philo 43, 56, 68-69, 190-91, -ascent of 90, 94-97, 146, 193, 236 203-204 -complete Torah given at 48, 137, 145-46, -Qumran literature 18, 26, 27, 131-32, 209 232-33 -divinization of Moses at 232-33, 236-37, -Targums 25, 46, 56 n 116, 81-82, 83, 244-45 140-41, 205, 248-49 -encounter with God at 35, 43, 75, 170-71, -Strabo 37-38, 103, 130 269 -Sibylline Oracle Eleven 102-103 -enthronement at 91, 102 -Similitudes of Enoch 202-203 -entry into heaven of 146 -Wisdom of Solomon 36 -inauguration of nation at 66, 68 -portrayal of -oral law given at 209, 146 -Alexandrian 11, 22, 23-25, 67, 129, -prophecy at 43 130, 194, 207, 230-32, 297 -Palestinian 10-11, 18, 25, 26, 27, 39- New Exodus 57 n 118, 107-108, 198-99, 43, 194, 195, 199, 207, 213, 292 204, 212, 260, 261-62, 268, 286 -Greco-Roman 27-29, 37-38, 67, 103, New Moses 82, 87, 260, 261-62, 265, 276, 117, 124, 130 280-81 -Hellenistic 11, 12, 27, 211 New Testament -influenced by Christology 13-14, 15, -as source for study of Judaism 9 16, 76 Non-Jewish writers -Intertestamental 11, 18, 27, 34 -as source for study of Judaism 84 -Pauline 14, 19, 162-72, 173-74, 265 Numenius of Apamea 37 -Rabbinic 18, 20, 27, 48-49, 70, 96-97, nuntius, (magnus) 38, 71, 75, 76 101, 106-107, 137, 143-48, 162, 196-99, 205, 236, 250, 283 Orpheus (Pseudo) 210 -including criticism 147 Passover 180-81 Subject Index 367

Passover Haggadah 73, 77 -linked with kingship 50, 77-78, 84-90, Paul 274 -as mediator 170-72 -linked with lawgiving 40, 49-50, 90 -apostleship of -linked with priesthood 50, 64, 65, 77 -compared with ministry of Moses 168- -Philo's analysis of 133, 146 72 Prophet(s) -defended 168-72 -actions of 60-61 Peter 276 -authentication of 52-54, 55, 57-62 , Pharisaism 15, 136, 139, 149, -call of, accounts of 32-33, 38 153-55, 161, 162-63, 207 -commission of 33, 52, 58 -as disciples of Moses 217-18 -Eschatological 12-13, 15, 20, 54, 60, 85- -as Moses' school 155, 218 86, 88-90, 259, 262, 263-64, 272 -Moses as emblem of 24, 155 -as lawgiver and king 263 Photius 106 -like Moses 12-13, 15, 50, 51-52, 54, 85- Philo 11, 23-25, 40, 55, 133, 214 90, 111-12, 259, 262, 263-64, 265, -defining Jewish people 209-210 268, 272, 274 -kingship of Moses, emphasis of 103-104 -as king 84-89, 111-13 -on Law 132-36, 164-65 -Moses as 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19-20, -on Moses, nature of 191-94 21, 26, 29, 30-64, 84-90, 98-99, 125, -on prophecy 133, 146 126-27, 128, 130, 131-33, 142, 262 -on spirit of God 191-92 -Moses greater than 34, 158, 272 -utility for study of Judaism 2-3, 191 -roles of a 37-38, 39-40, 53 n 103, 54, 55, Plagues 55 131, 141 Pompeius Trogus 67,103 -signs of 33, 34-35, 36, 52-54, 56-62 Porphyry 37 -succession of 85-87 Priest-king(s) 118-19, 120-22, 272 -titles of 33 Priest, Priesthood Prophet-King(s) 13, 15, 20-21, 37-38, 85- -Aaronic 66-67, 68-69, 76, 81 n 6, 107, 90, 111-12, 263 242-43, 272 -as priests 87 -delegated by Moses 66-68, 69, 70 -in Samaritanism 88-89 -as strictly 68, 107 -John Hyrcanus as 87 -and 66-67 -Moses as 20-21, 84-90 -as divine being 242-43 -Samuel as 87 -Danite 66 -succession of in Jewish tradition 86-87, -in Herodian period 66-67 89 -in Josephus 68 Pseudoacro 103 -in Philo 67-68, 242-43 Pseudo-Galen 44 n 61 -linked to apostleship ("sentness") 65-66, Pseudo-Jonathan 25 73-76 Pseudo-Longinus 29 n 137 -Melchizedekian 76 Pseudo-Philo 25, 26 -prophetic 64, 65, 77 -royal 77-78, 272-73 Raguel 100-101 "Prince" as royal title 113-16 Rashi 147 Promised Land 15 Red Sea 177, 184 Prophecy Ruler Cult 92 -as the essential Mosaic office 11, 12-13, 14-16, 19-20, 50, 74 n 47 Sabbath 222 -as fundamental for other offices 32, 37- 151, 157, 218 n 48 38, 50 Samael 208 -including Moses' 45, 46, 132-36, 140 368 Subject Index

Samaritan, Samaritanism Strabo 29 n 137; 38; 45; 67; 84; 84 n 21; -bills of marriage and divorce 69, 89, 245, 103 247-48 Symmachus 83, 114 -creeds 250-51 Synagogue(s) -emphasis on right belief 250-52 -Chorazin 153 -literature -Delos 153 -utility for NT study, 72 -Dura Europos 14-15, 177, 215-17, 257 -liturgy 251 -excavations 153-54 Samuel 86 -furniture 153-55, 216-17, 257 -as New Moses 87, 107 -Hammath by Tiberias 153 -as king 107 -services 167, 222-23, 257 -as priest-king 121 -as prophet-king 86-87 Tabernacle see Temple Saul 85 Taheb 88-89 Scriptures denominated "Law" 164 Temple, Tabernacle 67, 68, 70, 75, 119- Seat of Moses 153-55 22, 178, 180, 181, 209, 251 -like throne of Solomon 107, 154 -as God's house 120-22 Sermon on the Mount 275 -as God's kingdom 120-21 Shammai, school of 179-82 -consecration of 70 Shining face of Moses 96-97 -Moses' service in 75 Signs, miraculous Ten Commandments 134, 137, 151, 159 -and belief 60-62 -as specially divine in origin 125-27, 128, -as authentication 52-54, 56-62, 266 133, 136, 140, 142, 150 -distinguished from ordinary miracles 56- Theodotion 83, 114, 127-28 62 Theseus 216 -of apostles 61-62 Throne of Solomon -of Jesus 59-61, 266, 269 -like Seat of Moses 107, 154 -of Moses 33, 34-35, 36, 52-54, 58-59, 62- Transfiguration 194-206, 212, 230, 265 63, 269 -as evidence for activity of Moses 196 -of prophets 56-62 -Elijah at 195-96 Sign Prophets 56-58 -"Exodus" at 198-99 Simon the Hasmonean 105 -obscurity of 194-95 Solomon 193 Typology 175-77, 264-67, 272, 275 Song of Hannah 69 Spirit(s) Virgil 30 n 36 -immortal human 188 -divine, in Philo 191-92 Wilderness Wanderings 15, 54, 58, 70, -of Moses 188-89 107-108, 111, 182, 198-99 Staff (Scepter) of God 79-80, 91, 97 -provision during 215, 217, 227, 250 Star 89 Wisdom 193 Stephen 157-58, 255 Wisdom of Solomon -charges against 157-58, 228, 254 -biographies in 36 -speech of 113, 116, 118,210-11,255-56, 265 Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Alphabetical Index of the First and Second Series

Ädna, Jostein: Jesu Stellung zum Tempel. Baum, Armin Daniel: Pseudepigraphie und 2000. Volume U/119. literarische Fälschung im frühen Christen- Ädna, Jostein and Kvalbein, Hans (Ed.): The tum. 2001. Volume U/138. Mission of the Early Church to Jews and Bayer, Hans Friedrich: Jesus' Predictions of Gentiles. 2000. Volume 127. Vindication and Resurrection. 1986. Alkier, Stefan: Wunder und Wirklichkeit in den Volume 11/20. Briefen des Apostels Paulus. 2001. Becker, Michael: Wunder und Wundertäter Volume 134. im früh-rabbinischen Judentum. 2002. Anderson, Paul N.: The Christology of the Volume U/144. Fourth Gospel. 1996. Volume 11/78. Bell, Richard H.: Provoked to Jealousy. 1994. Appold, Mark L.: The Oneness Motif in the Volume 11/63. Fourth Gospel. 1976. Volume 11/1. - No One Seeks for God. 1998. Volume 106. Arnold, Clinton E.: TheColossian Syncretism. Bennema, Cornells: The Power of Saving 1995. Volume 11/77. Wisdom. 2002. Volume 11/148. Ascough, Richard S.: Paul's Macedonian Bergman, Jan: see Kieffer, René Associations. 2003. Volume 11/161. Bergmeier, Roland: Das Gesetz im Römerbrief Asiedu-Peprah, Martin: Johannine Sabbath und andere Studien zum Neuen Testament. Conflicts As Juridical Controversy. 2001. 2000. Volume 121. Volume 11/132. Betz, Otto: Jesus, der Messias Israels. 1987. Avemarie, Friedrich: Die Tauferzählungen der Volume 42. Apostelgeschichte. 2002. Volume 139. - Jesus, der Herr der Kirche. 1990. Volume 52. Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann Lichtenberger Beyschlag, Karlmann: Simon Magus und die (Ed.): Auferstehung - Ressurection. 2001. christliche Gnosis. 1974. Volume 16. Volume 135. Bittner, Wolfgang J. : Jesu Zeichen im Johannes- Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann evangelium. 1987. Volume U/26. Lichtenberger (Ed.): Bund und Tora. 1996. Bjerkelund, CarlJ.: Tauta Egeneto. 1987. Volume 92. Volume 40. Bachmann, Michael: Sünder oder Übertreter. Blackburn, Barry Lee: Theios Anër and the 1992. Volume 59. Markan Miracle Traditions. 1991. Back, Frances: Verwandlung durch Offenbarung Volume 11/40. bei Paulus. 2002. Volume 11/153. Bock, Darreil L.: Blasphemy and Exaltation in Baker, William R.: Personal Speech-Ethics in the Judaism and the Final Examination of Jesus. Epistle of James. 1995. Volume U/68. 1998. Volume U/106. Bakke, OddMagne: 'Concord and Peace'. Bockmuehl, Markus N.A.: Revelation and 2001. Volume U/143. Mystery in Ancient Judaism and Pauline Balla, Peter: Challenges to New Testament Christianity. 1990. Volume U/36. Theology. 1997. Volume U/95. B0e, Sverre: Gog and Magog. 2001. — The Child-Parent Relationship in the New Volume 11/135. Testament and its Environment. 2003. Böhlig, Alexander: Gnosis und Synkretismus. Volume 155. Teil 1 1989. Volume 47 - Teil 2 1989. Bammel, Ernst: Judaica. Volume I 1986. Volume 48. Volume 37. Böhm, Martina: Samarien und die Samaritai bei - Volume II 1997. Volume 91. Lukas. 1999. Volume U/111. Bash, Anthony: Ambassadors for Christ. 1997. Böttrich, Christfried: Weltweisheit - Mensch- Volume U/92. heitsethik - Urkult. 1992. Volume 11/50. Bauernfeind, Otto: Kommentar und Studien zur Bolyki, Jänos: Jesu Tischgemeinschaften. 1997. Apostelgeschichte. 1980. Volume 22. Volume 11/96. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Bosman, Philip: Conscience in Philo and Paul. Dickson, John P.: Mission-Commitment in 2003. Volume 11/166. Ancient Judaism and in the Pauline Bovon, François: Studies in Early Christianity. Communities. 2003. Volume 11/159. 2003. Volume 161. Dietzfelbinger, Christian: Der Abschied des Brocke, Christoph vom: Thessaloniki - Stadt Kommenden. 1997. Volume 95. des Kassander und Gemeinde des Paulus. Dobbeler, Axel von: Glaube als Teilhabe. 1987. 2001. Volume U/125. Volume U/22. Brunson, Andrew: Psalm 118 in the Gospel of Du Toit, Davids.: Theios Anthropos. 1997. John. 2003. Volume 11/158. Volume II/91 Biichli, Jörg: Der Poimandres - ein paganisier- Dunn, James D.G. (Ed.): Jews and Christians. tes Evangelium. 1987. Volume 11/27. 1992. Volume 66. Buhner, Jan A.: Der Gesandte und sein Weg im - Paul and the Mosaic Law. 1996. Volume 89. 4. Evangelium. 1977. Volume 11/2. Dunn, James D.G., Hans Klein, Ulrich Luz and Burchard, Christoph: Untersuchungen zu Vasile Mihoc (Ed.): Auslegung der Bibel in Joseph und Aseneth. 1965. Volume 8. orthodoxer und westlicher Perspektive. 2000. - Studien zur Theologie, Sprache und Umwelt Volume 130. des Neuen Testaments. Ed. von D. Sänger. Ebertz, Michael N.: Das Charisma des Gekreu- 1998. Volume 107. zigten. 1987. Volume 45. Burnett, Richard: Karl Barth's Theological Eckstein, Hans-Joachim: Der Begriff Syneidesis Exegesis. 2001. Volume U/145. bei Paulus. 1983. Volume U/10. Byron, John: Slavery Metaphors in Early - Verheißung und Gesetz. 1996. Volume 86. Judaism and Pauline Christianity. 2003. Ego, Beate: Im Himmel wie auf Erden. 1989. Volume 11/162. Volume U/34 Byrskog, Samuel: Story as History - History as Ego, Beate and Lange, Armin with Pilhofer, Peter Story. 2000. Volume 123. (Ed.): Gemeinde ohne Tempel - Community Cancik, Hubert (Ed.): Markus-Philologie. 1984. without Temple. 1999. Volume 118. Volume 33. Eisen, Ute E.: see Paulsen, Henning. Capes, David B.: Old Testament Yaweh Texts in Ellis, E. Earle: Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Paul's Christology. 1992. Volume 11/47. Early Christianity. 1978. Volume 18. Caragounis, Chrys C.: The Son of Man. 1986. - The Old Testament in Early Christianity. Volume 38. 1991. Volume 54. - see Fridrichsen, Anton. Endo, Masanobu: Creation and Christology. Carleton Paget, James: The Epistle of Barnabas. 2002. Volume 149. 1994. Volume 11/64. Ennulat, Andreas: Die 'Minor Agreements'. Carson, D.A., O'Brien, Peter T. and Mark. 1994. Volume U/62. Seifrid (Ed.): Justification and Variegated Ensor, Peter W.: Jesus and His 'Works'. 1996. Nomism: A Fresh Appraisal of Paul and Volume U/85. Second Temple Judaism. Volume 1 : The Eskola, Timo: Messiah and the Throne. 2001. Complexities of Second Temple Judaism. Volume U/142. Volume 11/140. - Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline Ciampa, Roy E.: The Presence and Function of Soteriology. 1998. Volume 11/100. Scripture in Galatians 1 and 2. 1998. Fatehi, Mehrdad: The Spirit's Relation to the Volume 11/102. Risen Lord in Paul. 2000. Volume 11/128. Classen, Carl Joachim: Rhetorical Criticsm of Feldmeier, Reinhard: Die Krisis des Gottessoh- the New Testament. 2000. Volume 128. nes. 1987. Volume U/21. Colpe, Carsten: Iranier - Aramäer - Hebräer - - Die Christen als Fremde. 1992. Volume 64. Hellenen. 2003. Volume 154. Feldmeier, Reinhard and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Crump, David: Jesus the Intercessor. 1992. Die Heiden. 1994. Volume 70. Volume 11/49. Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H.T.: Luke-Acts: Dahl, Nils Alstrup: Studies in Ephesians. 2000. Angels, Christology and Soteriology. 1997. Volume 131. Volume U/94. Deines, Roland: Jüdische Steingefäße und phari- Förster, Niclas: Marcus Magus. 1999. säische Frömmigkeit. 1993. Volume 11/52. Volume 114. - Die Pharisäer. 1997. Volume 101. Forbes, Christopher Brian: Prophecy and Dettwiler, Andreas and Jean Zumstein(Ed-): Inspired Speech in Early Christianity and its Kreuzestheologie im Neuen Testament. Hellenistic Environment. 1995. Volume U/75. 2002. Volume 151. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Fornberg, Tord: see Fridrichsen, Anton. Hartman, Lars: Text-Centered New Testament Fossum, Jarl E.: The Name of God and the Studies. Ed. von D. Hellholm. 1997. . 1985. Volume 36. Volume 102. Fotopoulos, John: Food Offered to Idols in Hartog, Paul: Polycarp and the New Testament. Roman Corinth. 2003. Volume 11/151. 2001. Volume U/134. Frenschkowski, Marco: Offenbarung und Heckel, Theo K.: Der Innere Mensch. 1993. Epiphanie. Volume 1 1995. Volume 11/79- Volume II/53. Volume 2 1997. Volume 11/80. - Vom Evangelium des Markus zum viergestal- Frey, Jörg: Eugen Drewermann und die tigen Evangelium. 1999. Volume 120. biblische Exegese. 1995. Volume 11/71. Heckel, Ulrich: Kraft in Schwachheit. 1993. - Diejohanneische Eschatologie. Volume I. Volume 11/56. 1997. Volume 96. - Volume II. 1998. - Der Segen im Neuen Testament. 2002. Volume 110. Volume 150. - Volume III. 2000. Volume 117. - see Feldmeier, Reinhard. Freyne, Sean: Galilee and Gospel. 2000. - see Hengel, Martin. Volume 125. Heiligenthal, Roman: Werke als Zeichen. 1983. Fridrichsen, Anton: Exegetical Writings. Edited Volume U/9. by C.C. Caragounis and T. Fornberg. 1994. Hellholm, D.: see Hartman, Lars. Volume 76. Hemer, Colin J.: The Book of Acts in the Setting Garlington, Don B.: 'The Obedience of Faith'. of Hellenistic History. 1989. Volume 49. 1991. Volume 11/38. Hengel, Martin: Judentum und Hellenismus. - Faith, Obedience, and Perseverance. 1994. 1969, '1988. Volume 10. Volume 79. - Die johanneische Frage. 1993. Volume 67. Garnet, Paul: Salvation and Atonement in the - Judaica et Hellenistica. Qumran Scrolls. 1977. Volume 11/3. Kleine Schriften I. 1996. Volume 90. Gese, Michael: Das Vermächtnis des Apostels. - Judaica, Hellenistica et Christiana. 1997. Volume 11/99. Kleine Schriften II. 1999. Volume 109. Gheorghita, Radu: The Role of the Septuagint - Paulus und Jakobus. in Hebrews. 2003. Volume 11/160. Kleine Schriften III. 2002. Volume 141. Grabe, Petrus J.: The Power of God in Paul's Hengel, Martin and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Paulus Letters. 2000. Volume 11/123. und das antike Judentum. 1991. Volume 58. Gräßer, Erich: Der Alte Bund im Neuen. 1985. Hengel, Martin and Hermut Lohr (Ed.): Volume 35. Schriftauslegung im antiken Judentum und - Forschungen zur Apostelgeschichte. 2001. im Urchristentum. 1994. Volume 73. Volume 137. Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer: Green, Joel B.: The Death of Jesus. 1988. Paulus zwischen Damaskus und Antiochien. Volume 11/33. 1998. Volume 108. Gregory, Anthony: The Reception of Luke and - Der messianische Anspruch Jesu und die Acts in the Period before Irenaeus. 2003. Anfänge der Christologie. 2001. Volume 138. Volume U/169. Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer Gundry Volf, Judith M.: Paul and Perseverance. (Ed.): Königsherrschaft Gottes und himm- 1990. Volume 11/37. lischer Kult. 1991. Volume 55. Hafemann, Scott J.: Suffering and the Spirit. - Die Septuaginta. 1994. Volume 72. 1986. Volume 11/19. Hengel, Martin; Siegfried Mittmann and Anna - Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel. 1995. Maria Schwemer (Ed.): La Cité de Dieu / Volume 81. Die Stadt Gottes. 2000. Volume 129. Hahn, Johannes (Ed.): Zerstörungen des Herrenbrück, Fritz: Jesus und die Zöllner. 1990. Jerusalemer Tempels. 2002. Volume 147. Volume U/41. Hannah, Darrel D.: Michael and Christ. 1999. Herzer, Jens: Paulus oder Petrus? 1998. Volume 11/109. Volume 103. Hamid-Khani, Saeed: Relevation and Con- Hoegen-Rohls, Christina: Der nachösterliche cealment of Christ. 2000. Volume U/120. Johannes. 1996. Volume U/84. Harrison; James R.: Paul's Language of Grace Hofius, Otfried: Katapausis. 1970. Volume 11. in Its Graeco-Roman Context. 2003. - Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. 1972. Volume 11/172. Volume 14. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- DerChristushymmisPhilipper2,6-ll. 1976, Kraus, Thomas J.: Sprache, Stil und historischer 21991. Volume 17. Ort des zweiten Petrusbriefes. 2001. - Paulusstudien. 1989,21994. Volume 51. Volume U/136. - Neutestamentliche Studien. 2000. Volume 132. Kraus, Wolfgang: Das Volk Gottes. 1996. - Paulusstudien II. 2002. Volume 143. Volume 85. Hofius, Otfried and Hans-Christian Kammler: - and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Früh- Johannesstudien. 1996. Volume 88. judentum und Neues Testament im Horizont Holtz, Traugott: Geschichte und Theologie des Biblischer Theologie. 2003. Volume 162. Urchristentums. 1991. Volume 57. - see Walter, Nikolaus. Hommel, Hildebrecht: Sebasmata. Volume 1 1983. Kreplin, Matthias: Das Selbstverständnis Jesu. Volume 31 - Volume 2 1984. Volume 32. 2001. Volume U/141. Hvalvik, Reidar: The Struggle for Scripture and Kuhn, Karl G.: Achtzehngebet und Vaterunser Covenant. 1996. Volume 11/82. und der Reim. 1950. Volume 1. Johns, Loren L.: The Lamb Christology of the Kvalbein, Hans: see Ädna, Jostein. of John. 2003. Volume 11/167. Laansma, Jon: I Will Give You Rest. 1997. Joubert, Stephan: Paul as Benefactor. 2000. Volume II/98. Volume 11/124. Labahn, Michael: Offenbarung in Zeichen und Jungbauer, Harry: „Ehre Vater und Mutter". Wort. 2000. Volume U/117. 2002. Volume 11/146. Lambers-Petry, Doris: see Tomson, Peter J. Kühler, Christoph: Jesu Gleichnisse als Poesie Lange, Armin: see Ego, Beate. und Therapie. 1995. Volume 78. Lampe, Peter: Die stadtrömischen Christen in Kamiah, Ehrhard: Die Form der katalogischen den ersten beiden Jahrhunderten. 1987, Paranese im Neuen Testament. 1964. Volume 7. 21989. Volume U/18. Kammler, Hans-Christian: Christologie und Landmesser, Christof: Wahrheit als Grundbe- Eschatologie. 2000. Volume 126. griff neutestamentlicher Wissenschaft. 1999. - Kreuz und Weisheit. 2003. Volume 159. Volume 113. - see Hofius, Otfried. - Jüngerberufung und Zuwendung zu Gott. Kelhoffer, James A.: Miracle and Mission. 1999. 2000. Volume 133. Volume 11/112. Lau, Andrew: Manifest in Flesh. 1996. Kieffer, René and Jan Bergman (Ed.): La Main de Volume U/86. Dieu/Die Hand Gottes. 1997. Volume 94. Lawrence, Louise: An Ethnography of the Kim, Seyoon: The Origin of Paul's Gospel. Gospel of Matthew. 2003. Volume 11/165. 1981,21984. Volume 11/4. Lee, Pilchan: The New Jerusalem in the Book of - "The'Son of Man'" as the Son of God. Relevation. 2000. Volume 11/129. 1983. Volume 30. Lichtenberger, Hermann: see Avemarie, Klauck, Hans-Josef: Religion und Gesellschaft Friedrich. im frühen Christentum. 2003. Volume 152. Lierman, John: The New Testament Moses. Klein, Hans: see Dunn, James D.G.. 2004. Volume 11/173. Kleinknecht, Karl Th. : Der leidende Gerechtfer- Lieu, Samuel N. C.: Manichaeism in the Later tigte. 1984,21988. Volume 11/13. Roman Empire and Medieval China. 21992. Klinghardt, Matthias: Gesetz und Volk Gottes. Volume 63. 1988. Volume U/32. Loader, William R.G.: Jesus' Attitude Towards Koch, Stefan: Rechtliche Regelung von the Law. 1997. Volume 11/97. Konflikten im frühen Christentum. 2004. Lohr, Gebhard: Verherrlichung Gottes durch Volume U/174. Philosophie. 1997. Volume 97. Köhler, Wolf-Dietrich: Rezeption des Matthäus- Lohr, Hermut: Studien zum frühchristlichen und evangeliums in der Zeit vor Irenaus. 1987. frühjüdischen Gebet. 2003. VolumelöO. Volume 11/24. -: see Hengel, Martin. Kooten, George H. van: Cosmic Christology in Lohr, Winrich Alfried: Basilides und seine Paul and the Pauline School. 2003. Schule. 1995. Volume 83. Volume U/171. Luomanen, Petri: Entering the Kingdom of Korn, Manfred: Die Geschichte Jesu in Heaven. 1998. Volume II/lOl. veränderter Zeit. 1993. Volume 11/51. Luz, Ulrich: see Dunn, James D.G. Koskenniemi, Erkki: Apollonios von Tyana in Maier, Gerhard: Mensch und freier Wille. 1971. der neutestamentlichen Exegese. 1994. Volume 12. Volume U/61. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- Die Johannesoffenbarung und die Kirche. Nissen, Andreas: Gott und der Nächste im 1981. Volume 25. antiken Judentum. 1974. Volume 15. Markschies, Christoph: Valentinus Gnosticus? Noack, Christian: Gottesbewußtsein. 2000. 1992. Volume 65. Volume 11/116. Marshall, Peter: Enmity in Corinth: Social Noormann, Rolf: Irenaus als Paulusinterpret. Conventions in Paul's Relations with the 1994. Volume 11/66. Corinthians. 1987. Volume 11/23. Novakovic, Lidija: Messiah, the Healer of the Mayer, Annemarie: Sprache der Einheit im Sick. 2003. Volume U/170. Epheserbrief und in der Ökumene. 2002. Obermann, Andreas: Die christologische Volume II/ISO. Erfüllung der Schrift im Johannesevangeli- McDonough, Sean M.: YHWH at Patmos: um. 1996. Volume II/83. Rev. 1:4 in its Hellenistic and Early Jewish Ohler, Markus: Barnabas. 2003. Volume 156. Setting. 1999. Volume 11/107. Okure, Teresa: The Johannine Approach to McGlynn, Moyna: Divine Judgement and Mission. 1988. Volume 11/31. Divine Benevolence in the . Oropeza, B. J.: Paul and Apostas y. 2000. 2001. Volume 11/139. Volume U/115. Meade, David G.: Pseudonymity and Canon. Ostmeyer, Karl-Heinrich: Taufe und Typos. 1986. Volume 39. 2000. Volume 11/118. Meadors, Edward P.: Jesus the Messianic Paulsen, Henning: Studien zur Literatur und Herald of Salvation. 1995. Volume 11/72. Geschichte des frühen Christentums. Ed. von Meißner, Stefan: Die Heimholung des Ketzers. Ute E. Eisen. 1997. Volume 99. 1996. Volume U/87. Pao, David W.: Acts and the Isaianic New Meli, Ulrich: Die „anderen" Winzer. 1994. Exodus. 2000. Volume U/130. Volume 77. Park, Eung Chun: The Mission Discourse in Mengel, Berthold: Studien zum Philipperbrief. Matthew's Interpretation. 1995. 1982. Volume 11/8. Volume 11/81. Merkel, Helmut: Die Widersprüche zwischen Park, Joseph S.: Conceptions of Afterlife in den Evangelien. 1971. Volume 13. Jewish Insriptions. 2000. Volume U/121. Merklein, Helmut: Studien zu Jesus und Paulus. Pate, C. Marvin: The Reverse of the Curse. Volume 1 1987. Volume 43. - Volume 2 2000. Volume U/114. 1998. Volume 105. Peres, Imre: Griechische Grabinschriften und Metzdorf, Christina: Die Tempelaktion Jesu. neutestamentliche Eschatologie. 2003. 2003. Volume 11/168. Volume 157. Metzler, Karin: Der griechische Begriff des Philonenko, Marc (Ed.): Le Tröne de Dieu. Verzeihens. 1991. Volume 11/44. 1993. Volume 69. Metzner, Rainer: Die Rezeption des Matthäus- Pilhofer, Peter: Presbyteron Kreitton. 1990. evangeliums im 1. Petrusbrief. 1995. Volume U/39. Volume 11/74. - Philippi. Volume 1 1995. Volume 87. - - Das Verständnis der Sünde im Johannesevan- Volume 2 2000. Volume 119. gelium. 2000. Volume 122. - Die frühen Christen und ihre Welt. 2002. Mihoc, Vasile: see Dunn, James D.G.. Volume 145. Mineshige, Kiyoshi: Besitzverzicht und - see Ego, Beate. Almosen bei Lukas. 2003. Volume II/163. Pöhlmann, Wolfgang: Der Verlorene Sohn und Mittmann, Siegfried: see Hengel, Martin. das Haus. 1993. Volume 68. Mittmann-Richert, Ulrike: Magnifikat und Pokorny, Petr and Josef B. Soucek: Bibelausle- Benediktus. 1996. Volume 11/90. gung als Theologie. 1997. Volume 100. Mußner, Franz: Jesus von Nazareth im Umfeld Pokorny, Petr and Jan Roskovec (Ed.): Israels und der Urkirche. Ed. von M. Philosophical Hermeneutics and Biblical Theobald. 1998. Volume 111. Exegesis. 2002. Volume 153. Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm: Gesetz und Paränese. Porter, Stanley E.: The Paul of Acts. 1999. 1987. Volume 11/28. Volume 115. - Heidenapostel aus Israel. 1992. Volume 62. Prieur, Alexander: Die Verkündigung der - see Kraus, Wolfgang Gottesherrschaft. 1996. Volume 11/89. Nielsen, Anders E.: "Until it is Fullfilled". 2000. Probst, Hermann: Paulus und der Brief. 1991. Volume 11/126. Volume 11/45. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Räisänen, Heikki: Paul and the Law. 1983, Scott, James M.: Adoption as Sons of God. 21987. Volume 29. 1992. Volume U/48. Rehkopf, Friedrich: Die lukanische Sonderquel- - Paul and the Nations. 1995. Volume 84. le. 1959. Volume 5. Shum, Shiu-Lun: Paul's Use of Isaiah in Rein, Matthias: Die Heilung des Blindgeborenen Romans. 2002. Volume 11/156. (Joh 9). 1995. Volume 11/73. Siegert, Folker: Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Reinmuth, Eckart: Pseudo-Philo und Lukas. Predigten. Teil 11980. Volume 20 - Teil II 1994. Volume 74. 1992. Volume 61. Reiser, Marius: Syntax und Stil des Markus- - Nag-Hammadi-Register. 1982. Volume 26. evangeliums. 1984. Volume 11/11. - Argumentation bei Paulus. 1985. Volume 34. Richards, E. Randolph: The Secretary in the - Philon von Alexandrien. 1988. Volume 46. Letters of Paul. 1991. Volume 11/42. Simon, Marcel: Le christianisme antique et son Riesner, Rainer: Jesus als Lehrer. 1981,31988. contexte religieux I/II. 1981. Volume 23. Volume 11/7. Snodgrass, Klyne: The Parable of the Wicked - Die Frühzeit des Apostels Paulus. 1994. Tenants. 1983. Volume 27. Volume 71. Söding, Thomas: Das Wort vom Kreuz. 1997. Rissi, Mathias: Die Theologie des Hebräerbriefs. Volume 93. 1987. Volume 41. - see Thüsing, Wilhelm. Roskovec, Jan: see Pokorny, Petr. Sommer, Urs: Die Passionsgeschichte des Röhser, Günter: Metaphorik und Personifikation Markusevangeliums. 1993. Volume II/58. der Sünde. 1987. Volume 11/25. Soucek, Josef B.: see Pokorny, Petr. Rose, Christian: Die Wolke der Zeugen. 1994. Spangenberg, Volker: Herrlichkeit des Neuen Volume U/60. Bundes. 1993. Volume 11/55. Rothschild, Cläre K.: Luke Acts and the Spanje, T.E. van: Inconsistency in Paul? 1999. Rhetoric of History. 2004. Volume U/175. Volume II/HO. Riiegger, Hans-Ulrich: Verstehen, was Markus Speyer, Wolfgang: Frühes Christentum im erzählt. 2002. Volume U/155. antiken Strahlungsfeld. Volume I: 1989. Rüger, Hans Peter: Die Weisheitsschrift aus der Volume 50. Kairoer Geniza. 1991. Volume 53. - Volume II: 1999. Volume 116. Sänger, Dieter: Antikes Judentum und die Stadelmann, Helge: Ben Sira als Schriftgelehr- Mysterien. 1980. Volume U/5. ter. 1980. Volume II/6. - Die Verkündigung des Gekreuzigten und Stenschke, Christoph W.: Luke's Portrait of Israel. 1994. Volume 75. Gentiles Prior to Their Coming to Faith. - see Burchard, Christoph Volume U/108. Salzmann, Jorg Christian: Lehren und Stettier, Christian: Der Kolosserhymnus. 2000. Ermahnen. 1994. Volume 11/59. Volume U/131. Sandnes, Karl Olav: Paul - One of the Stettier, Hanna: Die Christologie der Pastoral- Prophets? 1991. Volume II/43. briefe. 1998. Volume U/105. Sato, Migaku: Q und Prophetie. 1988. Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel: The Impact of Volume 11/29. Yom Kippur on Early Christianity. 2003. Schaper, Joachim: in the Greek Volume 163. Psalter. 1995. Volume U/76. Strobel, August: Die Stunde der Wahrheit. 1980. Schimanowski, Gottfried: Die himmlische Volume 21. Liturgie in der Apokalypse des Johannes. Stroumsa, Guy G.: Barbarian Philosophy. 1999. 2002. Volume 11/154. Volume 112. - Weisheit und Messias. 1985. Volume U/17. Stuckenbruck, Loren T.: Angel Veneration and Schlichting, Günter: Ein jüdisches Leben Jesu. Christology. 1995. Volume ¡1/70. 1982. Volume 24. Stuhlmacher, Peter (Ed.): Das Evangelium und Schnabel, Eckhard J.: Law and Wisdom from die Evangelien. 1983. Volume 28. Ben Sira to Paul. 1985. Volume U/16. - Biblische Theologie und Evangelium. 2002. Schutter, William L.: Hermeneutic and Volume 146. Composition in I Peter. 1989. Volume II/30. Sung, Chong-Hyon: Vergebung der Sünden. Schwartz, Daniel R.: Studies in the Jewish 1993. Volume 11/57. Background of Christianity. 1992. Tajra, Harry W.: The Trial of St. Paul. 1989. Volume 60. Volume U/35. Schwemer, Anna Maria: see Hengel, Martin Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- The Martyrdom of St.Paul. 1994. Walter, Nikolaus: Praeparatio Evangelica. Ed. Volume II/67. von Wolfgang Kraus und Florian Wilk. Theißen, Gerd: Studien zur Soziologie des 1997. Volume 98. Urchristentums. 1979,31989. Volume 19. Wander, Bernd: Gottesfürchtige und Sympathi- Theobald, Michael: Studien zum Römerbrief. santen. 1998. Volume 104. 2001. Volume 136. Watts, Rikki: Isaiah's New Exodus and Mark. Theobald, Michael: see Mußner, Franz. 1997. Volume II/88. Thornton, Claus-Jürgen: Der Zeuge des Wedderburn, A.J.M.: Baptism and Resurrection. Zeugen. 1991. Volume 56. 1987. Volume 44. Thüsing, Wilhelm: Studien zur neutestamentli- Wegner, Uwe: Der Hauptmann von Kafarnaum. chen Theologie. Ed. von Thomas Söding. 1985. Volume 11/14. 1995. Volume 82. Weissenrieder, Annette: Images of Illness in the Thurén, Lauri: Derhethorizing Paul. 2000. Gospel of Luke. 2003. Volume 11/164. Volume 124. Welck, Christian: Erzählte .Zeichen'. 1994. Tomson, Peter J. and Doris Lambers-Petry Volume 11/69. (Ed.): The Image of the Judaeo-Christians in Wiarda, Timothy: Peter in the Gospels . 2000. Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Volume 11/127. 2003. Volume 158. Wilk, Florian: see Walter, Nikolaus. Treloar, Geoffrey R.: Lightfoot the Historian. Williams, Catrin H.: I am He. 2000. 1998. Volume U/103. Volume 11/113. Tsuji, Manabu: Glaube zwischen Vollkommen- Wilson, Walter T. . Love without Pretense. 1991. heit und Verweltlichung. 1997. Volume U/93 Volume U/46. Twelftree, Graham H.: Jesus the Exorcist. 1993. Wisdom, Jeffrey: Blessing for the Nations and Volume U/54. the Curse of the Law. 2001. Volume 11/133. Urban, Christina: Das Menschenbild nach dem Wucherpfennig, Ansgar: Heracleon Philologus. Johannesevangelium. 2001. Volume U/137. 2002. Volume 142. Visotzky, Burton L.: Fathers of the World. 1995. Yeung, Maureen: Faith in Jesus and Paul. 2002. Volume 80. Volume 11/147. Vollenweider, Samuel: Horizonte neutestamentli- Zimmermann, AlfredE.: Die urchristlichen cher Christologie. 2002. Volume 144. Lehrer. 1984,21988. Volume 11/12. Vos, Johan S.: Die Kunst der Argumentation bei Zimmermann, Johannes: Messianische Texte Paulus. 2002. Volume 149. aus Qumran. 1998. Volume U/104. Wagener, Ulrike: Die Ordnung des „Hauses Zimmermann, Ruben: Geschlechtermetaphorik Gottes". 1994. Volume II/65. und Gottesverhältnis. 2001. Volume 11/122. Walker, Donald D.: Paul's Offer of Leniency Zumstein, Jean: see Dettwiler, Andreas (2 Cor 10:1). 2002. Volume U/152.

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