DOCSLIB.ORG

An Analysis of Turkish Rail Transit Investments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Analysis of Turkish Rail Transit Investments AN ANALYSIS OF RAIL TRANSIT INVESTMENTS IN TURKEY: ARE THE EXPECTATIONS MET? A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ÖZGE ÖZGÜR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING NOVEMBER 2009 Approval of the thesis: AN ANALYSIS OF RAIL TRANSIT INVESTMENTS IN TURKEY: ARE THE EXPECTATIONS MET? submitted by ÖZGE ÖZGÜR in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in City and Regional Planning Department, Urban Design, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Melih Ersoy _____________________ Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık Sutcliffe _____________________ Supervisor, City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Ali Türel _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık Sutcliffe _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Ebru Vesile Öcalır _____________________ Traffic Planning and Implementation Dept., Gazi University Turgay Günal, M.Sc. _____________________ Date: 18.11.2009 ________________ iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Özge ÖZGÜR iii ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF RAIL TRANSIT INVESTMENTS IN TURKEY: ARE THE EXPECTATIONS MET?* Özgür, Özge M.S., Department of City and Regional Planning, Urban Design Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık-Sutcliffe November 2009, 154 pages Rail transit investments require highest amount of investment costs of all modes and considering the high cost involved, it is particularly important that their performance justifies this high cost and that expectations from these investments are met. Therefore, in the world, it has become an important field of research to study the performances of rail systems in order to assess whether these expectations are met. In Turkey, there is a growing interest in constructing rail transit systems in the cities. However, there has been limited number of studies on the performance of these investments. There are researches on individual systems; yet, there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the rail transit experience of Turkish cities. It is not clear with what expectations these systems are built or whether these expectations are met. There seems to be an urgent need to study these rail investments, with a particular focus on their planning, investment objectives and outcomes. This thesis analyzes the expectations from the rail transit systems in Turkey and answers the question whether these expectations are met. In order to understand the objectives under the planning and decision making processes in the implementation of Turkish rapid rail transport investments, a sample group was selected among the cities currently operating rail transit systems: İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir and Bursa. The study sets the objectives in planning and iv implementing rail transit systems drawn by the answers in the semi-structured interviews. It compares the expectations with the actual outcomes. As the primary indicators of performance, cost and ridership forecast and outcome data are also collected and considered in the comparison. It is found that the main success in all case study cities was the increase in public transport usage after the opening of the rail transit systems. On the other hand, systems performed rather poor in terms of other expectations, such as attaining ridership forecasts, being built within budget, creating an integrated public transport system, traffic reduction, air pollution reduction, improvement of city image, etc. Hence there is a gap between expectations and outcomes. Keywords: Rail transit systems in Turkey, Expectations, Ridership forecast, Cost forecast, Performance analysis *Second part of this title is inspired by Mackett R L, Edwards M (1998) The impact of new urban public transport systems: will the expectations be met? Transportation Research A, volume 32, 231- 245. v ÖZ TÜRKİYE‟DEKİ RAYLI SİSTEM YATIRIMLARININ ANALİZİ: BEKLENTİLER KARŞILANDI MI? Özgür, Özge Yüksek Lisans, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, Kentsel Tasarım Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Ela Babalık-Sutcliffe Kasım 2009, 154 sayfa Raylı sistem yatırımları, bütün ulaşım modları içerisinde en yüksek yatırım maliyetine sahip olan yatırımlardır. Performanslarının beklentileri karşılıyor olması bu bakımdan çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle dünyada, raylı sistem yatırımlarının performanslarının incelenmesi önemli bir araştırma sahası haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde, Türkiye‟de yapılan raylı sistem yatırımı sayısı gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu yatırımların performanslarını değerlendiren çalışmalar ise bir o kadar kısıtlıdır. Türkiye‟deki raylı sistem deneyimini inceleyen çalışmalar tek tek sistemler için yapılmakta olup, tüm sistemleri birbiriyle karşılaştırarak kapsamlı ve sistematik biçimde raylı sistem deneyimini bütün olarak inceleyen çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır. Bu yatırımların hangi beklentiler içerisinde planlandıkları ya da işletilmeye başlandıktan sonra beklentileri karşılayıp karşılamadıkları bilinmemektedir.Bu sebeple, raylı sistem yatırımlarının planlama aşamalarını, yatırım amaçlarını ve ortaya çıkan sonuçları araştıracak çalışmalara ivedilikle ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye‟deki raylı sistem yatırımlarından beklenenleri ortaya koyarak bu beklentilerin karşılanıp karşılanmadığını araştırmaktadır. Bu beklentileri ortaya çıkarmak üzere İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir ve Bursa kentlerinde hali hazırda işletilen raylı sistem yatırımları incelenmiştir. Yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle bu sistemler planlanırken vi ve uygulanırken öne sürülen hedefler belirlenmiş; bu hedefler, ortaya çıkan sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Raylı sistem yatırımlarının temel performans göstergeleri olarak maliyet ve yolcu sayıları tahminleri ile gerçekleşen durum verileri de toplanmış, karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tüm sistemlerin ortak başarısının toplu taşın sistemindeki yolcu sayılarının artışına yaptıkları katkı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra; yolcu sayısı tahminleri, maliyet tahminleri, entegre edilmiş toplu taşın sistemi, trafik sıkışıklığını azaltma, kente imaj kazandırma vb. konularındaki beklentileri karşılayamadıkları görülmüştür. Beklentiler ve ortaya çıkan sonuçlar arasında fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Türkiye‟deki raylı sistem yatırımları, Yolcu tahminleri, Maliyet tahminleri, Performans analizi vii To My Grandfathers viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık- Sutcliffe for her guidance, advice, criticism, encouragements and insight throughout the research. I would also like to thank my other commitee members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay, Turgay Günal, Assist. Prof. Dr. Ebru Vesile Öcalır and Prof. Dr. Ali Türel for their suggestions. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Assist. Prof. Dr. Kevser İsmet Üstündağ, Prof. Dr. Tülay Kılınçaslan and Assist. Prof. Dr. Yıldırım Oral for their suggestions and comments during my graduate studies. The technical assistance of İstanbul Greater Municipality Department of Transport Planning, İstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş., Prof. Dr. Haluk Gerçek, Ankara Greater Municipality, Fuat Vural (EGO Department of Transport Planning and Coordination), Erhan Öncü (Ulaşım Art Ltd. Şti.), İzmir Metro A.Ş., İzmir Greater Municipality, Hülya Arkon (İzmir Greater Municipality), Cemal Yıldız (İzmir Greater Municipality), Bursa Greater Municipality, Burulaş A.Ş., Aslıhan Uyan (Bursa Greater Municipality Transport Coordination Center) are gratefully acknowledged. I would like to gratefully thank to Ayşe Belkıs Kubilay, for the day she encouraged me to start writing a thesis. I would also like to thank my father; Mehmet Bülent Özgür, my mother; Bilge Özgür, my sister; Gözde Özgür and Umut Onur Cevher for their endless support, encouragement and patience. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... iv ÖZ ........................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………...ix TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………x LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………...xiii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………….xiv CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2. RAIL TRANSIT INVESTMENT IN THE WORLD: EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. A brief review of transit systems ............................................................................. 4 1.1.1. Rapid Transit Systems ......................................................................................... 4 1.1.2. Rail transit systems .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Operator's Story Appendix
    Railway and Transport Strategy Centre The Operator’s Story Appendix: London’s Story © World Bank / Imperial College London Property of the World Bank and the RTSC at Imperial College London Community of Metros CoMET The Operator’s Story: Notes from London Case Study Interviews February 2017 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a permanent record for the researchers of what was said by people interviewed for ‘The Operator’s Story’ in London. These notes are based upon 14 meetings between 6th-9th October 2015, plus one further meeting in January 2016. This document will ultimately form an appendix to the final report for ‘The Operator’s Story’ piece Although the findings have been arranged and structured by Imperial College London, they remain a collation of thoughts and statements from interviewees, and continue to be the opinions of those interviewed, rather than of Imperial College London. Prefacing the notes is a summary of Imperial College’s key findings based on comments made, which will be drawn out further in the final report for ‘The Operator’s Story’. Method This content is a collation in note form of views expressed in the interviews that were conducted for this study. Comments are not attributed to specific individuals, as agreed with the interviewees and TfL. However, in some cases it is noted that a comment was made by an individual external not employed by TfL (‘external commentator’), where it is appropriate to draw a distinction between views expressed by TfL themselves and those expressed about their organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • OZEL EK 2019 Ingilizce 4.Pdf
    "[NBTSBGM ÎPLTFÎFOFLMJ .FSDFEFT#FO[&VSP LBNZPOBJMFTJ Mercedes-#FO[&VSPBSBmMBS EÜLCBLÎNNBMJZFUJZMFDFCJOJ[JZPSNB[ EBIBV[VOCBLÎNBSBMÎLMBSÎZMBJÜUFOBMÎLPZNB[ TEKBOR “Hayat Taşır” Telefon: +90(412) 456 6052 • Mail: [email protected] • Fax: +90(412) 456 6085 Adres: Bismil Diyarbakr Yolu 8.Km Bismil/DùYARBAKIR www.tekbor.com.tr Bu bir güç gösterisi. Yeni X-Class V6. 258 BG ve 550 Nm torka sahip V6 turbo motoruyla şimdi yollarda. BaķWan Sona (WNLle\LFL: ZF’den KomponenWler ve 6LVWHmler 2WREÕV \ROFXODUĊ PDNVLPXP JÕYHQOLN YH NRQIRU EHNOHUOHU =) QLQ ķDQ]ĊPDQODUĊ YH DNVODUĊ EX EHNOHQWLOHULQ NDUķĊODQPDVĊQD\DUGĊPFĊROPDNWDGĊU µUÕQOHULPL] \ROFXODUĊQ DUDFD KĊ]OĊ YH JÕYHQOL ELU ķHNLOGH LQLS ELQPHOHULQL JÕYHQOL YH NH\LƮL ELU \ROFXOXN \DSPDODUĊQĊVDøODU=)ÕUÕQOHULELUELUOHULQHWDPRODUDNX\XPOXGXUYHHQÕVWGÕ]H\WHNQRORML\OHJHOLķWLULOGLNOHUL LÀLQGLQDPLNKĊ]ODQPDYHD\QĊ]DPDQGDVHVVL]ÀDOĊķPDÏ]HOOLNOHULQHVDKLSWLU =)NRPSRQHQWOHULLOHDUDFĊQĊ]ĊQKHPNXOODQĊPÏPUÕPDOL\HWOHULQLKHPGHDUDÀYHÀHYUHÕ]HULQGHNLROXPVX] HWNLOHULQLD]DOWDELOLUVLQL] ]IFRPEXVHs BU GURUR TABLOSUNA BU GURUR BELGESİ YERLİ MALI Yerli üretim Ford Trucks, yerli malı belgesine sahip ilk ağır ticari markası olmanın gururunu yaşıyor. Bugün de yüksek yerlilik oranıyla üretimine devam ediyor, Türkiye kazanıyor. Ford Trucks Her yükte birlikte 444 36 73 / 444 FORD www.fordtrucks.com.tr TRUCKS • ,TRSZQ2&#,3+ #0-$+','120'#1510#"3!#","2&##!-,-+7512)#,-4#0 7-,# &,"5'2&2&#1202-$2&#,#50#1'"#,2'*%-4#0,+#,21712#+',30)#7T,2&'1!-,2#62Q 0#1307","#01#!0#20'2Q,"#','1207-$$',,!#5#0#+#0%#"',2-1',%*#+','1207TTT The Turkish economy was affected by the US- The tension experienced in Turkey-US relations China trade war, Brexit developments, the Fed’s was reflected adversely to the markets due to the case decisions to raise interest rates, geopolitical risks, and of Pastor Andrew Brunson, and the speculative attacks also by some speculative exchange rate attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners Powerful Connections Fast50.Deloitte.Com.Tr 1 Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners | Powerful Connections Contents
    Technology Fast 50 2020 TURKEY 50 15 years of innovation Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners | Powerful connections Technology Fast 50 2020 TURKEY 50 15 years of innovation Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners Powerful connections fast50.deloitte.com.tr 1 Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners | Powerful connections Contents Deloitte Foreword 3 Fast Facts 4 Winners List 5 2020 Big Star Awards 6 2020 Facebook Women in Tech Award 12 2020 Facebook Cross-Border Award 14 2020 Top 10 Companies 16 2020 Winners Profiles 22 Runner Ups List Winners 43 Program Partners 47 Technology Fast 50 Turkey Program 49 2 Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Turkey 2020 Winners | Powerful connections In this keystone year, I am thrilled to present This year we will be awarding for a second time, I want to extend my gratitude to Facebook for you the winners of the Fast 50 program the Cross-Border and Women in Tech special their continued cooperation and support in in Turkey. As these results will be the final awards. In addition, we added a “Runner Ups” bringing Fast 50 2020 Turkey together. pre-pandemic results, we once again see list to recognize companies in their 3rd years, an outstanding growth performance in the that are already promising great growths. I also would like to give thanks to our long- Turkish technology industry. 15 years ago, lasting NGO partners for their commitment to when Deloitte started this program in Turkey, Fast 50 program is Deloitte’s commitment the Turkish technology ecosystem. we hoped to bring the Turkish technology to a new generation of corporations that entrepreneurs to the world stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Station Facilities Survey Form
    Station Facilities Campaigning for a bigger, better Railway Survey Form www.railfuture.org.uk This form has been produced by Railfuture’s Passenger Group in 2020. Railfuture has produced various station survey forms over the years, and several are on the Railfuture website, as rail user groups (RUGs) and others may prefer different formats. However, this form has the latest set of questions and is the only form currently being used by Railfuture’s volunteers. How to use this form This form is intended to be downloaded by members of Railfuture branches, affiliated user groups, Community Rail Partnerships or others who wish to carry out surveys of the facilities at their local station(s) for the purposes of their campaign work. This could include allowing branches and user groups to collect and analyse data on station facilities in their area, campaigning for improvements to facilities at particular stations; or to highlight examples of good practice or innovative ways of delivering improvements to station facilities. For ease of use this form has been broken down into separate sections covering different areas of the station and types of facility (e.g. access to the station; parking; buying a ticket; information and wayfinding; interchange with other public transport; etc.) provided. Obviously, not all of these sections will be applicable to every station as the facilities will vary according to the size, level of usage and location of individual stations, so the layout of this form is designed to enable users to skip those sections that are not applicable: this is also why the sections relating to interchange with trams and metro services as they apply to comparatively few stations.
    [Show full text]
  • DLA Piper. Details of the Member Entities of DLA Piper Are Available on the Website
    EUROPEAN PPP REPORT 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Report has been published with particular thanks to: The EPEC Executive and in particular, Livia Dumitrescu, Goetz von Thadden, Mathieu Nemoz and Laura Potten. Those EPEC Members and EIB staff who commented on the country reports. Each of the contributors of a ‘View from a Country’. Line Markert and Mikkel Fritsch from Horten for assistance with the report on Denmark. Andrei Aganimov from Borenius & Kemppinen for assistance with the report on Finland. Maura Capoulas Santos and Alberto Galhardo Simões from Miranda Correia Amendoeira & Associados for assistance with the report on Portugal. Gustaf Reuterskiöld and Malin Cope from DLA Nordic for assistance with the report on Sweden. Infra-News for assistance generally and in particular with the project lists. All those members of DLA Piper who assisted with the preparation of the country reports and finally, Rosemary Bointon, Editor of the Report. Production of Report and Copyright This European PPP Report 2009 ( “Report”) has been produced and edited by DLA Piper*. DLA Piper acknowledges the contribution of the European PPP Expertise Centre (EPEC)** in the preparation of the Report. DLA Piper retains editorial responsibility for the Report. In contributing to the Report neither the European Investment Bank, EPEC, EPEC’s Members, nor any Contributor*** indicates or implies agreement with, or endorsement of, any part of the Report. This document is the copyright of DLA Piper and the Contributors. This document is confidential and personal to you. It is provided to you on the understanding that it is not to be re-used in any way, duplicated or distributed without the written consent of DLA Piper or the relevant Contributor.
    [Show full text]
  • Hizli Rayli Sistemlerin Yolcu Taşima Kapasite Hesaplamalari Ve Türkiyedeki Benzer Sistemlerin Birbirleriyle Karşilaştirilmasi
    HIZLI RAYLI SİSTEMLERİN YOLCU TAŞIMA KAPASİTE HESAPLAMALARI VE TÜRKİYEDEKİ BENZER SİSTEMLERİN BİRBİRLERİYLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Ilgaz CANDEMİR_ , Serhan TANYEL_ SUMMARY Rail transit systems are found to be the most trusted transit systems all over the world. They have become one of the main parts of daily urban life as they provide, fast, safe and comfortable journey for passengers. If they are planned precisely, capacities up to10000-40000 passengers/hour can be achieved. They are also used as an important tool for to maintain well developed cities and provide dynamic city centers. In this study, some of the most important rail transit systems in Turkey are introduced. Their capacities tried to be determined by using different capacity calculation methods and the results are tired to be compared. ÖZET Dünyada halen en güvenilir ulaşõm modu, raylõ sistemlerdir. Gelişen teknolojinin yansõmasõ ile birlikte hõz, sinyalizasyon ve konfor problemlerini çözen kentsel raylõ sistemler büyük şehirler için vazgeçilmez olmuşlardõr. Planlama ,dizayn,araç ve ekipman seçimi, inşaat ve sonrasõnda çok titiz bir işletim isteyen metro hatlarõ ortalama 10000-40000 yolcu/saat kapasiteleri olan güçlü toplu taşõmacõlõk sistemlerdir. Raylõ sistemler ayrõca kentin homojen olarak gelişmesinin sağlanmasõnda önemli bir araç olarak görülmekte ve dinamik kent merkezlerinin oluşturulmasõnda etken olmaktadõrlar. Bu bildiride Türkiye’deki raylõ sistemleri hakkõnda kõsaca bilgi verildikten sonra, Türkiye’deki bazõ önemli raylõ ulaşõm sistemlerinin kapasiteleri farklõ yöntemlerle hesaplanarak, birbirleriyle karşõlaştõrõlmaya çalõşõlmõştõr. 1.GİRİŞ Dünyada 179 farklõ şehrin benimsendiği Metro ,hafif raylõ ve tramvay gibi kentiçi raylõ ulaşõm sistemleri, son yõllarda geç kalõnmasõna rağmen belediyelerimizin de rağbet ettiği ve ulaşõm politikalarõnõn baş hedefi haline gelen pahalõ inşaat yatõrõmlarõdõr.
    [Show full text]
  • GMT Report2012.Qxp
    GLOBAL METRO PROJECTS REPORT 2012 Metropolitan railways (metros) are high capacity electric transport systems that operate on dedicated routes, and can thereby achieve high service speed and frequency. Over the last few years, metros (also known as subway, underground or tube) have evolved as an efficient and effective urban mobility solution in addressing the growing concerns of urbanisation and climate change. This is supported by the fact that despite high capital requirements the sector witnessed a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7 per cent between 2005 and 2010. In high density urban areas, metros form the backbone of integrated public transport systems and offer proven economic, social and environmental benefits. Given the huge investment requirement and long life span, metro systems have always been a driving force for technological and financial innovations. Government and metro operators are constantly seeking solutions to improve reliability and customer service, lower fuel and maintenance costs, as well as increase efficiency and safety levels in operations. The Global Metro Projects Report provides updated information on the world's top 101 metro projects that present significant capital investment opportunities. These projects have a total existing network length of about 8,900 km and a proposed length of over 8,000 km. The report covers 51 countries representing about 80 per cent of the world’s gross domestic product. It presents the key information required to assess investment opportunities in the development of new lines, extension and upgrade of existing lines, rolling stock procurement and refurbishment, power and communication systems upgrades, fare collection, as well as station construction and refurbishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Tyne and Wear Metro DPPP
    Annette Egginton Head of Competition and Consumer Policy Directorate of Railway Markets & Economics Email: [email protected] 28 February 2017 David Gibson Managing Director Tyne and Wear Metro Dear David Review of DB Regio Tyne and Wear Limited (Trading as Tyne and Wear Metro) Disabled Peoples Protection Policy (Condition 5 of the Station Licence and Passenger Train Licence) Thank you for providing updated versions of your Disabled People’s Protection Policy (DPPP) documents for review. A copy of your revised DPPP is attached to this letter, and will be published on our website along with a copy of this letter. I confirm that we have reviewed your DPPP against the 2009 Guidance “How to write your Disabled People’s Protection Policy: A guide for Train and Station Operators” (the Guidance) and can confirm that your revised DPPP meets the requirements of Condition 5 of your station licence and passenger train licence. We welcome your reduced notice period for assistance bookings which requires passengers to give 6 hours’ notice for assistance booking when travelling on your services. We believe this is likely to be positive for passengers. Since your DPPP was originally submitted to ORR we have had several exchanges in the intervening period in order to bring about the changes required to make it fully compliant with the Guidance. We also sought views on your policies from Transport Focus and the Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC). The main areas where you clarified your policies during our review were: Provision of ramps: The guidance states that ramps must be made available at staffed stations to provide assistance to passengers when boarding or alighting the train.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning Volume 1, Issue 2, pp:132-151. ISSN: 2147-9380 available online at: www.iconarp.com ICONARP Successes and Failures in Urban Development of Ankara Özge YALÇINER ERCOŞKUN Abstract Ankara, the capital of Turkey, represents a modern model city built in Keywords: the Republican period after 1923. The majority of the countries’ Ankara, Urban Planning, Car- Oriented policies, Transformation, population resides in this city after İstanbul and political, social and economic functions are mostly clustered in the urban zone. After 1940s, Urban Sustainability the city changed dramatically. Its population grew enormously and the city expanded through conversion of agricultural lands in the west. In addition, political and educational developments produced a significant Özge YALÇINER ERCOŞKUN, Doç.Dr. population of officials and students within the city. This paper focuses Gazi Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, on patterns of settlement in Ankara from ancient times to today and Ankara. explains these from developments in the urban planning perspective. It [email protected] concludes that the global shopping malls and local transport- landuse policies together with the structure of housing market have directed the city to car-oriented sprawled development without an identity, encouraged the development of gated communities in the city. It InternationalJournal Architectureof and Planning Özge YALÇINER ERCOŞKUN concludes by posing the question whether this may change in the future and more mixed use can be expected. Özet Türkiye’nin başkenti Ankara, 1923’te Cumhuriyetin kurulmasıyla modern kentin simgesi olmuştur. İstanbul’dan sonra ülke nüfusunun çoğunluğunun yaşadığı kentte politik, sosyal ve ekonomik işlevler kentsel bölgede kümelenmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • Trams Der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1
    www.blickpunktstrab.net – Trams der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1 Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Metro ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Constantine ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Oran ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Ouragla ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sétif ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sidi Bel Abbès ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF ... Metro ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Caballito ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Lacroze (General Urquiza) ... Interurban (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Premetro E ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Tren de la Costa ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Córdoba, Córdoba ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Mar del Plata, BA ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 900 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Valle Hermoso, Córdoba ... Tram-Museum (Electric) ... 600 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Metro ... 1524 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Trolleybus Australia ... Adelaide, SA - Glenelg ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Ballarat, VIC ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Bendigo, VIC ... Heritage-Tram
    [Show full text]
  • 47F Otobüs Saatleri Ve Hat Haritası
    47F otobüs saatleri ve hat haritası 47F 4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro / Son Web Sitesi Modunda Görüntüle Durak Yönü 47F otobüs hattı (4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro / Son Durak Yönü) arası 2 güzergah içeriyor. Hafta içi günlerde çalışma saatleri: (1) 4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro / Son Durak Yönü: 07:05 - 21:50 (2) Çırçır Metro / Son Durak Yönü →4.Levent Metro: 06:15 - 21:05 Size en yakın 47F otobüs durağınıbulmak ve sonraki 47F otobüs varış saatini öğrenmek için Moovit Uygulamasını kullanın. Varış yeri: 4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro 47F otobüs Saatleri / Son Durak Yönü 4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro / Son Durak Yönü 26 durak Güzergahı Saatleri: HAT SAATLERİNİ GÖRÜNTÜLE Pazartesi 07:05 - 21:50 Salı 07:05 - 21:50 4.Levent Metro Eski Büyükdere Cd., Bebek Çarşamba 07:05 - 21:50 4.Levent / Maslak Yönü Perşembe 07:05 - 21:50 Cuma 07:05 - 21:50 Sultan Selim Mahallesi Cumartesi 07:05 - 21:50 Oto Sanayi Pazar 07:05 - 21:50 Türk Telekom Stadyumu / Edırnekapı Yönü Metin Oktay Caddesi 47F otobüs Bilgi Vadistanbul Yön: 4.Levent Metro →Çırçır Metro / Son Durak Hasdal Viyadük Altı Yönü Duraklar: 26 Yolculuk Süresi: 46 dk Sadabad-2 Viyadüğü Hat Özeti: 4.Levent Metro, 4.Levent / Maslak Yönü, Sultan Selim Mahallesi, Oto Sanayi, Türk Selçuklu Caddesi Telekom Stadyumu / Edırnekapı Yönü, Metin Oktay Caddesi, Vadistanbul, Hasdal Viyadük Arıcılar / Son Durak Yönü Altı, Sadabad-2 Viyadüğü, Selçuklu Caddesi, Arıcılar / Son Durak Yönü, Hasdal / Sılahtar Hasdal / Sılahtar Yönü Yönü, 15 Temmuz Şehitler Caddesi, 5.Levent A D020, Okmeydani / Fınanskent Yönü, Finanskent,
    [Show full text]
  • İşin Adı : DUDULLU-BOSTANCI METROSU İNŞAAT VE
    DUDULLU-BOSTANCI METROSU İNŞAAT VE ELEKTROMEKANİK İşin Adı : İŞLERİ, YER ALTI AKTARMA MERKEZLERİ (Otoparklar), DEPO ALANI İLE YÖNETİM BİNASI VE KONTROL MERKEZİ İNŞAATI İşveren : İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi İşin Yeri : Ümraniye / İstanbul Başlangıç Tarihi : 01.03.2017 Bitiş Tarihi : 30.12.2017 İşin Bedeli : 5.939.434+KDV Müteahhit : Şenbay – Kolin- Kalyon Dudullu Bostancı Metro Yapım Ortaklığı N5 MAKASI S3 ŞAFTI MAKAS ve TÜNEL KAZI ve DESTEK İŞLERİ’nin Sözleşme Kapsamı : yaptırılması. ERGENE HAVZASI OSB MÜŞTEREK ATIKSU ARITMA TESİSLERİNDE ARITILMIŞ ATIKSULARIN MARMARA DENİZİNE İşin Adı : DEŞARJINI SAĞLAYACAK TOPLAMA HATLARI, TÜNELLER VE DERİN DEŞARJ SİSTEMİ” BİLEŞENİ OLAN KARA BORU HATTI İNŞAATI İşveren : Çerkezköy Organize Sanayi Bölgesi İşin Yeri : Çorlu / TEKİRDAĞ Başlangıç Tarihi : 01.07.2017 Bitiş Tarihi : 30.10.2017 İşin Bedeli : 1.214.434+KDV Müteahhit : Alke İnş.San.Ve Tic.A.Ş-Güçlü İnş.San.Ve Tic.Ltd.Şti İş Ortaklığı Sözleşme Kapsamı : Ø630 hattında Türkgücü bağlantısının yapılması işleri ÜSKÜDAR - ÜMRANİYE - ÇEKMEKÖY METROSU VE İşin Adı : ELEKTROMEKANİK SİSTEMLERİ PROJESİ NATM TÜNEL İŞLERİ İşveren : İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi İşin Yeri : Ümraniye / İstanbul Başlangıç Tarihi : 06.04.2016 Bitiş Tarihi : 30.12.2016 İşin Bedeli : 4.049.031,97+KDV Müteahhit : Doğuş İnşaat ve Ticaret A.Ş. Metro Projesinde Bulunan; Tüm Şaft Ve Her Tipte Yapılmış Tünellerin; Sözleşme Kapsamı : Su Yalıtımı Ve Tünel Kaplama Betonu Yapımı MECİDİYEKÖY-MAHMUTBEY METRO HATTI, DEPO- BAKIM İşin Adı : SAHASI VE DEPO BAĞLANTI HATLARI İNŞAAT İŞLERİ İşveren : İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi İşin Yeri : Alibeyköy / İstanbul Başlangıç Tarihi : 02.02.2016 Bitiş Tarihi : 30.12.2016 İşin Bedeli : 5.661.812,55+ KDV Müteahhit : Şenbay – Kolin- Kalyon Dudullu Bostancı Metro Yapım Ortaklığı Metro Projesinde Bulunan; Tüm Şaft Ve Her Tipte Yapılmış Tünellerin; Sözleşme Kapsamı : Su Yalıtımı Ve Tünel Kaplama Betonu Yapımı “KASTAMONU ÇANKIRI (ILGAZ TÜNELİ DAHİL) YOLU İşin Adı : KM:32+150 - 43+966.21G / 49+400İ VE 48+300 - 64+425G / 3+391.66İ - 44+680 KESİMLERİNİN” Yapım İşi T.C.
    [Show full text]