[August 2016] Page 1
DONALD L SPARKS, PhD 191 Smith Street, Charleston, South Carolina, 29403, USA Munchner Strasse 605, 6100 Seefeld in Tirol, Austria Phone (USA:) +1.843.860.8128 + Phone (Austria): +43.069.911.241.393 Skype: donald.lee.sparks + E-mail: [email protected]
PERSONAL
Born May 23, 1953, South Carolina, USA; Married to Katherine Saenger, DVM; daughter Sarah born 1980; son Laker born 1987.
EMPLOYMENT
Professor of International Economics, School of Business, The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA (1998-Present; Associate Professor 1991-98; Assistant Professor 1986-91).
Senior Consulting Associate (Sub-Saharan Africa), Office of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC (2009-present).
University Lecturer, International Business and Law Programme, Management Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (2011-present).
Director, Charleston Council for International Visitors, Charleston, SC (2011-present).
Fulbright Specialist, Department of Economics, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (October-December 2015).
Visiting Professor of Economics, Stetson University, School of Business Summer Program, Innsbruck, Austria (July-August each summer, 2000-2010).
Member, Fulbright Specialist Program, Economics Review Committee (2007-2011).
Fulbright Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Slovenia (Spring semester 2005; on leave from the Citadel).
Fulbright Senior Specialist, Department of Economics, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland (August 2003).
Department Chairman and Visiting Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt (Academic year 2000-2001; on leave from the Citadel).
Fulbright Professor of Economics. Department of Economics, University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland (Academic year 1996-97; on leave from the Citadel).
Associate Director, International Studies Program, Institute for Public Affairs and Policy Studies, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC (1985-1986).
Director, Program for International Cooperation in Marine Development, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC (1984-85; on secondment from the US Department of State, 1982-83).
Regional Economist for Africa, Office of Economic Analysis, US Department of State, Washington, DC (1977-84; on secondment to the SC Sea Grant Consortium, 1982-84).
Research Assistant, Mansell Publishers, Ltd, London, UK (1976-77).
Staff Assistant, Senator Ernest F Hollings, Washington, DC (1974-76).
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EDUCATION
Cert.HE in Philosophy, University of London under supervision of Department of Philosophy, Birkbeck College (expected completion May 2017).
PhD, University of London, under the supervision of the Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies (1985).
MA, University of London, under the supervision of the Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies (1977).
BA, George Washington University, Washington, DC, International Affairs Major (1976). Completed courses in economics and/or African Studies at Howard University, Georgetown University and University of California, Los Angeles.
CONSULTANCIES & FELLOWSHIPS
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, Austria. United Nations Council for Namibia, New York, New York. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. Economist Intelligence Unit, London, UK. Business International, London, UK. Frost & Sullivan Political Risk Forecasts, Inc, New York. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. J William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Award. Citadel Development Foundation, Charleston, South Carolina. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, South Carolina. South Carolina Coastal Conservation League, Charleston, South Carolina. The Atlantic Exchange Fellowship, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.
PUBLICATIONS TEXTS & BOOK-LENGTH PUBLICATIONS
Microeconomics: Principles and Applications (Sixth Edition). With James Willis & Martin Primack. Redding, Calif: CT Publishing, 1997 (First Edition, 1988, Second Edition 1989, Third Edition 1993, Fourth Edition, 1994, Fifth Edition 1996). [These editions are updates and revisions of previous editions by Willis and Primack. Sparks’ contribution was adding new material, updating, and revising.]
Namibia: The Nation After Independence. (With December Green) Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Namibia: Industrial Development at Independence (Industrial Development Review Series). (Principle author) Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1990.
Macroeconomics: Principles and Applications. With James Willis & Martin Primack. Redding, Calif: CAT Publishing, 1989. [This edition is an update of a previous edition by Willis and Primack. Sparks’ contribution was adding new material, updating, and revising.]
Marine Resources as a Base for Industrial Development: Problems and Prospects in The Western Indian Ocean Island States. Consultant Report (Principle author). Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1985.
Namibia's Future: The Economy at Independence. (With Roger Murray) (EIU Special Report Number 197) London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1985.
[August 2016] Page 3 Final Report: Regional Workshop for Coastal and Marine Management and Protection in East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Charleston, SC: South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium/International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1984.
Programme for Action: Report on a Management Strategy for the Conservation and Development of Coastal and Marine Resources in East Africa and the Indian Ocean Region (edited, with James Dobbin and Dan Finn), Charleston, SC: South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium/International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1984.
PUBLICATIONS PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES
“Preventing Premature Deindustrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Importance of the Road Transportation Sector”, in Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, April 2016, p. 218-234.
“Will Sub-Saharan Africa Meet the Millennium Development Goals and Does it Matter?”, in Research in Applied Economics, Volume 5, Number 1, March 2013, p. 98-107.
“Large Scale Land Acquisitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The New Scramble? “, in International Business and Economic Research Journal, Volume 11, Number 6, p.687-696, June 2012.
“India and China’s Growing Economic Involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa”, in Journal of African Studies and Development, April 2011.
“The Informal Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: Out of the Shadows to Foster Sustainable Employment and Equity?” [With Steve Barnett], International Business and Economics Research Journal, Volume 9, Number 5, May 2010, p.1-11.
“The Challenge of Assessing Faculty Intellectual Contributions” [with Steve Barnett], E-Business Review, Volume IX, 2009, p. 15-21.
“Electronic Payments in Sub Saharan Africa: Will Mobile Telephony Accounts Systems be the Next Leapfrog Technology for Development?”, International Review of Business Research Papers, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2008, p.325-336
“The Future of Monetary Integration in Southern Africa: Lessons from the European Monetary Union?” [with Richard Dutu] in Journal of African Policy Studies. Volume 10, Number 1, 2004, p.19-53.
"Globalization and Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Promise of Shared Prosperity Ever be Realized?", Journal of African Policy Studies. Volume 9, Number 1, 2003, p.71-81 [Earlier version published in the Proceedings of Annual Research Conference, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, 2003, p.49-58]
“The Future of Monetary Integration in Southern Africa: Should SADC Join the Rand Monetary Area?” in Malliaris, M and Anastasios, M (eds). The Global Economy: Financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries. Toronto: APF Press, 2003, p.110-125.
“Developing the Mining and Tourism Sectors in Namibia: Providing Lessons for the Region”, Economic Digest, the Journal of the Economics Association of Swaziland, Volume 7, Number 4, December 1996, p.1-16.
"The Peace Dividend: Southern Africa After Apartheid”, in Indicator South Africa, Volume 10, Number 2, Autumn, 1993, p. 27-32.
"The Economic Consequences for Southern Africa after Apartheid: The Regional Costs and Benefits", in Economic Digest, Quarterly Journal of the Economics Association of Swaziland, Volume 3, Number 2, June 1992, p. 15-72.
[August 2016] Page 4 "Namibia's Coastal and Marine Resources Potential" in African Affairs, The Journal of the Royal African Society, January 1985, p. 477-496.
PUBLICATIONS BOOK CHAPTERS
“Economic Trends in Africa South of the Sahara", in Africa South of the Sahara 2016 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2015, p.3-15. Chapters in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988.
"Lesotho: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara 2015 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014, p. 676-680. Chapter in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013.
"Malawi: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara 2016 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014, p. 756-761. Chapter in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013.
"Mauritius: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara 2016 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014 p. 827-832. Chapters in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988.
"Namibia: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara 2016 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014, p. 890-895. Chapters in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988.
"Seychelles: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara 2015 (45th Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014, p. 1074-1077. Chapters in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988.
“Swaziland: Economy”, in Africa South of the Sahara 2016 (45thd Edition) London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2014, p.1231-1235. Chapters in previous editions: 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996.
"Madagascar", in Oxford Companion to Politics of the World (3rd Edition). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 553-554.
"Indian Ocean Region", in Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, p. 571-573.
"Swaziland", in The World Book Encyclopedia, 2004.
"Indian Ocean Region", in Oxford Companion to Politics of the World (2nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 388-390.
"Madagascar", in Oxford Companion to Politics of the World (2nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 514-515.
"Indian Ocean Region", in Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 418-421.
[August 2016] Page 5 "Madagascar", in Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 553-554.
"Reunion: History", in Africa South of the Sahara 1988 (17th Edition) London: Europa Publications, 1987, p.796-797.
"Reunion: Economy", in Africa South of the Sahara, 1988 (17th Edition) London: Europa Publications, 1987, p. 797-798.
"Seychelles: Recent History", in Africa South of the Sahara, 1988 (17th Edition) London: Europa Publications, 1987, p. 846-848.
"Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Efforts in East Africa and the Indian Ocean", in Stone, J C, Africa and the Sea . (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University, 1985), p. 304-317.
PUBLICATIONS NON-PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES
“Spillovers from Slower Growth in the BRICS and the New Development Bank: Some Important Questions for sub-Saharan Africa”; “The Youth Bulge in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Growth and Stability”; “When Nations Close Their Borders to Trade: A Smoot Hawley Revival?”, in Global Trends, National Intelligence Council, Washington, DC April 2016.
"Marine Resources Development Potential in the Western Indian Ocean Island States", in Central Bank of Seychelles Quarterly Review, November 1986 (Serialized in Seychelles Nation, November 26, 1986, December 3, 1986, December 10, 1986, December 17, 1986, December 24, 1986, January 7, 1987, January 14, 1987).
"Namibia's Future: Prospects for the Economy and Foreign Involvement" in Multinational Business, London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, Number 1, 1983, p.11-21.
Numerous economic studies published by the US Department of State for distribution to US embassies worldwide and selected government foreign affairs agencies (1977-84).
BOOK REVIEWS
Book Review of Smith, Daniel Jordan. A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular Discontent in Nigeria. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007, in Africa Today, Volume 54, Number 4, Summer 2008, p. 114-116.
Book Review Taylor, Scott D. Business and the State in Southern Africa. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2007, in African Affairs, The Journal of the Royal African Society, Volume 107, Number 428, July 2008, p.496-497.
Book Review of Louw, P Eric. The Rise, Fall and Legacy of Apartheid. London: Praeger 2004, in African Studies Review, Volume 48, Number 3, December 2005, p. 206-209.
Book Review of Allen, Garth and Brennan, Frank. Tourism in the New South Africa: Social Responsibility and the Tourist Experience. London: Tauris, 2004, in African Studies Review, Volume 48, Number 2, September 2005, p.147-148.
Book Review of Boone, Catherine. Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, in Africa Today, Volume 52, Number 1, Fall 2005, p.125-126.
Book Review of Gonzo, Webster and Plattner, I E, Unemployment in an African Country: A Psychological Perspective. Windhoek: University of Namibia Press, 2003, in African Studies Review, Volume 47, Number 1, April 2004, p.222-223.
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Book Review of Amila Toulmin, Philippe Delville and Samba Traore (eds.). The Dynamics of Resource Tenure in West Africa. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002, in African Studies Review, Volume 46, Number 2, September 2003, p.116- 117.
Book Review of Bowen, Merle L, The State Against the Peasantry: Rural Struggles in Colonial and Postcolonial Mozambique. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000, in Africa Today, Volume 48, Number 4, Winter 2002, p.125-126.
Book Review of Iheduru, Obioma M (ed), Contending Issues in African Development: Advances, Challenges and the Future. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001, in Africa Today, Volume 48, Number 2, Summer 2002, p. 163-164.
Book Review of Elbadawi, Ibrahim A and Hartzenberg, Trudi (eds), Development Issues in South Africa. New York: St Martins Press, 2000, in African Studies Review, December 2001, Volume 44, Number 3, p. 102-104.
Book review of Thirtle, Colin, van Zyl, Johan and Vink, Nick (eds). South African Agriculture at the Crossroads: An Empirical Analysis of Efficiency, Technology and Productivity. New York: St Martins Press, 2000, in African Studies Review, December 2001, Volume 44, Number 3, p. 104- 105.
Book Review of Paolo Tripodi, The Colonial Legacy in Somalia. Rome and Mogadishu: from Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999, in African Studies Review, December 1999, p.140-141.
Book Review of Pendleton, W C, Katutura: A Place Where We Stay; Life in a Post-Apartheid Township in Namibia. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1996, in African Affairs: Journal of the Royal African Society, Volume 96, Number 383, April 1997, p.300-301.
Book Review of Perrings, Charles, Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation in sub- Saharan Africa: The Case of Botswana. London: Macmillan Press, 1996, in Journal of African Policy Studies, Volume 2, Number 2/3, 1996, p.91-93.
Book Review of Alladin, Ibrahim, Economic Miracle in the Indian Ocean: Can Mauritius Lead the Way? Rose Hill: Editions de l’Ocean Indien Lyee, 1993, in African Studies Review, Volume 39, Number 3, 1996, p.196-198.
Book review of World Bank, Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead. A World Bank Policy Research Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994) in African Studies Review, December 1995, p. 113-114.
Book Review of Milner, Chris and Rayner, A J. Policy Adjustment in Africa: Case Studies in Economic Development (New York: St Martin's Press, 1992), in Studies in Comparative International Development , Spring 1993, p. 90-92.
Book Review of James, V U. Resource Management in Developing Countries: Africa's Ecological and Economic Problems (New York: Bergin & Garvey, 1991), in Studies in Comparative International Development , Spring 1993, p. 89-90.
Book Review of Pryor, F L. The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Malawi and Madagascar (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), in African Studies Review Volume 35, Number 3, 1992, p.144-146.
Book Review of Ndegwa, Philip, Africa's Development Crisis (London: James Curey, 1985), in Geneve-Afrique, Journal of the Swiss Society of African Studies, Volume XXIV, Number 1, 1986.
Book Review of Hyden, Goran, No Shortcut to Progress: African Development Management in Perspective, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983) in Geneva Africa, Journal of the Swiss Society of African Studies, Vol. XXIII, No. 1, 1985.
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Book Review of Adedeji, Adebayo (ed.), Indigenization of African Economics (New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1981) in Journal of Developing Areas, Volume 18, Number 2, 1984.
Book Review of Coulson, Andrew, Tanzania: A Political Economy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982) in Journal of Developing Areas, Volume 19, Number 1, 1983.
Book Review of McHenry, Dean, Tanzania's Ujamaa Villages: The Implementation of a Rural Development Strategy (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1979) in African Economic History, Number 9, 1980.
GRADUATE RESEARCH
"South Africa's Economic Relations with Africa: A Case Study of Malawi". Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1985. (Available at Senate House Library, University of London.)
"Aspects of Ujamaa Villages in Tanzania." Unpublished Masters Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1977. (Available at Department of Economics, SOAS, University of London.)
CONFERENCE PAPER PRESENTATIONS
“The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2063: Implications for Economic Integration in Africa”, paper presented to the Business and Social Sciences Research Conference, London, UK April, 2016.
“Preventing Premature De-Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Importance of the Transportation Sector”, paper presented to the Fourth Congress of African Economists, Accra, Ghana, November 2015.
“The Impossible Art of Governing in Sub-Saharan Africa”, paper presented to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, December, 2012.
“When the Elephants Fight, It’s the Grass that Suffers: Will China and India’s Scramble in Africa Intensify the Resource Curse”, paper presented to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, December, 2010.
“The Challenge of Assessing Faculty Intellectual Contributions: Results from a Preliminary Exploration”, (with Steve Barnett and Gary Waissi), paper presented to the International Academy of E-Business 9th Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 2009; an earlier version of this paper was presented to the Academy of Business Education annual conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina, September, 2008.
“The Future of Monetary Integration in Southern Africa: Lessons from the European Monetary Union?” with Richard Dutu, Paper presented to the First Congress of African Economists, hosted by the African Union, Nairobi, Kenya, March 2009. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the German Central Bank, Frankfurt, Germany, July, 2004.
“Electronic Payments in Sub Saharan Africa: Will Mobile Telephony Accounts Systems be the Next Leapfrog Technology for Development?” paper presented to the Fifth International Business Research Conference, Dubai, UAE, April, 2007.
"Globalization and Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Promise of Shared Prosperity Ever be Realized?", paper presented to the Annual Research Conference, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, April, 2003.
[August 2016] Page 8 “The Future of Monetary Integration in Southern Africa: Will SADC Join the Rand Monetary Area?” paper presented to the international conference, "Exchange Rates, Economic Integration and the International Economy", Department of Economics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, May 2002, and an earlier version was presented to the conference, “Conflicts in Monetary Unions”, Universitat Gesamthschschule Kassel, Germany, April, 2001.
"Segmentation vs. Integration of Capital Markets in Developing and Transition Economies", paper presented by Dr Nurmagambetov, discussant for to the international conference, "Exchange Rates, Economic Integration and the International Economy", Department of Economics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, May, 2002.
“Global Commodity Price Fluctuations and the Impacts on African Economies: A Case Study of Gold and South Africa” [with Stephen T Barnett] paper presented to the African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific, International Conference, Perth Australia, November, 1999.
"International Official Gold Reserves and the South African Economy: The End of the Midas Touch?", [with Stephen T Barnett] paper presented to the African Studies Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1998 and presented earlier to the "International Conference on Defense Economics and Security in the Mediterranean Basin and in Sub-Saharan Africa", Centre of African and Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, May, 1998.
"Africa’s Economic Crisis: When Will It End?”, paper presented to the Eight World Congress of Social Economists, Charleston, South Carolina, August, 1996.
“Differentiating Restaurant Startups: A Conceptional Framework” [with Dr George Vozikis], paper presented to the Academy of Entrepreneurship, Nassau Bahamas, November, 1995.
“Mining Sector and Environmental Conservation in Namibia: Providing Lessons for the Region”, paper presented to the African Studies Association and Canadian Studies Association annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, November, 1994; to the Office of Economic Analysis, Department of State, Washington, DC May 1995; and, to the Economics Association of Swaziland, October, 1996.
"Southern Africa After Apartheid: Economic Consequences for the Region", paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, St Louis, Missouri, November, 1991.
"Labor and the Political Economy of South Africa", panel chairman, African Studies Association annual meeting, St Louis, Missouri, November, 1991.
"Annual Conference on Development Economics 1991", invited participant, The World Bank, Washington, DC, April, 1991.
"Industrial Growth and Development in Namibia: Prospects for Internal Growth and Regional Cooperation", paper presented to the United Nations Council for Namibia's "Seminar on the Integration of Namibia into Regional Structures for Economic Co-operation and Development in Southern Africa", Harare, Zimbabwe, October 23-27, 1989 and to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, November, 1989.
"Prospects for Namibia's Fisheries and Marine Resources", paper presented to the United Nations Council for Namibia's "Seminar on the Integration of Namibia into Regional Structures for Economic Co-operation and Development in Southern Africa", Harare, Zimbabwe, October 23-27, 1989.
"Economic Development in Small Island Economies: Marine Resources and Appropriate Technology in the Indian Ocean", paper presented to "Islands '88: Conference of the Islands of the World", University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, May, 1988.
"Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives and Comoros: Problems and Prospects for Small Island Economies", paper presented in absentia to the African Studies Association Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, November, 1987.
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"What Technology is Appropriate? Problems of Technology and Technology Transfer in Small Island Economies", paper presented to the "International Sea Conference", University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius, September, 1987.
"Appropriate Technology and Technology Transfer in the Island States of the Indian Ocean", paper presented to the UNCTAD/University of Toulouse "International Workshop on Island Economies: North-South Relations and Transfer of Technology", Fort-de-France, Martinique, October, 1986.
"Economic Liberalization in Africa: A Permanent Condition or a Passing Fancy?", paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Madison, Wisconsin, October, 1986.
"Seychelles Economic Planning: New Potential for Success or Lost Lessons from sub-Saharan Africa?" Paper presented to African Studies Association/Middle Eastern Studies Association joint meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 1985.
"African Parastatals: Public Enemy or Economic Savior?" Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Washington, DC, November, 1982.
"Namibia's Coastal and Marine Resources Development". Paper presented to the University of Vermont's conference, "Namibia, Africa's Last Colony: Problems for Freedom and Development", Burlington, Vermont, March, 1982.
"African Economic Priorities and the Lagos Plan of Action: Realism or Fantasy?" Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Bloomington, Indiana, October 1981.
"US-European Trade with Africa, 1970-80". Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Bloomington, Indiana, October, 1981.
"Zimbabwe: The Regional Perspective." Paper presented to the national conference, "Business Opportunities in Zimbabwe", Washington, DC, March, 1980.
"Namibia's Economy at Independence." Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October, 1980.
"Walvis Bay, Plumpudding and Penguin Islands: Their History and Economic Importance to Namibia." Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Los Angeles, California, November, 1979.
"Observations on South Africa's Constellation Strategy: The Economic Consequences to the Region". Paper presented to the Southern African Research Association's fourth annual conference, University of Maryland, October, 1979.
CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS, LECTURES & RESEARCH
“Africa’s Upcoming Population Boom: Consequences for Growth and Stability”, Presentation to a seminar hosted by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, April, 2016.
“Why Hasn’t Africa Industrialized? Can It? Should It?” Presentation to a seminar hosted by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, April, 2015.
“Poor Health and Poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: Can the Link be Broken?” Presentation to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, April, 2014.
[August 2016] Page 10 “Recent Trends and Economic Prospects in Post-Election Madagascar: Renewed Hope or Hopelessness?”, Presentation to a seminar hosted by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, December, 2013.
“Africa’s Road Infrastructure: Narrowing the Deficit”. Presentation to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, April, 2013.
“The Euro Zone Crisis: The World Worries and What it Means for America”. Presentation to the Charleston Foreign Affairs Forum, Charleston, SC, May, 2012.
“Land Grabs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Old Fashioned Exploitation or New Opportunities for Development?”, presentation to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, February 2012.
“Africa’s Interest: What the US and China Mean for Africa’s Development” (panel chair), Stability and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia, November 2011.
“Africa’s Economic Outlook: Sunny, Cloudy or Stormy?”, presentation to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, April, 2011.
“China and India’s Growing Role in Sub-Saharan Africa”, roundtable discussion leader, Fulbright Association’s Annual Conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, November, 2010.
“Out of the Shadows: The Role of the Informal Sector in Fostering Sustainable Employment and Equity in Sub-Saharan Africa”, presentation to a seminar hosted by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State, Washington, DC, June, 2010.
“The Euro’s 10th Birthday: Time to Party or Pray?”, presentation to the 2008 Pipeline Course Regional Symposium, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, January ,2009.
“Understanding the Economics Behind the European Union: A brief Look Past and Future”, presentation to the Charleston School of Law, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, September, 2008.
“Is Globalization Sustainable?”, roundtable discussion leader, Fulbright Association’s 30th Anniversary Conference, Washington, DC, November, 2007.
“Effective Teaching Techniques in a Disciplined Environment”, presentation to the 2007 ETLC Teaching Conference, The Clute Institute for Academic Research and the Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia June, 2007.
“Understanding Globalization”, presentation to the Advanced Regional Analysis Detachment, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, April, 2007.
“Student Conference on United States Affairs”, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, November, 2006, invited co-chair for the panel “Sub-Saharan Africa”.
“Southern Workshop in Macroeconomics”, Sponsored by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, May, 2006, invited participant.
“An Overview of the International Economic System”, presentation to the Advanced Regional Analysis Detachment, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, May, 2006.
“Globalization: Making It Work”, presentation to the symposium, “Global Issues” at the Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Maribor, Slovenia, January, 2005.
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"Fundamentals of International Economics", presentation to the Regional Studies Course, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, March 2004, March 2003, September 2003, September 2002, April, 2002.
“The Battle of Ideas: The Role of the State in the Economy”, presentation to the Economics Association of Swaziland, Mbabne, Swaziland, August, 2003.
“Globalization: The New Rules of the Game”, presentation to the American Cultural Center, US Embassy, Mbabane, Swaziland, August, 2003.
“Public-Private Partnerships: Understanding the Legal and Regulatory Environment", "How Tripartite Consultations in PPPs Promotes Success", workshop presentations under the Public- Private Partnership Speaker Program, American Center, US Embassy, Lusaka and the Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia, May, 2003.
"Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics 2002", invited participant, The World Bank, Washington, DC, April, 2002.
"Economic Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Security Threat to the United States?", presentation to the International Affairs Symposium, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, November, 2001.
"Globalization, African Development and US Policy", presentation to the International Affairs Symposium, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, June, 2000.
"NGOs in Africa: Agents for Change or Collaborators with the Status Quo?", presentation to the International Affairs Symposium, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, December, 1999.
“Globalisation and Africa and Asia”, panel chair, African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific, International Conference, Perth Australia, November, 1999.
“Investments in Developing Economies: Problems and Prospects”, presentation to the Economics Association of Swaziland’s Seminar (via teleconference), July, 1999.
“The Media and Economic Development in Africa", presentation to the 16th International Affairs Symposium, United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, June, 1998.
"Economic Trends in sub-Saharan Africa”, presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, May, 1999.
"Economic Trends in sub-Saharan Africa”, presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, March, 1999.
“Economic Interests in Africa", presentation to the 14th International Affairs Symposium, United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, June, 1998.
Lecture tour to Madagascar, sponsored by the US Information Agency, June, 1998. Topics included, "Southern Africa in the Global Economy: Prospects", "The Role of the State in Economic Development: The Four Hands of Government" and "Africa's Prospects for the New Millennium: Challenges and Opportunities". Presentations to the Business Roundtable, the Economic Journalist Club, The Group of Malagasy Private Operators, Madagascar TV, the American Cultural Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
"Recent Economic Events in the Southern Region of sub-Saharan Africa", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, December, 1997.
[August 2016] Page 12 Research trip to southern Africa to examine regional monetary arrangements, supported by the Citadel Development Foundation, May, 1996.
“Car Free Cities Conference ‘96”, invited participant, Copenhagen, Denmark, May, 1996.
Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) Test reading, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, January, 1996.
“African Regional Challenges: Implications for the Future”, invited participant, International Affairs Symposium, US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Ft Bragg, NC, December, 1995.
“Prospects for Growth in Southern Africa”, panel discussant, African Studies Association annual meeting, Orlando, Florida, November, 1995.
“Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics”, invited participant, the World Bank and IMF, Washington, DC, May, 1995.
“Civil Strategy for Internal Development”, invited participant, the US Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, January, 1995.
Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) Test reading, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, October, 1994.
Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) Pre-test consulting, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, March, 1994.
"The Crisis in Africa: The Economic Perspective", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, December, 1995.
"Africa’s Economic Future: A View from the Southern Region", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, December, 1995.
"Africa’s Economic Future: Problems and Prospects", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, October, 1995.
"An Overview of Africa’s Economies", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, August, 1995.
"Options for Southern Africa’s Economies", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, May, 1995.
"Africa’s Economic Future: A View from the Southern Region", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, April, 1995.
"South Africa and the Region: Economic Prospects", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, February ,1995.
Research visit to Namibia to review recent environmental regulations and survey the mining sector, Citadel Development Foundation, January, 1995.
"Africa’s Economies in Crisis", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, February, April, July and December, 1994.
"Where is Africa Going? The Major Economic Issues", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, February, 1994.
"The Future of Regional Organizations in Africa", panel chair, the African Studies Association annual meeting, Boston, Mass, December, 1993.
[August 2016] Page 13 "Southern Africa: Changing Socio-Strategic Perspectives", invited panel discussant, the African Studies Association annual meeting, Seattle, Washington, November, 1992.
"Development Perspectives for an Independent Namibia", invited participant, Rutgers University (Camden Campus). October, 1992.
"Instability in the Nineties: Special Operations Forces Meeting the Challenge", invited symposium discussant, United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, December, 1991.
"Africa’s Economic Crisis: A General Background and Prognosis", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, November, 1993.
"Current Economic Issues in Africa", presentation to the United States Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare School, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, September, 1993.
"Understanding Africa’s Economic Crisis", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, September, 1993.
"Africa’s Economic Climate: Past, Present and Future", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, June, 1993.
"Recent Economic Developments in Sub-Saharan Africa", presentation to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, December, 1992.
"Economic Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa" and "Regional Economic Issues: Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, July, 1992.
Lecture tour to Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Swaziland, sponsored by the US Information Agency, May-June, 1992. Topics included, "Southern Africa’s Economy After Apartheid", "The Role of the Private Sector: The Four Hands of Development" and "US Economic Relations with Africa: Past, Present and Future". Presentations to the Swaziland Economics Association, University of Zimbabwe, University of Zambia, Reserve Bank of Swaziland, Institute for Strategic Studies, Maputo, Center for African Studies, Maputo, American Cultural Centers (Mbabane, Swaziland and Lusaka, Zambia).
"Economic Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, November, 1991.
"Economic Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa" and "Strategic, Political and Economic Issues in Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, June, 1991.
"African Economic Systems" and "Economic Issues in Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, April, 1991.
"Africa's Economic Prospects and Problems", presentation to the J F Kennedy Special Warfare School, U S Army, Ft Bragg, North Carolina, March, 1991.
"Namibia: Africa's New Nation", presentation to the Explorers' Club, Columbia, South Carolina, March, 1991.
Research visit to Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania to conduct research under a Citadel Development Foundation Grant, December 1990-January, 1991.
"Introduction to African Economies" and "Economic Issues in Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, October, 1990.
"Namibia's Economic Future: Prospects for the New Nation", presentation to the Royal African Society and the Commonwealth Trust, London, England, September, 1990.
[August 2016] Page 14
"African Economic Trends" and "Regional Issues in Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, May, 1990.
"Introduction to African Economies" and "Regional Issues in Southern Africa", presentations to the United States Air Force Special Operations School, Hurlburt Field, Florida, February, 1990.
"Economic Events in Namibia", interview with Radio Free Europe, October 19, 1989.
Research tour of Namibia for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and Business International, December 1988-January, 1989.
Lecture tour to Somalia and Mauritius, sponsored by the US Information Agency, September, 1987. Topics included: "The Role of the Private Sector in Development", "State Structures and Economic Development" and "Utilizing Coastal and Marine Resources in Development". Lectured at: University of Mauritius, Queen Elizabeth College, Rotary Club of Port Louis, Mauritius, Somali National University, Somali Ministry of Fisheries, Somali Peoples' Assembly and United States Information Service Center, Mogadishu, Somalia.
"Namibia's Economic Constraints at Independence", presentation to the State Department's interagency conference, "Namibia: On the Eve of Independence", Washington, DC, July, 1989.
"Education for Namibians: A Workshop", invited participant to the international workshop sponsored by the Institute of International Education, New York, New York, January, 1989.
"Namibia at Independence", Roundtable Chairman, African Studies Association annual meeting, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1988.
"The South Carolina Coast: Future Shock", presentation to the conference, "South Carolina's Coast: Past, Present and Future", Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, October, 1988.
"Resources for Management and Development in the Coastal Zone" Panel Chair, for the seminar, "Governmental Concerns in Coastal Zone Management", College of Charleston/South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, South Carolina, June, 1987.
"Recent Economic Conditions in Zanzibar", Interview with Voice of America, March, 1987.
"The Economies of Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros and Seychelles." Lecture presented to the US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, Washington, DC, January, 1987.
"Indian Ocean Islands and Economic Issues." Lecture presented to the US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, Washington, DC, May, 1986.
Lecture tour to Kenya, Tanzania, Swaziland and Seychelles, sponsored by the US Information Agency, February-March, 1986. Topics included: "The Role of the Private Sector in Development", "Science and Technology in Development", "US Economic Relations with Africa" and "The Role of Coastal and Marine Resources in Development". Lectured at the University of Swaziland, Swaziland Economics Association, Kenya Government Management Training Institute, Kenya Institute of Management, Tanzania Association of Parastatal Organizations, Tanzania Institute of Finance Management, Seychelles Rotary Club and the Seychelles Central Bank. Interviewed by TV Seychelles and Swazi Life.
Consultation visit to UNEP (Nairobi) and UNCTAD (Geneva) in conjunction with project identification and support, March, 1986.
"Economic Potential in the Western Indian Ocean: Diversities and Commonalties." Lecture presented to the US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, Washington, DC, March, 1985.
[August 2016] Page 15 Research visit to Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, and Madagascar under the support of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, December 1984-January, 1985.
"Economic Prospects for the Smaller Island States of the Western Indian Ocean." Presentation to the Second International Conference on Indian Ocean Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, December, 1984.
"The Politics of International Economic Relations: Trade, Aid and Debt." Discussant, Thirtieth International Affairs Symposium, U S Army John F Kennedy School of International Studies, Ft Bragg, NC, May, 1986.
"State Structures and Economic Development." Panel Chairman, African Studies Association/Middle Eastern Studies Association joint meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 1985.
Consultation visit to UNESCO (Paris) and IUCN (Geneva) in conjunction with project identification and support, September, 1984.
"The Emergence, Evolution and Contemporary Role of the Major Geographic and Sectoral Elements of the South African Economy." Lecture presented to the US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, Washington, DC, May, 1984.
"Southern Africa: Economic Dependence and Interdependence." Lecture presented to the US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, Washington, DC, March, 1984.
Research trip to Malawi, South Africa and the UK, September/October, 1983 for PhD dissertation research.
"Issues in East Africa and the Indian Ocean." Panel Chairman, African Studies Association annual meeting, Los Angeles, California, October, 1984.
"Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Efforts in East Africa and the Indian Ocean." Paper presented to the African Studies Association annual meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, December 1983 and revised for presentation at the "Africa and the Sea Symposium", University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, March, 1984.
"Regional Workshop for Coastal and Marine Management and Protection in East Africa and the Indian Ocean." Workshop Principal Investigator and Co-Chairman, University of Mauritius, October, 1983. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and United Nations Environment Programme.
Lecture tour to Lesotho and Mauritius, sponsored by the US Information Agency, April-May, 1983. Topics included: "Multinationals in Economic Development" and "The Role of the Private Sector in Development." Lectured at the National University of Lesotho, Mauritius Employers Federation and the Mauritius Chamber of Industry. Interviewed by Radio Lesotho and Mauritius Broadcast Corp.
Consultation visit to UNDP (New York), UNESCO (Paris), IUCN (Geneva), UNIDO (Vienna) and UNIN (Lusaka) in conjunction with project identification and support, April, 1983.
Lecture tour to Somalia, Zimbabwe and Zambia, sponsored by the US Information Agency, July- August, 1982. Topics included: "The Role of the Private Sector in Economic Development" and "Economic Relations with the US." Lectured at the National University of Somalia, Somali Development Bank, University of Zambia, United Nations Institute for Namibia, University of Zambia, Evelyn Hone College, Zambian Economic Association and the University of Zimbabwe. Interviewed by Radio Mogadishu, Somalia.
"African Myths and Misconceptions: Forget About Tarzan." Featured speaker for the Black History Month, US Office of Personnel Management, Charleston, SC, February, 1982.
[August 2016] Page 16 Economic research for the Department of State in Zaire, Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania and Seychelles, October, 1979.
SUMMARY OF GUEST LECTURES
Georgetown University, US Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, University of South Carolina, College of Charleston, University of Lesotho, National University of Somalia, University of Swaziland, Kenyan Institute of Management, Kenyan Government Training Institute, Swaziland Economics Association, Tanzania Association of Parastatal Organizations, Tanzania Institute of Finance Management, Seychelles Central Bank, Mauritius Employers Federation, Mauritius Chamber of Industry, Somali Development Bank, University of Zambia, Reserve Bank of Swaziland, United Nations Institute for Namibia, Evelyn Hone College, Zambian Economic Association, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia, the University of Zimbabwe, Center for African Studies and the Institute for Strategic Studies, Maputo, Mozambique.
UNIVERSITY-LEVEL COURSES TAUGHT
The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina
Undergraduate Principles of Microeconomics Principles of Macroeconomics International Economics International Business World Hunger: Problems of International Economic Development (Special Topics Course) Urban Sprawl: The Economic & Social Consequences (Honors Level Course) Comparing Nations: Poverty and Prosperity (Honors Level Course) Understanding Economic Development: A Hand- on Approach (Honors Level Course) Economic Policy Making (Special Topics Course) Fellowships Preparation Seminar
Graduate Managerial Economics Economics for Decision Making Foundations of Economics (on-line) Foundations of Marketing & International Business International Business
Management Center Innsbruck, Austria
Undergraduate Introduction to International Business
Graduate Global Economic Framework Global Economics and Markets
The University of Maribor, Slovenia
Undergraduate International Economic Relations Development Economics
[August 2016] Page 17 The American University in Cairo, Egypt
Undergraduate Principles of Microeconomics Intermediate Microeconomics Development Economics Comparative Economic Systems
The University of Swaziland
Undergraduate Development Economics Agricultural Economics
The College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
Undergraduate Principles of Microeconomics
Graduate Economics for Policy Makers
Stetson University Executive MBA Program, Celebration, Florida
Financial Economics
Stetson University Summer Business Program, Innsbruck, Austria
Undergraduate Principles of Microeconomics International Business International Marketing Globalization and Business
Graduate Global Marketing Strategy
AWARDS
Faculty Excellence Award The Citadel, 2015 J William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Award, 1996-97, 2003, 2005, 2015 Outstanding Professor of the Year Award, MBA Program, The Citadel, 2003-2004 American Biographical Institute, American Medal of Honor, 2003 Beta Gamma Sigma (Honor Society for AACSB International business programs), 2002 Outstanding Professor of the Year Award, MBA Program, The Citadel, 1998-99 Outstanding Professor of the Year Award, MBA Program, The Citadel, 1995-96 Citadel “Pay for Performance Award”, 1995 Distinguished Paper Award for, “Differentiating Restaurant Startups: A Conceptional Framework” [with DrGeorge Vozikis], paper presented to the Academy of Entrepreneurship, Nassau, Bahamas, November 1995. Author of the journal Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award for, Namibia: The Nation After Independence [with December Green], 1993 Citadel Development Foundation Teaching Award, 1991
[August 2016] Page 18 PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
South Carolina Chapter, Fulbright Association (President 2009-2011, 2012-2016); Fulbright Association (member of the Board of Directors 2016-present) Reviewer, African Studies Review; Life Member, The Fulbright Association; Member, the African Studies Association; Member, the Royal African Society (United Kingdom); Member, the Royal Commonwealth Society (United Kingdom); and, Member, the African Studies Association (United Kingdom).
NON-PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
Austrian Alpine Club (2000- present); League of American Bicyclists (Life Member); Adventure Cycling (Life Member); Charleston Moves (Life Member); and. Order of Kentucky Colonels (1976-present)
LANGUAGES
French (Limited Reading Ability) Swahili (Limited Reading Ability) German (Limited Reading Ability)