Historical and Linguistic System of Turkic Names and Some Specific Features of Creating Vocabulary
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HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF TURKIC NAMES... Man InHISTORICAL India, 97 (18) : 443-456 AND LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF TURKIC© SerialsNAMES... Publications443 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF TURKIC NAMES AND SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CREATING VOCABULARY Bekzhan Abduali* Zhanar Moldalukuzu Konuratbayeva** Gulnafis Tokenovna Abikenova*** Gulnaz Tokenovna Karipzhanova**** Ramilya Kamilovna Sagdieva***** Damir Haydarovich Husnutdinov****** Ramil Hamitovich Mirzagitov******* and Liliya Minnullovna Giniyatullina******** Abstract: This article envisages names of Turkic origin to determine its genealogic and historic links with other relative names, to clarify the exact transcription of the names, by involving phonetic variants if possible, to find out the original word (root), and to create a vocabulary of Turkic names. The authors are studying the names of the Turkic nationalities and distinctive difference in the sound forms of each nationality, analyzing the universal property of the anthroponym formation system. The structure of the languages of the Turkic nationalities is common, and the system of anthroponyms, which is an integral part of any language, is characterized by common features in all Turkic languages. Relative and spiritually close nations united by religious ideas are characterized with similar anthroponyms, because proper names of the Turkic origin, as well as Arab and Persian borrowings account for the major part of items preserved in the lexical composition. A lot of such names encourage creation of a dictionary of Turkic names. On the basis of creation of such dictionary of Turkic names, people may be differed from each other, natural specificity of names can be developed, and they can be integrated into certain groups. Detailed analysis of Kazakh names with Turkic origin and identification of the historic and linguistic system of Turkic names are still in the phase of research, despite extensive amount of scientific works. Creation of the dictionary of Turkic names requires identification of the vocabulary of Turkic origin names preserved and continuously used from ancient times, as well as common names taken from the Arab and Persian languages, as well as research into characteristic phonetic peculiarities and orthographic standards of each language. It is said that a nation is united by call, and each person identifies himself/herself through sounding of his/her name in the native language. Thus, for the purposes of Propaganda of the best examples of culture of naming and name-creation of Turkic peoples, as well as for strengthening the continuity of historical roots, it is necessary to create a dictionary of Turkic names. Keywords: Anthroponyms, anthroponim forming process, historical linguistic system, origin, dictionary, Turkic names. * Full professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, 010000, Astana, Kazhymukan Street, 11, 87013847171, E-mail: [email protected] ** Associate professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, 010000, Astana, Kazhymukan Street, 11, 87013847171, E-mail: [email protected] *** Associate professor Kazakh innovational humanitarian University of low Kazakhstan, 071400, Semey Galeto, Street, 51, 87079891973, E-mail: [email protected] **** Associate professor, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University Kazakhstan, 140000, Pavlodar, Lomov Street, 64, 87751760588, E-mail: [email protected] ***** Associate professor, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation,420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, 89033066652, E-mail: [email protected] ****** Associate professor (corresponding author), Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation, 420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, 89046646819, E-mail: [email protected] ******* Associate professor Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation,420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, 89625592706, E-mail: [email protected] ******** Associate professor, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation,420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, 89196319921, E-mail: [email protected] 444 MAN IN INDIA INTRODUCTION Names are used for people not only to differentiate them from each other, but also to group and unite them into a common system. R.F. Spenser notes that it is the name by means of which it is possible to identify a nation, the social structure of a country and interrelations between people in the society (Spenser, 1961). For example, the basic form of name components has a link with the traditions of a definite nation, but is differs in its sound form. This interlink has been traced from ancient times, and it has survived until nowadays. The book “Muslim Names” contains many names of different nations with no regard to special features of the languages (Muslim Names, 2009). The main objective of the dictionary is to take into account the spiritual and cultural links between the nations and various meanings of names in different languages. The system of Turkic names has undergone and conveyed multiple processes on the way of its formation and existence. The process of formation of the main lexical part of the words included names which came from the Persian, Turkic and Arab languages. Many words are currently changed according to the language formation laws. It is known that new forms are created through joining different components and ways of combinations. Some part of names used by Turkic nations is applied in an independent meaning, and sometimes, in an additional meaning. For example, the component ay (moon) in such names as Nuray and Dosay is used as a component, and it is used independently in such names as Aynur and Aydos. Such words as bay, batyr, bek (begim), bi, gul, dos, zhan, zhuldyz, zat (zada), kel, kun, kal, men, nur, sultan, teniz, tokta, tur, khan (khanym) and sholpan are actively used in composing anthroponyms. In the system of Turkic anthroponyms, the historical role of these forms is preserved nowadays. In compiling the dictionary, it is necessary to take into account the linguistic nature of stable components, as well as the specific features of components of the system of anthroponyms made up through centuries, and to rely on the system of anthroponyms. The Russian scientist V.A. Nikonov, in his article about Uighur names, noted that 870 names could be formed out of 30 composite components. If we add such names as Bektemir and Temirbek, Dilmurad – Muradil, their number will grow (Nikonov, 1984). This anthroponym formation system is applicable not only to Uighurs, but also to all Turkic nations. For example, in the Uzbek language there are such names as Beknazar – Nazarbek, Berdinazar – Nazarberdi, Nurgul – Gulnur etc. The above names were formed by this system (Begmatov, 2010). This anthroponym formation system is also seen in the composition of Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogai, Tatar and Bashkir names (Turkic Names, 2012). HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF TURKIC NAMES... 445 RELATED WORKS In linguistics, there is a huge number of research theses studying the vocabulary of the Turkic languages (А. Kaydar, L. Budagov, V.V. Radlov, E.K. Pekarskiy, А. Nadzhip, E.I. Fazylov, А. Kurashzhanov, А.K. Borovkov, А.М. Shcherbak, E.V. Sevortyan) and ordering Turkic names into a specific system. (Alakuz, 2007; Korableva and Kalimullina, 2014; Latyshev and Akhmetshin, 2015; Mullakhmetov et al., 2015). However, the lexical composition of names in the Turkic languages still requires detailed research within a wide range of comparative studies, as well as creation of a dictionary giving the Turkic worldview of today’s new stems of names or anthroponyms. According to the thesis of Zh. Baptist, creation of such dictionary requires some special approach and method, capitalization of words and expressions, and correct choice of explanations for keywords etc. (Baptist et al, 2006). А.А. Reformatskiy noted in his thesis the necessity for differentiation between dictionaries through their division into encyclopaedic, language and linguistic (Reformatskiy, 1999; Sazanov and Akhmetshin, 2016; Akhmetshin and Vasilev, 2016). In the Turkic languages, a great number of dictionaries on names of people have been created. For example, explanatory dictionaries of personal names have been published: the dictionary of Kazakh names “Esimder Syry. Secrets of Names” by T. Zhanuzak (Zhanuzak, 2004), the dictionary “Kazakh names” composed by B.Zh. Zhusipova (Zhusipova, 2005), the “Explanatory Dictionary of Tatar Names” composed by Sh. Sagautdinov (Sagautdinov, 1998), “Kumyk Personal Names: Origin and Meaning” by Gadzhiahmedov N.E., Guseynov G-R A.-K. (Gadzhiahmedov et al, 2004), “Uzbek Isimlari” by E.A. Begmatov (Uzbek Isimlarimanosi, 2010). At the same time, the dictionaries “Kazak Esimderi. Kazakh Names (reference dictionary)” compiled by Т. Zhanuzakov and K. Espaeva were published (Zhanuzakov et al, 1988), “Names of Peoples in Kazakhstan: Reference Book for Registry Offices, Village and Township Councils of People’s Deputies and Passport Offices” (Names of Peoples in Kazakhstan, 1991); additionally, the list of Bashkir and Tatar names (Shaykhulov et al, 2006; Korableva and Kalimullina, 2016; Korableva et al., 2017; Magsumov, 2013) given at the end of the Nogai-Russian Dictionary (Nogai-Russian Dictionary, 1963) and containing Nogai names, as well as the list of Karachay-Balkar names at the end of the Karachay-Balkar-Russian Dictionary (Karachay-Balkar-Russian Dictionary 1989) etc. serve as exhibits to the thesis by A.V. Shaykhulov and Z.M. Raemguzhina “Bashkir and Tatar Personal Names of Turkic Origin”. 446 MAN IN INDIA