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The Biologist 2017-2.Cdr
ISSN Versión Impresa 1816-0719 ISSN Versión en linea 1994-9073 ISSN Versión CD ROM 1994-9081 The Biologist (Lima), 2017, 15(2), jul-dec: 449-457 The Biologist (Lima) The Biologist (Lima) ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL FAUNA OF ARTHROPODS OF A HOT CAVE OF AN ECOLOGICAL RESERVE OF VILLA CLARA, CUBA ARTROPOFAUNA DE UNA CUEVA DE CALOR DE UNA RESERVA ECOLÓGICA DE VILLA CLARA, CUBA Rafael Armiñana-García1*; Rigoberto Fimia-Duarte2; Damaris Olivera-Bacallao1; Onelio Luis Quintero Delgado1& José Iannacone3,4 1Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] 3Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática. Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal. Lima, Perú. 4Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP). Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Parasitología. Lima, Perú. [email protected] *Author for correspondence ABSTRACT The cave artropofauna was surveyed in a hot cave of the "Mogotes de Jumagua" Ecological Reserve, in the municipality of Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara province, Cuba. The arthropofauna was collected using conventional methods. The maximum temperature of the air was 33.6°C and the relative humidity of the air was 90%, which places this cave within the category of "hot cave". Notes on the presence of 11 species of artropotroglofauna are offered: Periplaneta americana (Linné, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae); (2) Byrsotria fumigata (Guérin-Méneville, 1857) (Blattodea: Blaberidae); (3) Carcinophora americana (Beauvois, 1817) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae); (4) Pyrophorus noctilucus (Linné, 1758) (Coleoptera: Elateridae; (5) Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); (6) Antricola sp. -
The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State -
( J Lanttoftler
! torch 30, 1950 cal advertisers 80 « are only three ilneai, the Citizen* * Hatchery, and €\)nH xm vt\) (Jlanttoftler king stored grain The Forrest News Was Consolidated With The Plaindealer as of December 25, 1947 at temperature* m F. and multiply emperatures above SEVENTY-SEVENTH YEAR CHATSWORTH, ILLINOIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 6, 1950 NO. 32 AUTHOR OF HISTORY OF CHATSWORTH Gillum Ford Qnb Members Air Ed ig ra p h s — Farmer City, Odell, Buried In Minonk Lots of Water Goes Louis J. Haberkom, Long-time Cemetery Monday Theatre If certain predictions are Through Meters r, Il l i n o i s Views At Dinner Merchant, Is Claimed By Death true about this year’s lessen Fairbury Approve Gillum Ford, 69, a resident of - ing income, we may return to Chatsworth community 20 years March M the wartime measure of sopping ago, died at his home near Minonk Meeting Last Week Louis J. Haberkom, 88, died at up the gravy. Bond Issues Saturday morning. He had been In Chatsworth THIS WEEK his home In Chatsworth Friday •k in declining health for several afternoon about 4 o’clock. Death Have you ever noticed how years and died in his sleep. Reynolds Factory Members Side-step was due primarily to age. He had often a helping hand is ex Gibson City Voters Funeral services were held in w y e s la Daylight Time and been confined to his home for sev tended empty-handed ? the Minonk Presbyterian church Uses About Half eral weeks but he often said he ■k Turn Down Hard Monday afternoon at 2 o’clock andled?* Evening Openings did not have an ache or pain and Honor the man who neither Sewage Bonds with burial in the Minonk ceme The Water Pumped his mind remained keen almost to brags about his yesterdays or tery. -
The Colors of Firefly Bioluminescence: Enzyme Configuration and Species Specificity by H
THE COLORS OF FIREFLY BIOLUMINESCENCE: ENZYME CONFIGURATION AND SPECIES SPECIFICITY BY H. H. SELIGER AND W. D. MCELROY MCCOLLUM-PRATT INSTITUTE, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Communicated May 25, 1964 We have previously reported on an unusual stereospecificity of firefly luciferase for a D(-) isomer of firefly luciferin.' While both the D(-) and the L(+) form will react with ATP to liberate pyrophosphate in the reaction E + LH2 + ATP =- E. LH2AMP + PP, (1) only D(-) LH2AMP will react further, in the presence of oxygen, to produce bio- luminescence and an oxidized product. There is also a strong pH dependence of the color of the emitted light;2 in acidic buffer solutions, pH < 6.5, the intensity of the normal yellow-green emission, peaking at 562 ml,, decreases markedly and a low intensity red emission is observed, peaking at 616 miu. This is evidence that enzyme configuration is important in determining the resonance energy levels of the excited state responsible for light emission. Further Evidence for Configurational Changes.-Except for the partial denatura- tion of the enzyme in acidic buffer, the pH effect on the emission spectrum shift is completely reversible. We have been able to observe these same reversible red shifts in emission spectra by increasing the temperature of the reaction, by carrying out the reaction in 0.2 M urea and at normal pH values (7.6) in glycyl glycine buffer, by adding small concentrations of Zn++, Cd++, and Hg++ cations, as chlorides. The normalized emission spectra of the in vitro bioluminescence of purified Photinus pyralis luciferase for various Zn++ concentrations are shown in Figure 1. -
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Journal of Interdisciplinary Science Topics How many bioluminescent insects would be needed to produce the same level of light pollution as London? Sophie Willett The Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Leicester 23/03/2018 Abstract This paper determines how many light emitting Pyrophorus noctilucus would be required to produce the same level of light, and so the same amount of light pollution, as London. It was determined that if one P. noctilucos emitted 0.00153 lumens, it would take 2.940×1011 of them to produce the 449×106 lumen emitted by London. This number of bugs equates to an area of approximately 1.911×108 m2 which is 8 times smaller than the size of London. Introduction emitted by Northern Island alone and a sixth of the Light pollution is the veil visible over cities and towns total brightness of the UK. It should be recognised due to outdoor night-time lighting. The atmosphere that there is discrepancy in brightness values causes light from urban areas to scatter and produce between the satellite recorded value and absolute the distinct halo of light which is commonly visible value due to factors such as atmospheric scattering even from great distances [1]. The scattering occurs and satellite orbital distance. from the ground light interacting with aerosols and other molecules within the atmosphere. Light It can be determined as to whether P. noctilucus pollution affects the ability for astronomers to could replicate the measured brightness by observe the sky, with light from distant objects in comparing the brightness of the light they space, such as the glow of a galaxy, lost in the glare of themselves are able to emit. -
Hidden Diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest
www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Author Correction OPEN Hidden diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest: the discovery of Jurasaidae, a new beetle family (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with neotenic females Simone Policena Rosa1, Cleide Costa2, Katja Kramp3 & Robin Kundrata4* Beetles are the most species-rich animal radiation and are among the historically most intensively studied insect groups. Consequently, the vast majority of their higher-level taxa had already been described about a century ago. In the 21st century, thus far, only three beetle families have been described de novo based on newly collected material. Here, we report the discovery of a completely new lineage of soft-bodied neotenic beetles from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, which is one of the most diverse and also most endangered biomes on the planet. We identifed three species in two genera, which difer in morphology of all life stages and exhibit diferent degrees of neoteny in females. We provide a formal description of this lineage for which we propose the new family Jurasaidae. Molecular phylogeny recovered Jurasaidae within the basal grade in Elateroidea, sister to the well-sclerotized rare click beetles, Cerophytidae. This placement is supported by several larval characters including the modifed mouthparts. The discovery of a new beetle family, which is due to the limited dispersal capability and cryptic lifestyle of its wingless females bound to long-term stable habitats, highlights the importance of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest as a top priority area for nature conservation. Coleoptera (beetles) is by far the largest insect order by number of described species. Approximately 400,000 species have been described, and many new ones are still frequently being discovered even in regions with histor- ically high collecting activity1. -
Bioluminescence in Insect
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(3): 187-193 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.022 Bioluminescence in Insect I. Yimjenjang Longkumer and Ram Kumar* Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-848125, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Bioluminescence is defined as the emission of light from a living organism K e yw or ds that performs some biological function. Bioluminescence is one of the Fireflies, oldest fields of scientific study almost dating from the first written records Bioluminescence , of the ancient Greeks. This article describes the investigations of insect Luciferin luminescence and the crucial role imparted in the activities of insect. Many Article Info facets of this field are easily accessible for investigation without need for Accepted: advanced technology and so, within the History of Science, investigations 04 February 2018 of bioluminescence played a significant role in the establishment of the Available Online: scientific method, and also were among the many visual phenomena to be 10 March 2018 accounted for in developing a theory of light. Introduction Bioluminescence (BL) serves various purposes, including sexual attraction and When a living organism produces and emits courtship, predation and defense (Hastings and light as a result of a chemical reaction, the Wilson, 1976). This process is suggested to process is known as Bioluminescence - bio have arisen after O2 appearance on Earth at means 'living' in Greek while `lumen means least 30 different times during evolution, as 'light' in Latin. -
Brazilian Bioluminescent Beetles: Reflections on Catching Glimpses of Light in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2018) 90(1 Suppl. 1): 663-679 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170504 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal Brazilian Bioluminescent Beetles: Reflections on Catching Glimpses of Light in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado ETELVINO J.H. BECHARA and CASSIUS V. STEVANI Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Manuscript received on July 4, 2017; accepted for publication on August 11, 2017 ABSTRACT Bioluminescence - visible and cold light emission by living organisms - is a worldwide phenomenon, reported in terrestrial and marine environments since ancient times. Light emission from microorganisms, fungi, plants and animals may have arisen as an evolutionary response against oxygen toxicity and was appropriated for sexual attraction, predation, aposematism, and camouflage. Light emission results from the oxidation of a substrate, luciferin, by molecular oxygen, catalyzed by a luciferase, producing oxyluciferin in the excited singlet state, which decays to the ground state by fluorescence emission. Brazilian Atlantic forests and Cerrados are rich in luminescent beetles, which produce the same luciferin but slightly mutated luciferases, which result in distinct color emissions from green to red depending on the species. This review focuses on chemical and biological aspects of Brazilian luminescent beetles (Coleoptera) belonging to the Lampyridae (fireflies), Elateridae (click-beetles), and Phengodidae (railroad-worms) families. The ATP- dependent mechanism of bioluminescence, the role of luciferase tuning the color of light emission, the “luminous termite mounds” in Central Brazil, the cooperative roles of luciferase and superoxide dismutase against oxygen toxicity, and the hypothesis on the evolutionary origin of luciferases are highlighted. -
The Castniid Palm Borer, Paysandisia Archon (Burmeister, 1880), in Europe: Comparative Biology, Pest Status and Possible Control Methods (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 26 (/2): 6–94 (2005) 6 The Castniid Palm Borer, Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880), in Europe: Comparative biology, pest status and possible control methods (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) Víctor Sarto i Monteys and Lluís Aguilar Dr. Víctor Sarto i Monteys, Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca, Servei Sanitat Vegetal/Entomologia, Fundació CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Bar- celona, Campus de Bellaterra, edifici V, ES-0893 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; email: [email protected] Lluís Aguilar, Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca, Serveis Territorials a Girona, Sanitat Vegetal, Parc Natural dels Aiguamolls de l’Empordà, ES-7486 Castelló d’Empúries, Girona, Spain; email: [email protected] Abstract: Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 880) is a Neotro- palm leaf they had taken off from. In the lab, ♀♀ lived an pical species of Castniidae recently introduced into Europe average of 14. d whereas ♂♂ lived 23.8 d, and both sexes do (from Argentina), where it has become a serious pest of not appear to feed at all in this stage. Preliminary research palm trees. Since it was first reported in Catalonia (Spain) in indicates that sex recognition seems to be visual at first. ♀♀ March 200, it has also been found in the Comunidad Valen- simply move around within the appropriate habitat until ciana and the Balearic Islands (Spain), several Departments they are spotted by a patrolling ♂, in much the same way in southeastern France, Italy (Sicily, Campania, Lazio, Mar- as butterflies do. The fact that electroantennograms carried che) and even in Sussex (U.K.). Its life history and life cycle out using ♀ ovipositor (hexane) extracts, triggered a positive were not known in detail previously and are presented here, and significant response in ♂ antennae, seems to indicate comparing them with those of other castniid pests, mainly that P. -
A Preliminary Study on the Phylogeny of the Family Phengodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Zootaxa 3947 (4): 527–542 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3947.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FC05D43-724D-4A19-945F-6B5CE5DE2A0C A preliminary study on the phylogeny of the family Phengodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) SANTIAGO ZARAGOZA-CABALLERO & MARTÍN LEONEL ZURITA-GARCÍA Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 1 2 70-153, C.P. 04510, México, D. F. México. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the family Phengodidae (Coleoptera) is given. Thirty-six terminals, six gen- era and 60 morphological characters are included. To test the monophyly of phengodid subfamilies the terminals that be- long to superfamily Elateroidea Drilocephalus Pic (Dascillidae), Pterotus LeConte (incertae sedis), Vesperelater Costa (Elateridae), Photinus Laporte (Lampyridae), Pseudotelegeusis Wittmer and Telegeusis Horn (Telegeusidae) are used as outgroups, with the remaining 30 terminals corresponding to 26 specific and four generic levels. The matrix was analyzed under a parsimony criterion under a heuristic search performed in TNT v. 2.0. One parsimonious tree was obtained. In this study two principal groups are recognized in the family Phengodidae. This study suggests for the first time a close rela- tionship between the Telegeusidae and the subfamily Penicillophorinae. Key words: Morphology, Bioluminescence, Elateroidea, relationships Resumen Se presenta un análisis filogenético morfológico preliminar de la familia Phengodidae (Coleoptera). Se incluyeron 36 ter- minales, seis géneros y 60 caracteres morfológicos. -
The Gloworm Volume XXII No. 3, May-June 2015
The Gloworm If you want to live and thrive, let the spider run alive. - American Quaker saying Volume XXII No. 3 May–June 2015 An Extension Newsletter of the Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, & Plant Pathology Ada Fulgham’s Gift of 23 Hercules Beetles Will Delight Arthropod Zoo Visitors by Dr. John Guyton We do not see a Hercules beetle every summer. In fact, we sometimes go for 3 or 4 years without a camper collecting one, and we collect in habitats where you would expect to find them. So imagine our surprise when Ada Fulgham, whose older sister Lilli has attended Bug & Plant Camp and Beekeeping Camp with their father, nonchalantly walked in with a critter keeper full of beetles and a bucketful of host material. We saw a couple adults and a couple larvae on the top of the substrate, but after Ada left, we emptied out the material in the critter keeper and counted 12 adults and 11 larvae. Wow! She was not kidding when she told us she had found a lot of beetles. Our small arthropod zoo features a collection of exciting exotic species as well as common local species that are currently active. We almost always have something interesting showing up, so the zoo is continually evolving. We have already reviewed our guidelines to raising insects and made a quick trip around the internet as we discussed our plans for all of these beetles. Watch for updates as we learn to care for Hercules beetles. Clockwise from left: Ada Fulgham, her gift of 12 adult beetles, and 11 grubs. -
Diagnosing Apple Problems During Fall Harvest Season in the Fall of the Year People Are Harvesting the Fruits of the Gardening Season
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 6 Oct 2008 Diagnosing Apple Problems During Fall Harvest Season In the fall of the year people are harvesting the fruits of the gardening season. However, sometimes the harvest is neither the quality nor abundance we would like. Apples have many potential problems that can accumulate during a lengthy growing season. A few problems, such as the bruises and broken skin caused by a hail storm, are diffi cult to avoid. However, insect and disease problems can be dealt with quite effectively. A key to proper protection of apple fruit is to understand that there are many very common pest problems of apple and that effective control of these pests requires correct diagnosis of the insect or disease that causes the damage. While the harvest time of the year is too late to protect this year’s apple crop, it is the ideal time to identify the problems present in your garden so that you can deal with them effectively in the future. No specifi c control recommendations are provided in this web article, but we refer you to University of Wisconsin – Extension’s publication Apple Pest Management for Home Gardeners. These apples (L and C) are typical representatives of the quality of fruit that can occur if the trees are not protected from pest and disease problems throughout the year. Apples that drop from the tree prematurely (R) may be in- fested with insects such as codling moth and apple maggot. Common Apple Diseases Apple scab. Apple scab is a fungal disease; it is common wherever apples are grown.