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Pdf) 978-961-286-496-5 (Trda Vezava) Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – med ruralnimi in urbanimi perspektivami Urednik Gorazd Meško Julij 2021 Naslov Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – med ruralnimi in urbanimi Title perspektivami Safety and Security in Local Communities – Between Rural and Urban Perspectives Uredniki Gorazd Meško Editors (Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za varnostne vede) Recenzija Darko Maver Review (Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za varnostne vede) Zoran Kanduč (Univerza v Ljubljani, Pravna fakulteta) Jezikovni pregled Barbara Erjavec Language editing (Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za varnostne vede) Tehnična urednika Jan Perša Technical editors (Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba) Iza Kokoravec (Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za varnostne vede) Oblikovanje ovitka Jan Perša Cover designer (Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba) Grafika na ovitku Foto Piran, Slovenija; Avtor: vdugrain z Pixabay.com CC0 Cover graphic Grafične priloge Avtorji prispevkov Graphic material Založnik Univerza v Mariboru Published by Univerzitetna založba Slomškov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija https://press.um.si, [email protected] Izdajatelj Univerza v Mariboru Co-published by Fakulteta za varnostne vede Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija https://www.fvv.um.si, [email protected] Izdaja Prva izdaja Edition Vrsta publikacije E-knjiga Type of publication Dostopno na http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/588 Available at Izdano Maribor, julij 2021 Published at © Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba / University of Maribor, University Press Besedilo / Text © Avtorji in Meško, 2021 To delo je objavljeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Brez predelav 4.0 Mednarodna. / This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. Uporabnikom je dovoljeno reproduciranje brez predelave avtorskega dela, distribuiranje, dajanje v najem in priobčitev javnosti samega izvirnega avtorskega dela, in sicer pod pogojem, da navedejo avtorja in da ne gre za komercialno uporabo. Vsa gradiva tretjih oseb v tej knjigi so objavljena pod licenco Creative Commons, razen če to ni navedeno drugače. Če želite ponovno uporabiti gradivo tretjih oseb, ki ni zajeto v licenci Creative Commons, boste morali pridobiti dovoljenje neposredno od imetnika avtorskih pravic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 351.78:352(082) VARNOST v lokalnih skupnostih - med ruralnimi in urbanimi perspektivami [Elektronski vir] / urednik Gorazd Meško. - 1. izd. - E-publikacija. - Maribor : Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba, 2021 Način dostopa (URL): https://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/588 ISBN 978-961-286-495-8 doi: DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-495-8 1. Meško, Gorazd COBISS.SI-ID 70001923 Knjigo je sofinancirala Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije. ISBN 978-961-286-495-8 (pdf) 978-961-286-496-5 (trda vezava) DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-495-8 Cena Brezplačni izvod Price Odgovorna oseba založnika prof. dr. Zdravko Kačič, For publisher rektor Univerze v Mariboru Citiranje Meško, G. (ur.) (2021). Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – med Attribution ruralnimi in urbanimi perspektivami. Maribor: Univerzitetna založba. doi: 10.18690/978-961-286-495-8 VARNOST V LOKALNIH SKUPNOSTIH – MED RURALNIMI IN URBANIMI PERSPEKTIVAMI G. Meško (ur.) Kazalo / Table of Contents Uvodnik Editorial 1 Gorazd Meško Varnost ruralnih skupnosti v vse bolj urbaniziranem svetu The Security of Rural Communities in an Increasingly Urbanized World 5 Joseph F. Donnermeyer Sociološki vidiki življenja in občutkov ogroženosti v ruralnih in urbanih skupnostih v Sloveniji Sociological Perspectives on the Life and Threat Perceptions in Rural and Urban 27 Communities in Slovenia Aleš Bučar Ručman Pravica do varnosti – sinteza pravne ureditve na mednarodni, državni in lokalni ravni The Right to Security – A Synthesis of the Legal Regulation at the International, State and 53 Local Levels Benjamin Flander in Bojan Tičar Zaznavanje varnosti v Sloveniji – od nacionalnih k lokalnim varnostnim pojavom 81 Security Perception in Slovenia – From National Towards Local Security Phenomena Andrej Sotlar in Bernarda Tominc Kriminaliteta in zaznava varnostnih groženj pri policistih v urbanih in ruralnih skupnostih Crime and Police Officers' Perception of Security Threats in Urban and Rural Communities 107 Rok Hacin in Katja Eman Zaznave družbenih procesov, varnostnih težav in policije v urbanih soseskah – primer Ljubljane Perceptions of Social Processes, Security Issues and the Police in Urban Communities – the 135 Case of Ljubljana Urška Pirnat in Gorazd Meško Modeli, pristopi in izzivi policijske dejavnosti v Sloveniji Models, Approaches and Challenges of Policing in Slovenia 165 Branko Lobnikar in Kaja Prislan Mladoletniško prestopništvo v Sloveniji skozi leta Juvenile Delinquency in Slovenia Over the Years 199 Iza Kokoravec in Gorazd Meško g VARNOST V LOKALNIH SKUPNOSTIH – MED RURALNIMI IN URBANIMI PERSPEKTIVAMI G. Meško (ur.) Uvodnik GORAZD MEŠKO Pričujoča zbirka esejev o urbani in ruralni kriminologiji oz. kriminologiji prostora (ang. criminology of place) z naslovom Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – med ruralnimi in urbanimi perspektivami je rezultat dela raziskovalcev programske skupine Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – primerjava ruralnih in urbanih okolij ter vzpostavljanja mednarodnega sodelovanja z raziskovalci s področja ruralne kriminologije. Pisec uvodnega prispevka, Joseph Donnermeyer, predstavlja avtoriteto v mednarodnem okolju kot predsednik Oddelka za ruralno kriminologijo pri Ameriškem kriminološkem združenju (ang. Division of Rural Criminology, American Society of Criminology), dolgoletni raziskovalec na področju ruralne kriminologije na Šoli za okolje in naravne vire (ang. School of Environment and Natural Resources) ter zaslužni profesor Ohio State University v ZDA. V času od začetka raziskovalnega programa v letu 2015 smo obravnavali številne perspektive varnosti v lokalnih okoljih, v zadnjem obdobju po letu 2019 pa prehajamo na področje ruralne kriminologije, ki poudarja, da so bili začetki kriminologije posvečeni ruralnim in urbanim perspektivam, potem pa se je kriminologija zaradi urbanizacije ukvarjala predvsem z odklonskostjo, kriminaliteto in družbenim nadzorstvom v urbanih okoljih. Pričujoča publikacija odraža misel Jeana-Jacquesa Rousseauja nazaj k naravi, torej iz urbanega v ruralno okolje, okolje, ki si ga ljudje praviloma predstavljajo kot idiličnega, vendar skriva številne pasti, predvsem za urbanega človeka, za raziskovalca pa učenje o novih perspektivah, dinamiki odnosov med ljudmi, solidarnosti, odklonskosti in moči družbenega 2 VARNOST V LOKALNIH SKUPNOSTIH – MED RURALNIMI IN URBANIMI PERSPEKTIVAMI. nadzorstva, najsi bo to neformalno ali formalno in javno ali zasebno. Joseph Donnermeyer v pričujoči publikaciji uvodoma predstavi prispevek o varnosti v ruralnih skupnostih v vse bolj urbaniziranem svetu, pri čemer poudarja, da pregled literature o ruralnih perspektivah na področju odklonskosti, kriminalitete in družbenega nadzorstva kaže na dokaj veliko zanemarjenost ruralnih perspektiv v primerjavi z urbanimi. Sledi razprava Aleša Bučarja Ručmana o socioloških vidikih življenja in občutkov ogroženosti v ruralnih in urbanih skupnostih v Sloveniji. Benjamin Flander in Bojan Tičar razpravljata o pravici do varnosti z vidika pravne ureditve na mednarodni, državni in lokalni ravni. Andrej Sotlar in Bernarda Tominc sta prispevala razpravo o zaznavanju varnosti v Sloveniji – od nacionalnih k lokalnim varnostnim pojavom. Rok Hacin in Katja Eman se v svojem delu osredotočata na kriminaliteto in zaznavo groženj pri policistih v urbanih in ruralnih okoljih. Prispevek o zaznavanju družbenih procesov, varnostnih težav in policije v urbanih soseskah sta prispevala Urška Pirnat in Gorazd Meško. Branko Lobnikar in Kaja Prislan dodajata pisanje o modelih, pristopih in izzivih policijske dejavnosti v Sloveniji. Zadnje poglavje pričujoče knjige obravnava pregled študij o mladoletniškem prestopništvu v Sloveniji, ki sta ga prispevala Iza Kokoravec in Gorazd Meško. Slednji prispevek poudarja pomen novega raziskovanja odklonskosti mladih v ruralnih okoljih. Pri oranju ledine na katerem koli področju se pojavijo številne dileme. V našem primeru se prve nanašajo na prevajanje pojmov, konceptov in idej iz angleškega jezika v slovenski jezik. V angleškem jeziku se ruralna kriminologija imenuje »rural criminology«. Pri pisanju osnutkov prispevkov je bilo nekaj jezikovnih dilem, ali uporabljati izraze urbano, semiurbano, ruralno ali mestno, primestno in podeželsko pa tudi vaško. Držali smo se logike iz sociologije, ki obravnava ruralne značilnosti in se v slovenskem okolju imenuje ruralna sociologija (sociologija, ki preučuje družbene odnose o kmečkem, ruralnem okolju). Tako je možno razumeti tudi ruralno kriminologijo kot kriminologijo, ki obravnava pravila, kršenje pravil in odziv družbe na kršitve v ruralnem okolju, pa tudi kot hitro razvijajočo se družboslovno disciplino, ki obravnava kriminaliteto v ruralnem okolju z zgodovinske perspektive – tako glede kriminalitete in odzivanja nanjo kot preučevanje ruralnih kriminoloških tem in ne nazadnje tudi razvijanje konceptov za boljše razumevanje obravnavane problematike. Poleg kriminoloških perspektiv se vsebina povezuje z varnostnimi, kjer gre za ogrožanje varnosti, razumevanje varnosti ter individualnih in institucionalnih odzivov na varnostne grožnje in dejansko vire nevarnosti,
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