Grasslike plants Shrub and tree DECLARED PLANTS OF African feathergrass African lovegrass buffel grass Chilean needlegrass African boxthorn Aleppo pine athel pine berry heath boneseed Cape broom Pennisetum macrourum Eragrostis curvula Cenchrus ciliaris, Nassella neesiana Lycium ferocissimum Pinus halepensis Tamarix aphylla Erica baccans Chrysanthemoides monilifera Genista monspessulana SOUTH AUSTRALIA Cenchrus pennisetiformis ARE THEY ON YOUR LAND?
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Competes with pastures, Competes with pastures Invades rangeland Invades pastures and Forms prickly thickets Invades native vegetation Excludes native plants Invades bushland Invades bushland, Invades bushland, fire hazard fire hazard Perennial grass with grey-green, vegetation, excludes native bushland, sharp seeds in native vegetation Large spreading tree. along watercourses Shrub with fine green leaves displaces native plants Erect, evergreen leguminous Perennial grass forming large, spreading flower heads. species, fire hazard Small perennial tussock grass. and pasture Branches have silvery bark, Large tree with weeping and small globular pink flowers. Woody erect shrub. Broad shrub. Leaves with three dense tussocks with long, Curled leaf tips. Perennial tussock grass. Purplish flowering heads. Seeds Large shrub. Light green fleshy narrow grey-green needles branches. Grey-green shoots bright green, waxy leaves downy leaflets. Yellow pea with an awn, surrounded at slender flower heads. Seed heads form a dense, leaves. Flowers are white with in pairs, and smooth have tiny scale leaves that with some white down. flowers in clusters. its base by a crown of bristles. purple blotches. Round red berries. hairy cylindrical spike. Also declared: Stipoid grasses reddish brown cones. exude salt. Flowers small, Yellow daisy flower heads. Short hairy pods with hard, including Texas needlegrass Stems are much branched, pale pink. Green-black berries. round seeds. (N. leucotricha) rigid, and spine-tipped. Coolatai grass fountain grass innocent weed Mexican feathergrass desert ash dog rose English/Scotch broom European blackberry flaxleaf broom gorse Hyparrhenia hirta Cenchrus setaceus Cenchrus incertus, Nassella tenuissima Fraxinus angustifolia Rosa canina Cytisus scoparius Rubus fruticosus sp agg. Genista linifolia Ulex europaeus Cenchrus longispinus
There are over 137 declared plants in South Australia. See inside for 72 plants that are either more commonly encountered, or are newly emerging threats.
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Fire hazard, invades pastures Invades pastures Competes with irrigated Competes with pastures, Invades native vegetation Forms prickly thickets, Invades bushland, Invades bushland and pastures, Invades bushland, fire hazard Forms spiny thickets, and bushland and bushland crops, burrs injure animals spiny seeds along streams invades pasture fire hazard forms impenetrable thickets Erect, evergreen leguminous competes with pasture Large perennial grass. V-shaped Perennial tussock grass. Small annual summer-growing Perennial. Thin, tightly rolled, Deciduous tree. Leaves in Large deciduous shrub. Erect Erect, summer-deciduous, Scrambling perennial. White or shrub. Soft, hairy, ribbed stems. and native vegetation pairs of spikelets on branched Grey-green leaves. Long flower grasses. Soft leaves. Flower finely serrated leaves. opposite pairs, pinnate with or scrambling with prickly woody leguminous shrub. pink flowers followed by berries Leaves with three downy Spiny, densely branched woody flowering stems. spikes with dull purple bristles. heads of sharp-spined burrs. Recently sold by nurseries 3–9 leaflets. Flat, winged stems and leaves. Scented pale Green, ridged stems ripening to black. Leaves have leaflets. Yellow pea flowers in leguminous shrub. Leaves small, under various names. single-seeded fruits. pink flowers. Red fruits (hips). becoming leafless. 3–5 leaflets, short prickles on clusters. Short hairy pods with on green spine-like twigs. Large, Distinguished from sweet briar underside. Long stems/canes yellow pea flowers. Oblong hairy by smooth flower stalks and fruit. Large yellow pea flowers. carry numerous prickles. hard, round seeds. pods contain hard round seeds.
Declared plants and you… Five tips for successful nutgrass pampas grasses Italian buckthorn may mesquite parkinsonia polygala prickly pear Every landowner in South Australia has legal weed control Cyperus rotundus Cortaderia spp. Rhamnus alaternus Crataegus monogyna Prosopis spp. Parkinsonia aculeata Polygala myrtifolia Opuntia spp. responsibilities to manage declared plants. These are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources 1 Prevention is cheap – Insist that vehicles, machinery, Management Act 2004. Declared plants are significant livestock and produce coming onto your property weed threats to our State’s primary production do not carry weed seeds. Report sales of declared industries, natural environments and public safety. plants. Pay particular attention to Alert Weeds, which have yet to become established in South Australia. Plants may be declared under various sections of the NRM Act, relating to: 2 Find weeds early – Get to know plants on your property and quickly identify and deal with new threats. Movement – Some declared plants must not be moved on a public road (e.g. as a cutting, seed or 3 Watch your spread – Take measures to contain potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of the weed infestations and prevent further seed 18 9 3 plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce dispersal across your property. may also be illegal. 4 Plan your controls – Obtain information about Invades pastures, crops and Invade bushland, displace Invades forest and Invades bushland Invades rangeland, forms Invades watercourses Invades and competes Prickly thickets, compete gardens, very hard to kill native species, fire hazard coastal vegetation prickly thickets in rangelands in coastal vegetation with native vegetation Sale – Most declared plants must not be sold at any managing your target weed. Map the area you Winter deciduous shrub Succulent, spiny perennials outlet including nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. need to treat. Treat weeds when they are young. Perennial sedge to 60 cm Giant perennial tussock Shrub. Glossy dark-green ovate or small tree. Spined branches Shrubs and trees. Bipinnate Small spiny tree with zig-zag Evergreen shrub. Leaves are Use the recommended control method. Use with many tubers, shiny grasses. Leaves tough, leaves. Berries (on female plants) and lobed leaves. leaves with thorns at base. branches. Long green leaf stalks oblong to oval. Pea-like flowers with flattened stem segments. Sale of any animal, soil, vehicle, machinery or produce Leaves absent. Flowers large, contaminated with these plants is also illegal. selective herbicides where possible. Minimise dark-green leaves. grey-green with sharp, red at first, ripening black. White flowers. Round, Long dense clusters of yellow with tiny leaflets. Bright yellow are mainly purple with a pair damage to non-weeds. Establish and promote serrated edges. Tall, fluffy red fleshy fruits. flowers resembling wattle. flowers. Pods light brown and of large petal-like wings, and with numerous red to yellow Notification – The presence and locations of some competing vegetation. petals. Red fleshy fruits. flower spikes, may be pinkish Seeds in large lobed pods. swollen around each seed. three petals, the lowest with Note: spineless O. ficus indica declared plants on your own land must be reported at first, fading to white. a brushlike crest. to the NRM group Biosecurity Unit or your regional 5 Persistence, persistence – Continue follow-up is not declared. NRM office Natural Resources Centre. treatments for as many years as necessary. Some plants may have been missed, some may have Control – As a landowner you are required to take survived treatment and new seedlings may emerge. serrated tussock spiny rush rope cacti sweet briar sweet pittosporum tamarisks tree heath white weeping brooms action to destroy or control many declared plant species Nassella trichotoma Juncus acutus Cylindropuntia spp. Rosa rubiginosa Pittosporum undulatum Tamarix pauciflora, Erica arborea Retama monosperma, present on your property, regardless of whether it is Tamarix ramosissima Retama raetam used as a business, residence or for other purposes. Identification key: NRM authorities also control certain declared plants State Alert weeds on road reserves and can recover costs of control from the adjoining landowners. Photo credits key: Find out what provisions of the NRM Act apply 1 Blewett, David 9 Imhof, Mark to each declared plant in your area by contacting 2 Blood, Kate 10 Meyer, Thomas your regional NRM office. Information is online at 3 Ciesla, William M. Forest 11 Michelmore, Peter Health Management 12 Powell, Dave USDA Forest www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecurity/weeds_and_pest_ International, Bugwood.org Service, Bugwood.org animals/plant_pests_in_south_australia 4 Dean, Julie 13 Queensland Government 19 15 4 1 5 Gaeti 14 Roberts, Grant 6 Gillen, Paul 15 Salguero, Alberto State Alert weeds 7 Grech, Charles Competes with pastures Invades wetlands and Compete with native Prickly thickets compete Invades native forest Invade coastal and low Invades bushland Invade native vegetation 16 Schwartz, Howard F. pasture, unpalatable, 8 Harvey, Adrian RSSA Colorado State University, Small perennial tussock. vegetation, form with pasture Evergreen tree with broad rainfall riparian areas Tall shrub with fine leaves Shrubs with grey-green Plants indicated in red are State Alerts – Bugwood.org obstructs water flow prickly thickets if you see one of these plants then please Thread-like, tightly rolled Large deciduous shrub. leaves. Scented cream flowers. Small trees. Grey-green shoots and small white flowers. weeping branchlets and scale 17 Shepherd, Ben leaves with fine serrations near Large perennial tussocks. Succulent, spiny perennials Erect or scrambling with Orange berries with many have tiny scale leaves that leaves. Small white flowers. report it immediately to your nearest Leaves cylindrical, ending in a 18 Starr, Forest & Kim the base. Loose, drooping with rounded, rope-like, prickly stems and leaves. sticky seeds. exude salt. Flowers small, Natural Resources Centre. 19 www.weedinfo.com.au sharp spine. Flowers brownish 20 Xemenedura flower heads. Small seeds green in dense clusters. Large green leafless stems. Flowers Pale pink scented flowers. pale pink. with long awns. seed capsules, egg-shaped large, with numerous red Red fruits (hips) with glandular but pointed, 5 mm long. to yellow petals. hairs on their stalks. Herb Creeper Advice on managing declared plants African rue apple of Sodom bifora bladder campion blue mustard broomrapes asparagus fern bluebell creeper bridal creeper – bridal creeper – Landowners have a legal responsibility to control Peganum harmala Solanum linnaeanum Bifora testiculata Silene vulgaris Chorispora tenella introduced Orobanche spp. Asparagus scandens Billardiera fusiformis, common form Western Cape form declared plants. South Australia’s eight regional Billardiera heterophylla Asparagus asparagoides Asparagus asparagoides Natural Resources Management Boards coordinate and enforce local and regional control programs for declared plants. Declarations of plants (including local requirements for control) vary between and within NRM regions. Priority species for regional control programs also vary depending on the threats a weed poses in particular localities, whether it is a new invader or widespread, ease of control and time of year. 1 10
Invades rangeland Invades perennial pastures Competes with crops Competes with crops and Competes with crops Parasitic on broadleaf crops Invades woodlands, Smothers native plants Smothers native plants Smothers native plants pastures, unpalatable Perennial subshrub. Long, spiny Annual herb with coriander-like pastures, hard to kill and pastures including vegetables smothers native plants Woody climber with oblong, Climber with perennial rhizome Cladodes larger, thicker and Bushy perennial with a bitter leaves. Large, round green smell, divided leaves, and small Perennial with creeping roots. Winter annual to 60 cm covered Annuals. Leafless flowering Climber with perennial dark-green leaves, blue flowers and shiny oval pale green dark blue-green. Larger tubers smell. Cream coloured berries, brown when mature. white flowers in umbrella-like Blue-green basal leaves. with tiny sticky hairs. Musky stems briefly emerge from rhizome and narrow, lance- and cylindrical blue berries. cladodes resembling leaves. in vertical clusters. odour. Leaves simple with 5-petalled flowers. Leaves clusters. Fruit in pairs. Balloon-like calyx below shallowly-toothed margins. underground rootstocks shaped cladodes in threes, Round berries turn orange-red divided into narrow straps. 5 white flower petals. Flowers with four mauve petals. attached to hosts. giving a fern-like appearance. when ripe. Long pods split into segments. Orange-red berries.
bulbil watsonia Calomba daisy caltrop Cape tulips carrion flower creeping knapweed bridal veil dodders dolichos pea field bindweed Watsonia meriana Oncosiphon suffruticosum Tribulus terrestris Moraea flaccida, Orbea variegata Rhaponticum repens Asparagus declinatus introduced Cuscuta spp. Dipogon lignosus Convolvulus arvensis South Australia’s var. bulbillifera Moraea miniata NRM Board regions Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Alinytjara Wilurara Eyre Peninsula Kangaroo Island Northern and Yorke 2 5 14 3 16 South Australian Arid Lands Competes with pasture Invades annual pastures, Spiny burrs, can be toxic Competes with pastures, Invades rangelands, Competes with crops Smothers native plants Parasitic on lucerne Invades bushland, Competes with crops South Australian Murray-Darling Basin and native vegetation unpalatable to livestock toxic to livestock unpalatable to livestock and pastures and other crops smothers vegetation and pasture Climber with perennial South East Perennial growing in winter Winter annual. Grey, finely- Prostrate summer annual. Grows in winter from corms. Prostrate succulent with fleshy Perennial herb with deep root rhizome, needle-shaped, Annual leafless twiner. Fine Woody climber. Leaves with Perennial herb. Trailing and from a corm. Erect sword- divided leaves with camomile Creeping stems from a central Pink to orange flowers. M. flaccida leafless stems. Large, foul system and creeping rhizomes, blue-green cladodes. Large, tangled white to orange stems three leaflets. Mauve-pink pea twining stems. Leaves oval, This pamphlet is intended as a guide to pest plant regulations shaped leaves. Tall flowering scent. Numerous small yellow root. Blue-green leaves has one long, flat leaf. M. miniata smelling, starfish-shaped blue-green leaves, and mauve ovoid, whitish berries. attach to host plants. Masses flowers. Seeds in short pods. oblong to arrowhead shaped. has two or three leaves per in South Australia under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004. stem bears red flowers and flower heads. divided into oblong leaflets. flowers mottled dull purple thistle flower heads. of tiny white flowers, seeds Flowers are white and plant and clusters of small and yellow. Seeds wind- It does not replace the Act and should not be relied upon as a legal bulbils instead of seeds. Yellow flowers. fleshy bulbils in the leaf axils. dispersed from large pods. in globular capsules. funnel-shaped. document. Declarations and regulations change from time to time.
South Australian Murray-Darling Basin cutleaf mignonette gazania horehound horsetail khaki weed Lincoln weed Noogoora burr parthenium weed Natural Resources South Australia www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/samurraydarlingbasin/ Reseda lutea Gazania spp. Marrubium vulgare Equisetum spp. Alternanthera pungens Diplotaxis tenuifolia Xanthium strumarium Parthenium hysterophorus Contact your Natural Resources Centre to get advice Murray Bridge 8532 9100 on which declarations are relevant for you and your Berri 8580 1800 property, and how to manage your weed problems: Burra 8892 3033 Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Cambrai 8564 5154 www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/ Karoonda 8578 1493 adelaidemtloftyranges/ Lameroo 8576 3400 Mount Barker 8391 7500 Black Hill 8336 0901 Strathalbyn 8536 5600 Eastwood 8273 9100 Gawler 8523 7700 South East 8 11 8 13 Victor Harbor 8552 3677 www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/southeast/ Willunga 8550 3400 Mt Gambier 8735 1177 Competes with crops Invades bushland, Competes with pastures, Invades pasture and Invades pastures, Competes with pastures, Competes with pasture Competes in pastures, toxic Woodside 8336 0901 Keith 8755 1620 and pastures crops and vineyards unpalatable wetlands, toxic to livestock spiny seeds unpalatable to livestock and riparian vegetation, and allergenic to humans Naracoorte 8762 9706 Alinytjara Wilurara Perennial herb with deep root Perennial herb forming tussocks Perennial herb, densely covered Perennial fern with deep Prostrate, summer growing Deep-rooted perennial herb. burrs contaminate wool Tall, summer-growing annual system. Leaves divided into or creeping stems. Leaves in white hairs. Leaves in creeping rhizomes. Erect, perennial herb. Extensive root Leaves alternate, deeply Summer-growing erect annual herb. Pale grey-green, deeply www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/alinytjara-wilurara/ simple and narrow, or deeply narrow segments. Yellow opposite pairs, broad, crinkled. hollow, finely ribbed shoots system. Broad ovate leaves. divided. Yellow, 4-petalled herb with grapevine-like leaves. lobed leaves with fine hairs. Adelaide (head office) 8463 4860 Biosecurity SA divided; dark green above and Inconspicuous flowers flowers in erect spikes, and white-felted below. Large daisy Tiny white flowers. Small burrs with rings of scale leaves. flowers. Strong taste. Used Flowers inconspicuous, green. Small, white daisy flowers Ceduna 8625 3706 Contact Biosecurity SA for more information green seed capsules. in dense clusters. Spores in cones at the top are surrounded by pale in salads as wild rocket. Burrs covered in small spines. on stem tips. flowerheads in yellow, white, Eyre Peninsula on declared plants: orange or pink. of stems. spine-tipped bracts. www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/eyrepeninsula/ NRM Biosecurity Unit Email [email protected] poison buttercup salvation Jane silverleaf nightshade skeleton weed three corner jack variegated thistle water dropwort yellow burrweed Ceduna 8625 3144 Cleve 8628 2077 Phone 8303 9620 Ranunculus sceleratus Echium plantagineum Solanum elaeagnifolium Chondrilla juncea Emex australis Silybum marianum Oenanthe pimpinelloides Amsinckia spp. Port Lincoln 8688 3111 Streaky Bay 8626 1108 What about aquatic weeds? Kangaroo Island See the separate brochure Aquatic Weeds www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/kangarooisland/ of South Australia, available in hard copy from Kingscote 8553 4444 Biosecurity SA and on the website: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecurity/ Northern and Yorke weeds_and_pest_animals www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/northernandyorke/ Clare 8841 3400 6 South Australian Arid Lands Toxic to livestock Competes in pastures, Competes with crops Competes with crops Competes in pastures and Competes in pasture, Competes with pastures, Competes with crops and www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/aridlands/ crops, spiny seeds toxic, spiny leaves unpalatable pastures, toxic to livestock Annual herb. Leaves bright toxic to livestock and pastures Perennial herb with creeping Port Augusta 8648 5300 green, glossy and deeply Annual herb, producing Perennial herb with woody roots. Leaves deeply toothed, Prostrate to semi-erect, winter Annual or biennial with tall Grows annually from tubers. Annual herb, producing divided into three lobes. rosettes of broad dark-green rootstock and deep spreading in a basal rosette. Flowering growing annual. Dark green, stems from a basal rosette. Finely divided leaves. Flat rosettes of leaves in autumn. Flowers have five small yellow leaves in autumn. Covered roots. Silvery-green, felted stems branched, wiry, leafless. oval leaves. Three-spined fruits. Spiny leaves blotched with clusters of white flowers Covered in short, bristly hairs. petals, each forming numerous in short, bristly hairs. Purple leaves. Violet flowers with Numerous, small, yellow white veins. Groups of large, on long stalks. Small yellow flowers in spring. tiny, flattened green achenes flowers in spring, each yellow stamens. Green berries flower heads. purple flower heads. with small beaks. forming four seeds. turning yellow.