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Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
Common Name: DIBORANE
Synonyms: Boroethane; Boron Hydride CAS Number: 19287-45-7 Chemical Name: Diborane RTK Substance Number: 0629 Date: January 2009 Revision: April 2017 DOT Number: UN 1911
Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE BACK PAGE Diborane is a colorless gas with a sickly, sweet odor. It is Hazard Summary usually shipped in pressurized cylinders diluted with Hydrogen, Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA Argon, Nitrogen or Helium. Diborane is used as a reducing HEALTH - 4 agent for making other chemicals, as a catalyst, and in FLAMMABILITY - 4 electronics and vulcanizing rubber. REACTIVITY - 3 W FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.8 - 3.5 ppm POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE Odor thresholds vary greatly. Do not rely on odor alone to CYLINDERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE determine potentially hazardous exposures. DO NOT USE WATER OR HALOGENATED AGENTS
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe Reasons for Citation
Diborane is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, DEP, Diborane can affect you when inhaled. NFPA and EPA. Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance Exposure to Diborane can irritate the nose and throat. List. Diborane can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, tremor and confusion.
Inhaling Diborane can irritate the lungs. Higher exposures
may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. High exposure may damage the liver, kidneys and nervous system. FIRST AID Diborane is FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE and a Eye Contact DANGEROUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD. Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while rinsing. Workplace Exposure Limits
Skin Contact OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash 0.1 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift. contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water. NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is Inhalation 0.1 ppm averaged over a 10-hour workshift. Remove the person from exposure. Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. ACGIH: The threshold limit value (TLV) is 0.1 ppm averaged Transfer promptly to a medical facility. over an 8-hour workshift. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.
EMERGENCY NUMBERS Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222 CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337 National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802
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Determining Your Exposure Reproductive Hazard According to the information presently available to the New Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Jersey Department of Health, Diborane has not been tested Sheet (MSDS) and the label to determine product for its ability to affect reproduction. ingredients and important safety and health information about the product mixture. Other Effects Diborane can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure may For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the New cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, phlegm, and/or Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services shortness of breath. Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, available on the RTK High exposure may damage the liver, kidneys and nervous Program website system. (http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- know/) or in your facility’s RTK Central File or Hazard Communication Standard file. Medical You have a right to this information under the New Jersey Medical Testing Worker and Community Right to Know Act, the Public Before beginning employment and at regular times thereafter, Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act (at least annually), the following are recommended: if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under the Lung function tests federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you
are a private worker. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the The New Jersey Right to Know Act and the PEOSH following are recommended: Hazard Communication Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) requires most employers to label chemicals in the Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure Liver and kidney function tests workplace and requires public employers to provide their Exam of the nervous system employees with information concerning chemical hazards and controls. The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires private employers present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for to provide similar information and training to their damage already done are not a substitute for controlling employees. exposure.
This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. to this information under the OSHA Access to Employee Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. Mixed Exposures Smoking can cause heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if Health Hazard Information you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce Acute Health Effects your risk of developing health problems. The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur More than light alcohol consumption can cause liver immediately or shortly after exposure to Diborane: damage. Drinking alcohol can increase the liver damage caused by Diborane. Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. Exposure to Diborane can irritate the nose and throat. Diborane can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, tremor, muscle weakness, convulsions and confusion. Inhaling Diborane can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Diborane and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Diborane has not been tested for its ability to cause cancer in animals. DIBORANE Page 3 of 6
Workplace Controls and Practices All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures Eye Protection include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely Wear non-vented, impact resistant goggles when working irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust with fumes, gases, or vapors. ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single If additional protection is needed for the entire face, use in exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control combination with a face shield. A face shield should not be exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on used without another type of eye protection. workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. Respiratory Protection Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators The following work practices are also recommended: should only be used if the employer has implemented a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, Label process containers. requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and Provide employees with hazard information and training. medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). recommended exposure levels. Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. Where the potential exists for exposure over 0.1 ppm, use a Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece material. operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure Always wash at the end of the workshift. mode. For increased protection use in combination with an Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a contaminated. pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Do not take contaminated clothing home. Exposure to 15 ppm is immediately dangerous to life and Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. health. If the possibility of exposure above 15 ppm exists, Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus being handled, processed or stored. with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, positive-pressure mode equipped with an emergency escape applying cosmetics or using the toilet. air cylinder.
In addition, the following may be useful or required: Fire Hazards Specific actions are required for this chemical by OSHA. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained Refer to the OSHA Compressed Gases Standard (29 CFR and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard 1910.101). (29 CFR 1910.156). Before entering a confined space where Diborane may be
present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration Diborane is a FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE GAS that can does not exist. ignite on contact with AIR. Stop flow of gas and allow to burn out or use dry chemical or liquid Nitrogen as extinguishing agents. Personal Protective Equipment DO NOT USE WATER OR HALOGENATED AGENTS to extinguish fire as fires and explosions will occur. The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate Hydrogen, Boric Acid, and Boric Oxide. personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train CYLINDERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. employees on how and when to use protective equipment. Use water spray only to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation.
Gloves and Clothing Avoid skin contact with Diborane. Wear personal protective
equipment made from material which can not be permeated or degraded by this substance. Safety equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing material for your operation. Manufacturers of Diborane recommend Plastic, Butyl or Rubber gloves for exposures of less than one hour, and
Tychem® BR, LV, Responder® and TK, or the equivalent, as protective materials for clothing.
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Spills and Emergencies Occupational Health Information If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. The OSHA Hazardous Waste Resources Operations and Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR The New Jersey Department of Health offers multiple services 1910.120) may apply. in occupational health. These services include providing informational resources, educational materials, public If Diborane is leaked, take the following steps: presentations, and industrial hygiene and medical investigations and evaluations. Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the area. Eliminate ignition sources. For more information, please contact: Ventilate area of leak to disperse the gas.
Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a New Jersey Department of Health safe place in the open air, and repair leak or allow cylinder to Right to Know Program empty. PO Box 368 Use water spray only to keep cylinders cool. Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 Keep Diborane out of confined spaces, such as sewers, Phone: 609-984-2202 because of the possibility of an explosion. Fax: 609-984-7407 It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Diborane as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department of E-mail: [email protected] Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the Web address: federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- recommendations. know/
The Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets Handling and Storage are not intended to be copied and sold Prior to working with Diborane you should be trained on its for commercial purposes. proper handling and storage.
Diborane will ignite spontaneously in MOIST AIR at room temperature and will react with WATER, ALCOHOLS, and HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS (such as CARBON TETRACHLORIDE and TRICHLOROETHYLENE) to
generate flammable and explosive Hydrogen gas and shock-
sensitive mixtures.
Diborane reacts explosively with BENZENE VAPOR; NITRIC ACID; TETRAVINYL LEAD; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; and OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE). Diborane will react with AMMONIA; METAL OXIDES; REDUCING AGENTS (such as LITHIUM, SODIUM, ALUMINUM and their HYDRIDES); and other READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS to form Hydrides which may ignite spontaneously in air. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from MOISTURE, RUBBER, and ELASTOMERS. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Diborane is used, handled, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of Diborane should be grounded and bonded. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings wherever Diborane is used, handled, manufactured, or stored. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of Diborane.
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GLOSSARY
3 ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial mg/m means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from can lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer. once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can substances according to their fire and explosion hazard. change its physical state from a liquid to a gas. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves respirators, conducts studies of workplace hazards, and The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by proposes standards to OSHA. the Chemical Abstracts Service, to a specific chemical. NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests chemicals CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the and reviews evidence for cancer. regulations of the United States government. OSHA is the federal Occupational Safety and Health A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety standards. A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers. PEOSHA is the New Jersey Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health Act, which adopts and enforces health and DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental safety standards in public workplaces. Protection. Permeated is the movement of chemicals through protective DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency materials. that regulates the transportation of chemicals. ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal measure of concentration by volume in air. agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. Protective Action Criteria (PAC) are values established by ERG is the Emergency Response Guidebook. It is a guide for the Department of Energy and are based on AEGLs and emergency responders for transportation emergencies ERPGs. They are used for emergency planning of chemical involving hazardous substances. release events.
Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases provide estimates of concentration ranges where one energy under certain conditions. reasonably might anticipate observing adverse effects. STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15- A fetus is an unborn human or animal. minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a work day. A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by damaging the fetus. The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a reaction or explosion. scientific group. Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to one gas to the weight of another (usually Hydrogen), at the remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is measured same temperature and pressure. in electron volts. The vapor pressure is a force exerted by the vapor in IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database on equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the same human health effects that may result from exposure to various substance. The higher the vapor pressure the higher chemicals, maintained by federal EPA. concentration of the substance in air.
LEL or Lower Explosive Limit, is the lowest concentration of a combustible substance (gas or vapor) in the air capable of continuing an explosion.
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: DIBORANE Synonyms: Boroethane; Boron Hydride CAS No: 19287-45-7 Molecular Formula: B2H6 RTK Substance No: 0629 Description: Colorless gas with a sickly, sweet odor which is usually shipped in pressurized cylinders diluted with Hydrogen, Argon, Nitrogen or Helium HAZARD DATA Hazard Rating Firefighting Reactivity FLAMMABLE AND REACTIVE GAS that can ignite 4 - Health Diborane will ignite spontaneously in MOIST AIR at room on contact with AIR. temperature and will react with WATER, ALCOHOLS, and 4 - Fire Stop flow of gas and allow to burn out or use dry HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS (such as CARBON chemical or liquid Nitrogen as extinguishing agents. TETRACHLORIDE and TRICHLOROETHYLENE) to generate 3 W - Reactivity DO NOT USE WATER or HALOGENATED flammable and explosive Hydrogen gas and shock-sensitive mixtures. DOT#: UN 1911 AGENTS to extinguish fire as fires and explosions Diborane reacts explosively with BENZENE VAPOR; NITRIC ACID; will occur. TETRAVINYL LEAD; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; and OXIDIZING ERG Guide #: 119 POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, Hazard Class: 2.3 including Hydrogen, Boric Acid, and Boric Oxide. PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, CYLINDERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. (Poisonous Gas) BROMINE and FLUORINE). Use water spray only to keep fire-exposed Diborane will react with AMMONIA; METAL OXIDES; REDUCING containers cool. AGENTS (such as LITHIUM, SODIUM, ALUMINUM and their HYDRIDES); and other READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS to form Hydrides which may ignite spontaneously in air.
SPILL/LEAKS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Odor Threshold: Isolation Distance: 1.8 to 3.5 ppm Flash Point: o o Small Spill: 60 meters (200 feet) -130 F (-90 C) LEL: Large Spill: 300 meters (1,000 feet) 0.8% UEL: 98% Fire: 1,600 meters (1 mile) Auto Ignition Temp: 104o to 122oF (40o to 50oC) Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the Vapor Density: leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking 0.96 (air = 1) o o cylinder to a safe place in the open air, and repair leak Vapor Pressure: 224 mm Hg at -170 F (-112 C) or allow cylinder to empty. Specific Gravity: 0.2 to 0.4 (water = 1) Keep Diborane out of confined spaces, such as Water Solubility: Decomposes sewers, because of the possibility of an explosion. Boiling Point: -135oF (-93oC) Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially Melting Point: -265oF (-165oC) when opening and closing containers of Diborane. Ionization Potential: 11.4 eV Molecular Weight: 27.7
EXPOSURE LIMITS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
OSHA: 0.1 ppm, 8-hr TWA Gloves: Plastic, Butyl or Rubber (<1-hr breakthrough) NIOSH: 0.1 ppm, 10-hr TWA Coveralls: Tychem® BR, LV, Responder® and TK (>8-hr breakthrough) ACGIH: 0.1 ppm, 8-hr TWA IDLH LEVEL: 15 ppm Respirator: >0.1 ppm – Pressure demand supplied air
>15 ppm – Pressure demand SCBA PAC LEVELS: PAC-1 = 0.3 ppm; PAC-2 = 1.0 ppm; PAC-3 = 3.7 ppm
HEALTH EFFECTS FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATION Eyes: Irritation Remove the person from exposure. Skin: Irritation Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if worn. Inhalation: Nose, throat and lung irritation with coughing and severe shortness of breath (pulmonary Quickly remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with edema) large amounts of soap and water. Begin artificial respiration if breathing has stopped and CPR if necessary. Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, convulsions and confusion Transfer promptly to a medical facility. Medical observation is recommended as symptoms may be delayed. April 2017