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Home , Ecological design, Landscape architecture, Landscape design, Regenerative design, Sustainable design

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Lee R. Skabelund /Regional & Community Planning Kansas State University

July 19, 2007

Dialogue on Sustainability : What is it?

The practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their (or sites) use and harvest energy, water, and materials, while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment via good siting, , , operation, maintenance, and future removal or renovation.

Adapted from Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building Green Building & Construction

avoids resource depletion (energy, water, and raw materials); prevents environmental degradation (caused by facilities and throughout their life cycle); and creates built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, and productive

Whole Guide, National Institute of Building (NIBS) http://www.wbdg.org/design/sustainable.php Six Fundamental Principles

 Optimize Site Potential  Optimize Energy Use  Protect and Conserve Water  Use Environmentally Preferable Products  Enhance Environmental Quality  Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices

Whole Building Design Guide, NIBS Top Strategies for Building Green

 Choose a Sustainable Site  Maximize  Save Energy  Make Smart Use of Materials and Resources  Safeguard Environmental Quality

Natural Resources Defense Council “Building Green: From Principle to Practice” www.nrdc.org/buildinggreen/strategies/default.asp Sustainable Sites and

 Build on land previously used (brownfields, grayfields, and other areas with older buildings, parking lots, etc.).  Protect existing (structure & functions).  Use native and adapted -tolerant .  Integrate natural features for amenity and function.  Minimize building/paving footprints.  Minimize earthmoving, compaction, and soil erosion.  Fully use sun, prevailing winds, and existing vegetation.  Maintain the natural hydroperiod of the site.  Minimize impervious areas and use permeable paving.  Use management techniques to assist with on-site and regional and recharge.  Minimize heat-island effects.  Eliminate light pollution.

Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery by Charles Kibert (2005, pp. 141-142) 10 Principles of Sustainable Landscape Construction

 Keep sites healthy (ecologically intact).  Heal injured sites.  Favor living, flexible materials.  Respect the waters of life.  Pave less.  Consider the origin and fate of materials.  Know the costs of energy over time.  Celebrate light, respect darkness.  Defend silence (attenuate noise).  Maintain to sustain (minimize maintenance and , , and demands).

Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Buildings Outdoors by J. William Thompson & Kim Sorvig (2000). Sustainable Sites Initiative Goals:  Establish a standard for sustainable site design that includes baseline thresholds for performance in specific areas and clearly defined metrics.  Link research and practice.  Advance best management practices  Continue discussions with USGBC to integrate Sustainable Sites standards into existing LEED tools.  Consider a future option for a site-only LEED tool.  Promote awareness of sustainability standards and their relevance in the marketplace.  Encourage adoption of sustainability standards through market incentives.

American Society of Landscape (ASLA) and Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center http://www.sustainablesites.org/ Sustainable Sites will address: efficiency for the private landowner and improved quality of the surrounding environment, maximizing conservation potential & sustainability for:

– Design plantings & for efficient water use.  Water Quality – Design structures, slopes and surfaces to minimize stormwater runoff and replenish & groundwater. Use plants to filter out or capture water-borne pollutants.  and Native Species – Establish and protect areas of biological richness through the use of native plants.  Resource & – Select healthy, long- lived specimens. Minimize travel distances for materials. Design sites that do not require energy-intensive maintenance to remain healthy and attractive.  – Minimize soil compaction and soil loss during and after the construction process.  Air Quality – Use plants to capture airborne pollutants, provide shade, and temper summer heat and winter wind/cold.

(Adapted from “Defining A Sustainable Site” www.landdevelopmenttoday.com/Article750.htm) ASLA Policy Statements on Sustainability & Related Topics

Landscape architects (as planners, , and managers) should share and encourage between colleagues, professionals from other disciplines, public officials and community leaders, clients, developers, contractors, manufacturers, and suppliers to: ● Enhance the understanding of and strengthen the integral relationship between natural processes and human activity and how the concept of sustainable design fits into everyday life. ● Improve practices, processes, procedures, products, and services that link long-term sustainable considerations and development. ● Examine policies, regulations, and standards in industry and government to identify barriers to the implementation of the principles of . ● Encourage community and business leaders to bring the existing built and natural environments up to sustainable development standards and reflect the ideals of sustainability in the design, planning, and management of their communities. source: www.asla.org/members/publicaffairs/Policy/Environmental_Sustainability.pdf see also: www.asla.org/members/publicaffairs/publicpolicy.html Sustainable Design & Building Practices

KSU (Solar Decathlon & International Student Center Rain-) Oberlin College - Oberlin, Ohio (Adam J. Lewis Center) University of Oregon (Lillis Business Complex) Pomona, CA (Center for Regenerative Studies) Annapolis, MD (Chesapeake Bay Foundation) Windhoek, Namibia, South Africa ( Research & Development Center) Portland, OR (Water Pollution Control Laboratory & Green-Streets) Snowmass, CO (Rocky Mountain Institute) Surrey, UK (BedZED Mixed-Use) Ocean Springs, MS (Constructed Wetlands) Long Island, NY (Avalon & Preserve) Baltimore County, MD (Spring Branch Creek Restoration) Austin, TX (Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center) Salt Lake , UT (Utah House) Portland, OR ( Center) Kansas City, MO (Discovery Center) Elmhurst, IL (IEPA/CDF Greenroof)

See also: www.architecture2030.org/regional_solutions/case_studies.html Selected References & Three Project Sketches

 Energy-Conserving Site Design Gregory McPherson, American Society of Landscape Architects, Washington, DC, 1984, 326 pp.  for Sustainable Development John Tillman Lyle, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1994, 338 pp  Sim Van der Ryn, Stuart Cowan, Island Press, Washington, DC, 1996, 201 pp.  The Once and Future Forest: A Guide to Forest Restoration Strategies Leslie Jones Sauer & Andropogon Associates, Island Press, Washington, DC, 1996, 381 pp.  Rapid Watershed Planning Handbook: Guide for Managing Urbanizing Watersheds Deb Caraco, Center for Watershed Protection, 1999  The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design Sandra Mendler, AIA, William Odell, AIA, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2002, 412 pp.  Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Buildings Outdoors J. William Thompson, Kim Sorvig, Island Press, Washington, DC, 2000, 348 pp.  Gaia’s Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Toby Hemenway, Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction, VT, 2001, 222 pp.  : Designing with Native Plant Communities, Second Edition John Diekelmann, Robert Schuster, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2002, 301 pp.  Regenerative Design Techniques: Practical Applications in Pete Melby, Tom Cathcart, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2002, 410 pp.  Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery Charles Kibert, , John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2002, 434 pp.  Soil Design Protocols for Landscape Architects and Contractors Timothy A. Craul, Phillip J. Craul, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2002, 339 pp.  Handbook of Water Sensitive Planning and Design Robert France, Lewis Publishers, 2002  Porous Pavements Bruce K. Ferguson, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005, 600 pp.  Green Roofs: Ecological Design and Construction Earth Pledge Foundation, Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2005, 158 pp.  The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design Alison G. Kwok, AIA & Walter Grondzik, PE, Architectural Press/Elsevier, NY, 2007, 378 pp. Water-sensitive site Roof water is planning/design project collected in carved ASLA 2004 award winner stone basins, then drains into a grated channel before cascading over a five-foot stone-faced retaining wall. The learning lab and Design by Jones & Jones – Planners, auditorium buildings Architects & Landscape Architects expand onto the courtyard, which is paved with stone, subtly-colored sandblasted concrete, and tile artifacts (historically manufactured in the watershed). Surrounding forest and meadows are pulled into the courtyard and onto building roofs.

Cedar River Watershed Education Center - Seattle, WA Source: www.asla.org Water-sensitive site A new road reveals planning/design project previously hidden Andropogon Associates, Ltd. landscapes.

A new parking lot integrates multiple functions: parking, water collection, and horticultural display. The lot includes an impervious asphalt roadway, with permeable asphalt parking bays off to the sides. A stormwater recharge bed lies under the entire lot. When it rains, water rapidly disappears through the permeable paving and into the underground basin where it infiltrates Morris into the ground. Source: www.asla.org Water-sensitive site planning/design project Coffee Creek, Chesterton, Indiana Sources: www.coffeecreekwc.org/pages/showgallery_visitor.asp (photos) www.coffeecreekcenter.com/ (text) Stream Employing Environmental Restoration of the Coffee Creek corridor is being implemented with guidance from biologists who understand the local & regional landscape. spreaders and vegetation infiltrate water into the soil. The project employs without traditional expensive and destructive stormwater drainage – and provides a

wide range of shared community open within a 167-acre preserve. Level Spreader slows runoff

Wetland Cell Prairie treats sewage Greenroof Restoring Native Ecosystems and “Unbuilt areas are being restored to a pre-settlement landscape to minimize soil erosion and rebuild soil integrity, re-establish native plant & animal communities and encourage increased bio-diversity.” Water-sensitive site planning/design project Coffee Creek, Chesterton, Indiana Source: www.coffeecreekwc.org/pages/showgallery_visitor.asp

Managing & Monitoring Site Systems Monitoring reports are prepared for water quality, fish, Watershed Preserve Trails Map birds and vegetation. Fire is used to maintain the prairie. Kansas City Discovery Center Spring 2006 photos – lrs Go to: http://mdc.mo.gov/areas/kcmetro/discovery/

Teaching in a holistic manner… Fall 2004 KSU-LAR Stormwater Management

Fall 2006 photos – lrs Potential Stormwater Management Retrofits near KSU’s Derby Dining Center

Moore Hall/Claflin Rd. ISC/Residence Bioretention Area (Spring ’09?) Hall Raingardens, Amphitheater & Pathways (Fall 2009 charrette; Summer 2010 implementation?) Derby Haymaker & Green International Ford Hall Roof * Student Center Bioretention Raingarden (Spring 2007) (Fall ’08?)

* Collaborative West & Ford Hall Parking Retrofit Project with BNIM and other firms (Summer ’09 construction?) (Fall 2007 Studio Project; Construction date TBD; includes designing a for Seaton Boyd Hall/Old Claflin Rd. Hall’s West Wing walkout) Raingarden (Fall ’07 / Spring ’08 implementation?) Restoring Hydrologic Processes along Campus Creek The KSU International Student Center Design/Build Raingarden Demonstration Project

July 16, 2007 Spring 2007 Construction Photos

Project inspired by KSU-LAR Stormwater Management Charrette (Oct. 2006)