DOCSLIB.ORG

Linns Masteroppgave Ferdig 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Linns Masteroppgave Ferdig 2009 Ahrensburgkulturens lokalitetsplassering En redegjørelse av forholdet mellom kyst og innland. Linn Johannessen Masteroppgave levert ved institutt for arkeologi (IAKH) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 12.05.2009 3 Forord Denne prosessen har tatt tid, men nå er jeg endelig i mål. Jeg vil takke min første veileder Ingrid Fuglestvedt for inspirasjon til å velge å skrive om Ahrensburgkulturen og Almut Schülke som overtok som min veileder 8 uker før innlevering. Takket være Almuts stødige hånd, raske og nøyaktige gjennomlesning, nyttige råd og fantastiske ordenssans kom jeg i mål til slutt. Jeg vil også takke alle mine gode venner og koleger for tålmodig gjennomlesning, oppmuntring og gode råd; Reidun M. Åsheim, Marit Johansson, Marianne Johansson, Pia Løken, Anne Traaholt, Carina Julo, B. Kjartan Fønstelien, Håkon Glørstad, Øystein Amundsen, Bjarne Gaut, Linda Engström, Bengta Ryste, Ingunn B. Hansen, Maria Solem Westrum og Eivind Tengs. En stor takk går også til min svigerfar Bjørn Marksten som har sørget for å temme alle mine dobbbeltkonsonanter, merkelige stavefeil og alt for mange eer. Sist, men ikke minst, en stor takk til Ole Magnus Marksten, verdens beste ektemann, som lærte seg tysk på nytt for min skyld. 4 Innhold Forord ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Innhold ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Innledning og problemstilling............................................................................................ 7 1.1 Innledning og problemstillinger................................................................................. 7 1.2 Avgrensning i tid........................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Avgrensning i rom.................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Avhandlingens struktur ............................................................................................ 11 2 Teori og metode ............................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Visuell landskapsanalyse.......................................................................................... 12 2.2 Innsamling av materialet .......................................................................................... 15 2.3 Kartlegging av ahrensburglokalitetene..................................................................... 17 2.4 Analogier.................................................................................................................. 18 2.5 Hypotetisk kartlegging............................................................................................. 20 2.6 Landheving og strandlinjedatering........................................................................... 21 3 Klimatologisk og geografisk bakgrunn fra kyst og innland............................................. 24 3.1 De generelle klimaforholdene i Nordvest-Europa ved slutten av siste istid ............ 24 3.2 Klimaforholdene i de ulike geografiske områdene .................................................. 31 4 Ahrensburgkulturen, en oversikt...................................................................................... 33 4.1 Funnene fra Ahrensburgtunneldal............................................................................ 34 4.2 Litisk materiale......................................................................................................... 36 4.3 Litisk materiale i norsk kontekst.............................................................................. 40 4.4 Forholdet mellom det norske/vest-svenske og kontinentale materialet: en forskningshistorisk betrakning ............................................................................................. 42 4.5 Økonomi og erverv................................................................................................... 46 4.6 Bruk av båt ............................................................................................................... 47 4.7 Sosial organisasjon................................................................................................... 49 5 Oversikt over ahrensburglokaliteter i Nordvest-Europa .................................................. 51 5.1.1 Tyskland........................................................................................................... 55 5.1.2 Danmark........................................................................................................... 56 5.1.3 Norge................................................................................................................ 57 5.1.4 Sverige.............................................................................................................. 61 5.1.5 Nederland ......................................................................................................... 62 5 5.1.6 Belgia ............................................................................................................... 63 5.1.7 Luxemburg ....................................................................................................... 63 5.2 Lokalitetsplassering - oppsummering. Kyst og innland........................................... 64 6 Sammenlignende analogier .............................................................................................. 67 6.1 Etnografiske eksempler på lokalitetsplassering ....................................................... 67 6.2 Etnografske eksempler på reinjaktstrategier ............................................................ 69 7 Doggerland; det tapte kontinent....................................................................................... 70 7.1 Klimatologiske og geografisk bakgrunn fra Doggerland......................................... 70 7.2 Hypotetisk bruk av Doggerlands kyst...................................................................... 75 7.3 Funn fra Doggerland ................................................................................................ 76 7.4 Kan det ha vært ahrensburglokaliteter på Doggerland? ........................................... 81 7.5 Kyst og innland; motsetninger eller to sider av samme sak? ................................... 83 8 Mulige innvandringsveier til Norge................................................................................. 86 8.1 Bakgrunnen for diskusjonen av ulike innvandringsveier til Norge.......................... 86 8.2 Inn i ukjent land........................................................................................................ 87 8.3 Fra Skåne i Sverige via indre Østfold ...................................................................... 88 8.4 Rett over Norskerenna fra Doggerland .................................................................... 89 8.5 Fra Doggerland til Jæren via Elbenfjorden .............................................................. 91 8.6 Fra de vestre delene av Doggerland via Viking- og Bergensbanken mot Jæren...... 91 8.7 Oppsummering av mulige innvandringsveier til Norge........................................... 93 9 Konkluderende kommentarer og perspektiver ................................................................. 94 9.1 Ahrensburgkulturens lokaliteter: Plassering i landskapet ........................................ 94 9.2 Ahrensburglokaliteter på Doggerland? .................................................................... 95 9.3 Innvandringsveier fra kontinentet til Norge............................................................. 96 9.4 Avsluttende bemerkninger ....................................................................................... 97 10 Figurliste....................................................................................................................... 99 11 Litteraturliste.............................................................................................................. 102 12 Katalog ....................................................................................................................... 122 6 7 1 Innledning og problemstilling 1.1 Innledning og problemstillinger Hovedmålsetningen for denne avhandlingen er å samle kjente Ahrensburglokaliteter i Nordvest-Europa i en katalog som beskriver hvordan lokalitetene er topografisk plassert i landskapet. Informasjonen i denne katalogen skal benyttes for å undersøke de overordnede fellestrekkene for Ahrensburgkulturens lokalitetsplassering i Nordvest-Europa. Alle lokalitetene vil presenteres i to kart der det første viser lokalitetsspredningen i dagens Nordvest-Europa (se fig. 17 og 18) og det andre viser lokalitetsspredningen i Nordvest- Europa slik fordelingen mellom hav og land var ved slutten av siste istid (se fig 30). Det første spørsmålet denne oppgaven stiller er med andre ord følgende: Kan man med utgangspunkt i eksisterende funnmateriale knyttet til Ahrensburgkulturen definere fellestrekk for hvordan innlands- og kystlokaliteter er plassert i landskapet? Videre vil jeg med utgangspunkt i funnene fra katalogen undersøke hvorvidt Doggerland kan ha vært et viktig bruksområde for Ahrensburgkulturen i Nordvest-Europa. Doggerland er et landområde som eksisterte som en naturlig forlengelse av det nordvest-europeiske kontinentet (Blystad 1989, Coles 1998) i Ahrensburgreinjegernes samtid, men som
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Proposal, Phd, Heidi Mjelva Breivik
    Colonization and use of new lands 1.0 Introduction The landscape and climate are under constant change. We are today witnessing extensive climatic changes causing more extreme weather conditions affecting the landscape, flora and fauna. Although these climatic alterations may seem dramatic on us, the period that followed the last ice age was even more remarkable: In addition to rapid rise in temperature and sea level, collapses of ice sheets and release of meltwater lakes led to cataclysmic changes (Burroughs 2005:19). As the ice cover receded, new lands were exposed and became available for settlement. Colonization and use of new lands forms the basis for the project which revolves around the topic: The earliest settlers and their relations to the surroundings. Key issues are: characterization of biotopes, level of mobility, social organization and technological traditions and traces of resource based adaptions within the archaeological record. These topics will be highlighted through different approaches. The project focuses upon the Late-glacial–Post-glacial transition – the time of which the landscape stabilized towards the present known shape and appearance. The period is limited to ca 11,000–8000 cal. BC and comprises the Younger Dryas (11,000–9500 cal. BC) and the Preboreal, here referred to as the Early Mesolithic chronozone (9500–8000 cal. BC) (Bjerck 2008:74). The thesis is a contribution within the frames of an existing research network on pioneer settlement studies. “The pioneer research network” was initiated by the Norwegian University museums in 2009, and consists of archaeologists and natural scientists from Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It is a part of “Universitetsmuseenes forskningssatsning”, and has received financial support by The Research Council of Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • People, Material Culture and Environment in the North
    Studia humaniora ouluensia 1 PEOPLE, MATERIAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE NORTH Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference, University of Oulu, 18-23 August 2004 Edited by Vesa-Pekka Herva GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY 2006 Copyright 2006 Studia humaniora ouluensia 1 Editor-in-chief: Prof. Olavi K. Fält Editorial secretary: Prof. Harri Mantila Editorial Board: Prof. Olavi K. Fält Prof. Maija-Leena Huotari Prof. Anthony Johnson Prof. Veli-Pekka Lehtola Prof. Harri Mantila Prof. Irma Sorvali Lect. Eero Jarva Publishing office and distribution: Faculty of Humanities Linnanmaa P.O. Box 1000 90014 University of Oulu Finland ISBN 951-42-8133-0 ISSN 1796-4725 Also available http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514281411/ Typesetting: Antti Krapu Cover design: Raimo Ahonen GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY 2006 Contents Vesa-Pekka Herva Introduction...................................................................................................................... 7 Archaeology, ethnicity and identity Noel D. Broadbent The search for a past: the prehistory of the indigenous Saami in northern coastal Sweden........................................................................................................................... 13 Timo Salminen Searching for the Finnish roots: archaeological cultures and ethnic groups in the works of Aspelin and Tallgren........................................................................................ 26 Carl-Gösta Ojala Saami archaeology in Sweden and Swedish archaeology in Sápmi: boundaries and networks in archaeological
    [Show full text]
  • The Holocene
    The Holocene http://hol.sagepub.com/ Palaeo-oceanographic development and human adaptive strategies in the Pleistocene−Holocene transition: A study from the Norwegian coast Heidi Mjelva Breivik The Holocene published online 13 August 2014 DOI: 10.1177/0959683614544061 The online version of this article can be found at: http://hol.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/22/0959683614544061 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for The Holocene can be found at: Email Alerts: http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://hol.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://hol.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/22/0959683614544061.refs.html >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 22, 2014 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 13, 2014 What is This? Downloaded from hol.sagepub.com at NTNU - Trondheim on August 22, 2014 HOL0010.1177/0959683614544061The HoloceneBreivik 544061research-article2014 Research paper The Holocene 1 –13 Palaeo-oceanographic development © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav and human adaptive strategies in the DOI: 10.1177/0959683614544061 Pleistocene–Holocene transition: hol.sagepub.com A study from the Norwegian coast Heidi Mjelva Breivik Abstract The human colonization of Norway occurred in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition – one of the most abrupt and severe climatic shifts in human history. For 1500 years (9500–8000 BC), the whole coast was occupied by mobile, marine-oriented hunter-gatherers. This paper explores dynamic relations between human adaptation and marine environmental variations in this period. An updated record of archaeological sites and palaeo-oceanographic data suggests a correlation between marine productivity and site distribution and density.
    [Show full text]
  • Controversies in the Wake of Anders Nummedal's Discoveries Of
    Breivik, H M and Ellingsen, E G 2014 ‘A Discovery of Quite Exceptional Proportions’: Controversies in the Wake of Anders Nummedal’s Discoveries of Norway’s First Inhabitants. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 24: 9, pp. 1–13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.249 PAPER ‘A Discovery of Quite Exceptional Proportions’: Controversies in the Wake of Anders Nummedal’s Discoveries of Norway’s First Inhabitants Heidi Mjelva Breivik* and Ellen J. Grav Ellingsen† Around the beginning of the twentieth century archaeologists believed that Norway was not inhabited until the Late Stone Age. In 1909 two pieces of flint, found by the school-teacher Anders Nummedal, launched an extensive debate about the prehistory of Norway, which in time led to the acknowledgement that there was an Early Mesolithic (9500–8000 BC) settlement of the country. However, Nummedal’s lack of archaeological education worked against him when he tried to date the many flint sites he found later on, and well-established researchers found his theories about Stone Age settlements unconvincing. He was regarded as an unskilled teacher who did not know the first thing about archaeological methods and terminology. Today, Nummedal is considered to be one of the most influential participants in Norwegian Stone Age research, and his discoveries are well known and widely recognized. This paper describes Nummedal’s fight to transform his reputation from ridiculed amateur to respected professional. The resistance he met when presenting his sensational theories is detailed through an extensive review of letters, newspaper articles and eulogies written by his colleagues. Introduction tools, and additionally, by the use of flint microliths.
    [Show full text]
  • Skiveøksa Langs Vestlandskysten
    UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN Det humanistiske fakultet Skiveøkser frå Vest-Noreg: ein analyse av teknikk, klassifikasjon og distribusjon. Av Tina Jensen Granados Masteroppgåve i arkeologi ved Institutt for arkeologi, historie, kultur - og religionsvitskap (AHKR). Våren 2011 (Framside: Skiveøks frå Risøy II: B6827a, avspaltingside og motside. Foto til venstre: Forfattar. Foto høgre: Shetelig “Primitive tider i Norge”, 1922:64.) I INNHALDSLISTE Innhaldsliste .............................................................................................................................. II FIGURAR I OPPGÅVA ...................................................................................................... VI TABELLAR I OPPGÅVA ................................................................................................ VIII TAKK! ................................................................................................................................. IX 1. Innleiing ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Geografisk avgrensing ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problemstillingar ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Målsettingar i oppgåva ................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Definisjon og Terminologi .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sámi Prehistories: the Politics of Archaeology and Identity In
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY 47 Carl-Gösta Ojala Sámi Prehistories The Politics of Archaeology and Identity in Northernmost Europe INSTITUTIONEN FÖR ARKEOLOGI OCH ANTIK HISTORIA UPPSALA UNIVERSITET 2009 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Geijersalen, Centre for the Humanities, English Park Campus, Uppsala, Saturday, November 14, 2009 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Ojala, C-G. 2009. Sámi Prehistories. The Politics of Archaeology and Identity in Northernmost Europe. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. Occasional papers in archaeology 47. 353 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-506-2096-2. Throughout the history of archaeology, the Sámi (the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Federation) have been conceptualized as the “Others” in relation to the national identity and (pre)history of the modern states. It is only in the last decades that a field of Sámi archaeology that studies Sámi (pre)history in its own right has emerged, parallel with an ethnic and cultural revival among Sámi groups. This dissertation investigates the notions of Sámi prehistory and archaeology, partly from a research historical perspective and partly from a more contemporary political perspective. It explores how the Sámi and ideas about the Sámi past have been represented in archaeological narratives from the early 19th century until today, as well as the development of an academic field of Sámi archaeology. The study consists of four main parts: 1) A critical examination of the conceptualization of ethnicity, nationalism and indigeneity in archaeological research.
    [Show full text]
  • Å Slå Seg Ned - En Regional Analyse Av Tidligmesolittisk Lokalisering Med Utgangspunkt I Østfold
    Å slå seg ned - en regional analyse av tidligmesolittisk lokalisering med utgangspunkt i Østfold Masteroppgave i Arkeologi, ved IAKH, UiO av Christian Westli ii Innholdsfortegnelse Anerkjennelser .....................................................................................................................vii 1.0 Innledning......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1Forskningens status. ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problemstilling ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Noen premisser: Begrepsbruk, faseinndeling og strandlinjedatering........................... 4 1.4 Oppgavens retning og struktur ..................................................................................... 6 2.0 Faghistorisk gjennomgang ............................................................................................... 7 2.1 Landskapsforskningen.................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Miljøet som utgangspunkt for tolkning...................................................................... 11 2.3 Overgang til neste kapittel.......................................................................................... 14 3.0 Prediktive modeller ........................................................................................................ 16
    [Show full text]
  • The Holocene
    The Holocene http://hol.sagepub.com/ Palaeo-oceanographic development and human adaptive strategies in the Pleistocene−Holocene transition: A study from the Norwegian coast Heidi Mjelva Breivik The Holocene published online 13 August 2014 DOI: 10.1177/0959683614544061 The online version of this article can be found at: http://hol.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/22/0959683614544061 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for The Holocene can be found at: Email Alerts: http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://hol.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://hol.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/22/0959683614544061.refs.html >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 22, 2014 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 13, 2014 What is This? Downloaded from hol.sagepub.com at NTNU - Trondheim on August 22, 2014 HOL0010.1177/0959683614544061The HoloceneBreivik 544061research-article2014 Research paper The Holocene 1 –13 Palaeo-oceanographic development © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav and human adaptive strategies in the DOI: 10.1177/0959683614544061 Pleistocene–Holocene transition: hol.sagepub.com A study from the Norwegian coast Heidi Mjelva Breivik Abstract The human colonization of Norway occurred in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition – one of the most abrupt and severe climatic shifts in human history. For 1500 years (9500–8000 BC), the whole coast was occupied by mobile, marine-oriented hunter-gatherers. This paper explores dynamic relations between human adaptation and marine environmental variations in this period. An updated record of archaeological sites and palaeo-oceanographic data suggests a correlation between marine productivity and site distribution and density.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture Contact, Ethnicity and Food Practices of Coastal Finnmark, Norway (1200 to 1600 A.D.)
    CULTURE CONTACT, ETHNICITY AND FOOD PRACTICES OF COASTAL FINNMARK, NORWAY (1200 TO 1600 A.D.) by Colin P. Amundsen A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2008 © 2008 COLIN PATRICK AMUNDSEN All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Thomas H. McGovern Date Chair of Examining Committee Louise D. Lennihan Date Executive Officer Sophia Perdikaris_____________________________ Orri Vésteinsson______________________________ Bjørnar Olsen________________________________ Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Culture contact, ethnicity and food practices of coastal Finnmark, Norway (1200 to 1600 A.D.) by Colin P. Amundsen Adviser: Professor Thomas H. McGovern One of the consequences of early commercial fishing, with regard to Norway, was the partial influence upon the Norwegian state to expand its regional borders and influence further north. Although this was out of economic necessity it was not the only reason for the establishment of permanent settlements, in the form of fishing villages, along the coast of Finnmark. One of the outcomes of this movement was a more visible Norwegian presence in the Far North which brought with it more direct contact with the local indigenous population, the Saami, as well as more inflammatory contacts with tribal peoples (Karelian) from present day Northwest Russia who were in the region to trade and to collect tribute on the behalf of the Principality of Novgorod.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Stories from Mesolithic Norway
    Exploring human responses to climatic fluctuations and environmental diversity: Two stories from Mesolithic Norway Abstract This paper explores environmental variations in time and space, adaptive strategies and possible cultural responses to climatic changes as manifested through archaeological data in terms of lithic tool technology, site density and settlement patterns. The objective is investigated by two case studies from Mesolithic Norway. The first case deals with the earliest settlement phase of Norway (c. 11,500–10,000 cal. BP), which climatically encompasses gradual changes from cold, arctic conditions, to a milder sub‐arctic climate, as well as the rapid Preboreal Oscillation (PBO) cold event. The second case explores the 8200 cal. BP cold event and its effect on culture and settlement in Southeast Norway. The studies suggest that the coastal settlement, in terms of site density, was not affected by either the PBO or the 8200 cal. BP event. Changes in site location patterns seem to have occurred gradually and on a long‐term scale. Shifts in lithic technology are detected within the Mesolithic periods, but a correlation between abrupt climatic alterations and cultural changes are yet to be proved. We argue, therefore, that in these northern, coastal environments, declining temperatures may have had less impact than on the Continental Plains, and may in fact have improved the living conditions for a range of marine species. Also, the Mesolithic populations seemed to have employed a generalized lithic toolkit and a flexible mobility system – adaptive strategies that was able to withstand environmental variantions in time and space. Keywords: Marine foragers; coastal settlement; adaptive strategies; shoreline displacement; Preboreal Oscillation; 8200 cal.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Human Ecodynamics of Stone Age Arctic Norway
    Department of Archaeology, History, Religious Studies and Theology Maritime Human Ecodynamics of Stone Age Arctic Norway Developing middle-range causal linkages between climate forcing, demography, and technological responses Erlend Kirkeng Jørgensen A dissertation for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor - 2020 Maritime Human Ecodynamics of Stone Age Arctic Norway Developing middle-range causal linkages between climate forcing, demography, and technological responses Cover photo: “Uveir langs kysten” (English: “Storm on the coast”). Hand-colored dias. 1900-1940. Wilse, Anders Beer / DEXTRA photo / Digitalt Museum. Ref: DEX_W_00152 Preface and acknowledgment “What are the major issues currently pushing the boundaries of archaeology? And what are the major problems archaeology needs to solve in order to advance as a science?” - he asked causally, not knowing how unsettling these questions were. My friend posed these questions in the inescapable setting of being crammed into a fully packed car, going to a mountain cabin for a new year’s celebration some years back. Of military background and no prior experience with archaeology, he had no idea how troublesome these questions were. I cannot recall what I told him in response. The answer was probably not very informative or interesting to him, and frankly, to this day, I am not able to give a straight answer to these questions. I have come across versions of this question at various points in my academic career, and it has always struck a chord with me. Being able to pinpoint the crucial questions epitomizes what constitutes great thinking in general, and great science specifically. In the case of archaeology however, making progress can often be frustratingly difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmers, Mariners, and Lords of Long Ago Archaeology and Prehistory in the Agder Region
    farmers, mariners, and lords of long ago Archaeology and prehistory in the Agder region By Frans-Arne Stylegar VEST-AGDER FYLKESKOMMUNE The author wishes to thank a number of people who contributed to this book, each in his/her own way: Dag Nævestad, Tor Kviljo, Karl Ragnar Gjertsen, Erik Peersen, Berit Sellevold, Martin Rundkvist, Aslak Fjermedal, Annette Booth, Ole Bertil Madsen, Torinn Hageland, Snorre Haukalid, Pål Nymoen, Tom Bloch-Nakkerud, Svein Mjaatvedt, Tom Heibreen and May-Liss Bøe Sollund. ISSN 1504-7520 Reports from the Departement of Regional Development, Vest-Agder County Council farmers, mariners, and lords of long ago Archaeology and prehistory in the Agder region contents The landscape - 6 The irst settlers - 26 Early farming - 40 Farmers and mariners - 52 Romans and barbarians - 74 Aristocrats of the Migration period - 102 Kings and vikings - 146 Portal from Hylestad stave church, Valle: Detail showing Regin forging a sword. Regin is working with hammer and tongs, while a helper operates the bellows . the landscape It is a commonplace of tourist brochures to state that a given region has ’everything’. But when it comes Agder, Norway’s southernmost region, it is almost true. Even if the two Agder counties are rather small com- pared to other Norwegian regions, the nature is remarkably varied and so are the ways of life. Just recently I woke up at the Penne farm to a Eidsfjorden with Listeid and Briseid, Farsund. Elle farm in the foreground to the working-day on Lista. It was May, and the sun was shining. Dressed in right. Isthmuses like Listeid and Briseid shorts and t-shirt I went ahead with my business, surveying bronze-age were for a long period natural routes of Agder is the southernmost region in Norway, comprising the communication, and yachts are still being rock-art.
    [Show full text]