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Epistolae Selectae; Francisci PETRARCHAE Epistolae Selectae 1.1 J^rancisci PETR A R CH AE Spistolae Selectae EDIDIT A. F. JOHNSON, B.A. <M%\^. q. I i-^-^T O X F O R D AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1923 Oxford University Press London Edinburgh Glasgozv Copenhagen Nezv Tork Toronto Melbourne Cape Town Bombay Calcutta Madrat Shanghai Humphrey Milford Publisher to the University Printed in England PREFACE Petrarch has been called the first modern man, and he is the first man since the days of the Roman Empire who has left us a detailed account of his own life and times. His letters give us a complete picture of his career, and, in spite of the fact that he wrote for publication, the self-revelation is suffi- ciently complete to make us feel that we know him in a way that we know no other man of his age. Yet, perhaps because of the wealth of detail, very different conclusions have been drawn as to the kind of man Petrarch was. An enormous literature has grown up on the subject, and even to-day critics are by no means agreed in their estimate of him. The chief evidence for understanding the man Petrarch is contained in his letters, and the present selection has been made with the intention of giving an account of his life in his own words and of introducing descriptions of historical events of which he was a spectator. It is hoped that the selection is wide enough to allow the reader to form his own opinion as to Petrarch's character. Shorter letters are generally given in their entirety. The omissions in longer letters often consist of illustrations from the Classics and the Latin Fathers, which to us appear a pedantic display of learning. In this respect it is unfair to judge Petrarch by modern standards ; such passages at least serve to reveal the width and thoroughness of his scholarship in an age when there were no indexes and few books of reference. A brief summary of passages omitted has been incorporated in the text. Down to the year 1601 there were at least twelve printed editions of the letters. From that date none, until Giuseppe Fracassetti in 1859-62 pubHshed at Florence the text of the 2548 vi PREFACE Epistolae De Rebus Familiaribus and Epistolae Variae^ an edition containing many letters not before printed. The text of the present selection for the Epistolae de Rebus Familiaribus and Variae is that of Fracassetti, with some slight alterations of spelling and punctuation, to bring it into conformity with the usual English practice. Fracassetti's edition was not based on a very wide coUation of manuscripts and is far from satis- factory. A national edition of the whole of the letters is at present being prepared by an Italian scholar, Professor Vittorio Rossi, and we may expect before long to have a definitive text. For the Epistolae De Rebus Senilibus, which have not been edited in modern times, the Basle edition of Petrarch's works, printed by Sebastian Henricpetri in 1581, has been followed, with considerable alterations of spelling and punctuation. The letters chosen from the Epistolae de Rebus Senilibus have been coUated with the Venice edition of the works printed by Bevilacqua in 1503. This edition is in many respects better than the Basle edition, and has frequently supplied a more correct reading. It has not been thought necessary to mention in the notes every reading adopted from the Venice edition. Any alteration, other than obvious misprints, not derived from Fracassetti or from either the Basle or Venice edition, has been commented on in the notes, or enclosed in a square bracket. The numbering and arrangement of the letters is that of Fracassetti—of his Italian translation for the Epistolae de Rebus Senilibus—except that the few Epistolae Variae and the one Epistola sine Titulo given have been incorporated in a suitable chronological order. Fracassetti also published an Italian translation with a commentary of the whole of the letters except the Epistolae sine Titulo. This commentary has been of great use in making the notes to this selection. But much work on the biography of Petrarch has been done since Fracassetti's day, and it has been possible to correct many of his statements and his chrono- logy of the letters. The principal works of which use has been PREFACE vii made are referred to in the notes, and an index of such works has been added. I am greatly indebted to Professor Cesare Foligno, who has given me invaluable help throughout, in revising the notes, directing my attention to many books and articles dealing with Petrarch, and in reading the proofs. Note. For a general account of the Letters and Petrarch as a letter- writer see G. Voigt, Die Briejsammlungen P.'s, in 'Abhandlungen der histori- der Bayrischen ', schen Classe Akademie der Wissenschaften vol. xvi, Abt. 3, 1883, and F. X. Kraus, F. P. in seinem Briefwechsely in * Essays ', Berlin, 1896, pp. 399-546. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1304. July 20. Petrarch born at Arezzo. 13 13. Petrarch with his family moves to Avignon. 1315. Enters the school of Convenevole at Carpentras. 13 16. First visit to Vaucluse. 13 19. Enters the University of MontpelUer as a law student. 1323. Continues his law studies at the University of Bologna. 1326. April 26. Returns to Avignon. 1327. April 6. Sees J[^aura for the first time. 1328. Louis the Bavarian in Rome. 1330. Spends the summer at Lombez with the Bishop, Giacomo Colonna. There he meets Laelius and Socrates. On his return he enters the household of Cardinal Giovanni Colonna. 1333. In the summer travels in France and Germany. May 22. Victory of the Colonna over the Orsini at S. Cesario. 1334. December 4. Death of the Pope, John XXII (d'Euse). December 20. Benedict XII (Fournier) elected Pope. 1335. January 25. Obtains a canonry at Lombez from the Pope. Defends the Della Scala and Da Correggio against the Rossi before the Pope over the occupation of Parma. 1336. April 26. Ascends Mount Ventoux. At the close of the year he embarks at Marseilles for his first visit to Rome. 1337. January and February in Rome. Returns to Avignon August 16. Birth of his son Giovanni. Retires to his farm at Vaucluse. 1338. Beginning of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. 1340. September i. Petrarch invited by the University of Paris and the Senate of Rome to receive the laurel crown. 1341. February. Leaves for Naples to the Court of King Robert before pro- ceeding to Rome. Meets there Barbato of Sulmo. April 8. Receives the laurel crown at Rome. April 20. Reaches Pisa. May 21. Enters Parma with Da Correggio. September. Death of Giacomo Colonna. 1342. Returns to Avignon. April 25. Death of the Pope, Benedict XII. May 7. Clement VI (Roger) elected Pope. Meets Cola di Rienzo. October 6. Obtains a priory at Pisa from the Pope. His brother Gherardo enters the monastery at Montrieux. 1343. January. Death of King Robert of Naples. Succession of Joan 1. Birth of Petrarch's daughter Francesca. % October 12. Petrarch arrives at Naples on an embassy from the Pope, December. Proceeds to Parma. 1344. Buys a house in Parma. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY ix 1345. February 28. Escapes from Parma to Verona. September 18. Murder of Andrew of Hungary (King of Naples). Petrarch returns to Avignon at the end of the year. 1346. July II. Charles of Bohemia elected King of the Romans. August 26. Battle of Crecy. October 27. Petrarch obtains from the Pope a canonry at Parma. 1347. May 20. Cola di Rienzo effects a revolution at Rome. Louis of Hungary invades the Kingdom of Naples to avenge the murder of Andrew his brother. November 20. Victory of Cola di Rienzo over the Colonna. Petrarch leaves Vaucluse and proceeds to Parma. December 15. Fall of Cola di Rienzo. 1348. The Great Plague (the Black Death). April 6. Death of Laura. July 3. Death of Giovanni Colonna. Petrarch travelling in Italy. 1349. January 24. Death of Luchino Visconti ; Giovanni Visconti (Arch- bishop of Milan) succeeds him. Murder of Mainardo Accursio. Petrarch receives a canonry at Padua from Giacomo H da Carrara. 1350. Beginning of the war between Genoa and Venice. August 22. Death of Philip VI of France. October. Petrarchjctteout-for Rome for the Jubilee, visiting Florence on the way, where he meets Boccaccio and Francesco Nelli. December 21. Murder of Giacomo II da Carrara. 1351. January. Petrarch returns to Padua. April 6. Boccaccio brings Petrarch a letter from the Republic of Florence recalling him from exile. June 26 or 27. Petrarch arrives back at Vaucluse. 1352. December 6. Death of the Pope, Clement VI. December 18. Innocent VI (Aubert) elected Pope. 1353. April 19. Petrarch visits his brother at Montrieux. May I. Leaves Vaucluse for the last time. He settles at Milan. August 29. Defeat of the Genoese Fleet off Loiera in Sardinia. 1354. September 7. Death of the Doge, Andrea Dandolo. October 3. Death of Giovanni Visconti ; Matteo II, Bernabo, and Galeazzo, his nephews, succeed him. October 10. Charles IV arrives at Mantua on his journey to Rome. Petrarch visits him there. November 4. Victory of Genoa at Sapienza. 1355. April 5. Charles IV crowned Emperor at Rome. Conspiracy of Marin Faliero. April 17. Execution of Marin Faliero at Venice. June I. Peace between Genoa and Venice. 1356. May 20. Petrarch sets out for Prague on an embassy to the Emperor. September 12. Battle of Poitiers. King John of France taken prisoner, 1359. March. Boccaccio visits Petrarch at Milan. 1360. May 8.
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