DOCSLIB.ORG

Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Safety, Security, and Social Control in Local Communities Conference proceedings Gorazd Meško, Branko Lobnikar (eds.) Ljubljana, September 2016 This publication was published in September 2016 by the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Securi- ty, University of Maribor, Kotnikova 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and is the result of the Eleventh Biennial Conference Criminal Justice and in Central and Eastern Europe: Safety, Security, and Social Con- trol in Local Communities held at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Mari- bor (www.fvv.uni-mb.si/conf2016) on 26-27, September 2016. Copyright © by Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia. The conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Safety, Security, and Social Control in Local Communities was organised with the support of Slovenian Research Agency as a part of a research programme on Safety and Security in Local Communities, grant number: P5-0397 (2015-2018). This publication consists of peer reviewed conference papers only. These conference proceedings are included in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Thomson Reuters). The editors are grate- ful to all authors for their contributions to this publication and peer reviewers for their valuable contributions to the improvement of draft papers. The authors stated that final versions of their papers have been proof read by a native English speaking person. Publisher: University of Maribor Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security Editors: Gorazd Meško and Branko Lobnikar Threshold: Tipografija, d.o.o. Cover page design: Tipografija, d.o.o. Available at: https://www.fvv.um.si/conf2016/files/Criminal-Justice-CE-Europe.pdf Ljubljana, September 2016 CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 343.1(4-11-191.2)(082)(0.034.2) CRIMINAL justice and security in Central and Eastern Europe [Elektronski vir] : safety, security, and social control in local communities : conference proceedings / Gorazd Meško, Branko Lobnikar (eds.). - El. knjiga. - Ljubljana : Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, 2016 Način dostopa (URL): https://www.fvv.um.si/conf2016/files/Criminal-Justice-CE- Europe.pdf ISBN 978-961-6821-59-9 (pdf) 1. Meško, Gorazd 286721792 TABLE OF CONTENTS IntrODUCTION Gorazd Meško, Branko Lobnikar....................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTORY REFLECTIONS..................................................................................... 9 RESEARCHING SAFETY AND SECURITY IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN SLOVENIAN – A BRIEF OVERVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH CHALLENGES Gorazd Meško................................................................................................................................... 11 SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION IN URBAN municipalities IN SLOVENIA Benjamin Flander, Aleš Godec, Branko Ažman................................................................................. 26 COMMUNITY POLICING strategY IN CROatia: WHat DO WE KNOW AND WHat DO WE NOT KNOW AFTER 15 YEARS OF implementatiON? Irena Cajner Mraović, Vladimir Faber.............................................................................................. 39 Municipal POLICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Želimir Kešetovič, Bogoljub Milosavljević.......................................................................................... 50 THE ROLE OF LOCAL PREVENTION COUNCILS IN PREVENTION OF SOCIO- patHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN THE CITY OF SKOPJE Saše Gerasimoski, Marjan Arsovski.................................................................................................. 59 COMMUNITY POLICING IN SERBIA: BETWEEN traDITION AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES Danijela Spasić, Saša Milojević......................................................................................................... 67 LOCAL GOVernmental LAW ENFORCEMENT IN HungarY József Bacsárdi, László Christián...................................................................................................... 84 THE MEDIA IMAGE OF POLANd’S municipal guarDS Michalina Szafrańska, Anna Wojcieszczak....................................................................................... 99 CRIME, SAFETY AND SECURITy – ANALYSES OF POLICIES, PROCESSES AND PATTERNS.................................................................................................................... 115 POLICE IN LOCAL CRIME PREVENTION – EXPERIENCES FROM SERBIA Slaviša Vuković, Saša Mijalković, Goran Bošković........................................................................... 117 ENSURING LOCAL SAFETy – TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE municipalitY OF LJUBLJANA Urška Pirnat, Marko Mlaker............................................................................................................. 128 PROpertY CRIMES at petrOL statiONS IN SLOVENIA (2008-2013) AND situatiONAL CRIME PREVENTION Sara Korpič....................................................................................................................................... 137 COmbinatiON OF PROpertY CRIME HOT SPOT ANALYSIS AND situatiONAL CRIME PREVENTION METHODS – A CASE stuDY OF LJUBLJANA Rok Hacin, Katja Eman.................................................................................................................... 148 CRIME MAPPING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Marina Mališ Sazdovska, Damjan Temelkovski................................................................................ 160 URBAN PLANNING OR URBAN MINING? Evanne Cornette, Elizabeth Bailey..................................................................................................... 168 4 POLICING............................................................................................................................... 173 NEW SECURITY AGENDA OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND its REFLECTIONS TO PHYSIOGNOMY OF THE POLICE MODELS Ljubo Pejanović, Miodrag Komarčević, Petar Čelik................................................................................................... 175 A DEMOcratic GOVERNMENT AND THE natiONAL SECURITY SYstem: capacitY BUILDING WITH EMPHASIS ON THE POLICE Ljubo Pejanovič, Mile Rakić.............................................................................................................. 188 LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES FOR POLICING LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN EUROPE AND SLOVENIA Emanuel Banutai, Milan Pagon, Iztok Podbregar, Branko Lobnikar.................................................. 195 THE IMPOrtance AND impact OF PERCEIVED VALUES ON JOB satisfactiON IN SLOVENIAN POLICE Nina Tomaževič, Janko Seljak, Aleksander Aristovnik........................................................................ 204 RISKS, POLICIES AND SOCIAL CONTROL.................................................................... 219 EXAMINING RISK AS A POLITICAL COnstruct: THE impact OF CHANGING VIEWS OF THE PREVAILING THreats TO PUBLIC SAFETY ON THE DEFINITION OF RISK Jasmina Arnež.................................................................................................................................. 221 COMMUNITY COORDinateD RESPONSE TO CHILD SEX trafficking: INSIGHts FROM PROCESS AND OUTCOME EValuatiONS Mary A. Finn................................................................................................................................... 229 CHILD ABUSE AND EXPLOitatiON THROUGH INFOrmatiON AND COmmunicatiON TECHNOLOGIES IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Elmedin Muratbegović..................................................................................................................... 236 VIOLENCE, TERRORISM AND WAR............................................................................... 249 THE CHALLENGES OF UNDerstanDING VIOLENCE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Renato Matić, Anita Dremel............................................................................................................. 251 VIOLENCE AMONG YOUTH POpulatiON IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Marina Mališ Sazdovska, Sara Sazdovska........................................................................................ 260 IS migratiON CRISIS CAUSED BY TERRORISM? ANALYSIS OF natiONAL MEDIA CONTENT OF CROatian AND FOREING ONLINE MEDIA POrtals Matea Penić Sirak............................................................................................................................ 268 DERADICALIZatiON OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS Andre Konze..................................................................................................................................... 277 CRIMINAL acts OF participatiON IN WAR AND ARMED COnflicts IN FOREIGN states IN THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND InternatiONAL stanDARDS Aladin Šemović................................................................................................................................. 284 FAR BEHIND THE FRONTLINE: HYBRID Warfare AND TERROrist attacks IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT Julija Ruschenko............................................................................................................................... 292 THE EQUIValents OF GENOCIDAL INTENT IN ABOrtiON LAWS Dragan Dakić.................................................................................................................................. 300 5 DRUGS, CRIME AND SOCIAL CONTROL....................................................................... 313 THE DeterminatiON OF CAUSAL CONNECTION BETWEEN DRUG ABUSE AND
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Practical Guide for Police Services to Prevent Discrimination Against the Roma Communities
    Practical Guide for Police services to prevent discrimination against the Roma communities With financial supportUnión from Europea the Fundamental Rights and Fondo Social Europeo Citizenship Programme of the European Union Project Code Number: JUST/2012/FRAC/AG/2848 Practical Guide for Police services to prevent discrimination against the Roma communities With financial supportUnión from Europea the Fundamental Rights and Fondo Social Europeo Citizenship Programme of the European Union Project Code Number: JUST/2012/FRAC/AG/2848 Title: Practical guide for police services to prevent discrimination against the Roma communities Drafted by: Javier Sáez (Fundación Secretariado Gitano) Sara Giménez (Fundación Secretariado Gitano) Date: July 2014 Note: this Guide has been drafted with the advice of David Martín Abánades, Police Sergeant- Head of the Team for the Police Management of Diversity of the Local Police of Fuenlabrada and José Fco. Cano, President of the National Union of Chief Constables and Directors of Local Police (Unijepol, Spain). Disclaimer: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This pub- lication reflects only the views of the authors and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Layout and printing: Pardedós. 2 Practical Guide for police services to prevent discrimination against the Roma communities Summary Introduction .....................................................................................5 1. The current situation:
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Police Training and Police Performance in the Netherlands
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. wetenschappelijk onderzoek.. en documentatie centrum basic police training and police performance in the netherlands \;. I, .• , ministerie van justitie ~ <.:;.. .,' ....,... BASIC POLICE TRAINING AND POLICE PERFORMANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS Some Preliminary Findings of an Fvalnation Study on Police Training Written by: J. Junger-Tas If Research team: I' J. Junger-Tas A.A. v.d. Zee-Nefkens Research and Documentation Centre of the Ministry of Justice January 1977 CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1. Introduction 2. The training curriculum 3 3. The research-design 8 II. RESULTS OF THE OBSERVATION STUDY 9 1. How is working time organized? 9 2. Incidents observed 11 3. Police and citizens 14 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 17 Literature Annex BASIC POLICE TRAINING AND POLICE PERFORMANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS Some Preliminary Findings of an Evaluation Study on Police Training I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY I. Introduction The role of the police in a democratic society ~s defined by many sources. Role definitions and the setting of priorities of tasks differ among such groups as police administrators, judicial authorities, police circles, and the general public. The Dutch Police Act of 1957 (Article 28) states: "It is the duty of the police, in subordination to the competent authorities and in accordance with the prevailing rules of the law, to maintain law and order and to render assistance to those in need". It appears then that the Dutch law recognizes essentially 3 functions: 1. to combat and prevent criminality 2. to maintain public order 3.
    [Show full text]
  • UNH Role of Police Publication.Pdf
    cover séc.urb ang 03/05 c2 01/02/2002 07:24 Page 2 International Centre for the Prevention of Crime HABITAT UURBANRBAN SSAFETYAFETY andand GGOODOOD GGOVERNANCEOVERNANCE:: THETHE RROLEOLE OF OF THE THE PPOLICEOLICE Maurice Chalom Lucie Léonard Franz Vanderschueren Claude Vézina JS/625/-01E ISBN-2-921916-13-4 Safer Cities Programme UNCHS (Habitat) P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi Kenya Tel. : + 254 (2) 62 3208/62 3500 Fax : + 254 (2) 62 4264/62 3536 E-mail : [email protected] Web site : http://www.unchs.org/safercities International Centre for the Prevention of Crime 507 Place d’Armes, suite 2100 Montreal (Quebec) Canada H2Y 2W8 Tel. : + 1 514-288-6731 Fax : + 1 514-288-8763 E-mail : [email protected] Web site : http://www.crime-prevention-intl.org UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (UNCHS – HABITAT) INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME (ICPC) urban safety and good Governance : The role of the police MAURICE CHALOM LUCIE LÉONARD FRANZ VANDERSCHUEREN CLAUDE VÉZINA ABOUT THE AUTHORS MAURICE CHALOM Maurice Chalom, Doctor in Andragogy from the University of Montreal, worked for more than 15 years in the area of social intervention as an educator and community worker. As a senior advisor for the Montreal Urban Community Police Service, he specialized in issues related to urbanization, violence and the reorganization of police services at the local, national and international levels. LUCIE LÉONARD Lucie Léonard, Department of Justice of Canada, works as a criminologist for academic and governmental organizations in the field of justice, prevention and urban safety. She contributes to the development of approaches and practices as they impact on crime and victimization.
    [Show full text]
  • OPENING: 25 May, 20.00 BIO 25 Talk: 25 May, 19.00
    OPENING: 25 May, 20.00 BIO 25 Talk: 25 May, 19.00 From 25 May to 29 October 2017 , FARAWAY, SO CLOSE will present seven site-specific interventions along with the exhibition, accompanied by Associated Projects with a lively program of events, exhibits and lectures that will animate the seven locations for the duration of the Biennial. The exhibition will be officially opened by guest of honor, Anton Peršak, Minister of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia . A talk with the curators of the biennial, Angela Rui and Maja Vardjan , and guests Renata Salecl, Simone Farresin , and James Westcott will be held before the official opening at 19.00 The talk will be moderated by James Taylor Foster . Curated by Angela Rui and Maja Vardjan, and organised by the Museum of Architecture and Design in Ljubljana, 25th Biennial of Design FARAWAY, SO CLOSE responds to the observation that although the city remains the model within which the evolution of contemporary society is discussed and interpreted, we are recently witnessing a growing percentage of people that leave the city for other contexts and environments. The Biennial develops from the physical exploration of seven conditions all over Slovenia on which designers were invited to reflect. This is a contemporary phenomenon characteristic of our era: young, informed and emancipated people who have grown up within urban models bring their values into non-urban spaces. The theoretical appropriation of the so-called Alter-urban within the context of BIO 25 has been made possible by the de-centralization of the biennial itself, together with the physical observation and response of the participants.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of the Attorney General
    The State of South Carolina OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL CHARLIE CONDON ATTO RNEY G EN ERAL September 28, 2000 ! l. Lonnie J. Saxon, Chief of Police Clemson University Box 344012 Clemson, South Carolina 29634-4012 Re: Your Memo/Request of September 7, 2000 Dear Chief Saxon: In your memo you present the following facts along with a request for clarification of your duties and responsibilities: During football games and other special events where Clemson invites and charges people to attend, am I responsible for all police action involving mutual aid officers, SLED and Highway Patrol, that are sent to assist with traffic and safety? Do I have final say over these officers, as I do my own? The situation you describe involves the meshing of various state and local law enforcement agencies, all of which have varying jurisdictions and duties. The goal, obviously, is to ensure the safety of those attending, aid in the orderly flow of traffic, and provide a general law enforcement presence at Clemson's football games and other special events. This Office, without exception, encourages cooperation between various law enforcement agencies and between state and local government agencies. There is also ample Constitutional and statutory authority for such cooperative projects. One example is Article VIII, § 13 of the South Carolina Constitution which provides, in pertinent part, that: (A) Any county, incorporated municipality, or other political subdivision may agree with the State or with any other political subdivision for the joint administration of any function and exercise of powers and the sharing of the costs thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferguson Police Department
    Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division March 4, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. REPORT SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1 II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 6 III. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS ARE FOCUSED ON GENERATING REVENUE ............................................................................................... 9 IV. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES VIOLATE THE LAW AND UNDERMINE COMMUNITY TRUST, ESPECIALLY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS .................................................................................................................... 15 A. Ferguson’s Police Practices ............................................................................................ 15 1. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Unconstitutional Stops and Arrests in Violation of the Fourth Amendment ..................................................................................... 16 2. FPD Engages in a Pattern of First Amendment Violations .................................. 24 3. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment ........................................................................................................... 28 B. Ferguson’s Municipal Court Practices ........................................................................... 42 1. Court Practices Impose
    [Show full text]
  • Inl Police Partnerships
    INL: PROJECTS IN OVER 90 COUNTRIES, INCLUDING INL POLICE PARTNERSHIPS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) WHAT IS INL? The U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) helps keep Americans safe by building the capacity of partner nations to counter international crime, illegal drugs, and instability. INL assists other countries to improve their ability to deliver justice by strengthening their criminal justice institutions, including national, regional, and local law enforcement; the justice sector; and corrections agencies. By making countries abroad more safe and stable, we safeguard the United States by improving the ability of our partners to combat crime. WHAT IS AN INL POLICE PARTNERSHIP? WHAT DO INL POLICE PARTNERS DO? The INL Office of Criminal Justice Assistance and Partnership State and local law enforcement institutions from the United (INL/CAP) develops and fosters partnerships with state and States play a significant role in building rule of law overseas by local law enforcement organizations across the United States providing expertise, techniques, and technologies to help foreign and its territories. INL currently has over 20 Memoranda of nations develop their ability to combat criminal threats. For Understanding with law enforcement agencies, including instance, INL’s U.S. police partners help foreign law enforcement municipal police departments, state police agencies, sheriff’s organizations develop their capacity to conduct domestic offices, and related organizations that support them, such as violence and criminal investigations; undertake traffic forensic laboratories, and standards and training organizations. management and crowd control operations; improve their policies These partnerships help INL bring to bear the wealth of and procedures; and provide assistance in other areas where U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Number of Municipal Police Departments in Connecticut
    Office of Legislative Research Research Report October 28, 2016 2016-R-0275 NUMBER OF MUNICIPAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS IN CONNECTICUT By: Veronica Rose, Chief Analyst CONNECTICUT’S 10 ISSUE LARGEST MUNICIPAL How many municipal police departments are in POLICE DEPARTMENTS Connecticut, and how many police officers do they New Haven 436 employ? This report updates OLR Report 2011-R-0194. Hartford: 406 CONNECTICUT MUNICIPAL POLICE Bridgeport: 381 DEPARTMENTS Waterbury: 276 Connecticut has 92 municipal police departments. As of Stamford: 273 October 2016, they employed a total of 6,628 police officers. Nineteen departments employ 100 or more police Greenwich: 181 officers, and fifty-three employ 50 or fewer officers, Norwalk: 178 including 14 that employ fewer than 20. New Britain: 164 Table 1 shows the 92 municipal police departments and Danbury: 154 number of police officers employed in each. (For towns under State Police jurisdiction, see OLR Report 2016-R- West Hartford: 130 0246.) Source: Police Officer Standards and Training Council Phone (860) 240-8400 Connecticut General Assembly Room 5300 http://www.cga.ct.gov/olr Office of Legislative Research Legislative Office Building [email protected] Stephanie A. D'Ambrose, Director Hartford, CT 06106-1591 Table 1: Municipal Police Departments in Connecticut as of October 2016* Police Department No of Police Police Department No. of Police Police Department No. of Police Officers Officers Officers Ansonia 43 Guilford 35 Rocky Hill 35 Avon 28 Hamden 108 Seymour 43 Berlin 42 Hartford 406 Shelton 52 Bethel
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Energy Sector in Slovenia for 2014 Contents
    LETNOREPORT POROČILO ON AGENCIJETHE ENERGY ZA ENERGIJO SECTOR IN SLOVENIAZA LETO FOR 20142014 CONTENTS 1 FOREWORD BY THE DIRECTOR ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY MARKET AND THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE REGULATOR ��������������������������������������������������� 6 2.1 The basic details regarding the markets for electricity and natural gas in Slovenia ������������������������������������������� 7 2.2 The development in the electricity market �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 2.3 The development in the natural gas market ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 2.4 The main areas that involved the regulator ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 3 ELECTRICITY �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 3.1 General information �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 3.2 The regulation and regulated activities �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 3.2.1 General information ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • OSJI-Fair and Effective Police Stops-Proof1.Indd
    Fair and Effective Police Stops TECHNICAL REPORT Lessons in Reform from Five Spanish Police Agencies Plataforma por la Gestión Policial de la Diversidad Fair and Effective Police Stops Lessons in Reform from Five Spanish Police Agencies Technical Report Fair and Effective Police Stops Lessons in Reform from Five Spanish Police Agencies Technical Report Open Society Justice Initiative and Plataforma por la Gestión Policial de la Diversidad Plataforma por la Gestión Policial de la Diversidad Copyright © 2015 Open Society Foundations. This publication is available as a pdf on the Open Society Foundations website under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Open Society Foundations and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. ISBN: 978-1-940983-44-8 Published by Open Society Foundations 224 West 57th Street New York, NY 10019, USA www.opensocietyfoundations.org For more information contact: Rachel Neild Senior Advisor Criminal Justice Program [email protected] or Plataforma por la Gestión Policial de la Diversidad www.gestionpolicialdiversidad.org [email protected] Cover photo courtesy of the Local Police of Fuenlabrada. Photographer Agustín Constante Cover designed by Judit Kovács l Createch Ltd. Text layout and printing by Createch Ltd. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 7 Executive Summary 9 1. Reform of Police Stop and Search Practices in Spain 15 2. The Impact of Reforms on Police Practice 21 3. The Experience of Implementing Reforms 33 4. Conclusion 47 Appendices Appendix A: Methodology and Glossary of Terms 49 Appendix B: Sample Stop Forms 53 Endnotes 59 5 Acknowledgments This report is a joint publication of the Plataforma por la Gestión Policial de la Diversidad (PGPD/Platform for Police Management of Diversity) and the Open Society Justice Initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking of Atmospheric Air
    Acta geographica Slovenica, 54-2, 2014, 345–362 HEALTH GEOGRAPHY IN CASE OF ZASAVJE: LINKING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES DATA GEOGRAFIJA ZDRAVJA NA PRIMERU ZASAVJA: POVEZOVANJE PODATKOV O ONESNA@ENOSTI OZRA^JA IN BOLEZNIH DIHAL Andreja Kukec, Lijana Zaletel - Kragelj, Jerneja Farka{ - Lain{~ak, Ivan Er`en, Andrej Herakovi~, Marija Zlata Bo`nar, Primo` Mlakar, Bo{tjan Gra{i~ in Vesna Zadnik e j l o k o a z e v t i r o t s S I E M / g n i t l u s n o c l a t n e m n o r i v n e S I E M Complex terrain in the Zasavje region. Razgibanost reliefa v Zasavju. Health geography in case of Zasavje: Linking of atmospheric air pollution and respiratory diseases data Health geography in case of Zasavje: Linking of atmospheric air pollution and respiratory diseases data DOI: http: //dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS54208 UDC: 91:613(497.432) 504.5:502.3:616.2(497.432) COBISS: 1.01 ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to assess the association between atmospheric air pollution and respiratory dis - eases in children on the level of small spatial units in the Zasavje. The health and environmental data were obtained for the period between January 1 and December 31, 2011. Studied small spatial units were designed on the basis of estimated level of atmospheric air pollution and digital maps and boundaries of local com - munities and settlements. The impact of atmospheric air pollution on respiratory diseases was analysed by using the Bayesian models.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Pennsylvania State Police Coverage of Municipalities
    An Examination of Pennsylvania State Police Coverage of Municipalities Gary Zajac, Ph.D. and Lindsay Kowalski, M.A. Justice Center for Research Pennsylvania State University January 2012 Revised April 2012 This project was made possible, in part, by a grant from the Center for Rural Pennsylvania, a legislative agency of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study explores issues surrounding the provision of police services by the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) to municipalities in Pennsylvania that either have no police department at all, or that have only a part-time police department. In most states, there is a strong county sheriff system, where the sheriff’s department has full police powers and serves as the police force for any municipalities within the county that do not have their own police departments. In those states, the state police primarily serve highway patrol and investigative support functions. However, Pennsylvania is one of a handful of states, mostly in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions, where county sheriffs are more limited in their police powers, and the responsibility for policing municipalities without a full-time police department falls primarily upon the state police. In Pennsylvania, most municipalities either do not have a police department or field only a part-time force. PSP by law assumes responsibility for full- or part-time law enforcement and patrol in those municipalities. In addition, PSP provides a wide variety of services to municipalities across the Commonwealth, including those that have their own police departments. These services include crime scene investigation, forensic services, major crimes investigation, drug interdiction, accident reconstruction, training, and other services.
    [Show full text]