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Assessment of Nontimber Forest Products in the United States Under Changing Conditions

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Assessment of Nontimber Forest Products in the United States Under Changing Conditions United States Department of Agriculture Assessment of Nontimber Forest Products in the United States Under Changing Conditions Forest Service Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-232 June 2018 Photo credits cover top: ramps, by USDA Forest Service; bottom, left to right: red trillium, by Harlan B. Herbert; bloodroot, by Joseph O’Brien, USDA Forest Service; blueberry, by Gerald Holmes, California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo; woodworking, by Billy Humphries, Forest Resource Consultants, Inc.; common beargrass by Chris Schnepf, University of Idaho; all photos are courtesy of Bugwood.org. interior Unless otherwise noted all interior photos are courtesy of Bugwood.org. Disclaimer The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. June 2018 Slightly revised September 2018 Forest Service Research & Development Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-232 https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-232 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 www.srs.fs.usda.gov Assessment of Nontimber Forest Products in the United States Under Changing Conditions editors James L. Chamberlain Marla R. Emery Toral Patel-Weynand Authors Susan J. Alexander is a program manager with the U.S. Gregory E. Frey is a research forester with the U.S. Department of Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 12254, Research Station, Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801. 3041 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2254. Rebecca J. Barlow is an extension specialist and associate professor J.B. Friday is an associate specialist in tropical forestry and agroforestry at Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, extension at the University of Hawai‘i, Department of Natural Resources 3301 SFWS Building, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849. and Environmental Management, 875 Komohana Street, Hilo, HI 96720. Michelle J. Baumflek is a research biologist with the U.S. Kathleen S. Friday is the Forest Stewardship and Forest Legacy Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research program manager with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Station, 200 W.T. Weaver Boulevard, Asheville, NC 28804. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Institute of Pacific Island Forestry, 60 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720. Keith A. Blatner is a professor, program leader for forestry, and director of the Grizzly Bear Research, Education and Conservation Center at Washington State David Fuller is an agriculture and nontimber forest products University, School of the Environment, P.O. Box 64812, Pullman, WA 99164-2812. professional at the University of Maine, Cooperative Extension, 138 Pleasant Street, Farmington, ME 04938-5828. James L. Chamberlain is a research forest products technologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Jonathan Gilbert is biological services director with the Great Lakes Fish and Station, 1710 Research Center Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060. Wildlife Commission, P.O. Box 9, 72682 Maple Street, Odanah, WI 54861. Alisa W. Coffin is research ecologist with the U.S. Larry D. Godsey is an assistant professor, Agri-Business, Missouri Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Valley College, 500 E. College Street, Marshall, MO 65340. 2316 Rainwater Road, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793. Michael A. Gold is a research professor and associate director of the Colmore S. Christian is associate professor at Alabama University of Missouri, School of Natural Resources, Center for Agroforestry, A&M University, Biological and Environmental Sciences 203 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211. Department, 138 ARC Building, Normal, AL 35762. Nicole Grewe is regional economist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Sharifa Crandall is a researcher in plant pathology at Forest Service, Region 10, P.O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802-1628. California State University, Monterey Bay, School of Natural Sciences, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955. Susan Hummel is a research forester with U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland Forestry Jeanine M. Davis is associate professor and extension specialist Sciences Laboratory, 620 SW Main Street, Portland, OR 97205. at North Carolina State University, Department of Horticultural Science, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Patrick T. Hurley is associate professor and chair, Ursinus College, Center, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759. Environmental Studies, 601 E. Main Street, Collegeville, PA 19426. Patricia De Angelis is botanist with the U.S. Fish and Louis Iverson is a research landscape ecologist with the Wildlife Service, International Affairs, Division of Scientific U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Authority, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041. Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015. C. Meghan Starbuck Downes is a research economist at the U.S. Michael G. Jacobson is extension specialist and chair of the Forest Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ecosystem Management Program at Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC 27709-2254. 309 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802. Marlyse Duguid is lecturer and associate research scientist Badger Johnson is employed conducting botanical inventory and monitoring at the Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental for the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Ozark National Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511. Scenic Riverways, 404 Watercress Drive, Van Buren, MO 63965. David S. Ellum is a professor and forest director at Warren Wilson Shibu Jose is a professor and director of the University of College, CPO 6291, P.O. Box 9000, Asheville, NC 28815-9000. Missouri, School of Natural Resources, 103 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211. Marla R. Emery is a research geographer with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Katie Kamelamela is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Station, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405. Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Way, Room 101, Honolulu, HI 96822. Michael Farrell is the former director of Cornell University’s Kelly Kindscher is senior scientist with the Kansas Biological Survey and a Uihlein Forest and now serves as CEO of The Forest Farmers, professor in the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas, LLC, 97 Bear Cub Lane, Lake Placid, NH 12946. 2101 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-3729. ASSESSMENT OF NONTIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES UNDER CHANGING CONDITIONS III Steven Kruger is a Ph.D. candidate at Virginia Polytechnic Amit R. Patel is a natural resource analyst at Planned Systems Institute and State University, Department of Forest Resources International, Inc., 3717 Columbia Pike, Arlington, VA 22204. and Environmental Conservation, Cheatham Hall Room 313, Virginia Tech, 310 W. Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Toral Patel-Weynand is director, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development, Sustainable Forest Management Linda Kruger is a research social scientist with the U.S. Department Research, 201 14th Street SW, Mail stop 1115, Washington, DC 20250. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801-8791. Stephen Prisley is a principle research scientist with the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, 541 Washington Ave SW, Roanoke, VA 24016. Frank K. Lake is a research ecologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Highway 96/I Ishi-Pishi Nicholas J. Reo is assistant professor of environmental studies and Native Road, P.O. Box 410 c/o USFS Orleans Ranger Station, Orleans, CA 95556. American studies at Dartmouth College, HB 6152, Hanover, NH 03755. Luanne Lohr is national program lead for economics at the Suzanne Sanders is a terrestrial ecologist at the U.S. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and National Park Service, Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Development, 201 14th Street SW, Washington, DC 20250. Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr. East, Ashland, WI 54806. Mary Mahalovich is a regional geneticist with the U.S. Department of Erin O. Sills is a professor at North Carolina State University, College Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern, Rocky Mountain, Southwestern and of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry and Environmental Intermountain Regions, 1221 South Maine Street, Moscow, ID 83843. Resources, 2800 Faucette Drive, Campus Box 800, Raleigh, NC 27695. Humfredo Marcano-Vega is a research biologist with the U.S. Department of Sara Souther is research faculty at Northern Arizona Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, International Institute University, Landscape Conservation Initiative, ARD Building of Tropical Forestry, Jardín Botánico Sur, 1201 Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926-1119. #56, 1395 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011. Stephen Matthews is an ecologist with the U.S. Tamara Ticktin is a professor at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Department
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