Studia humaniora ouluensia 1 PEOPLE, MATERIAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE NORTH Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference, University of Oulu, 18-23 August 2004 Edited by Vesa-Pekka Herva GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY 2006 Copyright 2006 Studia humaniora ouluensia 1 Editor-in-chief: Prof. Olavi K. Fält Editorial secretary: Prof. Harri Mantila Editorial Board: Prof. Olavi K. Fält Prof. Maija-Leena Huotari Prof. Anthony Johnson Prof. Veli-Pekka Lehtola Prof. Harri Mantila Prof. Irma Sorvali Lect. Eero Jarva Publishing office and distribution: Faculty of Humanities Linnanmaa P.O. Box 1000 90014 University of Oulu Finland ISBN 951-42-8133-0 ISSN 1796-4725 Also available http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514281411/ Typesetting: Antti Krapu Cover design: Raimo Ahonen GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY 2006 Contents Vesa-Pekka Herva Introduction...................................................................................................................... 7 Archaeology, ethnicity and identity Noel D. Broadbent The search for a past: the prehistory of the indigenous Saami in northern coastal Sweden........................................................................................................................... 13 Timo Salminen Searching for the Finnish roots: archaeological cultures and ethnic groups in the works of Aspelin and Tallgren........................................................................................ 26 Carl-Gösta Ojala Saami archaeology in Sweden and Swedish archaeology in Sápmi: boundaries and networks in archaeological research........................................................................ 33 Visa Immonen Sámi spoons as artefacts of ethnicity: archaeological reflections on an ethnographic artefact group............................................................................................ 42 Mikael A. Manninen & Taarna Valtonen Research of the Báišduottar–Paistunturi project in northern Finnish Lapland 1997–2004...................................................................................................................... 52 Taarna Valtonen Saami food caches in the Báišduottar–Paistunturi area, northern Finnish Lapland........ 64 Christian Carpelan Ethnicitet, identitet, ursprung? Exemplet samerna......................................................... 75 Bozena Werbart The invisible identities: cultural identity and archaeology............................................. 83 Culture and society Tuija Rankama & Jarmo Kankaanpää Survey and excavation at Lake Vetsijärvi, Lapland...................................................... 103 Mika Lavento, Petri Halinen & Teemu Mökkönen Subsistence strategies and changes of communities between 9000–1 calBC: an archaeological intensive-investigation in the western part of Lake Ladoga, Karelian Isthmus, Russia.............................................................................................. 120 Charlotte Damm Interregional contacts across northern Fennoscandia 6000–4000 BC.......................... 131 Eva Stensköld Flintdolken – en senneolitisk berättelse: dödhus och kroppsförändrande praktiker under senneolitikum i södra Sverige............................................................. 141 Valdis Bērziņš Net fishing gear from Sārnate Neolithic site, Latvia .................................................... 150 Thomas Eriksson Riter och keramik i Mälardalen under bronsålder........................................................ 159 Nadezha Lobanova Karelian petroglyphs: problems of protection and reasonable use............................... 171 Houses, settlements and landscapes Esa Hertell & Mikael A. Manninen House pit formation processes: a preliminary assessment of pit 4 at Rävåsen, southern Ostrobothnia, Finland .................................................................................... 183 Petro Pesonen One house – two households? An investigation of a Late Subneolithic pithouse in Kuorikkikangas site, Posio, southern Lapland ......................................................... 198 Anna Gustavsson, Lillemor Olsson & Stig Swedberg Om socialt kön i Amhult: en tidigneolitisk boplats i genderperspektiv........................ 214 Oula Seitsonen Petsamo Maattivuono Rotojoki: two Late Stone Age dwellings excavated by Sakari Pälsi in 1929...................................................................................................... 226 Torben Sarauw Bejsebakken: a Bell Beaker site in northern Jutland .................................................... 238 Gundela Lindman Senneolitiskt bondeliv in Sydskandinavien.................................................................. 248 Hilde Rigmor Amundsen Materiell kultur fra senneolitikum/bronsealder – av forskjellig karakter i ulike landskap? En drøfting med utgangspunkt i enkeltfunn og boplasser fra Hedmark fylke i der østnorske innlandet ..................................................................................... 257 Magnus Andersson Neolitiska samhällen och landskap i Västskåne ........................................................... 265 Annemari Tranberg Insect fossils from Yli-Ii Kierikki Purkajasuo (northern Finland): landscape indicators......................................................................................................................278 Eeva-Kristiina Lahti Bones from Sápmi: reconstructing the everyday life of two ancient Saami households.................................................................................................................... 284 Physical anthropology Juho-Antti Junno Early hominid mating system: challenging body size dimorphism.............................. 299 Markku Niskanen & Juho-Antti Junno The reconstruction of body size and shape of the Paleolithic period Europeans.......... 310 Milton Núñez, María Haber & Elena Garcia Ocurrence of suprainiac fossae in Iron Age and later crania from northern Finland .........................................................................................................................321 Heli Maijanen Stature estimation for a 17th and 18th century Oulu population.................................. 329 Xaviera Torres & Milton Núñez Malaria in 18th and 19th century Oulu?....................................................................... 336 Sirpa Niinimäki & Ari Karttunen Finnish facial tissue thickness study ............................................................................ 343 Historical archaeology Mervi Suhonen Vyborg: a Karelian central place outside ancient Karelia?........................................... 355 Hannele Lehtonen & Kari Uotila Digital archaeology in the medieval town of Naantali: experiences of complete digital documentation of excavations........................................................................... 371 Liisa Seppänen From a jungle of contexts into understanding of activities and buildings in a town: a reflection from medieval Turku....................................................................... 381 Kirsi Jylkkä A medieval coin find from Valmarinniemi, Keminmaa, northern Finland................... 391 Janne P. Ikäheimo Resistance is futile, you will be assimilated! Porcelain finds from 17th–18th century Tornio .............................................................................................................. 398 Timo Ylimaunu Stone foundations and wooden cellars: material culture and the reproduction of urban space in Tornio during the 17th and 18th centuries............................................ 404 Johanna Enqvist Karelian Ware: pottery of slavonic type in eastern Finland.......................................... 412 Introduction Vesa-Pekka Herva The 22nd Nordic Archaeological Conference was held at the University of Oulu, Finland, in 18-23 August 2004, and the present volume publishes 38 papers delivered at the conference. All speakers were not able to contribute to the present volume, but the papers included here do give a representative sample of the over 50 presentations given in 8 separate sessions. While this publication may not capture the full richness of archaeological research in the Nordic Countries, it does perhaps give a glimpse of the issues and approaches that are of interest to the Nordic archaeological community today. The organizing committee of the conference invited papers on several broad themes, which were chosen so as to link the recent research carried out in the hosting institute, and Finland in general, to what were regarded as wider debates and central issues in present-day Nordic archaeology. Naturally, these themes are also mirrored in the contents and structure of the present volume, which is divided in five sections: ‘Ethnicity, identity and archaeology’, ‘Culture and society’, ‘Houses, settlements and landscape’, ‘Physical anthropology’ and ‘Historical archaeology’. Instead of attempting to sum up all the papers, I shall only briefly reflect on the key topics themselves and explain why they became to be chosen. The first section maps the relationship between ethnicity, identity and archaeology. The idea of ethnicity was important to the late 19th and early 20th century European archaeology, but it turned into a bad word after the Second World War. Ethnicity was (partly) released from its decades-long banning in the 1990s when ‘archaeologies of identity’ (e.g. Meskell 2001) developed into an important branch of study. The relationship between ethnicity and archaeology is still a potentially controversial issue, just like the relationship