The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 203 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] January 1, 2015

Our Mission Intelligence) in Washington, DC Episcopal Church where he land area above the cliffs which he left Naval service and served on the vestry, sang in the was densely forested and could In the Spring of 2000, the enrolled in the University of choir and served on the Music support them. Archives continued the origi- Colorado from which he committee and the Organ Search nal efforts of Captain Roger graduated in 1950 with a committee. Dr. Clark was a Pineau and William Hudson, Bachelor of Science in Zoology. member of the pre-med honorary and the Archives first at- At Cornell University, he earned Alph Epsilon Delta, Biology tempts in 1992, to gather the a Master of Science in 1951 and honorary Beta Beta Beta, papers, letters, photographs, a Doctorate of Philosophy scientific honorary Sigma Xi, and records of graduates of (Bacteriology) in 1953. Phi Beta Kappa National the US Navy Japanese/ After a year as Assistant Scholastic, honorary, American Oriental Language School, Professor of Bacteriology at Society of Microbiology, University of Colorado at Cornell, he joined the American American Academy of Boulder, 1942-1946. We Type-Culture Collection, a Microbiology, and New York assemble these papers in microbiological laboratory in Academy of Science. recognition of the contribu- Washington, DC. There, he Dr. Clark was predeceased by tions made by JLS/OLS introduced liquid nitrogen for his parents and his twin sister instructors and graduates to freezing microbes, thus solving Laura Jean Clark Tester. He is the War effort in the Pacific the chronic problem of survived by his wife, Ellen, three NE coast of Guam 1945, LCT-760 and the Cold War, to the contamination and mutation. In children: Timothy of Newton broadcasting to cliff area holdouts, creation of East Asian 1960 he became the Director of MA; Judith Dobbins, Apache Kiuchi, Hirakatsu, Dunbar, b&w, language programs across ATCC. Under his leadership the Junction, AZ; Peter Atlanta, GA; 8x10, Dunbar Photo, Pineau11_02_00_35j the country, and to the ATCC became the international ten grandchildren, eight great development of Japanese- prototype for microbiological grandchildren and numerous As for the photo of me with a American cultural rec- culture collections. He served for nieces, nephews and cousins. couple of Major Sato's holdouts, onciliation programs after twenty years as International Bill enjoyed cooking, I have always thought that the World War II. Secretary for Microbiological especially Chinese cuisine and two fellows I was talking to did Nomenclature, a position which he was a superb pastry chef. He not look like fierce Japanese. As William A. Clark took him to scientific meetings loved nurturing his African I recall, they were particularly around the globe. Violets and purple Shamrock young. I don't recall their OLS 1946 Dr. Clark spent 1974 on houseplants. Bill was the rare particular ranks. (Chinese) sabbatical at Queensland individual who could laugh at I appreciated seeing all the University, Brisbane, Australia. himself and thus was the favorite other photos in the collection Dr. William Arthur Clark lost his From 1975-77 he was a visiting subject for family teasing. His you sent me of Boulder battle with Melanoma on June scientist at the Centers for delightful sense of humor and graduates. I recall Glen 23, 2011. He enjoyed a fruitful Disease Control Special Bacteria contagious laughter, his modesty Slaughter from the 2002 JLS career in Microbiology. Laboratory where he was the and warm personality and his Reunion in Boulder. He was a Although he was a small man, he senior author of the first Pecan pies will be deeply missed friend of Jim Jefferson whom I left a large footprint with Monograph of these rare by his family and legion of knew in Grand Junction. I had valuable contributions to his bacteria: Identification of friends. Requiescat, dear Bill. lunch with Jim several times near the end of his life. I recall field. Unusual Pathogenic Gram- http://www.estesparknews.com/?p=6 He was born November 6, Negative Aerobic and 636 Zurhellen who was at Camp 1923 in Chicago Heights, IL, to Facultatively Anaerobic Posted on 29 June 2011. Elliott when the Fifth Marine ______Division was first forming up. Elsa and Edward Clark. He Bacteria. In 1977 he joined the attended Beloit College 1942-43, Georgia Public Health Our class there was sent to the Western Michigan State College Laboratory. During his tenure, he Reprise #2 Pacific before we were assigned in the Navy V-12 program 1943- taught Microscopy workshops On “Gocho” Harris to the Fifth Division. There were 44. several times yearly to public seven of us: Adams, Crenshaw, He was commissioned a health nurses, enabling them to Thank you for all the interesting Dunbar, Kraft, Hansen, Martin Naval Ensign from Officer’s identify sexually transmitted correspondence. When I received and Paschall. Adams was a School at Columbia University diseases and to care for their my Christmas card from you paratrooper who went into an [Stand Columbia!] in December, microscopes. For this work, he (November 2012), I was amphibious outfit when all seven 1944. He was then assigned in was given the Sellers-McCroan pleasantly surprised to see the of us first arrived in Hawaii. I the Navy Oriental Language Award (1989) “for outstanding photo of me, Kiuchi and lost track of him. Crenshaw went School at the University of achievement and service to Hirokatsu broadcasting off the alone to Peleliu where he was Colorado at Boulder to study Georgia in public health.” east coast of Guam. We didn't commissioned in the field. Kraft Chinese from January 1945 to In 1998 at the age of 75 Dr. induce anyone to surrender that was with me and Hanson on June 1946. While in Boulder, he Clark retired to Estes Park in his particular day although we knew Guam. Martin was wounded at met and married Ellen Hylan on beloved Colorado Mountains. In that there were holdouts in that Tinian, was sent to Hawaii, and I June 1, 1946. Estes Park he was a member of particular area because we got a lost track of him. Paschall After two years in ONI (Navy Saint Bartholomew the Apostle few from time to time from the returned home and later true love, Dulcinea. But the Jennifer Marre; and three group of US Marines, a more committed suicide. show was perhaps best known grandchildren. hirsute bunch who had come It is great that you go to the for one song: “The Impossible When “Man of La Mancha” from the battle of the Pacific. trouble to reproduce these photos Dream,” which became a was first reprised, in 1972, The teachers, at least those who at Christmas, and I appreciate popular inspirational anthem. Howard Thompson of The Times taught Japanese, had been hearing about Corp. Harris. He “One does not expect called it “a stunning revival” and dentitsts , importers of soy sauce, was a big factor at our language complete fidelity to Cervantes wrote, “Bravo to Miguel de bicycles, MSG or lady school school at Camp Elliott because outside his pages — who reads Cervantes, the original dreamer, teachers in their civil pursuits. he had just come back from him these days? — but there are and to Albert Marre, again They were a tireless, dedicated, Samoa and was very capable at charm, gallantry and a delicacy directing.” hospitable group, which invited spoken Japanese. Because Gocho of spirit in this reincarnation of Dennis Hevesi us into their homes to sample means Corporal in Japanese, we Quixote,” Howard Taubman New York Times Japanese food. “You never put called him The Gocho. Behind wrote in The New York Times. September 10, 2012 soy sauce on your rice,” was part ______his back, he was referred to as Mr. Marre won the Tony for of their criticism. Goch. I am glad to hear he best director of a musical. He A memory from One day at lunch I informed finally made Captain which is remained closely identified with my fellow Marines that they quite a jump from Corporal. the show for many years, Harold Nebenzal were moving a newly arrived

Cal Dunbar directing its Broadway revivals [OLS 1945] “Naval Agent” into my room. It USMCEL 1944 in 1972, 1977 and 1992, as well (Lifelong Friend was not something that I relished ______as numerous productions around because we dismissed the young of Albie [Marre]) the country and internationally. Navy officers as “Candy Asses” Albert Marre Mr. Marre made his Bliss was it in that dawn in our lingo. That afternoon the Director, Is Dead at 87 Broadway debut as an actor and to be alive, Naval Agent showed up with his [OLS 12/18/44 -] associate director of the 1950 But to be young kit. Black, slightly curly hair;

revival of John Vanbrugh’s Was very Heaven. dark eyes; a disarming smile – Albert Marre, the Tony Award- comedy “The Relapse.” He this then was Al Marre, my new winning director of the original William Wordsworth Broadway production of “Man of directed “Kismet,” for which he roommate and lifelong friend to La Mancha” — and three of its received the 1954 Donaldson It was the last year of World War be. After sniffing each other out, four Broadway revivals — died Award, a precursor to the Tonys. II. The Germans, desperate, we soon discovered that we were in Manhattan on Sept. 4. He was In 1956, Mr. Marre was seeking the end, were in naval parlance not only 87. His wife, Mimi Turque nominated for a Tony for his counterattacking in the shipmates, but also soul mates. Marre, confirmed his death. direction of “The Chalk Ardennes; the Japanese were And soon we created a life for Mr. Marre directed or staged Garden,” Enid Bagnold’s play preparing for the invasion of ourselves, a life separate from more than two-dozen Broadway about a disturbed child under the their homeland by the Allies. our studies, which we took none shows during his more than 50 care of her grandmother and a Little did they know that the too seriously. I, because I years in theater, among them the governess. In 1961 he directed runway was being built for the already spoke Japanese, and musicals “Kismet” and “Milk “Milk and Honey,” a story set in Enola Gay to drop its bombs on Albie in a less advanced class, and Honey.” But it was “Man of contemporary Israel. Featuring Hiroshima and Nagasaki thus to came from academia and was a La Mancha,” the musical songs by Jerry Herman, it was end the war once and for all. quick study. adaptation of “Don Quixote” nominated for five Tonys, But in Colorado, in the To give us greater social (written by Dale Wasserman, including best musical (although foothills of the Rockies, the little mobility, we bought an early with lyrics by Joe Darion and Mr. Marre did not receive a town of Boulder was an thirties Ford from the owner of a music by Mitch Leigh), that nomination). American time warp, the picture gas station. For some sixty-five brought him his greatest acclaim. Albert Eliot Moshinsky was on a calendar left to curl up on a dollars he felt that he had put one The famous story of a born in Manhattan on Sept. 20, garage wall. White clapboard over on those whippersnappers deluded would-be knight, 1924, to Alexander and Eugenia houses with front porches, from the college. Wow we drove presented as a play within a play Moshinsky. (He later changed swings lazing in the breeze. to Denver slithering carelessly performed by the novel’s author, his name.) Beyond – grassy plains with fat on icy roads to favor the Ship’s Miguel de Cervantes, and his Mr. Marre, who was known cattle and fat crops. Tavern at the Brown Palace fellow prisoners as he awaits as Albie, graduated from Oberlin That is where the Navy had Hotel or the Buckhorn Steak trial during the Spanish College and then served in the placed its School of Oriental House with our patronage. And Inquisition, “Man of La Navy during World War II. After Languages, well ensconced in there were luxury weekends at Mancha” began at the the war he attended Harvard Law the University of Colorado. It the Broadmoor in Colorado Goodspeed Opera House in School, but stopped going to was a remarkable school, which Springs. Then we discovered Connecticut before moving first classes after he and several taught Japanese, Mandarin, little mining towns in the to Off Broadway and then fellow students created what Cantonese, Fukien, Malay, foothills of the Rockies. Mining uptown, where it went on to became the Brattle Theater in Indonesian [?], and Russian. The was long gone but the miners become one of the biggest hits in Cambridge, Mass., one of the students, hand picked by the and their families had stayed Broadway history. It ran on country’s first classical repertory Navy, were mostly thin-lipped there living in splendid self- Broadway for 2,328 companies. There he met the Anglos, the crème de la crème of imposed isolation. In one town performances, from November actress Jan Farrand, whom he the best Ivy League schools. an ancient Frenchman ran his 1965 through June 1971. married and later divorced. They were mostly Ensigns and restaurant as if still in France, The original cast starred His second wife, Ms. Diener, Lieutenants junior grade who serving Garbure, Coq au Vin and Richard Kiley as Don Quixote; died in 2006. Three years later had not yet seen salt water. Blanquete de Veau. In another Irving Jacobson as his squire, he married Mimi Turque. There was also a small town a lunchroom served Sancho Panza; and Joan Diener Besides his wife, he is survived contingent of Royal Navy venison worthy of a star in the (Mr. Marre’s second wife) as his by a son, Adam; a daughter, Officers, toothy chaps who had Michelin. We were enthusiastic actually been to sea. And a small customers, trenchermen even Albie, I see you in your Navy Chapel Hill, NC. There are three long story short, we climbed to then. Officer’s uniform, brass buttons grandchildren, Patrick Cox and the top of one of them (which of And the co-eds. The glistening, smiling, saying, “I am Olivia Jackson Cox of Chapel the five I no longer remember), University was sorority-ridden Al Marre.” Indeed you are and I Hill and Alison Cox Jones and on the descent had to and their splendid and beautiful will never forget you. Heisler of Portland, Oregon. maneuver ourselves down a girls were our companions. They Harold N ebenzal After Irene died, he married chimney. Quite different from had, perhaps out of patriotism, OLS 1945 Elizabeth Smith of Clemson. the afternoon stroll I expected, thrown the social structures of There are three stepchildren, but it was great fun! their sororities to the wind and [Ed. Note: What a wonderful JLS Shelley Hobson of Wilmington, I also saw Dave many years memorial story! I am glad that Albert enjoyed the two darklings from Marre’s memorial tribute program NC, Dale Smith-Henslee of later in Tokyo, when he was in New York and Beverly Hills. carried this story by another OLSer Irmo, SC, and Jed Smith of San the U.S. Embassy there and we Thus those halcyon days who we were never able to contact. Francisco, CA. lunched together. He was, continued – the war now a far off Maybe we will finally be able to tell The Greenville News indeed, a very bright, fine thunder. It all came to a sudden him about the Project.] gentleman, and I was sorry to ______February 24, 2013 end. Without explanation Albie read he left us nearly 20 years was reduced to blue jacket and [Ed. Note: H. Morris Cox was a ago. Dr. H. Morris Cox, Jr. longtime, enthusiastic, loquacious, Dick Moss transferred to the Great Lakes Clemson, SC, OLS 1945 and generous supporter of the US Naval Station. Shortly thereafter JLS 1943 Navy JLS/OLS Archival Project. ______I wound up at the Naval Dr. Headley Morris Cox, Jr. 96, Among the issues in which his name Ammunition Depot in Hastings, of Clemson, died Friday, appeared were #44, #50, #60, #70, Kai-ten Nebraska. When I heard from February 22, 2013 in Clemson, #70A, #71, #102, #123, #139, and & the Sinking of the Albie he was working as an SC. Dr. Cox was born in Mt. #184. He took great pride in his Olive, NC, the son of Headley numbering among the graduates of Indianapolis interpreter, translator of Russian and German for the Occupation Morris Cox and Frank English the USN JLS/OLS and was very interested in the activities of his In the winter of 1944-1945, I Forces. Cox. was attached to the Seventh Fleet He attended public schools in fellow JLOs. Speaking for them as There, God bless him, he well as myself, let me say, we will Headquarters in Manila, the immortalized himself by Mt. Olive, NC. Dr. Cox miss him.] Philippines. In the spring, I was graduated magna cum laude ______committing probably the greatest attached to the amphibious force gaffe in diplomatic translation from Duke University with a Reprise on that was attacking the Japanese ever. Mimi Turque [Albie’s degree in English Literature, and garrison in Borneo. The task was was a member of the Duke David Osborne widow] is my informant. At a to obtain information about the meeting of Allied Officers with University Chapter of Phi Beta The article about David munitions that the garrison had, German officials the senior Kappa. Osborne’s papers at the by reading the nameplates on the German had a document Dr. Cox was a veteran of Eisenhower Library in the recent cannons, vehicles, etc. translated by Albie into German WWII, having received training March 1, 2013 issue of The On one special day, I found in hand. He was to have said. “It as a Japanese interpreter at the Interpreter (#181) was of interest the entrance to a seaside cave, is perfectly clear, but I do not Naval Language School in to me, for I enjoyed a warm and inside, to my astonishment, understand the word “Emmes”. Boulder, Colorado. He also friendship with him. Though a there was a torpedo riding on Albie had subconsciously used served with the occupation latecomer, arriving at the JLS in railroad tracks, that led down to the Yiddish word “Emmes” (the forces in Japan. early October of 1942, I did the ocean. On top of the torpedo Truth), in liue of the German After WWII, Dr. Cox enjoy several months of good there was a cage with controls word “Wahrheit.” If you are not received a Master’s degree in camaraderie living in the Bastille with which a navy man could amused by this, I assure you that English Literature from Duke before we were all placed under guide and manipulate the Isaac Bashevis Singer, or even a University, and a Ph. D. in closer vigilance in the Men’s torpedo. Immediately, I realized Martin Buber, would have English Literature from the Dorm. that here we had an actual spilled their glass of tea University of Pennsylvania. One evening (it was already example of the new secret laughing. He was associated with dark) when I passed by Dave’s weapon, the kai-ten, that we had Now we were back on Civvie Clemson University for over Bastille room, the door of which been reading about in the Street, and Albie and I took a fifty years, serving as Head of was open but with no light on, Japanese naval dispatches that memorable transcontinental trip the English Department, and Dave surprised me by calling out had been deciphered and in his convertible Packard. Albie Dean of the College of Liberal “hi.” I asked him what he was translated for us by the came to L.A. and played bit parts Arts. In 1958-59 he was Senior doing in the dark, and he replied Intelligence units in Hawaii and in one of my father’s films. It Fulbright Lecturer in the he was reading. I asked him how Washington. The kai-ten was a mercifully short University of Graz, Austria. he could be reading in the dark. (literally ‘sea thunder’) had been appearance of Albie as a bandido After retiring from Clemson, he He said he was reading a book in most effective against ur naval with black mustachio from graduated in 1984 from the braille! ships. In short, it was a suicide make-up and a pistol from props University of South Carolina Another day, he said he was torpedo – the navy counterpart to crawling through a window. As School of Law, where he was on going for a walk and asked if I’d the air force kami-kaze suicide the years went by we met in New the Dean’s List. He practiced law like to join him. I accepted the planes that were too well known. York, Paris, in Santa Monica. in Clemson with the Law firm of invitation with pleasure, but In fact, I had seen a kami-kaze We had taken different paths but Olson, Smith Jordan and Cox for noting he had a rope slung over attack on our way to Borneo – the bond held. We had shared so 24 years. his shoulder, I asked what it was fortunately it missed the ship I much. To have been young He was married to the late for. He said he often carried it, was on, and landed in the water together, to have shared those Irene Todd Cox of Barksdale, just in case it might be useful. several hundred feet behind our golden times was indeed “the SC, and the father of John M. Well, we walked up toward ship. The dispatches indicated very Heaven” of which Cox of Greenwood, SC, Deborah Chatauqua and were soon at the that the Japanese had lost Wordsworth wrote. Cox Vallance of Greenwood, foot of the Flatirons. To make a virtually all their expert pilots, SC, and Thomas Headley Cox of and were giving the suicide pilots just enough training to get Indianapolis by I58. Kramer did not history and culture. Due to his associate professor in 1986 after off the ground and point the mention the use of kai-ten manned contributions, Dr. Tierney was teaching there for some 20 years. plane in the direction of the torpedoes, although he did mention bestowed Japan’s second most Born in Harlem, New York on nearest ship. the Japanese submariner’s testimony prestigious decoration, the Order August 28, 1922, DeMartino

of the Rising Sun, from the graduated from Benjamin emperor of Japan in 2007 – a Franklin High School. He earned badge comprised of a multi- his Bachelor’s degree in social rayed white enamel star with a science at the City College of gold-rimmed cabochon garnet in New York. He was recruited as a the centre, which symbolizes Phi Beta Kappa member into the energy as powerful as the rising U.S. Navy Language School and sun. Additionally, in 2006, Dr. he served active duty at the Joint

Tierney was honored with the Intelligence Center in Pearl Reichauer International Harbor and as naval language Education Award from the Japan officer with the U.S. force Society of San Diego and occupying Japan in 1945-1946. Tijuana [see Issue #185 (July 1, After his discharge, he served in 2013). Tokyo as historical consultant to Dr. Tierney is the founding the defense panel of the director of the Pacific Asia International Military Tribunal

“Japanese Suicide Submarines” Museum in Pasadena. for the Far East. U.S. Navy diagram of Kaiten Type By Mike Bennighof, Ph.D. Established in 1971, this During this period, he met 1 (top) and Type 2 (bottom). September 2008 museum is one of only four US D.T. Suzuki and began studying http://www.avalanchepress.com/Su institutions dedicated to the arts Zen Buddhism in Kita- icideSubs.php that zigzagging would not have and culture of Asia and the Kamakura with him. When I returned to Manila, affected the success of his attack.] Pacific Islands. Additionally, he DeMartino’s studies continued ______the Admiral scolded me for taught for 22 years at the during Suzuki’s early years in staying too long in Borneo, but Patrick University of California before the United States through the when I told him of my discovery, Lennox moving on to teach in 1950s at the University of he said it was worthwhile after Tierney Heidelberg, Germany and Japan Hawaii, Claremont Graduate all. In fact, he gathered all the Emeritus Professor and ending up at the University School, Harvard Divinity School top naval officers in the area to University of Utah of Utah. He still visits Japan and Columbia University as [& OLS 1945] hear about the discovery of this every year, introducing new Suzuki’s assistant. secret weapon. He sent messages “People ask me all the time how students to the culture and DeMartino also studied with to all ships in the Pacific to set I have lived so long and I tell artwork of Japan. Zen thinker Shin’ichi Hisamatsu extra watches for such surface them it’s Japan,” says 97-year Dr. Tienery received a and translated many of torpedoes. I went to the old Patrick Lennox Tierney, an Bachelor of Arts with a Hisamatsu’s writings into ordinance section of the Seventh emeritus professor for the concentration in Asian art from English. He participated in—and Fleet to find out how the kai-ten University of Utah specializing the University of California, Los served as interpreter for— operated. On one occasion we in Japanese Art education. He Angeles, in 1932 and a Master of extended exchanges between had the time of the torpedo’s has dedicated himself to Arts in Asian Art History and Paul Tillich and Hisamatsu, launch and the distance to the anything and everything Japanese Art from Columbia which he edited for publication target from the submarine Japanese and considers himself a University in 1936. He also in The Eastern Buddhist as captain, and the time of impact “Japanologist.” In addition to his earned a Doctorate in Sogetsu “Conversations between Dr. Paul from our ship’s captain so we academic role, Dr. Tierney is Ryu in 1949. Dr. Tierney is a life Tillich and Dr. Shin’ichi could calculate it’s speed. The currently the art director and on member of the Korean Branch of Hisamatsu.” ordinance specialist said the the board of directors for the the Royal Asiatic Society and a DeMartino’s own treatments answer was obvious – the Japanese Friendship Garden of member of the Japanese of the human situation and Zen torpedo was running on San Diego. Chamber of Commerce. Buddhism in his Ph.D. compressed air, not on its Starting his career in the US Top 101 Executive Spotlight dissertation and several articles engine. Navy as the representative Japanese Art Instruction serve as a unique conceptual A couple of months later, the commissioner of art and Pp. 39-40 introduction to Zen Buddhism, ______Indianapolis was torpedoed and monuments under General on which he focused his sunk. Our dispatches said it was Douglas MacArthur, Dr. Tierney Richard DeMartino academic career. indeed a kai-ten. The was able to help restore war- He is survived by his commanding officer of the damaged monuments and works 1922 – 2013 centenarian aunt who lives Religion Professor Emeritus Indianapolis was court martialed of art that were bombed and across the street, his extended for failing to use evasive tactics, destroyed during the Pacific Richard J. DeMartino, the co- family of cousins, his former but the Japanese officer stated War. As he became increasingly author along with Erich Fromm students and his wife. correctly that such tactics would engaged in Japanese art, he and D.T. Suzuki of the little College of Liberal Arts have made no difference to the stayed in Japan at the end of his 1960’s classic, Zen Buddhism Temple University passenger on the torpedo. military service and offered art and Psychoanalysis, died January 18, 2013 studies to students from the ______George E. Mendenhall January 6 in the end-stage of JLS 1944 United States, which cultivated Parkinson’s disease at his home Recent Losses: Ray Heffner, Paul F. [Ed. Note: An interesting relations between the two in West Hempstead, New York. Boller, corroboration of “A Perfect countries. The initiative also DeMartino retired from the Choice”, by S. Paul Kramer, in further improved Americans’ Department of Religion at #150, regarding the sinking of the understanding of Japanese Temple University as a senior