EDITORIAL, DRAMA, SOCIETY, FINANCIAL. REAL MUSIC. IXIetu B*tt_í ¡Mfam* ESTATE, AUTOMOBILES 1915. PAET IH. TWKI.. PAGES -ART -n ».n.vF r.\r.F. SUNDAY, »OCTOBER 10, THE BALKAN BATTLEFIELD--WHEN BULGARIA 5TRIKES

Factor« Which THE STRATEGIC. RAILROADS OI- THE NEAR HAST. Serbia's Third Great Hgitary' the Con« Fight for National Kx- Will Affect istence in Three gtd in the Near East Years. orle SIMONDS, Copyright, 1915, by Íht* Ne.« By FRANK H. Tribune. of "The Great War." Author _ their and Rumania T'-' ''¦ compromise quarrel.- -h, aoUtkal ** H will enlist on the side of the central ¿nation bâte » frequently can powers. 4 . *>. for any freah I"' trueco remained ne'itral she could t-. , poeaible I I M »!¦ .¡.p. :.'! upon the Kaiser's powerful influ- now to jt>Ql t_) tf» poli a pivinp way ence to protect bar, ai he «lid m fact aid ry, and tha time of the Bucharest negotia¬ '-«Belgrade:«tî^a/ tions. It la the fa«*t tha*. the Kaiscr'_ #if VAUÉVO is Constantine's Queen which vEL^«Jjj¡ i lakes the court influence in Athens whol¬ U> the ... Furk in 1911 ly Teutonic. On the other hand, if Greec. ..»it v. 7 conflagration. remained neutral and the Allies finally ' of the military a.- In any c'.s.u. sic*, äJ^» uchitza won. she would have no reason to fear any there are ^aa>^^ A a^-ii"*****W- mgja of the Balkan problem attack by them, although she would prob¬ '.-..ft distinct divisions that m__t be rec- ably have to make some concessions to Li*. and described! The probaMe Italy. This Is the basis of the case of rn 0f the German offensive apain.t the King for neutrality. ru* :ra. course of Bulpa- f^rbls: the Veniseloe. .is'i operations apainat her neiphbor ; of Allied s On the other hand, Venizclo. recognizes . ¡rrs' direction operation S'rb.a and.for th- H«. N that Bulgarian success against Serbia would be followed a Buigar wotler i a. a whole -tow- inevitably by ami attack upon Greece and an immédiat«» or ^ tr» Donqoaat of Turkey as#afa intinonto. A1 ultimate attempt on the part of Kin-,* Ferdinand to ion of Salónica. ceaflici ng pnrpoaea naval 'no that get posses- tntoo The (¿reek, and Buigar.- are age-long f the Gen nd relieve the .'-. rivals, as well as recent contestants in a bitter war. The hatred of Greek for ., and of the Allies I OÍ Germany at the Buigar and the natural apprehension of Hellenic over the evident deter¬ Horn in advance of the Allied patriots __.<_ mination of to obtain the an it he'd up at the Dai Bulgaria hegem¬ bfevhicl ony of the Balkans explains the general sympathy of the public with the French The G-rmnn Offensive. and British. a Tak. .- .T.ar, opet. rat, In the meantime it is certain that tho «how that there ap will first of will be met an :.ora! 6teps Bulgaria by et tat attack by the Russian fleet upon Varna and Burgas.* It is possible, but "hardly to hack i. likely, that Russia may be able to land a »V *'* ¡force upon tho Black Sea coast of Bnl- garia. This would recall many Bulgarian .' troops from the Serb frontier. But it i. followinp difficult to believe that Russia has any ' army available for such an operation. Austria, on her part, has already begun to stir up the Albanians to attack tho Serbs in the rear along the Black Diii.a B from Prisrend to Dibra. But then- is reason to believe that such un attack will The \alue «>f be fairly countered by Montenegrin oper¬ thei cain- ations and is bound to do i_ed. about Seres, and to nitxa and for the Struma Pas.es, north railroad, and, using Salónica and Dedea- Italy something 7 te? n- .- ho war hepins this population line, probably oeeup; rian ttiiiccr-4 have bac as their move their forces, to assert her claim to the possession of at the hands of the inf the country alonu: it, which is inhabité« S'-res, aiming to roll the Bulgarians gateh bases, f:e(! to their nee t«i face Ru-sia bound to suffer this little stato after the war. Aa sh« prêter« nr was th« into the mountains and abolish the first through Greek and Bulgar territory react) it t listed Sorba. Unquestionably the war w mainly by Balgen, before 7h;.*. Serbe. «But represents threat both to the vital railroad lines to the Marltza, and then east ulong the now holds Valona, she has a go«>d ba*-h .: her "pit with a Bulgarian advan Second Balkan War. Such an operatloi Last line of Serbia. The terril open general a which comes from for an military from the railhead will doubtless be supported by anothei Greek and in Serbian territory. Such main Oriental Railroad, expedition. of recent the frichti .»ver the mountains But these are sabsid campaigns years, from Strui army movinir east alonf, this railroai operation would be the safest defensiv Belgrade and Sofia, through Adrianople operations wholly last »winter, crue! Kuatendil and westward The real must be found «piikt;.h' oí typhii- as In for both Salónica and Kavala, which ai and joins th» Adrianople-Dedeagatch line iary. problem and th» 1 i itl.il. from Bulgarian Thrace, for, will pie, the of the country, a near Dimotika. for the Allies in the defence of Serbia refaced population net seen a at the th» exposed to landward attack. t until they were of Serbia is do In 1919 this advance, starting by glance map, falls and for th« if thi.- army II di.-po.-ed remains one other tha A Familiar Road. until Constantinople \ '.a. Ni-li.' was directed upon Uskub, but aft only way the Bulgarian! can monitioi Thai, operation lor many years to come, for children ai latib, undertake. As Germans in the clearing of a road to the -»*.« n, nom attack upon tl their troops in Ma<*e«ionia or in tin the Greek may Bulgari Moving east along this railroad they or. on old men alike are in the raí u successful surprise Osmanli before the Allied fleet turned back l'rama-Kavala «listiiet is by this railroad aims t.» regain Macedonia, Greece plan can reach Lule Burgas, the scene of the capital ¦i «to ipital of Serbia, wa Serbs was checked and to the Sea of Marmora or th. i This line comes east from I to t.ike Bulgarian Thrace from the Mest battle of the First Balkan penetrate 'Tie the Bulgarie'« Campaign. ÜM Bregalnitza, a few miles from '«mstantinopl« great War, Allied armies Thrace. tu enters terri Hiver. «-ast of to the larit/.a Hi\ then the conquer ..or«' the ..friphtfulr,. .ttila. starting place. At the same time a secor Salónica and Bulgarian Drama, and follow the pathway of vic¬ Meantime, while Germany i? hackli west of Knos. Thi. was almo.- &*t*w_ ia no force was sent west from tl tory south of Adriannple, where it con er, region torious Búlgara to the Chatalja lines. Summary. Ni there her th Vardar \alley, wh Bulpa.ia.n (¿reeks before the Bal d tin- «li.. «ray through Stiiimrit/.a region to cut the Salonii ii'i-t with the Bulgarian railroad system Wholly peopled by Meantime, the land route between Con- In sum. the first phase of any new ba!- will do? two thins was b 1 ".n mile*. Bulgaria Obvionsly, railroad at Guevgheli. Thii niovemei kan wars; Dodaagatch occupied --tantinople and the Dardanelles on the kan strife will unquestionably bl marke«! she will ser I he Second Balkan War. (¿reeks in the second war, and the Mir !' :¦ ¦.¦nil«. Pint of all, unquestionably cut the Greek aid Serb con the European side could be cut by detaching by the main German thrust through Fe» temporarily the a troops no*rthwPirot and Nish and a mor«» reached own fron¬ a (¿reek advance along the Salon which has been dis¬ east at the Salónica h' is far 1.*-. favov- force will be to follow the path of tl had cut the railroad and at the same tim stand until they their expect through Adrianople, estuldatrabla push tier above which is the end ol railroad, together wit! mantled and evacuated the but if Nish railroad al»out **** 'of an army. In addition Hulirarians who won the battle of Sib struck the main Bulgar force to the Ml Kustendil, ^-»Constantinople by Turk; Gu.vgheli. a from ¦ naval demonatratioo before Dodeagatcfe should detach for this Allied to Serbia will, in the are ... r« irr th«' B it/a in 1885 and open the Nlsh-Sofla lin at Kilkis and drove it headlong back upo railroad Sofia*. Bulgaria troops aaatotaaCS we tin> latter ha.- a far wide then on Serbs would «*on to an to ." the tltri lailroad from the Danube U> th where it met one wing o I', sum, may looi; for Bulgarian But opération attack, pressure the opening days, be fined effort to Strumnitxa. be considered along wit! ' (i"l«len which the Serb., had dofi iking b1 Nish ttota Um and must be relieved. Until the roa«l through Ser¬ reinforce the Serbian army about Nish and '******* '«i he ranchad Horn. the army Ailie-. th as at it from the .n. operations of the bia la the and Turks the railroad to the south But this «rill probably be but an inc an«i UN entire fore«- retreated through the Germana -strike probable opened, too, Bulgare there and along rail- ok munition-, invasion : as Pas.es. north, striking at the NladJh8aloaiea «rill If hold off the Buigar and keep the i .. talk. To-day, in the Seam Struma What the Allies Will Do. ¦tu chief of th toad. Imth from Kustendil at Vranja ami A orive at Constantinople through vital railroad line open. Balkan War, the objective Chance. The tir.-t of any Anglo-Frencl *. and their mai A Second from Strumnitza at Guevghrli, Striking purpose Thrace would compel the Turks to recall If Greece participate«, she will at ftr-1 '«mai*-., , y. nntoe bi i bj n it Búlgara will be Macedonia to the Balkans musí île Nish-Salonic is to have a I.B .it the ('onstantinople-Salonica line in military expedition a considerable portion of their army on is past ex] Look at 'i n ."'i It will be seen tha 1912 aha snnt an army south upon Baton might Seres, and south of line from Uakub to the /Egean is taker ful Allied attack at this . toward point. with the Allies i.. th»* *att rr_ . id tu th which arrived but a few boUTS afta donia Dolran, operate defending open lea, over the Tha second mu batí had th Strumnitza. Bulgaria's mission will by Grec. the Resl Prise. Salonica-Nish railroad about Gu«'\gheli, inn\ from th« outer world. By it mus the Greek Crown Prince received to N'i.-h, to Conttantinople ne '" Serbia whiie Gt hurry troop Inland protect ¦ h.' and munitions a surrender of the Turkish comma: dot :« isolate In the new Balkan erisi it which will become Greek territory wh*r wiii :he Serbian rear from attack coming viewing « ¦¦» the main effbl her, and incidentally Bulgaria Gram enlists. Later she will tl .< and I may ehooe Salónica. Unquestionably Pilot and from »Sofia. Serbin must be recognized that the po.-.-es.-io'i of anqan. ir as a ¡I !<¦ ¦.: through m Once ut, Serbia i of the Bulgars will be directed at th« t" occupy much po is chief tionably participate any drive aami taust occupy, after a Bulgarian declara¬ antinople the objective. If " a bo ti the neare. and Greek which she toward .. I th rmana ill able Xish-Salonica railroad, and Serbian territory, the Constantinople through Bulgarian when tion of war. a position between the German Allies BUCCOed in reaching the city ...,..« t in Serbia 'ben campaign in Bol on the line for the Bulgars is aboui hopes to acquire, with (¡erman help, Thrace, for she hopos to gain this region point hammer and the Bulgarian anvil. For the by land or water before the Germans ,f'"".'. «*'.'; the scene of their temporär, "*!h«' war ends. as far as the Maritza and retake Dedea la way Guevgheli, moment Serbia be able to hold bach have cut a south War the for the moment sep may way through Serbia, Um .. H. In the Second Balkan Hulgari success in 1913, which gatch. P-toj* Barb defen.«.- N Whst Greece Will Do the Germans, but she certainly will not 'b< h the whole German will he from we] from campaign if the German advance can .t on the H -'.ruck at. ÜÜI lailway Istib, arated Serbia Greece. ward off both Bal» Ultimately, railroad which will the immediate object of I. I enough to 0/f DO avail, because the defence of Con¬ be checked and the invasion °f tV' ¦ Mil tlUI'.l within the |fgt*dott»M limits. Rut to-daj There is a third Now, Bulgrir '"«-. to retain her own territory and carian and German blow.-. stantinople by the sea powers will be a jI aa a I.-tib Serbia:! a:.'i the Bulgar territory play an important part in any new Balkan must halted, there is bound to be an Allied || am Once the Etorbian situation ii aaaured, matter. But if the Germans reach in the This defend her own frontiers. Her y. simple drive Thrace the Maritza .. the Saloniea-t'onstanti- .. K.i.-;«!«dil, conflict. I, the Entente will the through l**yon- capture of I-'on. tantinople. danelles operation will have to be faced. from Constan¬ on« i* south of «.trumnitza. near railway from I'rama Once Gallipoli is isolate«! Ml prated denly terminated. At only point frontier Doiran, From th. outset * very many military Such a masses recalled to ck' Nish-Salonica follows this frontier until it bia Int.- al.-o offered her the Guevpheli failure would leave the Allies tinople and the Turk ¦*. ..* territory near the and then that the wiser bit ,li-trict as the reward for her critica have beltoved line with no other possible course than to aban¬ defend the capital, this position may this is west of Strum- crosses it and enters Bulgarian fulfilling >****MM bj .i 160,000 Una pa railroad, and jtjg. finally for tha Allies to pursue would be to ad- don the carried an«! the sea road to Byzantium "I* Serbian town of east of Drama. On this line must treaty O-MigatkiU to Serbia and enterini» whole Near Kast, withdraw their ¦*¦. great rai ra <>v«-r r.'M aid i at of the Thrace, Thrace upon the th«. Creek the war. it is natural to expect that a tlirough (,'hatalja armies, leave Serbia to her fate and, at opened. nr* *-*. K !*' Bl ov« .over «; ..Acrheli, «rhere Serb, (¡reek and BsilgaW depend the troops defending their A tremendously exciting race to Co. ,. n of Kin,, Constantino's force« will and abandon hitherto fruitless e;.'leaver to protect Greece from a Rt me«t. Hero, or fai to the north frontier, defeaiding Kaeala and Drama, now seems inevitable, an«i h',;'";'"'' ***** ******** frontiers th* N'i-h-Saloriica railroad elf« rta to force the Dardanelles. But while German Bulgarian attack, which would »tantinople IbA****" a inva- which are among the that stand along the ultimate attitude of Gn-e«-«- tfi<1"8 »t 1 ;i..r the town of Yrunja. Bulgsr prizes Bulgaria la wa- neutral there ua- upon pra ¡^ and 'i'-f''!i'l it fr« m the Bulgar attack lacking follow German success in the main cam¬ If * r*,;r'' « In- t.. in any conflict; dt- tii*ally everything depend-. the Hel- i y has ¦Jon Bsaty e\pe«'te