Grass to biogas turns arable land to carbon sink
LOVISA BJÖRNSSON Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Project funding and reporting
Lovisa Björnsson, Thomas Prade & Mikael Lantz (2016) Grass for biogas - Arable land as carbon sink. Report 2016:280. Energiforsk, Stockholm/Malmö, Sweden. https://energiforskmedia.blob.core.windows.net/media/20192/grass-for-biogas-energiforskrapport-2016-280.pdf
Lovisa Björnsson, Thomas Prade & Mikael Lantz (2016) Åkermark som kolsänka – en utvärdering av miljö- och kostnadseffekter av att inkludera gräsvall för biogas i spannmålsrika växtföljder. Rapport Nr 98, Miljö- och energisystem, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden. http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/c4b9d90c-c7f6-4481-b094-3e2e3fa6ad89 Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Arable land use and biofuels
30
25
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EU 28 Sverige
15
10
5
Share renewable fuels domesticin transport [%] 0 2005 2010 2015
EU RED iLUC-directive 2009/28/EC (EU) 2015/1513
Eurostat (2017) Share of renewable energy in fuel consumption of transport “iLUC-directive” (EU) 2015/1513 Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Athmosphere: 750 Arable land and soil carbon billion t C “45% of the soils in the EU have low or very low (0-2%), and declining, soil organic carbon (SOC) content”
”…soil resources in many parts of Europe are being over- Above ground exploited, degraded and irreversibly lost due to inappropriate biomass: 550 land management practices…” billion t C ”A healthy, fertile soil is at the heart of food security”
Soil: 1 500 billion t C Jones et al. (2012) The state of soil in Europe. Report EUR 25186 EN. JRC, Ispra, Italy. Kätterer & Andrén (1998) Long-term agricultural field experiments in Northern Europe: Analysis of the influence of management on soil carbon stocks using the ICBM model. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 72, 165-179. Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Aim
Visualize how existing knowledge on crop and biofuel production can be applied to create a system with dual benefits; Incresing soil carbon content in combination with a locally produced biofuel with low GHG emssions
“Existing policies tend to address issues in relative isolation” Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Agricultural specialization
S2
D
S1
Lovisa Björnsson, Thomas Prade & Mikael Lantz (2016) Grass for biogas - Arable land as carbon sink. Report 2016:280. Energiforsk, Stockholm/Malmö, Sweden. Lovisa Björnsson, Thomas Prade & Mikael Lantz (2016) Åkermark som kolsänka – en utvärdering av miljö- och kostnadseffekter av att inkludera gräsvall för biogas i spannmålsrika växtföljder. Rapport Nr 98, Miljö- och energisystem, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden. Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Grass as biogas feedstock Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 Soil carbon development
3,0
D ökad avkastning och biogödsling
D nuvarande 2,5 S2 med vall och biogödsling
S2 med vall
2,0 S2 nuvarande S1 med vall och biogödsling
Markkolsinnehåll Markkolsinnehåll [%] S1 med vall
1,5 S1 nuvarande
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Tid [år] Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 GHG emissions cultivation
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1,5
1,0 eq per hectare per eq and year] -
0,5
0,0 Cultivation input Field emissions Cultivation input Field emissions GHG GHG emissions [t CO2 S2 present S2 modified -0,5
-1,0 Mineral fertilizer and materials Diesel & other energy input N2O mineral fertilizer N2O crop residues N2O indirect N2O biofertilizer SOC Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 GHG emissions from a fuel perspective
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10 eq/MJ biofuel]eq/MJ - 5
0 S2 -5
-10 GHG GHG emissions CO2 [g
-15
-20
-25
Replacing crops
Biogas production
Net climate benefit cultivation Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017
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40 ] 1 - 35 eq (MJ) - 30 -60% 2 25 -71% 20
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10 GHG GHG emission CO [g 5 -97% 0
-5 Valin et al. (2015) The land use change impact of biofuels consumed in the EU - Quantification of area and greenhouse gas impacts. ECOFYS, Utrecht, The Netherlands- Programkonferens Energigasteknik Lovisa Björnsson 8 juni 2017 To conclude
• Too narrow perspectives makes us miss systems with dual benefits
• It is important to consider potential conflicts between sustainable food supply and an increasing demand of biomass in other sectors
BUT also consider the fact that current agriculture on our most high yielding soils is not sustainable from a long term perspective – and drastic measures will be needed to change this development
• To introduce integrated cereal and energy grass production is one way to turn the present soil carbon losses
BUT grass based biogas production is not sustainable according to the EU RED calculation method for biofuels Lovisa Björnsson Professor Environmental and Energy Systems Studies [email protected] 046-222 8324 www.miljo.lth.se