La Storia Dei Rapporti Della Lituania E Di Vilnius Con La Lombardia E

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La Storia Dei Rapporti Della Lituania E Di Vilnius Con La Lombardia E I LegamI tra La LombardIa e La LItuanIa neL XvIII sec. Ties between Lombardy and LItHuanIa In tHe 18tH c. LombardIjos Ir LIetuvos ryšIaI XvIII a. La storia dei rapporti della Lituania e di Vilnius con At least six architects continue the ties of Lithuania XVIII a. Lietuvos ir Vilniaus ryšių su Lombardija la Lombardia e Milano nel secolo XVIII fu continuata and Vilnius with Lombardy and Milan in the 18th c. who ir Milanu istoriją tęsia bent šeši architektai. Į Lietuvos da almeno sei architetti che giunsero nel Granducato arrived in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the Luga- Didžiąją Kunigaikštystę jie atvyko iš Lugano apylinkių. di Lituania, pure loro, dai dintorni di Lugano. Erano no area. They were Carlo Antonio Bai from Maliaso, An- Tai Karlas Antonijus Bajus iš Maljazo (Maliaso), Antoni- Carlo Antonio Bai da Maliaso, Antonio Paraca e Paolo tonio Paraca and Paolo Fontana from Valsolda, Dome- jus Paraka ir Paolas Fontana iš Valsoldos (Valsolda), Do- Fontana da Valsolda, Domenico Fontana e, padre e figlio, nico Fontana and the father and son Giuseppe Giacomo menikas Fontana bei tėvas ir sūnus Džuzepė Džakomas Giuseppe Giacomo Fontana e Giuseppe Fontana. Questi Fontana and Giuseppe Fontana. These artists, alongside ir Džuzepė Fontanos. Šie menininkai ir iš Vidurio Euro- artisti, insieme agli architetti provenienti dall’Europa architects from Central Europe, had great influence on pos kilę architektai turėjo didelę įtaką Vilniaus ir visos centrale, esercitarono una grande influenza sul carattere creating the architectural Late Baroque and Rococo cha- Lietuvos vėlyvojo Baroko bei Rokoko architektūros cha- architettonico improntato al tardo barocco e al rococò racter of Vilnius and all of Lithuania. rakteriui. dei tanti monumenti a Vilnius e in tutta la Lituania. Besides the artistis ties of the 18th c., it is also neces- Be meninių XVIII a. ryšių, būtina atkreipti dėmesį Oltre ai rapporti artistici del XVIII sec. è doveroso sary to draw attention to the political and spiritual links. ir į politinius bei dvasinius saitus. Įdomus faktas, kad iš rivolgere l’attenzione anche alle relazioni politiche e An interesting fact is that of the 14 nuncios of the Apo- 14 Apaštalų Sosto nuncijų Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje religiose. Sarà una curiosa coincidenza, ma dei 14 nunzi stolic See in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the (jungtinėje Lenkijos ir Lietuvos valstybėje) nuo 1712 iki della Sede Apostolica che risiedettero nella Repubblica joint state of Poland and Lithuania) from 1712 to 1795, 1795 m. net septyni buvo gimę Milane: Benediktas Ode- delle due Nazioni (Stato comune polacco-lituano) dal as many as seven were born in Milan (Benedetto Ode- skalkis Erba, Džerolamas Arkintas, Fabricijus Serbelo- 1712 al 1795, ben sette erano nati a Milano (Benedetto scalchi, Gerolamo Archinto, Fabrizio Serbelloni, Albe- nis, Alberikas Arkintas, Antonijus Eudženijus Viskontis, Odescalchi, Gerolamo Archinto, Fabrizio Serbelloni, rico Archinto, Antonio Eugenio Visconti, Angelo Maria Andželas Marija Durinis, Lorencas Lita, o vienas – greta Alberico Archinto, Antonio Eugenio Visconti, Angelo Durini, Lorenzo Litta), and one from the neighbouring esančioje Brešoje Džovanis Andrėja Arketis. Vienas jų – Maria Durini, Lorenzo Litta), e uno, Giovanni Andrea Brescia (Giovanni Andrea Archetti). One of them – Be- Benediktas Erba Odeskalkis – netrukus buvo nominuo- Archetti, era originario della vicina Brescia. Uno di loro, nedetto Odescalchi Erba – was soon thereafter nomina- tas ir Milano arkivyskupu metropolitu, vėliau pakeltas Benedetto Odescalchi Erba, fu poco dopo nominato ted to be Milan’s archbiship metropolitan, and was raised kardinolu. arcivescovo metropolita di Milano e creato cardinale. to cardinal. XVIII a. pab., Europoje įsigalėjus Švietimo amžiaus Alla fine del XVIII sec., mentre in Europa si afferma- In the late 18th c. once the ideas of the Enlightenment idėjoms, Lietuvos sostinėje daugiau nei 20 metų praleido vano le idee dell’età dei lumi, si stabilì a Vilnius Stefano gained pace in Europe, Stefano Lorenzo Bisio, a doctor Pavijos universiteto medicinos ir filosofijos daktaras Lorenzo Bisio, dottore di medicina e di filosofia dell’Uni- in medicine and philosophy from the University of Pavia Steponas Laurynas Bizijas – anatomijos ir fiziologijos versità di Pavia, che visse nella capitale lituana per più di spent over 20 years in the Lithuanian capital, becoming mokslų Lietuvoje pradininkas. 20 anni e introdusse in Lituania le scienze di anatomia e the pioneer of anatomy and physiology in Lithuania. di fisiologia. Dopo i grandi incendi nella prima metà del XVIII sec., la capitale lituana era ormai essenzialmente una città tardo barocca. Si tratta di una peculiare scuola del barocco vilnense che annovera tra i suoi più importanti maestri gli artisti lombardi già menzionati. LDKVR The capital of Lithuania, Vilnius, became essentially a Late Una delle più eleganti e preziose chiese del tardo Baroque city after the major fires of the first half of the barocco a Vilnius è la chiesa dell’Ascensione del 18th c. A unique Vilnius Baroque school was formed, in convento dei missionari, costruita nel 1750– which the Lombardian artists served as some of the most 1756, dovuta principalmente a Johann Christoph important teachers. LDKVR Glaubitz, un architetto proveniente dall’Europa centrale che risentiva dell’influenza della Lietuvos sostinė Vilnius po XVIII a. 1 p. didelių gaisrų iš tradizione architettonica dell’Italia settentrionale. esmės tapo vėlyvojo Baroko miestu. Kalbama apie savitą LDKVR Vilniaus Baroko mokyklą, jos vieni svarbiausių mokytojų buvo Lombardijos menininkai. LDKVR One of the most elegant and decorative Late Baroque churches in Vilnius would be the Church of the Assumption of the Missionaries’ Monastery built in 1750–1756 mostly by architect Johann Christoph Glaubitz, born in Central Europe, but with a strong sense of Northern Italy’s architectural traditions. LDKVR Viena elegantiškiausių ir puošniausių Vilniaus vėlyvojo Baroko bažnyčių – 1750–1756 m. statyta misionierių vienuolyno Viešpaties Dangun Žengimo bažnyčia. Jos sukūrimui labai nusipelnė iš Vidurio Europos kilęs, bet Šiaurės Italijos architektūros tradicijos poveikį jautęs architektas Jonas Kristupas Glaubicas. LDKVR La chiesa conventuale carmelitana di Ognissanti a Vilniaus, in stile primo barocco, ha un separato campanile tardo barocco, elemento per molti secoli caratteristico della Lombardia e delle altre regioni dell’Italia settentrionale. LDKVR The Vilnius Carmelite Monastery Early Baroque Church of All Saints with the Late Baroque belfry (campanille) standing beside the church, as was typical to Lombardy and other areas of Northern Italy for centuries. LDKVR Vilniaus karmelitų vienuolyno ankstyvojo Baroko Visų Šventųjų bažnyčia su vėlyvojo Baroko varpine (campanille), stovinčia greta bažnyčios, – ilgus amžius tai buvo būdinga Lombardijai ir kitiems Šiaurės Italijos regionams. LDKVR Le chiese del tardo barocco a Vilnius sono caratterizzate da ricchi e colorati interni di finto marmo. Nella chiesa universitaria dei S. Giovanni e in quella domenicana del Santo Spirito si trovano i più impressionanti complessi degli altari. LDKVR Late Baroque churches in Vilnius are renowned for their rich and colourful imitation marble interiors. The most impressive altar ensembles were created for the university’s St John’s Church and the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit. LDKVR Vilniaus vėlyvojo Baroko bažnyčios išsiskiria turtingais ir spalvingais dirbtinio marmuro interjerais. Universitetinėje Šv. Jono ir domininkonų Šventosios Dvasios bažnyčiose Monumenti architettonici attribuiti alla scuola vilnense del tardo barocco (chiese, in prevalenza) si trovano su tutto il territorio sukurti įspūdingiausi altorių ansambliai. LDKVR di quello che fu una volta il Granducato di Lituania (nelle odierne Lituania, Bielorussia, Lettonia, Polonia e Ucraina). Una delle chiese più interessanti in stile tardo barocco vilnense in provincia lituana è la chiesa dei bernardini a Tytuvėnai, mentre nell’odierna Bielorussia, è la cattedrale ortodossa di Polock. LDKVR Architectural monuments attributed to the Vilnius Late Baroque school (mostly churches) can be found throughout the entire territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (in today’s Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Poland and Ukraine). One of the most interesting Vilnius Late Baroque churches in Lithuania’s provinces is the Tytuvėnai Bernardine Church and in today’s Belarus – the Polotsk Orthodox cathedral. LDKVR Vilniaus vėlyvojo Baroko mokyklai priskiriamų architektūros paminklų (daugiausia bažnyčių) galima rasti visoje buvusios Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teritorijoje (dab. Lietuvoje, Baltarusijoje, Latvijoje, Lenkijoje, Ukrainoje). Viena įdomiausių Vilniaus vėlyvojo Baroko bažnyčių Lietuvos provincijoje yra Tytuvėnų bernardinų bažnyčia, o dabartinėje Baltarusijoje – Polocko stačiatikių katedra. LDKVR.
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