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Tesis: Estudio Faunístico De La Familia Elateridae (Insecta

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Tesis: Estudio Faunístico De La Familia Elateridae (Insecta UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESTUDIO FAUNÍSTICO DE LA FAMILIA ELATERIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) EN LA ESTACIÓN DE BIOLOGÍA CHAMELA, JALISCO, MÉXICO TE SIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: BIÓLOGO PRESENTA : ERICK OMAR MARTÍNEZ LUQUE DIRECTOR DE TESIS: ALEJANDRO ZALDÍVAR RIVERÓN MÉXICO, D. F. 2014 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Secretaría General División de &tudios Profesionales Votos Aprobatorios VXlVD<'iDAD NAqONAL AVl"N°MA DI: M[XIC,O DR. ISIDRO Á VILA MARTÍNEZ Director General Dirección General de Administración Escolar Presente Por este medio hacemos de su conocimiento que hemos revisado el trabajo escrito titulado: Estudio faunístico de la familia Elateridae (lnsecta: Coleoptera) en la Estación de Biología Charnela, Jalisco, México. realizado por Martínez Luque Erick Ornar con número de cuenta 3-0532714-1 quien ha decidido titularse mediante la opción de tesis en la licenciatura en Biología. Dicho trabajo cuenta con nuestro voto aprobatorio. Propietario Dr. Juan José Morrone Lupi Propietario Dr. Andrés Rarnírez Ponce ;i-/ r Propietario Dr. Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón7-=e:-.o..u...;I/J>{; D· A'-~...JC>tf)- Tutor Suplente Dr. Víctor Hugo Toledo Hernández ~~ Suplente M. en C. Marysol TrujaDO Ortega ~ Atentamente "POR MI RAZA HABLARÁ EL EsPÍRITU .. Ciudad Universitaria, D. F., a 30 de enero de 2014 EL JEFE DE LA DIVISiÓN DE EsTUDIOS PROFESIONALES ACT. MAURICIO ACUlLAR GONZÁLEZ Señor sinodal: antes de firmar este documento, S!)ücite al estudiante que le muestre la versión digital de su trabajo y verifique que la misma incluya todas las observaciones y correcciones que usted hizo sobre el mismo. MAG/rndrn \"l'l'~ . Dedicatoria Dedico este trabajo especialmente a mis padres Javier Martínez Martínez y Martha Luque Hernández, que siempre me han brindado su apoyo incondicional en todo momento y me han brindado la fortaleza, a cada paso que doy en mi vida. Y a mis hermanos José Antonio, Laura y Francisco Javier, por siempre creer en mí. Agradecimientos Al Dr. Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón, por aceptarme como su alumno, compartir su conocimiento conmigo, y por todas las facilidades para que este trabajo se llevara a cabo, Muchas Gracias. Al Dr. Carlos Pedraza Lara, por la asesoría en el trabajo de laboratorio y por ayudar a que la parte molecular fuera relajada y fácil de aprender. Al Dr. Martín Leonel Zurita García, por la ayuda en la parte de la taxonomía, siempre en la mejor de las disposiciones, por sus consejos y su apoyo, a lo largo de todo el trabajo, lo cual se ve reflejada ahora en mi pasión por los elatéridos. Al Dr. Santiago Zaragoza Caballero y al Sr. Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez por sus consejos y valiosas aportaciones con su experiencia en el campo, lo cual ayudo en la recolecta del material para este trabajo. A los Dres. Juan José Morrone Lupi, Adrés Ramírez Ponce, Victor Hugo Toledo Hernández, y a la M. en C. Marysol Trujano Ortega, por su revisión crítica y valiosos comentarios del manuscrito final, que me permitieron mejorar el trabajo. A la Biológa Susana Guzmán Gómez, del Instituto de Biología, por la asistencia técnica en fotografia. A los amigos que conocí a lo largo de este trabajo, los cuales me enseñaron esa enorme pasión por los insectos, que ahora esta pasión, forma parte de mi vida. A mis compañeros y amigos de trabajo de la CCUD (Coordinación de Colecciones Universitarias Digitales) que me apoyaron, en especial a Daniel Pérez Castillo por las facilidades para concluir este trabajo. Y por supuesto a mi compañera, Gaby Ale, que me ha enseñado, aconsejado, apoyado, y me ha dado la fortaleza para poder concluir con este proyecto, gracias por formar parte de mi vida. ESTUDIO FAUNÍSTICO DE LA FAMILIA ELATERIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) EN LA ESTACIÓN DE BIOLOGÍA CHAMELA, JALISCO, MÉXICO. Alumno: Erick Omar Martínez Luque Director de tesis: Dr. Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón Al verte tan bella intuyo Que así serás envidiada, Que así serás envidiada, Al verte tan bella intuyo. Mi pensamiento concluyo Y te digo prenda amada ¡Nunca seas como el cocuyo, que trae la luz apagada! Eduardo Bustos Valenzuela Fragmento del Huapango "El Coyuyo" ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... - 5 - Diversidad Biológica............................................................................................................ - 5 - Coleoptera ........................................................................................................................... - 6 - El código de barras de la vida............................................................................................ - 8 - ANTECEDENTES ............................................................................................................. - 10 - La familia Elateridae en América ..................................................................................... - 10 - La familia Elateridae en México ....................................................................................... - 12 - Estudios filogenéticos de Elateridae................................................................................ - 13 - JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO......................................................................................... - 14 - OBJETIVO GENERAL.......................................................................................................... - 14 - OBJETIVOS PARTICULARES ............................................................................................ - 14 - MÉTODO ............................................................................................................................... - 14 - Área de estudio ................................................................................................................. - 14 - Flora ................................................................................................................................... - 16 - Fauna ................................................................................................................................. - 16 - MATERIALES Y MÉTODO .................................................................................................. - 17 - MUESTREO ...................................................................................................................... - 17 - TÉCNICAS DE RECOLECTA .......................................................................................... - 17 - Trampa Malaise:............................................................................................................ - 17 - Recolecta directa y Red entomológica:....................................................................... - 18 - Trampas de luz:............................................................................................................. - 19 - Trampa Funnel: ............................................................................................................. - 20 - IDENTIFICACIÓN DE EJEMPLARES............................................................................. - 21 - Identificación morfológica ................................................................................................. - 23 - Obtención de secuencias de ADN................................................................................... - 24 - DELIMITACIÓN DE ESPECIES CON BASE EN SECUENCIAS DE ADN.................. - 25 - RESULTADOS ...................................................................................................................... - 25 - Identificación morfológica ................................................................................................. - 25 - Identificación de especies con base en secuencias de ADN.............................................. 1 DISCUSIÓN................................................................................................................................. 6 DIVERSIDAD DE LA FAMILIA ELATERIDAE...................................................................... 6 DELIMITACIÓN DE ESPECIES....................................................................................................... 9 CONCLUSIONES............................................................................................................................ 11 DIAGNOSIS............................................................................................................................... 17 SUBFAMILIA AGRYPNINAE .............................................................................................. 17 Conoderus Eschscholtz 1859........................................................................................... 17 Aeolus Eschscholtz 1829.................................................................................................. 21 Heteroderes Latreille 1834 ..............................................................................................
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