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Following Moses: an Investigation Into the Prophetic Discourse of the First Century C University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Following Moses: An Investigation Into The Prophetic Discourse Of The First Century C. E Virginia L. Wayland University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Wayland, Virginia L., "Following Moses: An Investigation Into The Prophetic Discourse Of The First Century C. E" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2632. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2632 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2632 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Following Moses: An Investigation Into The Prophetic Discourse Of The First Century C. E Abstract ABSTRACT FOLLOWING MOSES: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPHETIC DISCOURSE OF THE FIRST CENTURY C.E. This dissertation informs current discussions of the apparent transformation of the concepts of prophets and prophecy within Judaism of the Second Temple period by examining the application of the Law of the Prophet (Deut 18:15-22) within two first century C.E. texts, the Testament of Moses and the Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum of Pseudo-Philo. Combining scholarly study of ancient Biblical interpretation and of legal and historical narrative, the study examines the successors of Moses as an umbrella concept in discursive competition between centers of human and textual authority. The study was designed to be comparative, identifying key intermediaries, settings, and audiences for divine communication and presence in two characteristic literary forms of the Second Temple - pseudepigraphy and rewritten Bible. Since the two texts in focus reflect significantly different pseudepigraphy and textual genre, I treat them separately, using Philo of Alexandria and Josephus' Antiquities as well as parallel canonical texts to establish a field of comparison. I have tried to take into account textual evidence for recontextualization of the Law of the Prophet provided by Dead Sea documents. 4QpaleoExodm is evidence for incorporation of the law of the prophet into the Sinai Revelation (Exodus 20:20ff) as in the Samaritan Pentateuch. 4Q375 Reworked Pentateuch and 11Q Temple Scroll give new legal contexts, while 4Q 175 Testimonia lists significant intertexts. Characters who speak "words in the name of God" (Deut 18:18) are assumed to be prophets. The terms applied to them to define a nuanced ocabularv y for prophetic figures and their roles in society. Similarly, the descriptive terms applied to their speeches comprise a nuanced vocabulary for prophecy. I go on to trace the the observed phenomena of prophecy ex eventu and eschatological expectation as intersection of history and prophecy in "words spoken in the name of God" as they come to pass (Deut 18:22). Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Religious Studies First Advisor Robert A. Kraft Keywords Deut 18:15-22, Interpretation, Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum, Pseudepigrapha, Pseudo-Philo, Testament of Moses Subject Categories Biblical Studies | History of Religion | Religion This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2632 FOLLOWING MOSES: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPHETIC DISCOURSE OF THE FIRST CENTURY C. E. Virginia L. Wayland A DISSERTATION in Religious Studies Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for theDegree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation Co-Supervisor ____________________________ ______________________________ Robert A. Kraft Steven Weitzman Berg Professor of Religious Studies, Emeritus Abraham H. Ellis Professor of Hebrew and Semitic Languages and Literatures Graduate Group Chairperson Dissertation Committee _____________________________ ___________________________________ Anthea Butler David Stern Associate Professor of Religious Studies Harry Starr Professor of Classical and Modern Hebrew and Jewish Literature, Harvard University FOLLOWING MOSES: AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROPHETIC DISCOURSE OF THE FIRST CENTURY C.E. COPYRIGHT 2017 Virginia L. Wayland For Brad iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I owe a great deal to many who have helped make this work possible, especially Professor Robert Kraft, for patience and helpful comments. Professor David Stern for introducing me to Rabbinic Jewish literature and its characteristic literary forms, especially midrash. Professors Steven Weitzman and Anthea Butler have listened patiently, and offered encouragement at some difficult times. I would like to thank Benjamin G. Wright, Hindy Najman, Jed Wyrick, Daniel Boyarin, John C. Reeves, and especially Jay C. Treat for discussing aspects of the project in progress. Ann Matter contributed valuable observations concerning Latin manuscripts. I owe special thanks to Earnestine DeVose Williams and Marco Manzo for solving many admistrative problems that arose during my tenure at Penn. My husband, Brad Wayland, and our friend Michael Fryd have expressed confidence throughout that I had something to say. This has been invaluable to me. For those friends who have expressed a desire to read this, thank you! I hope that the product does not disappoint! iv ABSTRACT FOLLOWING MOSES: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPHETIC DISCOURSE OF THE FIRST CENTURY C. E. Virginia L. Wayland Robert A. Kraft This dissertation informs current discussions of the apparent transformation of the concepts of prophets and prophecy within Judaism of the Second Temple period by examining the application of the Law of the Prophet (Deut 18:15-22) within two first century C.E. texts, the Testament of Moses and the Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum of Pseudo-Philo. Combining scholarly study of ancient Biblical interpretation and of legal and historical narrative, the study examines the successors of Moses as an umbrella concept in discursive competition between centers of human and textual authority. The study was designed to be comparative, identifying key intermediaries, settings, and audiences for divine communication and presence in two characteristic literary forms of the Second Temple - pseudepigraphy and rewritten Bible. Since the two texts in focus reflect significantly different pseudepigraphy and textual genre, I treat them separately, using Philo of Alexandria and Josephus' Antiquities as well as parallel canonical texts to establish a field of comparison. I have tried to take into v account textual evidence for recontextualization of the Law of the Prophet provided by Dead Sea documents. 4QpaleoExodm is evidence for incorporation of the law of the prophet into the Sinai Revelation (Exodus 20:20ff) as in the Samaritan Pentateuch. 4Q375 Reworked Pentateuch and 11Q Temple Scroll give new legal contexts, while 4Q 175 Testimonia lists significant intertexts. Characters who speak "words in the name of God" (Deut 18:18) are assumed to be prophets. The terms applied to them define a nuanced vocabulary for prophetic figures and their roles in society. Similarly, the descriptive terms applied to their speeches comprise a nuanced vocabulary for prophecy. I go on to trace the the observed phenomena of prophecy ex eventu and eschatological expectation as intersection of history and prophecy in "words spoken in the name of God" as they come to pass (Deut 18:22). vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................... IV ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 1.1 The Problem ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The Texts in the Study ..................................................................................... 12 1.3 A Succession of Prophets or a Canon of Texts? The Witness of Josephus ................................................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Mosaic Discourse and Prophetic Discourse ................................................. 30 1.5 Law of the Prophet, Interpretation and History ......................................... 42 CHAPTER 2 BECOMING A PROPHET .................................................................. 48 2.1 Joshua and the First Century Reader ............................................................ 50 2.1.1 The Books .................................................................................................. 55 2.1.2 Joshua as Mediator .................................................................................. 58 2.2 Can Joshua Be Like Moses? T. Mos. 11:9-18 and Deut 34:9-12 .................. 62 2.2.1 Servant to Successor ................................................................................ 63 2.2.2 Is Joshua "like Moses"? ............................................................................ 69 2.2.3 Moses and the Nuntius ............................................................................ 75 2.3 Moses' Prophecy (T. Mos. 2:1-10:10) .............................................................. 81 vii 2.3.1 The Pattern of History ............................................................................. 84
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