Rockets to Mars Past, Present, and Future
Olwen Morgan
From the Viking Landers to Colonies on Mars From Rocket Research Company to Aerojet Rocketdyne
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 Why Mars?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 1 Why Not Venus?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 2 How to Get to Mars (Then and Now)
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 3 Seven Minutes of Terror
• MSL SevenMinutesofTerror.mov
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 4 Why Go to Space?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 5 Mostly It’s the View
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 6 Let’s Talk About the Rockets on the Spacecraft
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 7 And Just Where Do They Come From?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 8 Rocket Research Co., A Start-up Company
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 9 York Center Ground-Breaking (1967)
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 10 John Young, Ninth Man to Walk on the Moon
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 11 Do You Use Space?
• Do you watch television? • Do you fly? • Do you have a GPS? A cell phone? A computer? • Do you drive an electric car? A hybrid? • Research and Development (R&D) that originated with space programs or were spin-offs – Mylar (space blankets) – Miniature electronic components (personal computers, cell phones, remote controls) – Lithium ion batteries – Infrared thermometers – Non-invasive medical screening
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 12 Basics
• The greater the gravity, the more thrust you need • Typically launch vehicles come apart, shedding the spent portions as they go • The spacecraft is packaged within the launch vehicle • There are several types of vehicles that go to Mars – Flyby – Orbiters – Landers – Probes – Rovers • Orbiters need a method to stop so they can be captured by the Martian gravity • Landers, probes and rovers can go straight in • Atlas V launch.wmv
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 13 Viking 1 and 2 Missions to Mars
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 14 Viking Lander Engines
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 15 The Mars Family
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 16 Mars Is Difficult (Launch Dates)
• Mars Exploration was initially attempted by the Russians – Marsnik 1 and 2 (1960)—Launch failures – Korabl 11 and 13 (1962)—Launch failures – Mars 1 (Sputnik 23) (1962)—Lost five months after launch – Zond 2 (1964)—Lost during a mid-course correction maneuver – Mars 1969A and 1969B (1969)—Launch failure – Kosmos 419 (1971)—Launch failure – Mars 2 and 3 (1971)—One successful orbiter, one partially successful orbiter, one failed descent craft, one partially successful descent – Mars 4, 5, 6, and 7 (1973, 1974)—Mixed results • U.S. Efforts began with Mariner – Mariner 3 (1964)—Failed to release heat shield; dragged into solar orbit – Mariner 4 (1964)—First successful fly-by Score Before Viking – Mariner 6 and 7 (1969)—Successful fly-bys Earthlings: 7.5 – Mariner 8 (1971)—Failed to achieve earth orbit Martians: 13.5 – Mariner 9 (1971)—First successful Mars Orbit http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-mars.html
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 17 Mars Is Difficult (Launch Dates)
• Viking and Beyond – Viking 1 and 2 (1975)—Orbiter and Lander—SUCCESS—United States► – Phobos 1 (1988)—Orbiter—Failed during cruise—USSR – Phobos 2 (1988)—Orbiter and “hopper”—Failed early in orbit—USSR – Mars Observer (1992)—Orbiter—Failed during Mars Orbit Insertion—United States ► – Mars Global Surveyor (1996)—Orbiter—Successful—United States ► – Mars ‘96 (1996)—Orbiter, Lander, and Penetrators—Launch Failure—Russia – Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner—Rover—Successful—United States ► – Mars Climate Orbiter—Orbiter (1998)—Failed during Mars Orbit Insertion— United States ► – Nozomi (1998)—Mars Orbiter—Failed—Japan – Mars Polar Lander (1999)—Lander—Failed—United States ► – Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit/Opportunity) (2003)—Rovers—Opportunity still roving—United States ► – Phoenix (2007)—Lander—Mission Complete—United States ►
Redmond Hardware ► http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-mars.html
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 18
Score Since Viking Mars Is Difficult (Launch Dates) Earthlings: 12 Martians: 10 • Viking and Beyond En Route: 1 – Mars Odyssey (2001)—Orbiter—Relays information from Opportunity—United States ► – Mars Express and Beagle 2 (2003)—Orbiter and Lander—Orbiter still operational; Beagle lander failed—European Space Agency – Yinghuo-1 (2012)—Orbiter—Failed at Launch with Phobos Grunt—China – Phobos-Grunt (2012)—Sample return—Failed at Launch—Russia – Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005)—Orbiter—Monitored Mars Science Laboratory Landing—United States ► – Mars Science Laboratory and Curiosity (2011)—Rover—Operational—United States ► – MAVEN (Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN) (2013)—Orbiter—United States ► – ExoMars Orbiter Mission (2016)—Orbiter/Lander Pair—European Space Agency – Mars InSight (2018)—Lander—En Route for landing 26 November 2018— United States ►
Redmond Hardware ► http://www.planetary.org/explore/space -topics/space-missions/missions-to-mars.html Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 19
Mars Science Laboratory
• Atlas 5 − 4 Solid Boosters − 12 Monoprop ACS thrusters − 8 Separation Retrorockets
• Mars Science Lab − 8 MR 111C ACS thrusters − 8 MR107U RCS thrusters − 8 MR 80B Lander engines
Atlas 5 MSL launch Eight months Transit to Mars; November 26, 2011 Landed August 5, 2012
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 21 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ARRIVAL OF CURIOSITY ON MARS – AUGUST 5, 2012
Curiosity Lift Off Cape Canaveral, Florida Curiosity Rover 10:02 a.m. EST Nov. 26, 2011 Sky Crane with Aerojet’s thrusters firing
12 CENTAUR UPPER STAGE THRUSTERS, 6-9 lbf each (REDMOND)
4 SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS (SACRAMENTO) 8 MR-111C 1.0 lbf THRUSTERS 380,000 lbf of thrust EACH at liftoff (REDMOND)
8 SEPARATION MOTORS 8 MR-107U 68 lbf THRUSTERS 8 MR-80B 700 to 7 lbf THROTTLING DESCENT THRUSTERS (CAMDEN, AR) (REDMOND) (REDMOND BUILT, SACRAMENTO TESTED) 2011-H-4231 Approved for Public Release and Export 22 MSL: A Nuclear Powered SUV
Aptly named Curiosity by Clara Ma, Lenexa, KA
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 23 Those 7 minutes of terror in detail
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 24 On the Ground at Bradbury Station from Curiosity’s Family Album
The landing – 05. Aug. 2012 the aftermath
Help came from many sources: photo courtesy of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 25 Where Is Curiosity Now?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 26 Amazing…
A partial solar eclipse: Phobos
Signs of flowing water
“Hottah” location
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 27 Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission (MAVEN)
Launched: November 18, 2013 Mars Orbit Insertion: September 21, 2014
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 28 Launched: May 5, 2018 InSight Landing: November 26, 2019
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 29 Mars 2020—Launching July 2020
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 30 Questions?
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 31
A GenCorp Company
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 33
Enabling Exploration of the Solar System
Phase 0 Demonstrate technologies Mars Ascent
~250 ~250 miles Vehicle
| | and conduct research to 12 12 months - support exploration • Deep Space Technologies Transit NTP or Chemical
• Human Health Habitat
Earth Reliant Earth
Missions: 6 Missions:
Return: Hours Hours Return:
Phase 1 Demonstrate Critical Crew Route Systems near Moon & Mars • Orion
Orion Mars Lander
12 12 months
-
~240,000 ~240,000 miles • Space Launch System
| • Exploration Habitat • Solar Electric Propulsion SLS Crew
Vehicle
Missions: 1 Missions:
Proving Proving Ground Return: Days Days Return: Phase 2 Validate Mars-Class Systems
and Operational Readiness • Lunar Science SEP • Lunar Landing SLS Cargo Vehicle – International
• Simulated Mars mission 3 3 years
- Robotic Route
~140 miles~140 million
| Robotic Deep Space Exploration
Phase 3+ Missions: 2 Missions: Journey to the Mars System
Earth IndependentEarth and Beyond Return: Months Return:
2018 2019 - 2021 2019 - 2022 2022 - 2024 2023 - 2028 2023 - 2029 2027- 2033 First Integrated Human mission High-Power SEP Demo Establish Cislunar SEP Cargo Transfer Mars Crew Vehicle Human Mission Launch of SLS & Orion Circling the Moon Outpost to Mars Demonstration to Mars (NTP/Chemical)
Construx Software Leadership Summit 2018 34 Moon & Mars are GatewaysAerojet Rocketdyne to Broader Proprietary Solar Information System Exploration 34