Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015 Contents

Home , Abrostola triplasia, Acleris aspersana, Acleris cristana, Acleris literana, Acleris sparsana, Acrobasis advenella

Wimbledon and Putney Commons

CONTEXT 1 A. SYSTEMATIC RECORDING 3 METHODS 3 OUTCOMES 6 REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 B. BIOBLITZ 19 REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS LEARNT 21 C. REFERENCES 22

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of The Plain on Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2 Figure 2 Experimental Reptile Refuge near the Junction of Centre Path and Somerset Ride 5 Figure 3 Contrasting Cut and Uncut Areas in the Conservation Zone of The Plain, Spring 2015 6/7 Figure 4 Notable Plant Species Recorded on The Plain, Summer 2015 8 Figure 5 Meadow Brown and white Admiral Butterflies 14 Figure 6 Hairy Dragonfly and Willow Emerald Damselfly 14 Figure 7 The BioBlitz Route 15 Figure 8 Vestal and European Corn-borer moths 16

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Mowing Dates for the Conservation Area of The Plain 3 Table 2 Dates for General Observational Records of The Plain, 2015 10 Table 3 Birds of The Plain, Spring - Summer 2015 11 Table 4 Summary of Insect Recording in 2015 12/13 Table 5 Rare Beetles Living in the Vicinity of The Plain 15

LIST OF APPENDICES A1 The Wildlife and Conservation Forum and Volunteer Recorders 23 A2 Sward Height Data Spring 2015 24 A3 Floral Records for The Plain : Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2015 26 A4 The Plain Spring and Summer 2015 – John Weir’s General Reports 30 A5 a Birds on The Plain March to September 2015; 41 B Birds on The Plain - summary of frequencies 42 A6 ai Butterflies on The Plain (DW) 43 aii Butterfly long-term transect including The Plain (SR) 44 aiii New woodland butterfly transect (SR) 45 A6bi Damselflies and Dragonflies (SR) 46 bii Damselflies and Dragonflies (BB) 47 A6c Beetles 48 A6d Bees and Wasps 50 A6e Moths 54 B1a BioBlitz Report 2015 69 1b BioBlitz programme for 2015 71 B2 BioBlitz Plant Communities 73 B3 Birds Noted on the BioBlitz Walks 75 B4a Invertebrates Noted on the BioBlitz walks 76 4b BioBlitz Invertebrates Supplement B5 Mammals noted during the BioBlitz weekend and on the Pete Guest Memorial Bat Walk 77 C1a LNHS Botanising in Kingston Vale Report June 2015 78 C1b LNHS Botanising in Kingston Vale Plant Data June 2015 79 C2 Farm Bog Record – awaited from LWT Wimbledon and Putney Commons Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING AT WIMBLEDON AND PUTNEY COMMONS SPRING – SUMMER 2015

CONTEXT

In 2015, following a governance review, the election of new conservators, and a review by the new Chief Executive based on his first months in post, new formats were introduced for the in-house management and the governance structures of Wimbledon and Putney Commons. As part of this re- structuring the Natural History Sub-Committee was re-cast as a Wildlife and Conservation Forum (W&C Forum). The new Forum included representatives of the volunteer recorders as well as several Conservators and executive staff (Appendix A1).

This change importantly consolidated and coordinated the links between the amateur volunteer observers and improved the flow of knowledge and information between all three major constituencies. The new Forum planned 5-6 meetings in a year but with additional opportunities to explore key issues as a group. It oversees arrangements for seasonal wildlife recording and reviews wider landscape and ecological concerns affecting Wimbledon and Putney Commons (WPC). Since employment commitments make afternoon attendance at meetings and walks very difficult for some potential members, the Forum also has initiated a Spring evening event to draw in wider participation. Occasional weekend walks led by Forum members and WPC staff are another developing part of the Forum’s work. This emphasis on participation and engagement, as well as scientific recording, is further reflected in the amended job title of the Wildlife and Conservation Officer, now described as the Conservation and Engagement Officer (C&EO).

Monitoring activity in 2015 spanned the period of this structural transition. In February 2015 the Natural History Sub-Committee met with ecological and wildlife enthusiasts who have regularly recorded at WPC (the Ecological Advisory Group) to review the work undertaken at WPC in 2014 and to identify monitoring priorities for 2015. It was agreed to:

 Consolidate the records from The Plain initiated in 2014 using the same methodology as reported in Monitoring The Plain, Summer 2014  Review the impact, if any, of the earlier summer mowing date for The Plain (adopted in summer 2014 (Table 1)) on ground nesting song bird species and fauna and flora more generally  Continue monitoring public response to the Conservation Zone (Table 1, Footnote1) of The Plain  Note general environmental features such as soil conditions and weather  Whenever practicable incorporate wider recording activity led by specialist groups so that a fuller picture would emerge of WPC wildlife  Continue to engage and enhance public participation in wildlife observation through a weekend of focal BioBlitz activities 1 Discussions within the new W&C Forum additionally proposed:

 To extend the public participation activities through a programme of staff, volunteer and visiting expert-led walks and other activities  To offer, through a new Volunteer Forum, opportunities to participate in ecological management under the guidance of the Conservation and Engagement Officer or his delegate.

The main focus of this report is the wildlife and associated recording undertaken from March to September 2015 by assorted volunteers coordinated through the W&C Forum. This centred on the Conservation Zone of The Plain and followed the procedures adopted in 2014 (Taylor, 2014; Figure 1).

Figure 1 Location of The Plain on Wimbledon and Putney Commons

Additional plant records from the time of the Bioblitz are also available for Wimbledon Common where it borders Kingston Vale through the work of the London Natural History Society (LNHS). A very full insect list was achieved at the time of the Bioblitz for The Plain and its vicinity and subsequently for the adjacent heathlands through additional searching and follow-up visits by London Natural History Museum (LNHM) experts. These data are all included with this report. Damp weather at the time of the BioBlitz prevented an equivalent bat survey to 2014 and the proposed moth night-time trapping event. However, bat walks were held later in July and September and moth data have been recorded for set locations at WPC throughout 2015.

Recording was also undertaken earlier in the year at Farm Bog by the London Wildlife Trust (LWT). These data, which are still awaited, will be lodged with the Conservation and Engagement Officer when received. (The information will then form Appendix C2 of this report). The data included records of Veilwort (Pallavicinia lyelli) a mat-forming, thalloid, liverwort which is becoming increasingly rare in much of Europe. The species has been in decline in Britain since the 1950s, probably due to land drainage, and is now mainly found in the south of England. It appears to thrive in association with Purple Moor Grass (Molinea caerulea) and there are just two known sites in the London area, at Richmond Park and Wimbledon Common. At Wimbledon the population is quite large and seems to be 2 stable despite the removal of some Purple Moor Grass tussocks carried out as part of restoration of Farm Bog where Veilwort grows (Turner, 2007; London Wildlife Trust, 2015).

Additional Butterfly data to those presented in this report have also been sent to GiGL (Greenspace Information for Greater London) from where they may be retrieved (or by direct contact with SR, see Appendix A1). Some further Damselfly and Dragonfly data, mainly for several pond and bog locations, became available in Autumn 2015 when a new volunteer (BB) joined the W&C Forum.

The W&C Forum is currently seeking to improve data sharing between WPC, GiGL and adjacent wildlife groups for the mutual benefit of all parties. For day-to-day management of the Commons it is important to have all WPC records directly lodged with the C&EO so that they can be easily and quickly retrieved and acted upon appropriately. At the same time data sharing across Greater London and with adjacent county records for Surrey is of wider scientific importance especially given changing climatic conditions and threats to open countryside through changing farm practice and relaxation of planning restrictions on urban development. It is appropriate for WPC to participate in this and supporting resources are needed for data collation, verification and data entry to external systems.

Table 1 Mowing Dates for the Conservation Area of The Plain

Year Date mowed Year Date Mowed 2008 September 27th 2012 August 30th 2009 September17th 2013 September 20th 2010 August 24th 2014 August 7th Experimental earlier mowing designed to promote a longer sward the following spring 2011 August 25th 2015 August 8th Repeated early mowing; larger un-mowed zone reserved since some ground nesting song-birds still present. Note: work under the HLS agreement started in 2008.

1.The principal management element is late-summer mowing of the target conservation area (9.7 ha, about 4/5ths of the total area of The Plain, 11.7ha) with 1 hectare left uncut as a refuge of longer grass-herb sward for the benefit of ground nesters and making an overwintering refuge for some insect species, small mammals and reptiles e.g. lizards. From spring roughly 1/5th of The Plain experiences a regular mowing regime to maintain its suitability for general recreational use; the remainder, the Conservation Zone, is left uncut until late summer except for three mown pathways to allow the public to traverse the area. Annually, this un-mown area is declared a restricted access zone to all users and especially to dog walkers and their dogs from 1st March to 31st July to protect breeding birds from disturbance.

A SYSTEMATIC RECORDING

METHODS

As noted, at the February 2015 review meeting of Natural History Sub-Committee and ecological volunteers, it was unanimously agreed to repeat the monitoring initiated in 2014 in 2015, using the same procedures. This would give a fuller picture of the impact of the timing of the summer mowing, recreational disturbance and physical environmental conditions on the bird population of The Plain, and especially the ground nesting species, and on other fauna and the flora. It would also enable the newly constituted recording teams to consolidate procedures. New expertise had been found for invertebrate recording during the 2014 season and insect recording volunteers from the LHNM were keen to extend the records achieved in 2014. As previously, the Conservation Zone, the restricted access area of The Plain, was the main focus for recording activities (Taylor 2014).

Sward height

Detailed records for sward height in the Conservation Zone were noted (RT) in March and April. This was assumed to be the critical time for attracting potential ground nesting birds; by May plant growth should normally be rapid, overcoming any adverse effects from the previous year. In 2015, measurements were taken within the uncut area of the Conservation Zone as well as in the surrounding more extensive conservation area. Heather areas were measured as well as the main grassy locations since it was clear from even the most casual observation that the early Spring sward presented a mosaic of vegetation heights with, in the cut areas, patches of Heather, grass and rush the predominant variants, whereas the uncut square and uncut Heather patch potentially markedly increased the range of habitat opportunities for fauna.

Flora

Plant records were made from late April until late June, the date of the BioBlitz (US, RT) with additional rapid surveys in late July, immediately pre-cutting, and early September (RT). The September survey sought to investigate which were the main species that recovered quickly to flower again following the early August cut. This is, in particular, relevant for late summer insect diversity. Recording followed the same procedure as in 2014 with observations taken during a series of random walks undertaken for 2-3 hours during each visit (Taylor, 2014). Additionally, during the initial recording visits, very detailed records were kept from each sample location. These aimed to give some insight into which species were the most ubiquitous. Early in the recording season an approach was made to engage external expert verification for grass identifications. Unfortunately, this was not fully satisfactory and verification of some less frequent grass species present on The Plain needs further attention. The diversity is high and micro variations in habitat, especially drainage, can give considerable species variation in morphology and flowering time. In 2015, grass species records were, as far as practicable, verified throughout the season as each species flowered.

At the time of the BioBlitz, additional plant recording was undertaken in the marginal habitats that would be visited during the event. A botanical group from the London Natural History Society (LNHS) also undertook some recording at this time. Their work focused on the western part of Wimbledon Common close to Kingston Vale. The route walked started around the periphery of the Playing Fields area, crossed Beverley Brook, then took in a small wetland area which is part of Fishponds Wood, before moving on to explore the lower wooded slopes of Wimbledon Common. This enabled the party to record ground flora in some of the woodland areas that have undergone recent Holly thinning. The locations on this route are part of Monad TQ2171 as designated within the recording scheme for a New London Flora which is a major long-term project for the LNHS (Dawson, 2012). The survey was a one day transect search by volunteers with expert verification by DD wherever possible. A report of this is available in Appendix C1.

Public Use of The Plain - Disturbance Factors

Public use of The Plain was recorded from late March to late August. This included records of dogs and dog walking which are the main disturbance factors for the area. As in 2014, particular attention was given to the public response to signage restricting access to, and activities within, the Conservation Zone established primarily to protect ground nesting birds. Records were taken at 5-7 day intervals by the same volunteer (JW) as for 2014 who was again regularly walking the area beside The Plain and on the mown paths within the Conservation Zone.

Birds

Records for The Plain were taken from March to end September. These included the regular observations of the WPC bird watching community as collated by DW. These were supplemented by occasional observations from the plant recorders when on site (US, RT); the Commons staff; and observations noted during the regular monitoring of people behaviour (JW).

Insects

Butterflies on The Plain were recorded by DW throughout the summer. These data are directly comparable with those for 2014. Two new butterfly transects were established in April and June with help from Butterfly Conservation. SR monitored these regularly. Though they do not focus directly on The Plain they do importantly: a. Enable updated records on the long established transect route previously monitored by Gay Carr b. Give new insights into butterflies within the woodland glades and parts of the areas subject to recent Holly thinning.

Additionally at the time of the BioBlitz extensive records were gathered for a much wider range of insect groups by a team of volunteers from the staff of the LNHM coordinated by DS (a Natural History Museum staff member who is also a member of W&C Forum). Following the BioBlitz, some of the LNHM recorders returned and surveyed part of the main heathland area in a training exercise for LNHM staff. All these additional data have expert verification and, as such, are a major benefit for WPC.

Likewise, throughout 2015, moth observations, fully verified, were made at selected sites on the Common, most frequently at 1 Thatched Cottage (Figure 1) (LH, AE), further enriching the data bank for the Commons.

Other fauna

In 2015, the Conservation and Engagement Officer established a series of reptile recording sites on The Plain and in the immediate vicinity embracing heathland as well as acid grassland habitats. These, artificial ‘optimum habitats’ (Figure 2) were monitored periodically on nine occasions from late March until mid-September.

Figure 2 Experimental Reptile Refuge near the Junction of Centre Path and Somerset Ride

As in 2014 no systematic records were taken for amphibians or mammals. Some additional faunal data are available from BioBlitz activities; from observations during routine monitoring for other species; and from summer bat walks, public participation events led by experts, undertaken in July and September.

Environmental Data

No new soil monitoring was undertaken. Informal weather records were noted in the late Spring and early Summer by staff living on the Commons; and by the regular recorders of plants, birds and public behaviour and during the measurements of sward height.

OUTCOMES

Sward height

Vegetation heights were measured in March and April (Appendix A2). The cut area of The Plain showed considerable patchy variation. Grass heights seemed lower than expected given the early August +/- 15cm cut in summer 2014. However, this did partly reflect areas where the grass seemed to lay flat, possibly due to the subsequent passage of machinery or late summer recreational activity. Typical grassy sward heights ranged between 10-12cms with occasional taller tufts of Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) at 15-20cms. Some older Heather (Calluna vulgaris) patches were taller, around 21cms and had clearly not been cut low the previous summer but other areas of much younger Heather were typically 8-10cm.

Strikingly, although small pools of standing water were present, there was much less surface water than in Spring 2014. The uncut area seemed favourable for nesting since it was drier than previously and vegetation cover was good. Here the tussock bases of Purple Moor Grass (Molinia caerulea) were typically 20-24cms high (mean height 19.8cms) and showed visible new growth and in many places the dead flowering heads from the previous summer persisted giving sparse cover at around 100cm. Mixed among these taller grass heads were Goat Willow (Salix caprea) stems ranging up to 100cm; and dead flowering heads from other flowering herbs, e.g. Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and much low level shrubby vegetation including Creeping Willow (Salix repens), some Bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and Birch (Betula pendula) saplings. Rushes (Juncus spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.) were also present and by late April typically ranged from 15-25 cm tall with some rushes up to 40cm high.

Figure 3 Contrasting Cut and Uncut Areas in the Conservation Zone of The Plain, Spring 2015

3a The Central Mown Path of The Plain - A Typical Early Spring vista Uncut to the West; Cut to the East

3b Tussocky Purple Moor Grass with Dead Flowering Heads within the Uncut Area

Figure 3c Short Heather and Grasses West of the Main Cut Area Near the Footpath from the Information Centre towards Wimbledon Village

Flora

The full floral records for The Plain are shown in Appendix A3. Eighty plant species were recorded over four full visits (2.5 to 3 hour walks, 2 recorders) between 23rd April and 19th June and the two later rapid surveys which had more specific targets. The late July, post-BioBlitz, survey was essentially a verification visit and included a search for some species recorded in 2014 but not found in 2015; the September visit was focused on post-cut recovery and renewed flowering and autumnal species. It had been noted that some species, for example Tufted Vetch (Vicia cracca), seemed much less prominent at the 2015 BioBlitz than in 2014. However, the 2015 BioBlitz was held three weeks earlier than in 2014 and the late July visit confirmed that this apparent difference was, in fact, a matter of seasonality and peak flowering time and not a sign of ecological change. A similar trend was noted by the LNHS botanical survey with the Smooth Tare (Vicia tetrasperma) becoming evident in June whereas it had been omitted in earlier surveys.

Although the total number of species recorded for The Plain in 2015 is the same as that for 2014, in detail there are differences. Omissions from the 2015 record probably reflect minor differences in 7 seasonality, and the interaction of this with the periodicity of field recording. For example it is possible that the absence of records for the two Speedwells (Veronica chamaedris, V. persica) reflects the early Spring sunny and dry conditions in 2015 before the main phase of extensive field recording commenced such that these early flowering species, that have only limited occurrence on The Plain southern margins, were overlooked. Heath Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata) and Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera) were not recorded in 2015 (there was a single record of each in 2014). Their infrequency and the timing of the main survey visits and interaction with weather conditions almost certainly explain this. On the other hand an extensive patch of Southern Marsh Orchid (Dactylorhiza praetissima) including some 20 specimens was evident on the western Plain close to the uncut area. These were flowering in mid to late June and could be seen at the time of the BioBlitz (Figure 4).

Figure 4 Notable Plant Species Recorded on The Plain, Summer 2015

4a Southern Marsh Orchid

4b Cross-leaved Heath

Other gains in 2015 were Autumn Hawkbit (Leontodon autumnalis) which was very noticeable and widespread in the September survey and Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix) seen flowering in late June

8 in the western area of The Plain. This was a significant finding since the Common Heather (Calluna vulgaris) overwhelmingly predominates on The Plain as at other heathland locations on the Commons though a few isolated patches of Cross-leaved Heath are known to occur. The Male Fern (Dryopteris felix-mas) was also noted for the first time in the June records from the eastern part of The Plain.

Following the dry Spring of 2015 the abundance of species typically favouring damp sites and small pools, often at access points for management activities on The Plain which had been compacted by machinery, was markedly down on 2014 (a very wet Spring). For example, Redshank (Polygonum persicaria) and Marsh Cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum) were much less striking (and thus not something to point out during the BioBlitz) compared with 2014. The missing records for The Plain for Toad Rush (Juncus bufonious) and Slender Rush (J.tenuis) also almost certainly reflect the drier conditions. Further searching in the unmown area may have found these species which were seen on the adjacent heathland margins during the BioBlitz walk.

The detailed initial surveys gave a very crude insight into species abundance or at least into which species were most widespread. In late April the species with the highest frequency (number of sites present from 11 detailed records) were Purple Moor Grass (8); Birch saplings(7); Goat willow, Soft Rush and Tufted Sedge (Carex elata,) (5 each). At that time overall 31 species were noted. By mid-May, 50 species were noted at 11 sites with those most often recorded being Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and Tormentil (Potential erecta) (7); Common Mouse Ear (Cerastium fontanum), Meadow Buttercup (Ranunculus acris), White Clover (Trifolium repens), and Soft Rush (5); with Field Woodrush, (Luzula campestris), Heath Woodrush (L. multiflora), Purple Moor Grass, Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens), and Yellow Rattle (Rhinanthus minor) (4). One significant issue for management noted through these more detailed surveys was the abundance of tree saplings and seedlings. Observation also suggested that Hogweed (Hieracleum spondylium) was more widespread on The Plain than in 2014. These invasive elements may need some control beyond that afforded by the current mowing regime.

The changing species composition of The Plain as the season progresses is quite marked. Early season, the woodrushes are very evident with flowering patches of Tormentil, Bird's-foot Trefoil, and Red and White Clovers, Creeping and Meadow Buttercup gradually emerging. The most characteristic flowering grass at this time is Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). By late May Yellow Rattle is very conspicuous and in June a greater diversity of Vetches is seen along with flowering grasses, most obviously Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus), Common Bent ( Agrostis capillaris) and Wavy Hair Grass, (Deschampsia flexuosa). Perhaps surprisingly, Matt Grass (Nardus stricta) is a common component of the sward while Purple Moor Grass is widespread with characteristic tussocks in wetter uncut areas. Its purplish flowering heads are evident in July as The Plain starts to undergo a colour change from the predominant yellows, whites and blues of high summer to pale pink and mauve as the Heather flowers. Beyond the eastern-most mown path, Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile) is widespread.

The brief post-cut survey showed rapid recovery of the smaller growing species with yellow-flowered Tormentil very characteristic. Other species notably flowering in late summer included Common Catsear (Hypochaeris radicata) and Autumn Hawkbit as well as the Common Heather.

The 2015 survey confirmed that The Plain plant communities are best viewed as an intricate mosaic in which complementary small patches are alternately dominated by, for example, Heath Bedstraw, Yellow Rattle, Tormentil, Common Heather, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Ribwort Plantain, Common Catsear, Rushes, Sedges and in the wetter areas Creeping and Purple Moor Grass. It is this intimately interlinked

9 mosaic that creates an attractive and seasonally varying vista. Spatial variation is an interplay of microhabitat changes in drainage, vehicular disturbance during management, proximity of seed source and other micro scale factors. There is also seasonal change in the most evident species which is clearly shown in the month by month data. This plant biodiversity also affords a wide range of food sources and micro-habitats and thereby has the potential to foster an associated diverse faunal community.

Public Use of The Plain - Disturbance Factors

General observations of The Plain were taken in four main categories from early March to mid-August (Table 2 and Appendix A4). These records routinely included bird counts, dog counts, presence of walkers and other recreational activities and general comments on the changing biology and environmental conditions. As such they give a useful insight into seasonal progression and the extent to which the public comply with the requested restricted access to the Conservation Zone. They also helped to corroborate observations by the plant, bird and insect recorders. Striking in the March records is the abundance of Crows (Corvus corone corone), with more than 300 seen on The Plain on 1st March. Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) were also present in March feeding on Willow catkins; a pair of dogs was noted playing in the uncut square on 7th March and Frog spawn was evident in the temporary pools formed after recent rain. By April the pools were drying and indeed most areas of The Plain were dry in the Spring to early Summer phase in 2015, in marked contrast to 2014. Crows remained the most abundant bird species with some Wood Pigeons (Calumba palumbus) and Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) also noted; sunbathers were seen on The Plain in mid-April. By May, though still present, the numbers of Crows had declined and Swallows (Hirundo rustica) and a Kestrel (Falco tinniculus) were noted. A Skylark (Alauda arvenis) was heard calling in early June and settled to raise a brood. By then the sward was moving into its main flowering phase which, despite sunshine and dry conditions, had been delayed by cool temperatures. The presence of Kestrels (a brood was raised) suggested a suitable food source such as Voles (Microstis agrestis), Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and Shrews (Sorex araneus). It would be very useful to conduct a small mammal survey to see if this is indeed true for The Plain or whether these birds are relying on alternative prey; fledglings, earthworms and insects.

By late June the insect population had increased and by July, Butterflies and Crickets became key features. As noted in the previous section the flora had changed with Heather coming into bloom.

Following the early August cut, the insect population retreated to the unmown patches where the ground nesting song birds also persisted. Crow, Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), Magpies (Pica pica), Wood Pigeons, Stock Doves(Columba oenus) and Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) appeared to flourish foraging among the cut area debris.

Table 2 Dates for General Observational Records of The Plain, 2015

Date Date Date Date 1 March 7 April 12 May 3August 7 March 13 April 5 June 7August 20 March 21 April BioBlitz Mowing 28 March 28 April 2 July 13 August 3 April 5 May 17July 26 August

Throughout the period when access to the Conservation Zone was restricted, almost all people including those walking dogs kept to the mown pathways and complied with the request to leave the area undisturbed. It seemed that pride was being taken in the successful recurrence of breeding Skylarks

10 and, from chance conversations during field recording, there was an evident will to support the work of the management team. It was encouraging to note school groups visiting the area in July and receiving instruction in the recreational zone beside the edge of the Conservation Zone. Teenage insect photographers were also noted (RT) working their way along the mown pathways.

Birds

Table 3 Birds of The Plain Spring - Summer 2015

Common Name Scientific Name Observation Status at Wimbledon and Observed frequency Putney Commons in 2014? Carrion Crow Corvus corone corone 386 Breeding resident y Jackdaw Corvus monedula 196 Common resident, occasional y breeder Common Swift Apus apus 107 Non-breeding summer visitor y Swallow Hirundu rustica 73 Breeding summer visitor y Starling Sturnus vulgaris 69 Scarce breeding resident y Woodpigeon Columba palumbus 48 Breeding resident y Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis 45 Passage migrant and winter y visitor, not bred since 2004 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 27 Breeding resident y Magpie Pica pica 23 Breeding resident y Stock Dove Columba oenus 23 Breeding resident y House Martin Delichon urbicum 20 Scarce passage migrant, last y bred in 2004 Skylark Alauda arvensis 19 Passage migrant occasional y breeder (2015) Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 12 Passage migrant, winter visitor y Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 11 Regular passage migrant y Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 9 Passage migrant occasional y breeder (2015) European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 8 Regular passage migrant y Whinchat Saxicola rubetra 8 Regular passage migrant, y mainly seen in sutumn Sand Martin Riparia riparia 6 Scarce passage migrant n Green Woodpecker Picus viridis 2 Breeding resident n Great Spotted Dendrocopos major 1 Breeding resident n Woodpecker Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 1 Breeding resident y Linnet Carduelis cannabina 1 Scarce visitor, not bred since n 1987

Twenty two bird species were recorded on The Plain during 52 visits between 3rd March 2015 and 25th September 2015. At each visit the abundance of each species present was observed and any disturbance activities within the Conservation Zone and especially the uncut area were noted (Appendix A5). In general there was an improvement on 2014, with little disturbance noted and a willingness, once concerns were pointed out, to comply with the conservation aims. This corroborates the observations noted in the previous sections and the impressions of the plant recorders. In Table 3 the frequency of observation for each species recorded is noted together with its status at Wimbledon and Putney Commons based on the 2015 Bird Report (Wills, 2015). The total number of species recorded is 6 fewer than in 2014. Those missing from the preceding year’s record are; Mallard (Anas platyrhychos) (21 observations), Blackbird (Turdus merula) (7), Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) (7), Black Headed Gull

(Chroicoceplalus ridibundus) (6), Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) (2), Dunnock (Prunella modularis) (1), Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) (1), Jack Snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus) (1) and Jay (Garrulus glandarius) (1). Recorded in 2015 but not in 2014 were Sand Martin (6), Green Woodpecker (2) Great Spotted Woodpecker (1) and Linnet (1). It should also be noted that bird observations made during the in the weekly reviews of activity on The Plain recorded Ring-Necked Parakeets in the early Spring and Herring Gulls in the late summer (see previous section). As with plant data, and in fact commented on by several recorders, there will be chance differences of detail dependent on the timing and frequency of visits. One key significant difference, though, was the absence of Mallards on The Plain in 2015 or perhaps more pertinently their relatively abundant presence in 2014 (21records). This change would seem to graphically testify to the very wet conditions in Spring 2014 with extensive areas of standing water on The Plain and the much drier situation in 2015. Skylarks bred on The Plain in 2015 for the first time since 2007. It is perhaps too soon to be certain of the key reason for this. It may reflect the interplay of several factors viz. earlier, longer cutting of the main Conservation Zone of The Plain area in 2014; good spring regrowth in the uncut area in 2015; drier and hence, presumably, more favourable nesting conditions within the uncut area in 2015; a cool early summer following spring warmth such that the first singing bird Skylark arrived relatively late (25th May) seeking a breeding site which had by then started to achieve good regrowth affording good foraging areas as well as nesting materials. Better signage may also have played a factor in reducing disturbance and possibly also the impact of previous BioBlitz activities and reporting played a part in raising awareness of the conservation aims for The Plain. Reed Bunting (1 pair) also bred successfully on The Plain in 2015, as in 2014 which was the first successful breeding since 2007.

Insects

In 2015 extensive records were achieved for butterflies, damsel and dragonflies, bees, and wasps, beetles and moths (Table 4). Not all of these were wholly focused on The Plain but together they give a very informative baseline for future records. If similar surveys are undertaken in 2016, consideration should be given to a separate Insect Report similar to the annual Bird Reports.

Table 4 Summary of Insect Recording in 2015

Main Recorder Location Dates Comments Appendix group Butterflies DW The Plain 7April – 25 A6ai August SR The Plain From mid- Sections 1-5 are on The A6aii Part of new June Plain. Wimbledon This transect builds on Common previous work by Gay routine Carr and extends the transect route to The Plateau areas such as The Plain SR Wimbledon From April Established with help A6aiii Common SW from Butterfly and Fishpond New transect Conservation. Covers the wood vicinity First data woodlands of the lower slopes at Wimbledon including area with Holly thinning and potential new woodland glades Damselflies SR Wimbledon Around Bluegate, and A6bi and Common Hookhamslade ponds 12

Dragonflies and at Farm Bog BB 6 ponds and 21st June to Specific locations are A6bii wetland sites of 12th Bluegate, Hookhamslade, Wimbledon September Ravine Bog, Scio Pond, Common Farm Bog, Queens Mere

Beetles DS with The Plain and 21st June Marginal habitats e.g. the A6c LNHM its marginal Hogweed patch are colleagues habitats / important for this group BioBlitz route Rare False Click Beetle found in marginal mature woodland to the north east of The Plain Bees and DN curator The Plain and 18th June to Record includes main A6d Wasps Hymenoptera nearby 22nd August food sources at LNHM heathlands at Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath Moths AE, LH and Mainly 1 12 January to Annual record, 493 A6e occasional Thatched 20th species recorded and colleague Cottage December verified. Some also at Ranger’s Office, Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath

Butterflies Appendices A6a i-iii (full species list and scientific names)

DW recorded 12 butterfly species from 12 visits to The Plain between April and late August (A6ai); SR reports 12 species from 10 visits from June onwards to the regularly recorded Wimbledon Common transect which includes 5 locations on and around The Plain (A6aii). Six species in area of The Plain were common to both surveys; Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina), Gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus), Common Blue (Polyommatus icarus), Peacock (Inachis io), Comma (Polygonia c-album) and Small Copper (Lycaena phlaeus). Meadow Brown (Figure 5a) was by far the most abundant butterfly recorded with 62 from the DW survey and 67 of 76 butterflies recorded by SR in this area in late June being Meadow Browns. Overall, including the other locations on this (SR) transect, Meadow Browns were 80 of 105 records taken at this time. White Admiral (Limenitis camilla) recorded on 24th June was a noteworthy highlight (Figure 5b). Butterflies were clearly more abundant and diverse between late June and late July. Numbers on The Plain inevitably plummeted following the August cut. Favonius quercus, Purple Hairstreak, which was also noted during the surveying for bees and wasps, was recorded on both butterfly transects.

With advice from Butterfly Conservation staff, SR started recording a new woodland butterfly transect from April 2015. Twelve recording visits were made (A6aiii) and 21 species recorded. Meadows Browns were again abundant (39 records) as were Peacock butterflies (40) with Gatekeeper and Brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) also frequently seen (34 records each). The next most frequent species was Holly Blue (Celastrina argiolis) (20) possibly reflecting the Holly understory in the woodland areas. Though much Holly clearance has recently been done, care has been taken to maintain substantive remnants for the benefit of associated characteristic fauna.

Figure 5a Meadow Brown Figure 5b White Admiral

(Photographs courtesy of Martin Warren, Butterfly Conservation)

Damselflies and Dragonflies Appendices A6bi and A6bii

17 dragonfly and damselfly species were recorded on Wimbledon Common (SR and BB). These included Hairy Dragonfly (Brachytron pratense) which was thought to be breeding on the Common in the vicinity of Hookhamslade pond (SR). Hairy dragonfly is one of the earliest dragonflies to emerge and can be locally frequent in May and June. In Britain its overall conservation status is ‘uncommon’; it thrives in localised small pockets in southern and eastern England and in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Willow Emerald Damselfly (Chalcolestes viridis) was seen on an oak branch overhanding Queensmere on 12th and 13th September (BB). The record was verified by a national expert. This species is a relatively recent colonist to the UK being first recorded in Suffolk in 2007. The population is now expanding westwards and was recorded in Surrey for the first time in 2014. In 2015 it was recorded at the London Wetland Centre in Barnes on the same day as on the Common. Its favoured habitat is still water with overhanging trees, especially Willow.

Figure 6

Hairy Dragonfly - Photograph courtesy of John Curd Willow Emerald Damselfly - Photograph Courtesy of Darren Bast

Beetles Appendix A6c

Beetle data were gathered at the time of the BioBlitz. In 2015 a team of six additional enthusiastic and expert recorders from the LNHM joined DS at the BioBlitz event. They surveyed The Plain and its marginal habitats and along the main BioBlitz route (Figure 7). Ninety species of Beetles were recorded including 4 ‘Notable A’ species and one red book ‘endangered’ species, the False Click Beetle (Eucnemis 14 capucina). This was found in the area of mature trees at the north western side of The Plain. This find attracted considerable positive publicity locally and nationally (e.g. BBC, 2015). The species is associated with older well managed wooded areas.

Figure 7 The BioBlitz Route

Table 5 Rare Beetles Living in the Vicinity of The Plain

Species English Name Conservation Status Comments / Habitat preferences Eucnemis capucina False Click Beetle IUCN Red list species Older woodlands, unspoilt Endangered environments. A new London record Nearest other known locations are Windsor Great Park and the New Forest Ampedus None given Notable A Mainly in Surrey and Hampshire; sanguinolentus Nationally Scarce isolated London records. Larvae found in dead and decaying stumps of Birch. Woodlands and heathlands on acid soils with suitable host plants, viz Birch Stictoleptura scutellata Large Black Notable A Dead and rotting tree stumps - found Longhorn Nationally Scarce especially on old established Oak, Poplar and Hornbeam woods in Europe. Very little UK information available Rhinocyllus conicus Thistle-head weevil Notable A Has been used in the USA as a biological Nationally Scarce agent to control ‘noxious’ Thistles. This practice is no longer recommended since may also attack native, Cirsium spp. Trichosirocalus horridus Also a weevil Notable A Native in Europe and UK, also used found on thistles Nationally Scarce formerly as bio-control agent on Thistles in USA ‘Notable A’ species are nationally notable and have been recorded only in 16-30 10km squares in Great Britain.

As in 2014, Red Poplar Beetle (Chrysomela populi) was found in abundance on the regenerating Aspen and Willow on The Plain.

Bees and Wasps Appendix A6d

Possibly triggered by participation in BioBlitz event, the Curator of Hymenoptera at LNHM opted to conduct further surveys for bees and wasps on the heathlands at WPC. Very interestingly these records include notes on the plant food sources of the species recorded. In August when the Heather was in peak flowering several interesting Heather-associated species were noted. These included Heath Bumblebee (Bombus jonellus), Heather Bee (Colletes succinctus), Heather Mining Bee (Adrena fuscipes) and Black-horned Nomad (Nomada rufipes) (which is a cleptoparasite of Adrena fuscipes). As well as flowers of Common Heather, key food sources noted included Bramble, Common Catsear, Cross Leaved Heath, Lesser Burdock (Arctium minor), Ragwort (Senecio jacobea), White Clover, Tormentil, Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthenum vulgare), Golden Rod (Soldago canadensis), Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense), Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Bird’s-foot Trefoil and Stitchwort (Stellaria sp.). These plants include typical components of The Plain flora and of the marginal verges, e.g. Oxeye Daisy, highlighting the close inter-dependence of plant and insect communities.

During the BioBlitz event 34 species of bees and wasps were recorded; by late August an additional 29 had been noted, giving overall 63 species.

Moths Appendix A6e

Moths were observed throughout the year (AE and LH). In total 493 species were recorded and verified. Most records were noted at 1 Thatched Cottage garden, a staff residential property on Wimbledon Common. Three further recording locations were used; the Ranger’s Office, Wimbledon Common at the Aspen patch on the edge of The Plain, and on Putney Heath between Ladies Mile and Jubilee Path. (Figure1).

Significant findings include Lead-coloured Drab (Orthosia populeti), Light Orange Underwing (Boudinotiana notha) and the nationally ‘uncommon’ Orange-tailed Clearwing, (Synanthedon andrenaformis); immigrant species included the Rusty-dot Pearl (Udea ferrugalis), Diamond-back Moth (Plutella xylostella), Rush Veneer (Nomophila noctuella), Vestal (Rhodometra sacraria) (Figure 8a), European corn-borer (Ostrinia nubilalis); and the recent colonist, Box-tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis). The sighting of Musotima nitidalis is thought to be only the 2nd record of this species in the Surrey Vice county. M. nitidalis is native to Australia and New Zealand is thought to have been introduced with tree ferns. The first UK records were from Dorset in 2009.

Figure 8a Vestal (Rhodometra sacraria) Figure 8b European corn-borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

Photo courtesy of Mark Parsons, Butterfly Conservation)

Other Fauna

A pilot survey to record reptiles on the Commons in the vicinity of The Plain and nearby heathland was established in 2015. Six refugia, corrugated metal/plastic sheets (Figure 2), were in place by late March. They were visited at roughly fortnightly intervals until 19th August and again on 11th September. At each visit the refugia temperature were noted and a search made for Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix), Common Lizards (Lacerta vivipara / Zootoca vivipara), Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis) and Adders (Viper berus). One Lizard was found at refuge 4 during the September visit, no other reptiles were recorded at any refuge site on any survey date. Other species, however, were more tempted by the reptile refugia. On 16th June Common Toads (Bufo bufo) were present at refuges 1, 2 and 5 and again at refuge 3 on 19th August. In September a Vole (Microstus agrestis) was found under refuge 1 and a Toad at refuge 3.

Common Lizards were seen during the summer survey; in the Windmill car park and on Ladies mile on 16th May; on heathland adjacent to Centre Path on 21st June; and during scrub bashing activities near Ladies Mile. In August, 4 Common Newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) were found under a log on bare ground in the southern area of The Plain. A Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus) was found by a runner on a footpath close to Scio Pond, however, this is believed to have been released rather than it being a species native to the Commons.

Mammal records are essentially chance sightings such as the Vole above. There are no systematically recorded data on the small mammal populations of WPC. Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) numbers seemed much lower than in 2014 resulting in much longer turf on the southern side of The Plain where previously groups of 20+ had been seen grazing at dusk. There were no reports of Muntjac (Muntiacus reeves) sightings in 2015. Other mammals known to be present are Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Badger (Meles meles), Grey Squirrel (Scurius carolinensis) and two bat species noted during bat walks in July and September, Daubenton’s (Myotis daubentonii)and Pipistrelle (Pipistrellis pipistrellis), though surveys in previous years have identified at least 7 bat species.

Environmental Data

No soil data were recorded, but it is unlikely there was any change in pH compared with 2014. Weather conditions did, however, seem different though no direct site records were available, just recorders’ impressions. Spring 2015 was drier than the previous two years and there were no extensive, persistent areas of standing water on The Plain. March and April were sunny and fairly warm by day though with some chilly nights in April but May was cool, even with local ground frosts. Anecdotally it was felt the cool late Spring and early Summer held back the anticipated seasonal surge in regrowth of the cut area on The Plain. There was a sudden rush of activity from late May onwards. In terms of teasing out whether mowing regime or chance climatic variations are favouring ground nesting species, floral diversity etc. reliable local weather records would be helpful. Inexpensive digital weather recorders are now available with computer links. Data for rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, and humidity, along with wind speed and direction, would be a helpful additional guide to management. Some routine systematic winter records of conditions on The Plain in terms of standing water would also be helpful.

REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The 2015 recording season has produced a rich data bank for The Plain and the Commons more widely. Work on The Plain has deepened our collective understanding of its ecology and management priorities It has also consolidated understanding between different floral and faunal recording groups such that for the future, it should be possible develop a ‘house style’ for data reporting and thereby streamline this part of the work. In this we have benefited considerably from the expert presence of volunteers from the London Natural History Museum Entomology Section and experts from Butterfly Conservation. The support and enthusiasm of the growing network of volunteer recorders has also enabled new recording sites to be monitored. The new butterfly transect set up to monitor the woodland area should beneficially support management activities aimed at opening up woodland rides and glades, as well as enriching ecological knowledge. These data will complement existing bird and plant records to give a more rounded picture of these secondary woodlands, their understory, ground flora and associated faunal communities. Also new this year is the pilot study to record reptiles on the Commons. While this needs further refinement it did reveal the presence of amphibians and small mammals. During plant recording it was noted that in terms of its current management objectives some targeted removal or control of regenerating woody saplings and invasive weeds, such as Hogweed, may be needed to maintain The Plain as good quality acid grassland.

The Commons lack scientifically gathered information on their small mammal populations and the W&C Forum has proposed that a pilot survey should be run linked with BioBlitz activities in 2016. The presence of birds of prey over the Commons suggest they are good hunting ground, but for what? The interaction with BioBlitz activities is a two way process; the public engagement event underpins the need to know what is there to ensure a good experience for visitors and the BioBlitz itself yields useful information. This was demonstrated very well in 2015 with the discovery of the endangered False Click Beetle and other nationally rare beetle species during the event. Associated extended monitoring on the heathlands by Natural History Museum expert staff yielded further hugely beneficial data, not just which bees and wasps were present, but where and what they foraged which is important information for management of these communities.

It must be stressed, though, that these data come from volunteers. As such the records are vulnerable in terms of long-term sustainability. Some volunteers have relevant ecological professional expertise and this has, in particular, informed the need to improve data collation, quality control, storage and retrieval systems and sharing with external agencies. It remains important that WPC maintains its own ecological data bank as well as sharing externally but these processes have time demands, currently difficult to meet. Yet a designated staff person to regularly attend to data management would in the long-term be beneficial to the organisation.

Relying on volunteers also inevitably means ‘gaps’ and, undoubtedly, some organism groups are currently under-reported. Steps are in progress to gain fungal records; to improve mammal information (small and larger); and to gain information on other, as yet, unrecorded (systematically) faunal groups. Future work will be enriched by the currently proposed Phase 1 Habitat Survey. This should give a clear picture of the main vegetation and habitat units enabling new recording efforts to be linked to a systematic programme periodically covering the full range of these units.

As discussed above, more attention should be given to improving contextual environmental information, especially climatic data. These could be easily gathered using a simple electronic weather station. But, again, staff time would be needed to analyse and interpret data collected.

B. BIOBLITZ 20TH-21ST JUNE 2015

A general report of the BioBlitz is available on the WPCC web site or as a leaflet from the Ranger’s Office and is also appended here (Appendix B1a); the programme of the proposed events is shown in Appendix B1b. The principal aim of the BioBlitz was to engage with the public in discovering flora and fauna and learning about WPC management objectives and their impacts.

Forecast rain and thunder for the evening of Saturday 20th June led to cancellation of the proposed bat walk and moth trapping events. From the public engagement perspective, two subsequent bat walks took place in late-July and mid-September. These generated similar participant enthusiasm and ecological data to the 2014 BioBlitz bat walk. LH undertook moth trapping later that evening (20th June) at 1, Thatched Cottage so that some moth specimens were available for a simulated ‘moth trap opening’ with the public early on Sunday morning. The ‘moth trap opening’ has proved a popular event.

As in 2014, the focal areas for the BioBlitz search events were The Plain and adjacent wayside, heath and woodland extending through to the pond at Bluegate (Figure 7). On Sunday morning events started with an early morning bird walk which was followed by two general ecological investigations of the flora and fauna to be found at the various habitats along the BioBlitz route. Additionally, the Quekett Microscopical Society set up a series of (very) micro-beast, lichen and similar investigations in the Information Centre. This year, rather than offering separate events for young children, volunteers from the children’s Wimbledon Common Nature Club joined the two general walks to give extra support to younger visitors and making it easier for families to explore together.

The floral records shown for the BioBlitz are those recorded for The Plain on 18th and 19thJune, immediately prior to the public event supplemented by additions from habitats to be explored along the route. Potential plant species were listed for each mini-habitat; the woodpile zone verge, Hogweed patch etc. to aid investigations during the BioBlitz walks (Appendix B2). Twenty three species were recorded this way in addition to the 59 species recorded from The Plain at this time. Particularly impressive this year were the swathes of Wavy Hair Grass at Bluegate and the striking crimson-flowered Grass Vetchling (Lathytus nissola) found interspersed with grasses and assorted Vetches on the southern side of The Plain. Birds observed on the day are listed in Appendix B3. Undoubtedly the sight of a soaring and singing Skylark was the highlight of the mid-morning walk. As in 2014, a young Kestrel was seen perched on dead timber on The Plain and subsequently taking lessons in hunting from the parent birds. ‘Bug’ hunting was again popular and some participants became experts with the butterfly nets. Sweeping through the Hogweed patch and the floral mosaics on The Plain and chasing the colourful Damselflies and Dragonflies at Bluegate were energising activities.

More time was given to the general walks this year with well-spaced morning and afternoon sessions. This allowed time for more relaxed participatory searching and informal discussions with the experts from the LNHM, W&C Forum and WPC staff and importantly also gave more recovery time for leaders between sessions. While all this was happening a wider team of LNHM volunteers was sweeping and searching and starting to generate the extensive beetle, bee and wasp data as discussed in Section A (See Appendices A6c and A6d). These detailed surveys by volunteer professional entomologists found several uncommon species including the endangered False Click Beetle. Overall 34 species of bees and wasps and 90 species of beetles were recorded by the LNHM team. A list of invertebrates found during the public participation BioBlitz walks is presented in Appendix B4a. This has recently (Spring 2016) been supplemented by the species records of DS taken at BioBlitz and shown in Appendix B4b (some specimens required later laboratory confirmation of identification). Altogether, in 2015, during the

BioBlitz events with the public 158 species were spotted. This total includes the two species of bats noted in the rearranged bat walk.

2015 records are in bold 2014 records are shown in brackets.

Plants 82 (71) Birds 33 (32) Invertebrates 37 (33)1 (plus 34 bees and wasps and 90 beetles from separate contemporaneous searching by NHM volunteers) Mammals 6 (7)

1 Total from the 2014 day time walks with the public excluding 42 moths from the night time trapping events involving public participation

From events with the public 2015 158 Grand total including 124 LHM-recorded bee, wasp and beetle additions 271 (minus 2 known duplicates from the insect surveys) 280

The equivalent totals for 2014 were: (187 including the moths) plus (51) from late afternoon expert searching (238) (Taylor 2014)

Plant and bird numbers are comparable for the two years. The higher plant total in 2015 reflects more thorough additional recording in the peripheral communities along the BioBlitz route; and the inclusion of a new survey location at the wayside area near the wood pile. Though the number of bird species recorded is identical there is variation within the lists; for example Skylark was not recorded in 2014, nor was Chiffchaff, whereas Great Spotted Woodpecker and Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), seen in 2014, were not recorded this year. Aside from the Skylark record for 2015 there would seem to be no major ecological significance in the divergences between the two lists. Invertebrate records from the walks with the public were also similar in total to 2014 though they differ in detail. In 2015 there are more records for flies but fewer records of butterflies and minibeasts such as millipedes and woodlice and no frogs or toads were noted. That fewer butterflies were recorded in 2015 may reflect the overcast conditions on the day and possibly also the earlier date of the event. On the other hand more day moths were included in the 2015 records. The absence of millipedes and woodlice reflects where people searched; in 2015 no-one investigated the decaying wood on the woodland floor in the area between Bluegate and The Plain. The frogs and toads in the 2014 record were seen at night in the adjacent damp car park when returning from the moth trapping event but no equivalent opportunity occurred in 2015. The additional fly records have much to do with the personal enthusiasm of the particular recorder. Especially noteworthy are the records of two nationally scarce hoverflies, Xylota ambiens, seen in a couple of locations close to The Plain (the adults are occasionally found on sunlit foliage and tree trunks), and Megamerina dolium found on the birch/oak woodland just south of the windmill (both listed in Appendix B4a). Furthermore some fly species on the supplementary list (Appendix B4b) may be new records for the Commons since they are from slightly obscure families (personal communication, Duncan Sivell). There were also more additional data recorded this year for bees and wasps and for beetles through the generous volunteer support of LNHM staff. Inevitably missing from the 2015 record (due to bad weather on Saturday evening) are night-flying moths which through the ‘nearby -to-The Plain’ moth trapping event contributed 42 species to the 2014 total.

A clear audit trail is needed for sensible analysis of BioBlitz data. For example, it is well known that more people hours spent on ecological recording will typically generate more data and, if not interpreted carefully, could give a misleading impression of suddenly inflated biodiversity (Sutherland, 2006). Equally, false absences may be perceived if a particular microhabitat type is not visited. Adjusting the 2015 data to allow for the missing the night time moth records gives a similar hypothetical tally to 2014 for the public participation events (158+42=200). This suggests that no major real world changes have occurred between the 2014 and 2015 BioBlitz events but accidents of weather and survey opportunities have intervened to influence the overall counts. Indeed the similarity in potential species totals suggests procedures adopted are reasonably robust.

REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS LEARNT

The BioBlitz event again yielded much positive feedback. Participants found it enjoyable and informative. New people signed up for the Commons Newsletter; some even went home to try to create their own flowering meadow (feedback to RT). New volunteer recorders came forward to help. The enthusiastic input from the LNHM volunteer expert volunteers enriched the public event and also yielded valuable additional records. It is anticipated they will participate again in 2016.

Most of the practical recommendations for improving the event noted in the 2014 report viz. to give more time for searching and discussions on the walks; to integrate children’s activities with the main walks; to give a longer break between the main events; to run the event in June rather than July; were implemented with good effect. More butterfly nets and ID charts were made available than were supplied in 2014 which made for fuller engagement of participants. The blackboard used for recording the species found also generated interest and engagement and was kept available for perusal after the event. For 2016 and subsequent events consideration should be given to:

 Diversifying the event to include publicity stands and demonstrations from local groups and organisations with interests in wildlife recording/photography/art etc.  Including a small mammal survey related to the event  Discussion among volunteer leaders and W&C Forum members on how best capture all data and express year to year comparisons  Creating a BioBlitz base map and ‘Key Facts’ sheet to enhance the public‘s experience and support data capture.

REFERENCES

BBC (2015) Rare False Click Beetle ‘spotted for the first time’ on Wimbledon Common Available at: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-33491987 Last accessed 03.02.2016 Dawson, D. (2012) The New London Flora; interim results for Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath. Unpublished Report available from WPC Ranger’s Office London Wildlife Trust (2015) Peaty Finders: Discovering London’s Peat Bogs Available at: http://www.wildlondon.org.uk/sites/default/files/peaty_finders_- _discovering_londons_peat_bogs_2015.pdf Last Accessed 07 02 2016 Sutherland, W. J.(Ed.) (2006) Ecological Census Techniques Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 21

Taylor, R. (Ed.) (2014) Monitoring The Plain 2014. Available from WPC Ranger’s Office Turner, J. M. (2007) Pallavicinia lyelli Plantlife Report: Plantlife International. Available at: www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Pallavicinia_lyellii_dossier1.pdf 16 Feb 2007 Last accessed 01.02.2016 Wills, D. (Ed.) (2015) The Birds of Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath 2015 Available from WPC Ranger’s Office

Appendix A1 THE WILDLIFE AND CONSERVATION FORUM AND VOLUNTEER RECORDERS

a. Membership of the Wildlife and Conservation Forum (W&C Forum)

Role with WPCC Participant Contributing Initial Field recorder for Expertise identifier The Plain PM in text BioBlitz BB Other WPC Chief Executive Simon Lee Environmental SL BB overview

Wildlife and Peter Haldane General ecology and PH PMBB Engagement Officer wildlife management house staff

- reptiles

In PA to the Chief Angela Evans Moths , wildlife AE BBO Executive communication Conservator Derek Birds, Natural History DF

Frampton Conservator Shirley Gillbe Zoology SG

Conservator Ros Taylor Plant Ecology RT PMBB W&C Forum Chair Conservators Conservator Prue Whyte Natural History PW

Butterfly Les Hill Butterflies and LH BBO Conservation Moths Children’s Nature Alison Pelikan Small Mammals, AP club leader, Engaging young people

Retired volunteer Simon Riley Butterflies SR O

Natural History Duncan Sivell Insects especially DS PMBBO Museum butterflies Retired volunteer Una Sutcliffe Plants US PMBB Wimbledon Mires expert Volunteer members Retired volunteer Dave Wills Birds DW PMBBO Coordinator Annual Bird reports for Wimbledon Common Retired volunteer Jan Wilczur Birds, Richmond Park JWz O link

b. New member joined November 2015

Bill Budd (BB) - retired volunteer - damselfly and dragon fly recorder

c. Other key volunteers

Dave Dawson (DD) - botanical expert John Weir (JW) - retired volunteer, seasonal changes in vegetation, birds and environmental conditions on The Plain; public activities on The Plain

Forum members can be contacted through the Ranger’s Office

Tel: 020 8788 7655 E-mail: [email protected] www.wpcc.org.uk

23 Appendix A2 SWARD HEIGHT DATA SPRING 2015

Date General location Grass Rush / Willow / other Comments height cms height cms 10/03/15 Sample site 1a 12,10,10,9.5,10,10 N.A. Much grass is trampled Near first, most and therefore not western, mown path - standing upright and beside heather patch Mean 10.25 hence seeming shorter than actual stem lengths Very short fine grass Sward is typically 10- turf, Nardus ? 12cm tall; 15cm max Some emergent heather Sample site 1b 12,10,15,10,7,5,7,10,10 N.A Occasional Molina tufts As above but zone with at 15cm dead Molina leaves Mean 9.6 4 crows , wet pools

Sample site 2 20,22,24,23,15,20,23,16,18, 105,95,98,84,110 Edge and just inside 17 Uncut area , very wet adjacent uncut area Dead flowering heads of part Molinia tussock bases Molinia Salix caprea present

Mean 19.8 Mean 98.4

Sample site 3 Molinia Calluna Older heather is re- Far side of heather 10,10,10,10,12,10 26,29,19,15,15,23,23,21,15, growing from cut , patch at site 1 20 possibly in previous year Mean 10.3 Mean 20.6 (2013)

Juncus Some much shorter 38,32,42,18,20,28,29,17,24, younger heather is 29,24,22, present. Mean 26.5 Grass looks bruised and rolled flat in places

Dog splashing in pools of uncut zone

Sample site 4 Juncus Near pool with Juncus. Close to path beside 15,12,16,15,17,20,14,11,12, Smells anaerobic Windmill access Road 10 Mean 14.2 Juncus has been cut previously ( before Regrown Juncus summer 2014) and some 23,33,30,16,25,20,20,18,18, shows new growth, giving 20 longer stems Mean 22.3 Unleashed dog

Sample site 5 15,10,14,13,9 N.A. Near area where trees Grass at south end of Mean 12.2 were removed autumn the Plain near to 2014 Somerset Ride New season Molinia growth 8,9,9,10,6,6,5,6,7,5 More generally in this Mean 7.1 area

Unleashed dog

24 Sample site 6 Molinia Very patchy mosaic , the West of centre path 80,85,90,95,100 main taller areas are the area with uncut Molinia Mean 90 uncut zone Parts very wet with standing water pools Where very wet 70,75,90,75,70,95,93,95, Marked contrast to short 50,65 cut side to east of path Mean 77.8

Tussock bases 20,15,19 20,15,19,20,16 Mean 18

Sample site 7 Grass to east of path Juncus to east of path 10,13,10,9,10,8,8,10,12,12, Cut area east of centre 20,20,18 (typical max) path Mean 10.2 Mean 19.3 Most though is lying flatter typically c. 5cm 12,13,13,9,10,10,20,15,15

Occasional clumps of Overall Mean 13.3 upstanding Juncus, 16,17,22 Mean of shorter stems 13

Mean 18.5

23/04/15 TQ23188 BNG72144 Typical grass height Typical Juncus (effusus) Luzula now actively Just S of seat on growing western path 12,14,15 36, 46 Mean 41

Betula sapling 44 Mean 13.6

Luzula 15

TQ232793 Typical grass height BNG72242 Heather – grass mosaic 10,7,10,7, area Mean 8.5

Some Molinia tussocks Typically 20-25

25 Appendix A3 Floral Records for The Plain: Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2015 Plant record 23rd April 11th May 10th June 18/19 June22nd July 8th Sept in red 2015 in black 2014 recorders rtus rtus rt us rt us rt check rt checks search post cut Ferns (and mosses) boblitz flowering Dryopteris felix-mas male fern* x x Ophioglossum vulgatum adderstongue x x

Pines and allies

Flowering plants Dicotyledons Achillea millefolium yarrow x x x Anthriscus sylvestris agg. cow parsley x x Arctium minus lesser burdock not recorded in 2015 Betula pendula birch seedling or sapling x x x x Calluna vulgaris ling (heather) x x x x y Centaurea nigra knapweed x x x x Cerastium fontanum common mouse ear x x x y Chaemerion angustifolium* rose bay willow herb x Cirsium arvense creeping thistle x x x Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed x Dactylorhiza praetermissa southern marsh orchid x Dactylorhiza maculata heath spotted orchid not recorded in 2015 Epilobium parviflorum hoary willowherb x x x Epilobium montanum broad leaved willowherb y seed heads Erica tetralix crossed leaved heath x jw record and photo Galega officinalis goats rue x x y Galium aparine common cleavers x x Galium saxatile heath bedstraw x x Gnaphalium uliginosum marsh cudweed x x x Heracleum sphondylium hogweed x x x Hypochaeris radicata common catsear x x x x y Lathyrus nissolia grass vetchling x x Leontodon autumnalis autumn hawbit y Lotus corniculatus birds foot trefoil x x x y Lysimachia vulgaris yellow loosestrife x Medicago lupulina black meddick x Ophrys apifera bee orchid not recorded in 2015 Plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain x x x x

26 Populus sp (tremula) poplar(aspen) seedlings with red beetle x x x Potentilla erecta tormentil x x x x y Potentilla anserina silverweed x Polygonum persicaria redshank one piece only x x x Quercus robur oak saplings x x x Quercus cerris turkey oak seedlings x x Ranunculus acris meadow buttercup x x x x Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous buttercup x Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup x x x x y Rhinanthus minor yellow rattle x x x Rosa canina dog rose x x Rubus fruticosus agg. bramble x x x x fruits in uncut area Rumex acetosa common sorrel x x x x Rumex acetosella agg. sheep's sorrel x x x x Rumex conglomeratus clustered dock x Salix caprea agg. goat willow x x x x Salix repens creeping willow x x x x Senecio jacobea ragwort x x x x y Stellaria graminea lesser stitchwort x Taraxacum officinale dandelion x x x x Tilia cordata small leaved lime sapling x Trifolium campestre hop trefoil x not recorded 2015 Trifolium dubium lesser trefoil x not recorded 2015 Trifolium repens white clover x x x x y Trifolium pratense red clover x x x x y Urtica dioica stinging nettle x x Veronica chamaedris germander speedwell not recorded 2015 Veronica persica common field speedwell not recorded 2015 Vicia cracca tufted vetch x x Vicia sativa agg. common vetch x x x x Vicia tetrasperma smooth tare x

Monocotyledons Agrostis capillaris (tenuis) common bent x x Agrostis stolonifera creeping bent x Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail not recorded in 2015 Anthoxantum odoratum sweet vernal grass x x x Arrhenatherum elatius false oat grass x Carex elata tufted sedge x Carex hirta hairy sedge x x x Carex nigra common sedge x x x x Carex ovalis oval sedge x Carex sp. possibly brown sedge x x Dactylis glomerata cocksfoot x x

27 Deschampsia flexuosa wavy hair grass x Festuca arundinacea tall fescue one isolated tuft onx x x x Festuca ovina agg. sheeps fescue x Festuca rubra red fescue x x Holcus lanatus Yorkshire fog all over hairy x x Holcus mollis creeping soft grass rhizomes and 'hairy knee's x Juncus bufonius toad rush verified by archive specimen x adjacent heath only Juncus conglomeratus compact rush x x Juncus effusus soft rush x x x x Juncus tenuis slender rush diferent to J. squarrosus x adjacent heath only Juncus squarrosus heath rush x x x x Lolium perenne rye grass x x Luzula campestris field woodrush x x x x Luzula multiflora heath wood rush x x x Molinia caerulea purple moor grass x x x x Nardus stricta matt grass x x x Poa annua annual meadow grass recreation zone mainly x Poa trvialis rough meadow grass x

3 unidentifed grasses 24/4/15

only one early grass flowering possibly Poa annua grasses clearly mainly a mix of Molinia , Holcus and assorted finer grasses . Decision taken to confirm other grass IDS as flowering occurs. Note sward in general very short 10-15 cm; weather dry and cool Note Epilobium = Chamerion and this is shorter thAN SEEN LATER BY Blugate and therby likely to be E montanum

11/05/2015 yellow rattle basal leaves only starting to show rabbit grazing very evident ; rabbits seen Ophioglossum emerging Hogweed more abundant than previous year Ranunculus bulbosus still only seen in recreation area and on immediate northern fringe of conservation area

10/06/2015 still unseasonally cold yellow rattle starting to flower Galium saxatile abundant in patches in SE corner of Plain JW and SR report southern march orchids (up to 20 flowering ) on SW corner of uncut square… close to westernmost mown pathway

General comment Veronica spp have been missed early season Need to find all vetches and related spp Need to check all grasses Carex sp. Is alomost ceratinly Carex ovalis … ( double checking in assorted books )

28 The new fern is certainly Dryopteris …. But which spp is less certain .

Now have checked Epilobiums and Chamerion against Francis Rose… need to re-check species on the Plain after the skylarks have fledged

22/07/2015 Walked The Plain with PH to discus proposed cut. Agreed to leave approx 2ha uncut as refuge for the skylarks scurrently present and other ground nesting song-birds Chaemerion sparsely evident in southern part of Plain, elsewhere Epilobium spp.

29 APPENDIX A4 THE PLAIN SPRING-SUMMER 2015 - JOHN WEIR’S REPORTS 2015

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 1ST MARCH, 4 PM

Birds Carrion crows – around 300. Meadow pipit – 1 (in uncut square). Parakeets – 6 (feeding on emerging catkins in the large willow tree on the edge of the Triangle next to the Plain).

Dogs One unleashed being led along the Causeway. One, unleashed small terrier, running around the Recreation Area looking for its owner but without success!

Walkers etc. The Causeway was particularly busy with a continuing flow of walkers.

Biology/Environment The recent rain has increased the surface-water areas on the Plain which has been an obvious discouragement to walkers who have as a result avoided crossing it. This has also had the effect of generally raising the groundwater table forcing earth worms to the surface of which there is plenty of evidence at the moment – hence the greater than usual gathering of crows at this time of day. No sign of frogs yet but we can almost certainly expect to find some frogspawn deposits in the surface water shortly. Despite the exceptionally mild conditions over the past two months there is little or no evidence of any herbage regrowth yet.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 7TH MARCH, 11 AM

Birds Carrion crows – 15-20.

Dogs One, leashed, being led along the central Meadow pathway. One, unleashed, being led to-heel across the SE corner of the Meadow. Two, with a single owner and unleashed, being encouraged to run around the central area of the Meadow including the Uncut Square.

Three, leashed, being led across the Recreation Area. One, unleashed, running around the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc. Fifteen, including the dog walkers, in the Recreation Area.

30 Biology/Environment A single deposit of frog spawn, not more than two days old, in the middle flooded area of the central Meadow pathway.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 20 MARCH, 5.30 PM

Birds Carrion crows - 55 approx. Wood pigeons – 2 Parakeets - 14 (feeding on the now fully developed catkins on the Triangle willow tree overlooking the Plain).

Dogs Two unleashed being led along the Recreation Area/Meadow boundary and running on to the Meadow at times. Two unleashed on the Triangle Boundary path occasionally running onto the edge of the Meadow. One leashed being led along the Northern pathway on the Meadow.

Walkers Eight on the Recreation Area (two with the dogs). One walking the dog along the Northern pathway on the Meadow.

Biology/Environment Mainly because of the generally dry weather so far this month the flooded areas of the Plain are drying up. The clump of frog spawn I found in the flooded section of the central pathway across the Meadow on the 8th of this month has now been moved to Hookhamslade. As a result of the cooler weather so far this month there is as yet little sign of herbage regrowth on the Plain.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 28 MARCH, 5 PM

Birds Carrion crows – 38 Wood pigeons –1

Dogs Two unleashed on the Recreation Area but being prevented from crossing on to the Meadow.

One on the lead being led along the central pathway across the Meadow.

Walkers Five (one with the dogs) crossing the Recreation Area.Two taking the dog across the Meadow and one crossing its SE corner.

Biology/ Environment Although there is still some surface water remaining on the Meadow most of it has disappeared leaving a number of boggy areas. There are more signs of herbage regrowth on the Plain but the degree of response now visibly differs as a result of the specific management of the three areas which has led to the differing predominance of species (particularly the grasses) between the areas. The Recreation Area (mown at least twice per annum) – early regrowth now clearly apparent even in the areas temporally covered by flood water. The Meadow (one mowing late summer) – some regrowth in the drier parts. The Uncut Square – very difficult to find anything yet.

PLAIN/REPORT 3 APRIL, 4.30 PM Brief visit in passing.

Birds None so far as I could see.

Dogs Two unleashed being led along the central pathway across the Meadow being encouraged to run around – particularly in the Uncut Square. Two unleashed being led across the Recreation Area along-side the Meadow but being deliberately kept out of it.

Walkers Two with the dogs on the Meadow. One with the dogs on the Recreation Area.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 7 APRIL, 10.30 AM

Birds Carrion crows – 18

Dogs Three unleashed in the Recreation Area: one retrieving a ball being thrown around and two being led at heel across the area. Two leashed: one being led along the Meadow’s central pathway and one being led across the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc. A total of eight on the Recreation Area: four walking the dogs. One leading the dog on the Meadow. NB There was a continuing stream of dogs in groups of up to three, mainly unleashed, being led along the Triangle Causeway. The unleashed dogs were generally keeping to the pathway.

Biology/Environment

32 So far there is sparse evidence of a springtime botanical recovery on the Meadow and even less on the Uncut Square. In contrast, as a result of the photoperiodic/photosynthetic effect of the Parkside street lighting, the Commons roadside verges are looking particularly verdant. The most obvious components of this are Cow Parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), some well in flower, and Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) , some with almost fully developed panicles.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 13TH APRIL, 5PM Brief visit.

Birds Carrion crows – 16 Wood pigeons – 2.

Dogs None.

Walkers etc. Two flying a large kite on the Recreation Area.

Biology/Environment Since my last report (7th April) the milder weather has given things a kick-start on the Meadow. One highly significant feature has been the appearance of many small Field Wood-rush (Luzula campestris) colonies – now in flower - throughout the drier grassy areas of the Meadow.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 21STAPRIL, 5PM

Birds Carrion crows – 31

Dogs One leashed being led along the Northern pathway on the Meadow. Two leashed being led along the Northern boundary of the Meadow. One leashed being led along the boundary between the Recreation Area and Meadow.

Walkers etc. Three walking the dogs. One walking across the Meadow/Recreation Area border. Four sunbathing in the Recreation Area. One sunbathing in the Meadow close to the Heather Patch

Biology/Environment The remaining surface water has finally dried up and we are at last seeing some strong signs of Spring on the Plain. This is particularly evident in the SE corner with two large, adjacent colonies; one of Goat’s Rue (Galega officinalis) and the other of thistles, most probably Spear Thistles (Cirsium vulgare). The grasses are now producing new leaf blades but, unlike those subject to the street lighting, have yet to

33 produce flowering spikes. The one very apparent sward feature is the extensive Wood-rush (Luzula campestris) population, now fully in flower, throughout the Plain. It was good to come across a small clump of Creeping Willow (Salix repens) in the Uncut Square, fully in leaf and covered with its rotund catkins – some competition for the droves of birch saplings! The margins of the plain (ditch banks) are also holding particular interest at the moment with large colonies of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) and clumps of Cowslips (Primula veris) in flower. Along- side the Causeway in the Triangle is a colony of Cuckoo Flowers (Cardamine pratensis) currently in flower.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 28TH APRIL, 6.30 PM (Brief visit)

Birds Carrion crows – 11 Starlings – 1

Dogs One unleashed on the central part of the Meadow being encouraged to retrieve a stick thrown around. One unleashed running around while following its owner across the southern part of the Meadow. One leashed being led across the northern edges of the Recreation Area and Meadow.

Walkers etc Five walking the dogs. One runner crossing the Recreation Area along-side the Meadow.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 5TH MAY, 6PM early summer Bank holiday

Birds Carrion crows – 39 Starlings – 4

Dogs Nil

Walkers etc Nil

Biology/Environment The Plain is now taking on a much more spring-like character. The grasses in particular are putting on ample fresh leaf growth and the first panicles of Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) are now appearing. Spikes of Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), some close to flowering, are particularly evident in the Uncut Square. Occasional Meadow Buttercups (Ranunculus acris) and Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) are showing flowers. Early growth is now strongly evident with the Plantains and Bedstraws. To my surprise some emerging Adderstongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum) shoots are appearing in their last year’s location in the Meadow.

34 PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 12TH MAY, 5.30 PM

Birds Carrion crows – 5 Swallows – 1 Kestrels – 1

Dogs Three unleashed on the Meadow. One leashed being led along the Northern boundaries of the Recreation Area and Meadow.

Walkers etc. Four with the dogs on the Meadow. Four walking along the central pathway on the Meadow. One walking across the Recreation Area. One sunbathing in the Recreation Area.

Biology/Environment Wood-rush (Luzula campestris) and Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthroxanthum odoratum) are now both well into their flowering phase and it’s interesting to see, particularly with Wood-rush, how they do not form colonies but are distributed, largely individually, throughout the Meadow. I also came across a single plant of Tawny Sedge (Carex hostiana) in one of the damper areas on the Meadow. The first ‘colour’ – yellow – on the Meadow is beginning to appear: Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens), Meadow Buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). Bush Vetch (Vicia sepium), another early starter introducing blue, is also around.

(’m glad you expressed some doubt about my identification of bush vetch, so had another look – this time with my magnifying glass! The spot on the stipules, which I had missed, was definitely present and therefore it was common vetch I happened to looking at. Fortunately the adders tongue colony on the Meadow is easy to find. There is a very obvious tussock of tall fescue about 20 m in from the Recreation A./Meadow border located about 30 m across from the RH side of the central Meadow pathway. The colony is located in a slight dip about 2 m to the NW of the tussock).

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 5TH JUNE, 11.30 AM

Birds Skylarks – 1 (heard, with the help of Dave (Wills), but not seen). Swallows – 1

Dogs One unleashed, its owner lying sunbathing on the Recreation/Meadow boundary. Two unleashed being led across the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc

35 One sunbathing. Two with the two dogs walking with the two dogs in the Recreation Area. Two crossing the Recreation Area. Dave (Wills) on the Meadow.

Biology/Environment The fescues - Red Fescue (Festuca rubra), Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis), Sheep’s Fescue (Festuca ovina) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacia) – are by far the most obvious grasses in flower, particularly in the Meadow. Also at the moment. Yorkshsire Fog (Holcus lanatus), Rough Meadow-grass (Poa trivialis) and Smooth Meadow-grass (Poa pratensis) are showing panicles but much more thinly distributed.

We are beginning to see the first flowers on the Yellow-rattle (Rhinanthus minor). The incidence on the Meadow of this semi-parasitic annual has substantially increased over the past few years and certainly promises to be by far its most extensive this year. There are plenty of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus coniculatus) colonies in flower and a particularly conspicuous patch of Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa) roughly in the centre of the Uncut Square. I was also fortunate in coming across two Grass Vetchlings (Lathyrus nissolia) growing close to the Adderstongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum) colony, which has been inundated by the yellow-rattle invasion. There was a pair of Common Blue (Polyommatus icarus) male butterflies in the Uncut Square.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 2ND JULY, 10.30 AM

Birds Carrion crows – 3 Magpies - 2 Skylarks – 1 fledgling (possibly 2) Starlings – 1 Woodpigeons – 4

Dogs Seven unleashed in the Recreation Area. Two of which were also being encouraged to run around in the Meadow, the others remained within the Recreation area. One leashed being led across the Recreation Area and along the Meadow’s northern pathway. Two unleashed being taken along the Causeway and running freely across into the Meadow as far as the Uncut Square.

Walkers etc. A total of fifteen participants in two PE groups on the Recreation Area.. A total of twelve with the dogs. Two walkers on the central Meadow pathway.

Biology/Environment

36 Now that the early flowering grasses have largely gone to seed and we have had dry conditions over the last three weeks, the Meadow in particular has taken on a mature vegetative character. The mid-season grasses – Rough (Poa trivialis) and Smooth (Poa pratensis) Meadow-grasses, Wavy Hair-grass (Deshampsia flexuosa) are looking at their best. There are plenty of large areas of very vigorous looking tufts of Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), yet to flower, in the Meadow and Uncut Square. Also around in the dryer parts of the Meadow are small colonies of Mat Grass (Nardus stricta) now in flower. The dominant yellow-rattle yellows have almost disappeared. Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) and Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) are also still giving some colour but Catsear (Hypochaeris radicata) colonies are now taking over the this role.

Are we all agreed that the orchid colony in the Uncut Square consists of Southern Marsh orchids (Dactylorhiza praetermissa) and not Early Purple orchids (Orchis mascula)? Confirmed D. praetermissa (US, SR).

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 17TH JULY, 10.30 AM

Birds Carrion crows – 3 Kestrels – 1 Swallows –2 Wood pigeons – 1

Dogs Four leashed in the Recreation Area. Two unleashed in the Recreation Area. One unleashed being led along the Meadow’s central pathway. Two unleashed being led along the Causeway and encouraged to run around on the Meadow.

Walkers Total of nine walking the dogs. One walker crossing the Meadow on the central pathway.

Biology/Environment The mid-season grasses are now in flower with the bents being very much in evidence throughout the Plain. Perhaps the most numerous are Common Bent (Agrostis capillaris) and Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii) while there is no shortage of Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera). The large colonies of Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) are all looking good but as yet there are no signs of flowering panicles. The annual mowing of the Meadow has certainly had a beneficial effect on the Heather or Ling (Calluna vulgaris) – equivalent to the heather burning in the Scottish Highlands for ‘rejuvenating’ the heather crop on the grouse moors where it is a staple food source for red grouse and ptarmigan. This heather regrowth, although covered in flower buds, is not yet in flower and it was this that helped me to spot a couple of small Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix) clumps in full flower; located in a damp area about 30 m north of the westerly ‘wet spot’ on the central pathway across the Meadow.

37 Tall clumps of Common Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) with their yellow flowers now stand out strongly against the background of maturing grass – I’ve yet to find any Cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) caterpillars feeding on them!

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 25TH JULY, 10.30 AM

Birds Swallows – 1

Dogs Two unleashed being kept to the pathway along the western Meadow pathway. One leashed being led along the northern Meadow pathway. Three unleashed being led along the Recreation Area/Meadow border. One unleashed being taken across the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc. Two cyclists walking with their bicycles and two small children. Two persons seated in the Recreation Area. A total of six walkers with the dogs.

Biology/Environment Insect activity, both on the Meadow and Uncut Square has been at its height over the past few weeks. Numerous leaf-hopper species are around in large numbers but the population of the small diurnally- active moths is beginning to reduce. From my experience so far this summer the butterfly population on the Plain has been limited to the following species: meadow brown (Maniola jutina), brown argus (Aricia agestis), ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus), small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus), adonis blue (Polyommatus bellargus) and large white (Pieris brassicae).

The hot, dry spell over the past month has been threatening drought conditions for the Plain but the prolonged spell of rain on the 24th with more forecast to follow looks as though it will be spared of that problem. This should ensure a better herbage regrowth following mowing.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 3RD AUGUST, 10 AM

Birds Carrion crows – 5 Woodpigeons – 2 Magpies – 1

Dogs One leashed being led along the northern meadow pathway. One unleashed, following its owner and keeping to the pathway, being led along the northern meadow pathway. One leashed being led across the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc. Three walkers with the dogs. Three walkers in the Recreation Area and one on the northern meadow pathway.

Biology/Environment Ling (Calluna vulgaris) particularly on the Heather Patch and also in the damper areas of the Meadow is now providing extensive colour across the Plain – there are even a few small patches in the Recreation Area. Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) is the one flowering species, still in flower, which has been giving the Meadow colour since early May. The first flowering panicles of the Meadow’s extensive Purple Moor- grass (Molinia caerulea) population are now beginning to appear.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 7TH AUGUST, 6PM

Birds Carrion crows – 18 Magpies – 7 Kestrels – 1 (the crows were giving it a rough time).

Dogs Two, one unleashed and the other leashed, with the same owner, sunbathing, in the Recreation Area. Three leashed being led across the edge of the newly mown Meadow along-side the Heather Patch. One being encouraged to retrieve a ball thrown around by its owner in the Meadow.

Walkers ets. A total of four, including the one with the two dogs, sunbathing in the Recreation Area. One running across the Recreation Area. One leading the three leashed dogs in the Meadow. One with the dog retrieving the ball in the Meadow. Two crossing the Meadow along its central pathway.

Biology/Environment The general disturbance of the sward resulting from the mowing has moved all the leaf-hoppers into the Uncut Square but the resulting debris is also proving attractive to the birds.

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 13TH AUGUST, 6 PM

Birds Carrion crows –18 Jackdaws – 8 Magpies –2 Woodpigeons – 4 Stock doves – 4 Herring gulls – 2

Dogs Two groups, each of two dogs, and all unleashed but keeping to heel, being led along the northern Meadow pathway.

Walkers etc. Two with the dogs. Two walking across the SE quarter of the Meadow.

Biology/Environment The morning’s rainfall, with more forecast, will give the recently mown Meadow areas a welcome opportunity for early strong regrowth to ensure an adequate sward recovery for the coming winter. The colonies of uncut Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) in the Uncut Square are now taking on their characteristic hue as they come into flower. There is a small clump of white-flowered Ling (Calluna vulgaris) in the SW corner of the Uncut Square – garden escape?

Photos of E. tetralix sent around this date

PLAIN/MEADOW REPORT 26TH AUGUST 6 PM

Birds Carrion crows - 8 Woodpigeons – 2 Magpies – 1 Whinchat – 1

Dogs One unleashed being led but running around freely across the Recreation Area.

Walkers etc. One with the dog. One walking across the Meadow along side the Heather Patch.

Biology/Environment Helped by a combination of the recent copious rainfalls and mild conditions, the mown areas are already showing strong signs of regrowth. There are still a few dots of colour around – small colonies of Common Catsear (Hypochaeris radicata) and even an occasional Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) still in flower.

40 Appendix A 5a Birds on The Plain March to September 2015

Date Time Observer Birds recorded during 52 visits to the Plain from 3rd March to 25th Sept. 2015 Relevant Disturbance 3rd March am David Wills 45 Crow, 2 Meadow Pipit, 2 Woodpigeon 6th March am DW 21 Crow, 3 Stonechat, 1 Woodpigeon, 1 Kestrel, 1 Common Snipe Walker with 2 untethered dogs traversing the Plain, pointed out the signage to her 7th March am DW 30 Crow, 4 Meadow Pipit, 1 Common Snipe 10th March am DW 12 Crow, 2 Jackdaw, 2 Stock Dove, 2 Meadow Pipit. Two dog walker, on pathway but dogs not tethered 16th March am DW 18 Crow, 1 Common Snipe, 1 Stock Dove, 1 Magpie 17th March am DW 10 Crow, 4 Common Snipe, 1 Woodpigeon 18th March am DW 25 Crow, 2 Magpie, 1 Common Snipe, 1 Kestrel. 1 Skylark Very little disturbance of late - let's hope it continues 20th March am DW 10 Crow, 2 Common Snipe, 1 Magpie, 1 Skylark, 1 Meadow Pipit 23rd March am DW 9 Crow, 2 Common Snipe, 2 Woodpigeon, 1 Magpie Three walkers together, with three untethered dogs in restricted zone 2nd April am DW 3 Meadow Pipit, 2 Crow, 2 Woodpigeon, 2 Magpie, 1 Reed Bunting 4th April am DW 5 Crow, 4 Starling, 3 Meadow Pipit, 2 Woodpigeon, 1 Reed Bunting Couple with two untethered dogs walking straight through uncut section! 6th April am DW 3 Crow, 2 Woodpigeon, 2 Magpie, 1 Kestrel, 1 Green Woodpecker, 1 Northern Wheatear 8th April am DW 8 Crow, 5 Starling, 4 Jackdaw, 3 Woodpigeon, 1 Green Woodpecker 10th April am DW 9 crow, 8 Jackdaw, 4 Starling, 2 Northern Wheatear, 2 Woodpigeon 13th April pm DW 9 Jackdaw, 8 Crow, 2 Starling, 2 Northern Wheatear 14th April pm DW 9 Jackdaw, 8 Crow, 3 Northern Wheatear, 1 Linnet, 1 Swallow, 1 Kestrel One man and his dog, untethered, of the pathway within the the restricted area. 20th April pm DW 8 Jackdaw, 3 Woodpigeon, 3 Magpie, 1 Crow, 1 Kestrel, 1 Meadow Pipit. 24th April am DW 25 Starling, 7 Jackdaw, 5 Crow, 2 Woodpigeon 26th April am DW 17 Starling, 9 Crow, 3 Jackdaw, 2 Northern Wheatear 3rd May am DW 9 Jackdaw, 7 Starling, 2 Woodpigeon, 1 Kestrel, 1 Magpie. 24th May pm DW 4 Jackdaw, 1 Kestrel 27th May am DW 4 Jackdaw, 2 Swallow, 1 Kestrel, 1 Skylark Intercepted 2 owners with single dogs off the lead, but on the pathways...... all very amicable 28th May am DW 14 Swift, 5 Jackdaw, 1 Woodpigeon, 1 Kestrel, 1 Skylalk 29th May am DW 6 Swifts, 6 Woodpigeon, 2 Jackdaw, 2 Swallos 30th May am DW 20 Swifts, 2 Swallow, 2 Jackdaw, 1 Crow, 1 Skylark 1st June am DW 8 Swifts, 2 Crow, 2 Swallow, 1 Skylark 5th June am DW 2 Crow, 1 Kestrel, 1 Skylark 8th June am DW 6 Crow, 2 Swallow, 2 Swifts, 1 Kestrel, 1 Skylark 15th June am DW 4 Woodpigeon, 2 Swallow, 1 Skylark, 1 Crow Stopped a cyclist peddling half way across the uncut section!!!! 16th june am DW 8 Swifts, 4 Jackdaw, 2 Swallow, 1 Skylark Stopped a different cyclist .....as above...... crazy!! 21st June am DW 2 Swifts, 2 Skylarks, 2 Swallow, 1 Reed Bunting, 1 Kestrel 25th June am DW 9 Swifts, 4 Crow, 2 Reed Bunting, 2 Swallow, 1 Skylark, 1 Kestrel 29th June am DW 26 Swift, 4 Crow, 2 Swallow, 1 Reed Bunting, 1 Skylark, 1 Magpie amiably cautioned one owner with two dogs off lead...... cue a loss of hearing on his part! 2nd July am DW 8 Swift, 4 Crow, 2 Swallow, 1 Reed Bunting, 1 Skylark, 1 Sparrowhawk 9th July pm DW 4 Swifts, 2 Crow, 2 Skylark, 2 Reed Bunting. 1 Kestrel 15th July am DW 2 Crow, 1 Kestrel, 1 Skylark 21st July pm DW 2 Kestrel, 1 Skylark 2nd Aug. am DW 7 Swallow, 6 Crow, 5 Magpie, 2 Kestrel 5th Aug. am DW 4 Kestrel, 3 Crow, 3 Swallow 15th Aug. am DW 21 Crow, 6 Jackdaw, 3 Stock Dove, 2 Magpie, 1 Kestrel, 1 Great Spotted Woodpecker 17th Aug. am DW 18 Crow, 12 Stock Dove, 7 Jackdaw, 2 Kestrel 23rd Aug. am DW 22 Jackdaw, 4 Crow, 1 Woodpigeon 25th Aug. am DW 8 Crow, 8 Jackdaw, 5 Stock Dove, 2 Whinchat, 1 Wheatear 27th Aug. am DW 8 Jackdaw,7 Crow, 2 Woodpigeon, 2 Whinchat 3rd Sept. am DW 17 Jackdaw, 4 Woodpigeon, 3 Whinchat, 3 Crow 7th Sept. am DW 10 Jackdaw, 10 Crow, 2 Magpie, 2 Meadow Pipit 15th Sept am DW 9 Crow, 9 Jackdaw, 8 Meadow Pipit 17th Sept. am DW 26 Swallow, 10 House Martin, 6 Sand Martin, 6 Crow, 6 Jackdaw, 5 Woodpigeon, 1 Whinchat, 1 Stonechat 18th Sept am DW 14 Swallow, 7 House Martin, 7 Jackdaw, 6 Crow, 1 Meadow Pipit 19th Sept. am DW 7 Jackdaw, 5 Crow, 3 Woodpigeon, 1 Stonechat, 1 Meadow Pipit 23rd Sept am DW 7 Meadow Pipit, 4 Jackdaw, 4 Crow, 1 Magpie, 1 Kestrel 25th Sept am DW 6 Meadow Pipit, 5 Crow, 5 Jackdaw, 1 Stonechat

52 visits...... 22 species...... Birds 1,095 Disturbance generally much improved during 2015

41 Appendix 5b Birds on The Plain - Frequency of Species Observatios 3rd March - 25th September 2015 (DW)

CommonEngish Name Scientific Name Observation frequency Carrion Crow Corvus corone corone 386 Jackdaw Corvus monedula 196 Common Swift Apus apus 107 Swallow Hirundu rustica 73 Starling Sturnus vulgaris 69 Woodpigeon Columba palumbus 48 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis 45 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 27 Magpie Pica pica 23 Stock Dove Columba oenus 23 House Martin Delichon urbicum 20 Skylark Alauda arvensis 19 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 12 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 11 Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 9 European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 8 Whinchat Saxicola rubetra 8 Sand Martin Riparia riparia 6 Green Woodpecker Picus viridis 2 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major 1 Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 1 Linnet Carduelis cannabina 1

42 Appendix A6ai Butterflies on The Plain 7th April - 25th August 2015 (Recorder Dave Wills)

Date Species seen and observation frequency 7th April pm 2 Peacock, 1 Brimstone 12th April pm 1 Painted Lady, 1 Brimstone 17th April am 2 Small Tortoiseshell 11th May am 2 Peacock, 1 Brimstone 27th May pm 1 Common Blue, 1 Green-veined White 5th June am 2 Common Blue, 1 Painted Lady 8th June am 2 Common Blue, 1 Painted Lady, 1 Small Tortoiseshell 15th June pm 2 Gatekeeper, 1 Painted Lady, 1 Small Copper 20th June am 7 Meadow Brown, 2 Red Admiral, 1 Painted Lady 26th June pm 18 meadow Brown, 2 Gatekeeper 29th June am 9 Meadow Brown, 1 Red Admiral 2nd July am 8 Meadow Brown, 1 Comma, 1 Red Admiral, 1 Large White 21st July am 7 Meadow Brown, 2 Gatekeeper, 1 Large White 2nd Aug. am 11 Meadow Brown, 2 Large White, 2 Gatekeeper 23rd Aug. am 1 Painted Lady, 2 Meadow Brown 25th Aug. am 1 Gatekeeper, 1 Common Blue

16 visits...... 12 species……… Total number or each seen for each species recorded Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina 62 Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus 9 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus 6 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui 6 Peacock Inachis io 4 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 4 Large White Pieris brassicae 4 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhammi 3 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae 3 Green-veined White Pieri napi 1 Comma Polygonia c-album 1 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas 1

43 Appendix A6aii Butterfly Long-term Transect now partly Extended to The Plain (SR) 2015

Week -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Total Date 04/03/2015 11/03/2015 18/03/2015 25/03/2015 01/04/2015 08/04/2015 15/04/2015 22/04/2015 29/04/2015 06/05/2015 13/05/2015 20/05/2015 27/05/2015 03/06/2015 10/06/2015 17/06/2015 24/06/2015 01/07/2015 08/07/2015 15/07/2015 22/07/2015 29/07/2015 05/08/2015 12/08/2015 19/08/2015 26/08/2015 02/09/2015 09/09/2015 16/09/2015 23/09/2015 30/09/2015 07/10/2015 14/10/2015 21/10/2015 Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Small/Essex Skipper Small/Essex Skipper 0 0 9 12 1 1 0 0 0 23 Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus 0 1 6 6 1 1 0 0 0 15 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Large White Pieris brassicae 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Small White Pieris rapae 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Green-veined White Pieris napi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Purple Hairstreak Neozephrus (Quercusia) quercus 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus 6 5 0 1 2 5 0 0 0 19 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus 0 1 0 1 3 5 1 0 0 11 White Admiral Limenitis camilla 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Painted Lady Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Peacock Inachis io 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 4 Comma Polygonia c-album 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 3 4 14 Gatekeeper/Hedge Brown Pyronia tithonus 0 0 0 13 41 36 6 0 0 96 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina 0 0 80 55 20 24 3 0 2 184 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus 3 2 5 0 1 0 0 1 1 13 Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 Total (Summary) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 0 105 0 106 0 0 72 74 0 15 0 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 407

44 Appendix 6aii - New Woodland Butterfly Transect

Week -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Total Date 04/03/2015 11/03/2015 18/03/2015 25/03/2015 01/04/2015 08/04/2015 15/04/2015 22/04/2015 29/04/2015 06/05/2015 13/05/2015 20/05/2015 27/05/2015 03/06/2015 10/06/2015 17/06/2015 24/06/2015 01/07/2015 08/07/2015 15/07/2015 22/07/2015 29/07/2015 05/08/2015 12/08/2015 19/08/2015 26/08/2015 02/09/2015 09/09/2015 16/09/2015 23/09/2015 30/09/2015 07/10/2015 14/10/2015 21/10/2015 Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Essex Skipper Thymelicus lineola 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Small/Essex Skipper Small/Essex Skipper 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni 4 4 2 5 14 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 34 Large White Pieris brassicae 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 Small White Pieris rapae 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 Green-veined White Pieris napi 0 3 3 3 0 3 0 0 6 0 2 0 20 Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines 2 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Purple Hairstreak Neozephrus (Quercusia) quercus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus 0 1 0 3 6 1 0 0 1 3 8 0 23 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 Painted Lady Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 Peacock Inachis io 7 6 3 10 7 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 40 Comma Polygonia c-album 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 1 1 2 13 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 7 Gatekeeper/Hedge Brown Pyronia tithonus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 18 12 0 34 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 8 9 0 39 Total (Summary) 0 0 0 0 0 14 20 9 32 38 0 12 0 4 6 0 0 0 46 0 0 35 34 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 255

45 Appendix A6bi Damselflies and Dragonflies from Three Locations on Wimbledon Common 2015 (SR)

Recorder Determiner Locality Grid Ref. VC No. Date Record Type Species Name Ad Co Ov La Ex Em Comment area LNHS Sent to LNHS Surrey VC17 Sent to BDS Wimbledon Common Ros Taylor to Sent

SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 26/05/15-11/06/2015 field Azure Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 26/05/15 field Hairy Dragonfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 26/05/15-11/06/15 field Four-spotted Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 26/05/2015 field Broad-bodied Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 26/05/15 field Large Red Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 11/06/2015 field Emerald Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 26/05/15 field Large Red Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 26/05/15 field Azure Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 26/05/15 field Hairy Dragonfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 26/05/15-11/06/15 field Broad-bodied Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 26/05/15-11/06/15 field Four-spotted Chaser 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 11/06/2015 field Hairy Dragonfly 3 Y Y Y Y y Y SR SR WC, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 11/06/2015 field Emperor Dragonfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 28/4/15-21/05/15 field Broad-bodied Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y Y SR SR WC, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 11/06/2015 field Large Red Damselfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y

Key WC Wmbledon Common SR Recorder / Verifier Simon Riley

46 Appendix 6bii Dragonflies and Damselflies - Wimbledon Common 2015

Recorder Determiner Locality Grid Ref. VC No. Date Record Type Species Name Ad Co Ov La Ex Em Comment LNHS area Sent LNHS to Surrey VC17 Sent BDS to Sutton Sent Daveto Warburton Common Wimbledon Sent Lesto Hill Morden Hall Park Wandle Valley

BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 21/06/15-12/08/15 field record Azure Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 21/06/15 field record Common Blue Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 21/06/15-12/08/15 field record Emperor Dragonfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 21/06/15 field record Four-spotted Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 21/06/15 field record Large Red Damselfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 21/06/15-12/08/15 field record Azure Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 21/06/15-10/09/15 field record Blue-tailed Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 21/06/15 field record Broad-bodied Chaser B Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 21/06/15 field record Common Blue Damselfly B Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 21/06/15 field record Four-spotted Chaser B Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Ravine Pond TQ228721 17 21/06/15 field record Azure Damselfly + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Ravine Pond TQ228721 17 21/06/15 field record Broad-bodied Chaser + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Scio Pond TQ228734 17 21/06/15 field record Azure Damselfly 2 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 10/07/15 field record Broad-bodied Chaser 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 10/07/15 field record Common Darter 1 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 10/07/15 field record Emperor Dragonfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Farm Bog TQ223712 17 10/07/15 field record Large Red Damselfly 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 10/07/15 field record Black-tailed Skimmer B 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 10/07/15-11/09/15 field record Brown Hawker 5 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 10/07/15-10/09/15 field record Emperor Dragonfly 5 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 10/07/15 field record Large Red Damselfly 5 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 12/08/15 field record Brown Hawker + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 12/08/15 field record Common Darter + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Bluegate Pond TQ234717 17 12/08/15 field record Emerald Damselfly 2 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 12/08/15 field record Common Darter + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Ravine Pond TQ228721 17 19/08/15 field record Brown Hawker + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Ravine Pond TQ228721 17 19/08/15-10/09/15 field record Common Darter + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Hookhamslade Pond TQ233718 17 10/09/15 photographed Ruddy Darter 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Ravine Pond TQ228721 17 10/09/15 field record Southern Hawker 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 11/09/15 field record Common Darter + Y Y Y Y Y BB BB Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 11/09/15 field record Migrant Hawker 1 Y Y Y Y Y BB AP Wimbledon Common, Queensmere TQ226724 17 11/09/15-12/09/15 photographed Willow Emerald Damselfly 2 Y Y Y Y Y

47 Appendix 6c Beetle Data (DS and LNHM colleagues) BioBlitz time 2015

Order Family Species recorded by identified by Red List status Coleoptera Carabidae Abax parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Amara aenea (DeGeer, 1774) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Bembidion articulatum (Panzer, 1795) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Calathus rotundicollis Dejean, 1828 JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalus rufipes (DeGeer, 1774) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Syntomus foveatus (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) JR MG Coleoptera Carabidae Trechus cf. obtusus Erichson, 1837 JR MG Coleoptera Staphylinidae Tachyporus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1781) JR JR Coleoptera Staphylinidae Tasgius ater (Gravenhorst, 1802) JR JR Coleoptera Staphylinidae Tasgius morsitans (Rossi, 1790) JR JR Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1761) JR JR Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Hoplia philanthus (Füessly, 1775) JR MG Coleoptera Buprestidae Agrilus sulcicolli s Lacordaire, 1835 JR MG Coleoptera Eucnemidae Eucnemis capucina Ahrens, 1812 KM MG Endangered Coleoptera Elateridae Agriotes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1767) KM MG Coleoptera Elateridae Agriotes pallidulus (Illiger, 1807) KM MG Coleoptera Elateridae Ampedus sanguinolentus (Schrank, 1776) JR, KM, MG MG Notable A Coleoptera Elateridae Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1801) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Elateridae Dalopius marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758) KM MG Coleoptera Elateridae Limonius sp. KM MG Coleoptera Elateridae Prosternon tessellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Cantharis cryptica Ashe, 1947 KM, MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Cantharis lateralis Linnaeus, 1758 JR, KM MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Cantharis livida Linnaeus, 1758 JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Cantharis nigra (De Geer, 1774) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Malthinus flaveolus (Herbst, 1786) KM, MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Malthinus seriepunctatus Kiesenwetter, 1852 MG MG Coleoptera Cantharidae Rhagonycha nigriventris (Motschulsky, 1860) KM MG Coleoptera Ptinidae Ochina ptinoides (Marsham, 1802) MG MG Coleoptera Malachiidae Axinotarsus marginalis Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 JR MG Coleoptera Malachiidae Malachius bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) JR, KM MG Coleoptera Kateretidae Brachypterus glaber (Marsham, 1802) KM, MG MG Coleoptera Kateretidae Brachypterus urticae (Fabricius, 1792) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Nitidulidae Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) JR MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) KM MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) KM MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) KM MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 JR, KM MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) JR MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) JR, MG MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Propylea quiattuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) KM, MG MG Coleoptera Coccinellidae Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius, 1787) JR MG Coleoptera Oedemeridae Oedemera nobilis (Scopoli, 1763) KM MG Coleoptera Scraptiidae Anaspis maculata (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) JR, MG MG Coleoptera Cerambycidae Agapanthia villosoviridescens (DeGeer, 1775) JR, MB MG Coleoptera Cerambycidae Pseudovadonia livida (Fabricius, 1777) JR MG Coleoptera Cerambycidae Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761) DS MG Coleoptera Cerambycidae Rhagium mordax (De Geer, 1775) KM MG Coleoptera Cerambycidae Stictoleptura scutellata (Fabricius, 1781) JR MB Notable A Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Altica MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aphthona euphorbiae (Schrank, 1781) KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aphthona nonstriata (Goeze, 1777) JR, KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchidius MG MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Cassida rubiginosa O.F.Müller, 1776 JR MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysolina americana (Linnaeus, 1758) JR JR Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Crepidodera aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Crepidodera fulvicornis (Fabricius, 1792) JR, KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781) KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Lochmaea suturalis (Thomson, 1868) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Luperus longicornis (Fabricius, 1781) JR, KM MG Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Neocrepidodera tranversa (Marhsam, 1802) JR MG

48 Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Phaedon tumidulus (Germar, 1824) KM MG Coleoptera Apionidae Ceratapion carduorum (Kirby, 1808) JR, MG MM Coleoptera Apionidae Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797) MG MM Coleoptera Apionidae Perapion violaceum (Kirby, 1808) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Archarius salicivorus (Paykull, 1792) KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Barypeithes pellucidus (Boheman, 1834) JR, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculio glandium Marsham, 1802 KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Curculio venosus (Gravenhorst, 1807) MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Dorytomus taeniatus (Fabricius, 1781) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Euophryum confine (Broun, 1881) MG MM Coleoptera Curculionidae Magdalis armigera (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal, 1813) JR, MG MM Coleoptera Curculionidae Micrelus ericae (Gyllenhal, 1813) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Nedyus quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Neliocarus sus (Stephens, 1831) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758) MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Orchestes signifer (Creutzer, 1799) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Polydrusus cervinus (Linnaeus, 1758) KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Polydrusus formosus (Mayer, 1779) JR, KM, MG MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich, 1792) JR, MG MB Notable A Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Strophosoma melanogrammum (Forster, 1771) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer, 1801) JR, MG MB Notable A Coleoptera Curculionidae Trichosirocalus troglodytes (Fabricius, 1787) JR, MG MM Coleoptera Curculionidae Tychius picirostris (Fabricius, 1787) JR MG Coleoptera Curculionidae Zacladus geranii (Paykull, 1800) KM MG

Abbreviations for the participating entomologists: DS Duncan Sivell JR Jordan Rainey KM Keita Matsumoto MB Max Barclay MG Michael Geiser MM Mike Morris RB Roger Booth

49 Appendix A6 d_ NHM record Bees and Wasps (Hymenoptera mainly)- June - August 2015 (DN)

Order species det rec Location Grid ReferenceDate Association

Coleoptera Agrilus biguttatus DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 Diptera Tephritis neesi DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Diptera Volucella bombylans DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hemiptera Pentatoma rufipes DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 prey of Astata boops Hymenoptera Andrena dorsata DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Andrena dorsata DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Potentilla erecta Hymenoptera Andrena fuscipes DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Andrena fuscipes DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Andrena fuscipes DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Andrena fuscipes DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Andrena ovatula DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Anthophora bimaculata DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Anthophora bimaculata DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Anthophora furcata DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 prey of Philanthus triangulum Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Apis mellifera DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Astata boops DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 preying on Pentatoma rufipes Hymenoptera Bombus hypnorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus hypnorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Bombus hypnorum DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Arctium Hymenoptera Bombus hypnorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Bombus jonellus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus lapidarius DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus lapidarius DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Bombus lapidarius DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Bombus lapidarius DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus lapidarius DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus lucorum agg. DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus lucorum agg. DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Erica tetralix Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Trifolium repens

50 Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus pascuorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus pratorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Bombus terrestris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Bombus terrestris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Erica tetralix Hymenoptera Bombus terrestris DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Bombus vestalis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Cerceris arenaria DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Cerceris rybyensis DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Cerceris rybyensis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare Hymenoptera Cerceris rybyensis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Colletes fodiens DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Colletes fodiens DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Solidago canadensis Hymenoptera Colletes fodiens DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Colletes similis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare Hymenoptera Colletes succinctus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Colletes succinctus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Colletes succinctus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Colletes succinctus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Crossocerus annulipes DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 log pile Hymenoptera Crossocerus cetratus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 log pile Hymenoptera Dasypoda hirtipes DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Cirsium arvense Hymenoptera Diodontus insidiosus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Ectemnius continuus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Epeolus cruciger DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Epeolus cruciger DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Arctium Hymenoptera Epeolus cruciger DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Epeolus cruciger DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Epeolus variegatus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Halictus rubicundus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Potentilla erecta Hymenoptera Halictus tumulorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla reptans Hymenoptera Halictus tumulorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare Hymenoptera Halictus tumulorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla erecta Hymenoptera Halictus tumulorum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Hedychridium coriaceum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Hedychridium coriaceum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla reptans Hymenoptera Hedychrum nobile DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Hedychrum nobile DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Hedychrum nobile DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare

51 Hymenoptera Heriades truncorum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Heriades truncorum DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Heriades truncorum DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Arctium Hymenoptera Hylaeus brevicornis DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla reptans Hymenoptera Hylaeus communis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Hylaeus dilatatus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Hylaeus hyalinatus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Rubus fruticosus agg. Hymenoptera Hylaeus signatus DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Reseda luteola Hymenoptera Lasioglossum calceatum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Lasioglossum fulvicorne DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Lasioglossum lativentre DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Lasioglossum lativentre DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Trifolium pratense Hymenoptera Lasioglossum malachurum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at yellow flowered Brassicaceae Hymenoptera Lasioglossum malachurum DGN DGN Putney Heath (north) TQ2373 18.vi.2015 at yellow flowered Brassicaceae Hymenoptera Lasioglossum malachurum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare Hymenoptera Lasioglossum malachurum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla erecta Hymenoptera Lasioglossum morio DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Arctium Hymenoptera Lasioglossum morio DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla erecta Hymenoptera Lasioglossum punctatissimumDGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Lasioglossum villosulum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Lasioglossum villosulum DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Lindenius albilabris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Lindenius albilabris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Heracleum sphondylium Hymenoptera Lindenius albilabris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Potentilla reptans Hymenoptera Lindenius albilabris DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare Hymenoptera Lindenius panzeri DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Megachile versicolor DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Megachile willughbiella DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 carrying leaf fragment Hymenoptera Megachile willughbiella DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Lotus corniculatus Hymenoptera Microdynerus exilis DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Achillea millefolium Hymenoptera Mimumesa dahlbomi DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Hymenoptera Nomada fabriciana DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Stellaria sp. Hymenoptera Nomada rufipes DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Nomada rufipes DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Nomada rufipes DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 22.viii.2015 Hymenoptera Osmia caerulescens DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Oxybelus uniglumis DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Panurgus banksianus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vi.2015 at flowers of Hypochaeris sp. Hymenoptera Passaloecus corniger DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Pemphredon lugubris DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Philanthus triangulum DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 preying on Apis mellifera Hymenoptera Pseudomalus auratus DGN DGN Putney Heath (west) TQ2272 18.vii.2015

52 Hymenoptera Sphecodes ephippius DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vi.2015 Hymenoptera Sphecodes gibbus DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Sphecodes monilicornis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, s. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 at flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Sphecodes monilicornis DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Hymenoptera Vespa crabro DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, w. of The Plain TQ2371 22.viii.2015 hunting insects on flowers of Calluna vulgaris Hymenoptera Vespula germanica DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Lepidoptera Favonius quercus DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 Lepidoptera Lycaena phlaeas DGN DGN Wimbledon Common, The Plain TQ2372 18.vii.2015 at flowers of Senecio jacobaea Lepidoptera Tyria jacobaeae DGN DGN Putney Heath TQ2372 18.vii.2015 larvae on Senecio jacobaea

Determiner and Recorder David G Notton Senior Curator Hymenoptera London Natural History Museum

53 Appendix A6e Moths of Wimbledon Common and Putney Heath 2015

Sort ID Location Grid referenceTaxon Vernacular Comment Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 1 PH TQ2171 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 2 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 1 2 3 3 WC TQ224714 Recorder(s): LH;AE;PP. Determiner: LH. 4 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 5 5 5 73.210 Eupsilia transversa Satellite 1 1 6 73.242 Orthosia incerta Clouded Drab 3 3 7 73.244 Orthosia cerasi Common Quaker 5 5 8 73.245 Orthosia cruda Small Quaker 4 4 9 73.249 Orthosia gothica Hebrew Character 3 3 10 WC TQ2271 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 11 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Common Oak Purple 1 1 12 4.025 Stigmella nylandriella Common Rowan Pigmy 1 1 13 6.003 Heliozela sericiella Oak Satin Lift 1 1 14 7.001 Nemophora degeerella Yellow-barred Long-horn 3 3 15 7.006 Adela reaumurella Green Long-horn 1 1 16 15.003 Caloptilia populetorum Clouded Slender 1 1 17 18.001 Plutella xylostella Diamond-back Moth Immigrant 1 1 18 20.011 Argyresthia brockeella Gold-ribbon Argent 1 1 19 28.022 Alabonia geoffrella Common Tubic 1 1 2 20 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 18 18 21 49.059 Tortrix viridana Green Oak Tortrix 2 2 22 49.060 Aleimma loeflingiana Yellow Oak Button 2 2 23 49.087 Acleris literana Lichen Button 1 1 24 49.166 Celypha lacunana Common Marble 5 5 25 49.279 Gypsonoma dealbana Common Cloaked Shoot 1 1 26 49.325 Cydia ulicetana Grey Gorse Piercer 1 1 27 65.008 Thyatira batis Peach Blossom 1 1 28 70.059 Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell 1 1 29 70.106 Operophtera brumata Winter Moth 1 1 30 70.141 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Double-striped Pug 1 1 31 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 2 2 32 70.256 Erannis defoliaria Mottled Umber 1 1 33 72.002 Rivula sericealis Straw Dot 1 1 34 72.083 Euclidia glyphica Burnet Companion 2 2 35 73.062 Amphipyra pyramidea Copper Underwing 1 1 36 73.063 Amphipyra berbera subsp. svenssoni Svensson's Copper Underwing 2 2 37 73.074 Heliothis peltigera Bordered Straw Immigrant (Recorder: DS, Determiner: LH.) 1 1 38 73.107 Mormo maura Old Lady 2 2 39 73.317 Agrotis exclamationis Heart & Dart 2 2 40 73.325 Agrotis puta subsp. puta Shuttle-shaped Dart 1 1 41 PH TQ2272 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 42 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 1 1 43 70.204 Boudinotiana notha Light Orange Underwing Very uncommon - Day flying around aspen. 6 6 44 TC TQ227715 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 45 68.001 Saturnia pavonia Emperor Moth 5 5 46 70.106 Operophtera brumata Winter Moth 1 1 47 72.078 Catocala nupta Red Underwing 1 1 48 TC TQ22797154Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 49 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Common Oak Purple 1 111 112

54 50 3.001 Triodia sylvina Orange Swift 2 1 3 51 3.002 Korscheltellus lupulina Common Swift 13 13 52 5.001 Opostega salaciella Sorrel Bent-wing 1 2 3 53 6.003 Heliozela sericiella Oak Satin Lift 2 2 54 7.001 Nemophora degeerella Yellow-barred Long-horn 2 2 55 7.006 Adela reaumurella Green Long-horn 50 50 56 7.015 Nematopogon swammerdamella Large Long-horn 5 5 57 8.002 Incurvaria masculella Feathered Bright 5 5 58 10.001 Tischeria ekebladella Oak Carl 7 7 59 10.003 Coptotriche marginea Bordered Carl 3 31 6 2 42 60 11.006 Taleporia tubulosa Brown Smoke 1 1 61 11.012 Psyche casta Common Sweep 1 1 2 62 12.010 Morophaga choragella Large Clothes 2 1 3 63 12.012 Triaxomera parasitella Large Brindled Clothes 1 1 64 12.020 Nemapogon variatella Pale Corn Clothes 1 1 65 12.032 Tinea semifulvella Fulvous Clothes 1 2 4 2 9 66 12.033 Tinea trinotella Bird's-nest Moth 1 1 67 12.037 Monopis weaverella Carrion Moth 11 1 12 68 12.038 Monopis obviella Yellow-backed Clothes 1 1 69 13.002 Roeslerstammia erxlebella Copper Ermel 2 1 3 70 15.005 Caloptilia betulicola Red Birch Slender 1 1 71 15.014 Gracillaria syringella Common Slender 1 1 72 15.015 Aspilapteryx tringipennella Ribwort Slender 1 1 73 15.034 Phyllonorycter harrisella White Oak Midget 1 1 74 15.039 Phyllonorycter quercifoliella Common Oak Midget 3 3 75 15.040 Phyllonorycter messaniella Garden Midget 3 3 76 16.001 Yponomeuta evonymella Bird-cherry Ermine 14 14 77 16.014 Pseudoswammerdamia combinella Copper-tipped Ermel 1 1 78 16.015 Swammerdamia caesiella Birch Ermel 1 2 3 79 16.017 Swammerdamia pyrella Little Ermel 1 1 2 80 16.020 Paraswammerdamia nebulella Hawthorn Ermel 2 1 3 81 16.021 Cedestis gysseleniella Gold Pine Ermel 1 1 82 17.003 Ypsolopha dentella Honeysuckle Moth 1 1 2 83 17.005 Ypsolopha scabrella Wainscot Smudge 3 1 4 84 17.009 Ypsolopha sylvella Wood Smudge 3 3 85 17.010 Ypsolopha parenthesella White-shouldered Smudge 3 5 8 86 17.011 Ypsolopha ustella Variable Smudge 1 1 1 1 4 87 17.012 Ypsolopha sequella Pied Smudge 1 1 2 88 18.001 Plutella xylostella Diamond-back Moth Immigrant 2 2 1 4 9 89 18.007 Eidophasia messingiella Bitter-cress Smudge 4 4 90 20.007 Argyresthia cupressella Cypress Tip Moth 1 1 91 20.011 Argyresthia brockeella Gold-ribbon Argent 2 2 92 20.018 Argyresthia spinosella Blackthorn Argent 2 1 3 93 20.019 Argyresthia conjugella Apple Fruit Moth 1 1 94 20.023 Argyresthia albistria Purple Argent 1 1 95 21.001 Lyonetia clerkella Apple Leaf Miner 3 1 2 6 96 22.002 Prays fraxinella Ash Bud Moth 3 1 4 97 25.001 Scythropia crataegella Hawthorn Moth 5 1 6 98 27.001 Oegoconia quadripuncta Four-spotted Obscure 2 2 99 28.009 Endrosis sarcitrella White-shouldered House-moth 4 3 3 1 3 14 100 28.010 Hofmannophila pseudospretella Brown House-moth 8 9 3 1 21 101 28.012 Borkhausenia fuscescens Small Dingy Tubic 3 3

55 102 28.014 Crassa unitella Golden-brown Tubic 8 1 9 103 28.015 Batia lunaris Lesser Tawny Tubic 2 13 15 104 28.019 Esperia sulphurella Sulphur Tubic 11 2 13 105 28.024 Tachystola acroxantha Ruddy Streak 14 13 4 1 3 2 17 3 57 106 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 13 13 26 107 31.001 Carcina quercana Long-horned Flat-body 79 22 12 113 108 32.007 Agonopterix ocellana Red-letter Flat-body 1 1 2 109 32.017 Agonopterix arenella Brindled Flat-body 1 1 2 4 110 32.031 Agonopterix alstromeriana Brown-spot Flat-body 1 1 111 32.039 Depressaria daucella Dingy Flat-body 1 1 112 35.012 Anacampsis blattariella Birch Sober 1 1 113 35.019 Anarsia lineatella Peach Twig Borer 2 2 114 35.020 Anarsia spartiella Small Crest 1 1 115 35.028 Brachmia blandella Gorse Crest 5 5 116 35.031 Helcystogramma rufescens Orange Crest 1 1 117 35.038 Bryotropha domestica House Groundling 1 1 1 1 4 118 35.040 Bryotropha terrella Cinerous Groundling 1 1 119 35.049 Bryotropha similis Obscure Groundling 74 87 161 120 35.056 Metzneria lappella Burdock Neb 3 3 6 121 35.058 Metzneria metzneriella Meadow Neb 3 3 122 35.093 Mirificarma mulinella Gorse Groundling 1 1 123 35.099 Gelechia senticetella Cypress Groundling 1 1 124 35.109 Scrobipalpa acuminatella Pointed Groundling 1 1 125 35.123 Scrobipalpa costella Winter Groundling 2 2 1 1 6 126 35.143 Teleiodes luculella Crescent Groundling 1 71 16 88 127 35.147 Carpatolechia decorella Winter Oak Groundling 1 1 128 35.152 Pseudotelphusa scalella Black-spotted Groundling 1 1 129 35.157 Recurvaria leucatella White-barred Groundling 4 2 6 130 35.160 Stenolechia gemmella Black-dotted Groundling 2 2 131 35.161 Parachronistis albiceps Wood Groundling 1 1 132 37.048 Coleophora mayrella Meadow Case-bearer 2 2 133 37.063 Coleophora albicosta Gorse Case-bearer 1 1 134 38.037 Elachista canapennella Little Dwarf 6 3 9 135 38.045 Elachista utonella Bog Dwarf 1 1 136 39.001 Blastodacna hellerella Hawthorn Cosmet 1 2 3 137 40.008 Mompha subbistrigella Garden Cosmet 1 1 1 1 4 138 40.010 Mompha epilobiella Common Cosmet 1 1 139 40.011 Mompha langiella Clouded Cosmet 2 2 140 41.002 Blastobasis adustella Dingy Dowd 8 115 30 1 154 141 41.003 Blastobasis lacticolella London Dowd 1 1 3 3 3 11 142 44.001 Alucita hexadactyla Twenty-plume Moth or Many-plumed Moth 1 2 1 4 143 45.008 Gillmeria pallidactyla Yarrow Plume 1 1 144 45.010 Amblyptilia acanthadactyla Beautiful Plume 1 1 4 1 2 9 145 45.030 Pterophorus pentadactyla White Plume 3 3 146 45.044 Emmelina monodactyla Common Plume 11 6 11 7 1 36 147 49.004 Ditula angustiorana Red-barred Tortrix 5 27 32 148 49.005 Epagoge grotiana Brown-barred Twist 1 1 149 49.013 Archips podana Large Fruit-tree Tortrix 47 24 4 23 1 99 150 49.014 Archips crataegana Brown Oak Tortrix 5 5 151 49.015 Archips xylosteana Variegated Golden Tortrix 137 28 165 152 49.018 Choristoneura hebenstreitella Great Twist 13 13 153 49.023 Pandemis cinnamomeana White-faced Twist 2 2

56 154 49.024 Pandemis corylana Chequered Fruit-tree Tortrix 15 12 27 155 49.025 Pandemis cerasana Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix 79 16 1 96 156 49.026 Pandemis heparana Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix 47 17 2 66 157 49.028 Syndemis musculana Dark-barred Twist 2 2 158 49.029 Lozotaenia forsterana Large Ivy Twist 1 1 159 49.038 Clepsis consimilana Privet Twist 7 7 14 160 49.039 Epiphyas postvittana Light Brown Apple Moth 1 1 5 10 4 4 25 161 49.044 Tortricodes alternella Winter Shade 1 44 71 3 119 162 49.050 Cnephasia stephensiana Grey Tortrix 1 1 163 49.059 Tortrix viridana Green Oak Tortrix 429 17 446 164 49.060 Aleimma loeflingiana Yellow Oak Button 180 49 229 165 49.062 Acleris forsskaleana Maple Button 8 2 10 166 49.069 Acleris sparsana Ashy Button 4 2 6 167 49.076 Acleris cristana Tufted Button 8 8 1 17 168 49.078 Acleris aspersana Ginger Button 1 1 169 49.080 Acleris hastiana Sallow Button 4 2 1 7 170 49.083 Acleris ferrugana Rusty Oak Button 9 3 12 171 49.086 Acleris logiana Grey Birch Button 1 1 172 49.087 Acleris literana Lichen Button 1 4 5 173 49.090 Eulia ministrana Brassy Twist 2 2 174 49.110 Agapeta zoegana Knapweed Conch 1 1 2 175 49.120 Aethes smeathmanniana Yarrow Conch 1 1 2 176 49.127 Aethes cnicana Thistle Conch 2 2 4 177 49.128 Aethes rubigana Burdock Conch 7 7 178 49.133 Cochylis nana Birch Conch 1 1 179 49.139 Cochylis atricapitana Black-headed Conch 8 3 29 17 5 62 180 49.144 Eudemis profundana Diamond-back Marble 25 7 32 181 49.149 Apotomis turbidana White-shouldered Marble 1 1 182 49.150 Apotomis betuletana Birch Marble 1 7 15 23 183 49.155 Hedya salicella White-backed Marble 1 1 184 49.156 Hedya nubiferana Marbled Orchard Tortrix 28 3 31 185 49.157 Hedya pruniana Plum Tortrix 3 6 9 186 49.161 Celypha striana Barred Marble 5 15 20 187 49.166 Celypha lacunana Common Marble 3 34 12 8 11 68 188 49.215 Ancylis achatana Triangle-marked Roller 1 2 3 189 49.216 Ancylis mitterbacheriana Red Roller 1 1 190 49.223 Rhopobota naevana Holly Tortrix 5 4 9 191 49.224 Spilonota ocellana Bud Moth 5 3 8 192 49.225 Spilonota laricana Larch-bud Moth 1 1 193 49.240 Epinotia immundana Common Birch Bell 3 3 194 49.254 Epinotia bilunana Crescent Bell 2 1 3 195 49.255 Epinotia nisella Grey Poplar Bell 1 1 2 196 49.260 Zeiraphera isertana Cock's-head Bell 31 31 197 49.265 Eucosma cana Hoary Belle 11 23 34 198 49.266 Eucosma hohenwartiana Bright Bell 1 1 199 49.269 Eucosma campoliliana Marbled Bell 1 5 1 7 200 49.279 Gypsonoma dealbana Common Cloaked Shoot 4 46 50 201 49.288 Epiblema foenella White-foot Bell 2 2 202 49.289 Epiblema costipunctana Ragwort Bell 7 1 8 203 49.292 Notocelia cynosbatella Yellow-faced Bell 3 1 4 204 49.294 Notocelia uddmanniana Bramble Shoot Moth 29 45 2 76 205 49.297 Notocelia rosaecolana Common Rose Bell 2 2

57 206 49.306 Rhyacionia pinicolana Orange-spotted Shoot 2 2 207 49.338 Cydia pomonella Codling Moth 2 2 208 49.341 Cydia splendana Marbled Piercer 2 10 1 13 209 49.342 Cydia fagiglandana Large Beech Piercer 15 6 21 210 49.345 Lathronympha strigana Red Piercer 1 3 4 211 49.367 Pammene fasciana Acorn Piercer 1 1 212 49.376 Pammene aurita Sycamore Piercer 2 1 3 213 49.379 Pammene aurana Orange-spot Piercer 1 1 214 49.381 Strophedra weirana Little Beech Piercer 1 2 3 215 49.382 Strophedra nitidana Little Oak Piercer 1 1 216 52.010 Synanthedon andrenaeformis Orange-tailed Clearwing Uncommon 2 2 217 62.001 Aphomia sociella Bee Moth 1 5 2 1 9 218 62.007 Cryptoblabes bistriga Double-striped Knot-horn 15 16 31 219 62.029 Phycita roborella Dotted Oak Knot-horn 10 6 16 220 62.034 Acrobasis repandana Warted Knot-horn 3 43 46 221 62.035 Acrobasis advenella Grey Knot-horn 12 12 222 62.038 Acrobasis consociella Broad-barred Knot-horn 6 39 45 223 62.042 Myelois circumvoluta Thistle Ermine 1 1 224 62.054 Homoeosoma sinuella Twin-barred Knot-horn 9 9 225 62.058 Phycitodes binaevella Ermine Knot-horn 1 1 2 226 62.065 Ephestia unicolorella 1 16 2 19 227 62.070 Synaphe punctalis Long-legged Tabby 1 12 13 228 62.072 Pyralis farinalis Meal Moth 1 1 229 62.074 Aglossa pinguinalis Large Tabby 1 1 230 62.075 Hypsopygia costalis Gold Triangle 1 5 1 7 231 62.076 Hypsopygia glaucinalis Double-striped Tabby 1 4 1 6 232 62.077 Endotricha flammealis Rosy Tabby 1 270 44 315 233 63.005 Pyrausta despicata Straw-barred Pearl 1 1 7 3 12 234 63.006 Pyrausta aurata Small Purple & Gold 4 4 235 63.018 Anania coronata Elder Pearl 1 17 4 22 236 63.025 Anania hortulata Small Magpie 18 24 1 43 237 63.028 Ostrinia nubilalis European Corn-borer Immigrant 2 4 6 238 63.031 Udea ferrugalis Rusty-dot Pearl Immigrant 1 1 239 63.034 Udea prunalis Dusky Pearl 2 2 240 63.037 Udea olivalis Olive Pearl 6 1 7 241 63.038 Pleuroptya ruralis Mother of Pearl 88 145 26 259 242 63.052 Nomophila noctuella Rush Veneer Immigrant 2 3 16 3 2 26 243 63.054 Cydalima perspectalis Box-tree Moth Recent colonist 1 1 244 63.057 Evergestis forficalis Garden Pebble 1 1 2 4 245 63.062 Scoparia subfusca Large Grey 3 3 246 63.063 Scoparia basistrigalis Base-lined Grey 1 1 247 63.064 Scoparia ambigualis Common Grey 48 63 42 2 155 248 63.066 Scoparia pyralella Meadow Grey 8 8 249 63.067 Eudonia lacustrata Little Grey 22 42 64 250 63.069 Eudonia angustea Narrow-winged Grey 17 3 2 12 3 2 39 251 63.074 Eudonia mercurella Small Grey 4 21 11 6 42 252 63.075 Eudonia pallida Marsh Grey 1 5 6 253 63.077 Chilo phragmitella Reed Veneer 1 1 254 63.079 Calamotropha paludella Bulrush Veneer 1 1 255 63.080 Chrysoteuchia culmella Garden Grass-veneer 20 71 4 95 256 63.081 Crambus pascuella Inlaid Grass-veneer 2 4 6 257 63.086 Crambus lathoniellus Hook-streak Grass-veneer 1 1

58 258 63.088 Crambus perlella Satin Grass-veneer 1 4 5 259 63.089 Agriphila tristella Common Grass-veneer 6 13 3 22 260 63.090 Agriphila inquinatella Barred Grass-veneer 5 45 19 69 261 63.092 Agriphila selasella Pale-streak Grass-veneer 4 4 262 63.093 Agriphila straminella Straw Grass-veneer 84 36 3 123 263 63.095 Agriphila geniculea Elbow-stripe Grass-veneer 17 12 15 44 264 63.099 Catoptria pinella Pearl Grass-veneer 6 3 9 265 63.102 Catoptria falsella Chequered Grass-veneer 10 33 2 45 266 63.109 Pediasia contaminella Waste Grass-veneer 7 41 48 267 63.112 Platytes alpinella Hook-tipped Grass-veneer 1 1 268 63.114 Elophila nymphaeata Brown China-mark 1 1 269 63.115 Acentria ephemerella Water Veneer 24 500 524 270 63.116 Cataclysta lemnata Small China-mark 1 1 271 63.119 Musotima nitidalis Musotima nitidalis Possibly 2nd vice-county Record. 1 1 272 65.001 Falcaria lacertinaria Scalloped Hook-tip 1 1 2 273 65.002 Watsonalla binaria Oak Hook-tip 7 18 3 10 38 274 65.005 Drepana falcataria Pebble Hook-tip 1 1 2 275 65.008 Thyatira batis Peach Blossom 7 7 3 17 276 65.009 Habrosyne pyritoides Buff Arches 6 6 277 65.010 Tethea ocularis subsp. octogesimea Figure of Eighty 1 1 278 65.014 Cymatophorina diluta subsp. hartwiegi Oak Lutestring 29 29 279 65.015 Polyploca ridens Frosted Green 76 1 77 280 65.016 Achlya flavicornis subsp. galbanus Yellow Horned 13 2 15 281 66.001 Poecilocampa populi December Moth 2 3 5 282 69.002 Smerinthus ocellata Eyed Hawk-moth 1 1 283 69.003 Laothoe populi Poplar Hawk-moth 1 4 2 1 8 284 69.007 Sphinx pinastri Pine Hawk-moth 1 2 3 285 69.016 Deilephila elpenor Elephant Hawk-moth 2 2 286 70.004 Idaea rusticata Least Carpet 5 51 1 1 58 287 70.006 Idaea fuscovenosa Dwarf Cream Wave 3 11 14 288 70.008 Idaea seriata Small Dusty Wave 3 1 4 289 70.011 Idaea dimidiata Single-dotted Wave 12 58 7 6 83 290 70.012 Idaea trigeminata Treble Brown Spot 26 15 41 291 70.013 Idaea biselata Small Fan-footed Wave 1 59 4 64 292 70.016 Idaea aversata Riband Wave 13 95 36 2 146 293 70.018 Idaea straminata Plain Wave 1 14 6 21 294 70.024 Scopula imitaria Small Blood-vein 2 1 3 295 70.029 Timandra comae Blood-Vein 1 1 2 1 5 296 70.032 Cyclophora albipunctata Birch Mocha 1 2 3 297 70.036 Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush 3 35 6 13 98 24 179 298 70.037 Cyclophora linearia Clay Triple-lines 1 1 2 299 70.038 Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Immigrant 4 4 300 70.045 Scotopteryx chenopodiata Shaded Broad-bar 1 1 301 70.049 Xanthorhoe fluctuata subsp. fluctuata Garden Carpet 1 1 2 302 70.051 Xanthorhoe spadicearia Red Twin-spot Carpet 1 1 303 70.053 Xanthorhoe designata Flame Carpet 1 1 304 70.054 Xanthorhoe montanata subsp. montanata Silver-ground Carpet 1 1 2 305 70.059 Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell 1 1 2 4 306 70.061 Epirrhoe alternata subsp. alternata Common Carpet 2 2 307 70.067 Anticlea derivata Streamer 9 1 10 308 70.074 Hydriomena furcata July Highflier 3 3 309 70.079 Thera britannica Spruce Carpet 1 1 1 3

59 310 70.081 Thera obeliscata Grey Pine Carpet 3 3 311 70.084 Plemyria rubiginata subsp. plumbata Blue-bordered Carpet 1 1 312 70.086 Electrophaes corylata Broken-barred Carpet 1 1 313 70.087 Cosmorhoe ocellata Purple Bar 1 1 314 70.089 Eulithis prunata Phoenix 2 3 5 315 70.090 Eulithis testata Chevron 2 4 6 316 70.092 Eulithis mellinata Spinach 2 2 317 70.093 Gandaritis pyraliata Barred Straw 1 1 2 318 70.094 Ecliptopera silaceata Small Phoenix 1 3 4 319 70.095 Chloroclysta siterata Red-Green Carpet 1 2 3 15 126 150 5 302 320 70.097 Dysstroma truncata subsp. truncata Common Marbled Carpet 7 3 2 22 20 54 321 70.100 Colostygia pectinataria Green Carpet 13 4 8 25 322 70.114 Hydrelia flammeolaria Small Yellow Wave 3 3 323 70.126 Horisme vitalbata Small Waved Umber 1 1 324 70.137 Perizoma albulata subsp. albulata Grass Rivulet 1 1 325 70.138 Perizoma flavofasciata Sandy Carpet 1 1 326 70.141 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Double-striped Pug 12 1 1 10 11 35 327 70.144 Pasiphila rectangulata Green Pug 1 3 4 328 70.156 Eupithecia abbreviata Brindled Pug 3 75 26 104 329 70.157 Eupithecia dodoneata Oak-tree Pug 2 10 12 330 70.160 Eupithecia tripunctaria White-spotted Pug 2 2 331 70.168 Eupithecia nanata Narrow-winged Pug 6 11 7 3 27 332 70.171 Eupithecia indigata Ochreous Pug 1 1 333 70.173 Eupithecia centaureata Lime-speck Pug 1 1 334 70.183 Eupithecia vulgata Common Pug 1 7 4 12 335 70.184 Eupithecia exiguata Mottled Pug 1 1 2 336 70.190 Eupithecia subfuscata Grey Pug 2 2 337 70.199 Pterapherapteryx sexalata Small Seraphim 3 1 4 338 70.200 Acasis viretata Yellow-barred Brindle 1 1 339 70.207 Lomaspilis marginata Clouded Border 1 3 11 1 16 340 70.211 Macaria notata Peacock Moth 8 1 4 9 2 24 341 70.222 Petrophora chlorosata Brown Silver-line 3 8 3 14 342 70.224 Plagodis dolabraria Scorched Wing 12 14 1 27 343 70.226 Opisthograptis luteolata Brimstone Moth 12 3 1 15 9 1 41 344 70.231 Apeira syringaria Lilac Beauty 1 1 345 70.236 Ennomos erosaria September Thorn 12 3 3 18 346 70.237 Selenia dentaria Early Thorn 1 3 2 6 347 70.239 Selenia tetralunaria Purple Thorn 2 1 3 348 70.241 Crocallis elinguaria Scalloped Oak 1 12 2 15 349 70.243 Ourapteryx sambucaria Swallow-tailed Moth 1 1 350 70.244 Colotois pennaria Feathered Thorn 59 109 168 351 70.245 Alsophila aescularia March Moth 37 73 110 352 70.246 Apocheima hispidaria Small Brindled Beauty 32 45 77 353 70.247 Phigalia pilosaria Pale Brindled Beauty 6 6 354 70.248 Lycia hirtaria Brindled Beauty 3 3 355 70.251 Biston strataria Oak Beauty 1 16 17 356 70.252 Biston betularia Peppered Moth 8 8 2 18 357 70.253 Agriopis leucophaearia Spring Usher 1 54 5 4 64 358 70.255 Agriopis marginaria Dotted Border 20 15 35 359 70.256 Erannis defoliaria Mottled Umber 26 11 38 5 80 360 70.257 Menophra abruptaria Waved Umber 1 1 361 70.258 Peribatodes rhomboidaria Willow Beauty 15 16 17 15 63

60 362 70.265 Alcis repandata subsp. repandata Mottled Beauty 23 13 1 37 363 70.267 Hypomecis roboraria Great Oak Beauty 8 1 9 364 70.268 Hypomecis punctinalis Pale Oak Beauty 8 4 12 365 70.270 Ectropis crepuscularia Engrailed 8 1 5 14 366 70.277 Cabera pusaria Common White Wave 3 10 6 14 33 367 70.278 Cabera exanthemata Common Wave 1 1 3 5 10 368 70.280 Lomographa temerata Clouded Silver 1 4 2 7 369 70.282 Theria primaria Early Moth 2 2 4 370 70.283 Campaea margaritaria Light Emerald 1 107 20 83 1 212 371 70.299 Geometra papilionaria Large Emerald 1 1 372 70.300 Comibaena bajularia Blotched Emerald 22 2 24 373 70.305 Hemithea aestivaria Common Emerald 12 8 20 374 71.001 Thaumetopoea processionea Oak Processionary 205 9 214 375 71.011 Drymonia ruficornis Lunar Marbled Brown 113 113 376 71.012 Notodonta dromedarius Iron Prominent 1 1 2 377 71.013 Notodonta ziczac Pebble Prominent 2 2 378 71.017 Pheosia tremula Swallow Prominent 1 1 379 71.018 Pheosia gnoma Lesser Swallow Prominent 2 3 12 12 29 380 71.020 Pterostoma palpina Pale Prominent 2 3 2 7 1 15 381 71.021 Ptilodon capucina Coxcomb Prominent 1 12 4 2 15 34 382 71.025 Phalera bucephala Buff-tip 1 8 17 26 383 71.027 Clostera curtula Chocolate-tip 1 1 384 72.001 Scoliopteryx libatrix Herald 2 1 3 385 72.002 Rivula sericealis Straw Dot 48 26 9 83 386 72.003 Hypena proboscidalis Snout 23 31 5 39 13 111 387 72.010 Lymantria monacha Black Arches 98 125 3 226 388 72.011 Lymantria dispar Gypsy Moth 18 1 19 389 72.015 Calliteara pudibunda Pale Tussock 21 2 23 390 72.017 Orgyia antiqua Vapourer 1 1 391 72.019 Spilosoma lutea Buff Ermine 29 14 37 16 96 392 72.020 Spilosoma lubricipeda White Ermine 6 14 4 24 393 72.022 Diaphora mendica Muslin Moth 1 3 4 394 72.024 Phragmatobia fuliginosa subsp. fuliginosa Ruby Tiger 3 5 8 395 72.030 Euplagia quadripunctaria Jersey Tiger 1 1 396 72.031 Tyria jacobaeae Cinnabar 6 12 2 20 397 72.035 Miltochrista miniata Rosy Footman 2 21 1 24 398 72.042 Atolmis rubricollis Red-necked Footman 1 1 399 72.043 Eilema depressa Buff Footman 24 16 40 400 72.044 Eilema griseola Dingy Footman 56 13 69 401 72.045 Eilema lurideola Common Footman 6 40 46 402 72.046 Eilema complana Scarce Footman 1 32 2 35 403 72.047 Eilema caniola Hoary Footman 2 2 4 404 72.049 Eilema sororcula Orange Footman 82 31 113 405 72.052 Macrochilo cribrumalis Dotted Fan-foot Uncommon 1 1 406 72.053 Herminia tarsipennalis Fan-foot 1 3 1 5 407 72.055 Herminia grisealis Small Fan-foot 5 2 7 408 72.066 Parascotia fuliginaria Waved Black 5 1 6 409 72.069 Laspeyria flexula Beautiful Hook-tip 12 5 17 410 73.001 Abrostola tripartita Spectacle 1 5 2 8 411 73.002 Abrostola triplasia Dark Spectacle Uncommon 1 1 412 73.012 Diachrysia chrysitis Burnished Brass 2 5 7 413 73.015 Autographa gamma Silver Y 3 3 6 2 1 1 16

61 414 73.024 Deltote pygarga Marbled White Spot 20 10 30 415 73.032 Colocasia coryli Nut-tree Tussock 1 6 1 8 416 73.045 Acronicta rumicis Knot Grass 1 1 2 4 417 73.047 Craniophora ligustri Coronet 4 4 418 73.052 Cucullia umbratica Shark 1 1 419 73.059 Calophasia lunula Toadflax Brocade Recent colonist 1 1 420 73.062 Amphipyra pyramidea Copper Underwing 9 4 2 15 421 73.063 Amphipyra berbera subsp. svenssoni Svensson's Copper Underwing 1 18 9 28 422 73.068 Allophyes oxyacanthae Green-brindled Crescent 4 4 8 423 73.069 Xylocampa areola Early Grey 3 4 7 424 73.082 Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Recent colonist 2 11 13 425 73.084 Bryophila domestica Marbled Beauty 2 2 426 73.092 Caradrina morpheus Mottled Rustic 4 4 427 73.095 Caradrina clavipalpis Pale Mottled Willow 3 2 4 1 2 12 428 73.099 Hoplodrina ambigua Vine's Rustic 1 5 4 10 429 73.101 Charanyca trigrammica Treble Lines 113 63 1 177 430 73.102 Rusina ferruginea Brown Rustic 2 30 3 35 431 73.105 Dypterygia scabriuscula Bird's Wing 6 25 42 1 74 432 73.107 Mormo maura Old Lady 2 7 1 10 433 73.109 Thalpophila matura Straw Underwing 88 10 98 434 73.113 Phlogophora meticulosa Angle Shades 1 2 2 5 435 73.114 Euplexia lucipara Small Angle Shades 1 1 436 73.120 Eremobia ochroleuca Dusky Sallow 6 1 7 437 73.123 Hydraecia micacea Rosy Rustic 1 1 2 438 73.128 Amphipoea oculea Ear Moth 4 4 439 73.131 Luperina testacea Flounced Rustic 20 271 291 440 73.142 Coenobia rufa Small Rufous 1 1 441 73.144 Denticucullus pygmina Small Wainscot 2 3 5 442 73.147 Photedes minima Small Dotted Buff 1 1 443 73.154 Apamea remissa Dusky Brocade 1 1 444 73.158 Apamea sordens Rustic Shoulder-knot 3 3 445 73.162 Apamea monoglypha Dark Arches 3 26 7 36 446 73.163 Apamea lithoxylaea Light Arches 1 1 447 73.169 Mesapamea secalis Common Rustic 3 3 448 73.171 Litoligia literosa Rosy Minor 1 1 449 73.172 Mesoligia furuncula Cloaked Minor 1 1 450 73.176 Oligia fasciuncula Middle-barred Minor 10 10 451 73.179 Tiliacea citrago Orange Sallow 1 1 2 452 73.180 Tiliacea aurago Barred Sallow 1 5 4 10 453 73.181 Xanthia togata Pink-barred Sallow 6 6 454 73.182 Cirrhia icteritia Sallow 4 5 9 455 73.189 Agrochola lota Red-line Quaker 21 3 24 456 73.190 Agrochola macilenta Yellow-line Quaker 6 17 23 457 73.192 Agrochola circellaris Brick 4 8 12 458 73.193 Omphaloscelis lunosa Lunar Underwing 4 10 14 459 73.194 Conistra vaccinii Chestnut 4 69 35 4 84 20 1 217 460 73.195 Conistra ligula Dark Chestnut 2 1 3 461 73.197 Conistra rubiginea Dotted Chestnut 4 2 6 462 73.202 Lithophane ornitopus subsp. lactipennis Grey Shoulder-knot 1 1 2 463 73.210 Eupsilia transversa Satellite 2 12 17 16 47 464 73.215 Cosmia affinis Lesser-spotted Pinion 1 1 465 73.216 Cosmia trapezina Dun-bar 129 44 173

62 466 73.221 Parastichtis suspecta Suspected 1 1 467 73.224 Griposia aprilina Merveille du Jour 4 4 8 468 73.225 Dryobotodes eremita Brindled Green 2 34 1 37 469 73.233 Aporophyla nigra Black Rustic 1 1 470 73.242 Orthosia incerta Clouded Drab 30 19 49 471 73.243 Orthosia miniosa Blossom Underwing Uncommon 1 1 472 73.244 Orthosia cerasi Common Quaker 1 126 63 190 473 73.245 Orthosia cruda Small Quaker 478 63 541 474 73.249 Orthosia gothica Hebrew Character 3 89 79 171 475 73.250 Anorthoa munda Twin-spotted Quaker 24 8 32 476 73.252 Tholera cespitis Hedge Rustic 3 76 79 477 73.253 Tholera decimalis Feathered Gothic 2 73 75 478 73.254 Cerapteryx graminis Antler Moth 6 6 479 73.261 Polia nebulosa Grey Arches 8 1 9 480 73.263 Lacanobia w-latinum Light Brocade 11 6 17 481 73.267 Lacanobia oleracea Bright-line Brown-eye 21 1 22 482 73.273 Hada plebeja Shears 3 3 483 73.288 Mythimna turca Double Line Very Uncommon 1 15 16 484 73.291 Mythimna pallens Common Wainscot 8 8 485 73.297 Mythimna albipuncta White-point 1 1 6 8 486 73.298 Mythimna ferrago Clay 1 45 3 49 487 73.301 Leucania comma Shoulder-striped Wainscot 4 77 4 85 488 73.317 Agrotis exclamationis Heart & Dart 12 65 26 103 489 73.319 Agrotis segetum Turnip Moth 3 3 1 7 490 73.320 Agrotis clavis Heart & Club 19 28 47 491 73.325 Agrotis puta subsp. puta Shuttle-shaped Dart 17 2 1 10 30 492 73.327 Agrotis ipsilon Dark Sword-grass Immigrant 2 1 1 1 5 493 73.328 Axylia putris Flame 1 13 14 494 73.329 Ochropleura plecta Flame Shoulder 10 3 6 8 1 28 495 73.333 Diarsia mendica subsp. mendica Ingrailed Clay 1 20 2 23 496 73.334 Diarsia rubi Small Square-spot 13 14 4 14 45 497 73.338 Lycophotia porphyrea True Lover's Knot 2 9 13 2 26 498 73.342 Noctua pronuba Large Yellow Underwing 4 12 38 138 3 195 499 73.343 Noctua fimbriata Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 4 5 4 13 500 73.345 Noctua comes Lesser Yellow Underwing 1 2 11 1 15 501 73.348 Noctua janthe Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 41 32 73 502 73.353 Xestia baja Dotted Clay 3 3 503 73.357 Xestia xanthographa Square-spot Rustic 17 53 70 504 73.358 Xestia sexstrigata Six-striped Rustic 1 25 26 505 73.359 Xestia c-nigrum Setaceous Hebrew Character 1 2 3 506 73.361 Xestia triangulum Double Square-spot 7 7 507 73.365 Eugnorisma glareosa Autumnal Rustic 1 2 3 508 74.002 Meganola albula Kent Black Arches 13 1 14 509 74.003 Nola cucullatella Short-cloaked Moth 4 15 19 510 74.004 Nola confusalis Least Black Arches 2 2 511 74.007 Bena bicolorana Scarce Silver-lines 1 1 512 74.008 Pseudoips prasinana subsp. britannica Green Silver-lines 1 1 513 74.009 Nycteola revayana Oak Nycteoline 5 1 1 1 2 10 514 TC TQ22797156Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 515 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Common Oak Purple 40 40 516 3.001 Triodia sylvina Orange Swift 1 1 517 7.015 Nematopogon swammerdamella Large Long-horn 3 3

63 518 8.002 Incurvaria masculella Feathered Bright 2 2 519 10.003 Coptotriche marginea Bordered Carl 4 4 520 12.037 Monopis weaverella Carrion Moth 1 1 521 16.014 Pseudoswammerdamia combinella Copper-tipped Ermel 1 1 522 17.005 Ypsolopha scabrella Wainscot Smudge 1 1 523 18.003 Plutella porrectella Grey-streaked Smudge 1 1 524 25.001 Scythropia crataegella Hawthorn Moth 1 1 525 28.010 Hofmannophila pseudospretella Brown House-moth 1 1 526 28.014 Crassa unitella Golden-brown Tubic 2 2 527 28.015 Batia lunaris Lesser Tawny Tubic 1 1 528 28.019 Esperia sulphurella Sulphur Tubic 1 1 2 529 28.024 Tachystola acroxantha Ruddy Streak 1 6 1 8 530 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 5 12 17 531 31.001 Carcina quercana Long-horned Flat-body 12 2 14 532 32.017 Agonopterix arenella Brindled Flat-body 1 1 533 35.049 Bryotropha similis Obscure Groundling 15 14 29 534 35.123 Scrobipalpa costella Winter Groundling 1 1 535 35.143 Teleiodes luculella Crescent Groundling 2 1 3 536 35.160 Stenolechia gemmella Black-dotted Groundling 1 1 537 37.048 Coleophora mayrella Meadow Case-bearer 1 1 538 41.002 Blastobasis adustella Dingy Dowd 16 16 539 44.001 Alucita hexadactyla Twenty-plume Moth or Many-plumed Moth 1 1 540 45.010 Amblyptilia acanthadactyla Beautiful Plume 1 1 541 45.044 Emmelina monodactyla Common Plume 1 5 6 542 47.005 Epermenia chaerophyllella Garden Lance-wing 1 1 543 49.004 Ditula angustiorana Red-barred Tortrix 1 1 544 49.015 Archips xylosteana Variegated Golden Tortrix 1 1 545 49.024 Pandemis corylana Chequered Fruit-tree Tortrix 2 2 546 49.026 Pandemis heparana Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix 1 1 547 49.044 Tortricodes alternella Winter Shade 16 16 548 49.059 Tortrix viridana Green Oak Tortrix 4 4 549 49.060 Aleimma loeflingiana Yellow Oak Button 3 3 550 49.139 Cochylis atricapitana Black-headed Conch 4 1 4 5 14 551 49.144 Eudemis profundana Diamond-back Marble 1 1 2 552 49.155 Hedya salicella White-backed Marble 1 1 553 49.161 Celypha striana Barred Marble 1 1 554 49.166 Celypha lacunana Common Marble 1 3 4 555 49.216 Ancylis mitterbacheriana Red Roller 1 1 556 49.223 Rhopobota naevana Holly Tortrix 2 2 557 49.224 Spilonota ocellana Bud Moth 1 1 2 558 49.240 Epinotia immundana Common Birch Bell 2 1 3 559 49.260 Zeiraphera isertana Cock's-head Bell 1 1 560 49.265 Eucosma cana Hoary Belle 1 1 561 49.269 Eucosma campoliliana Marbled Bell 1 1 562 49.279 Gypsonoma dealbana Common Cloaked Shoot 2 2 563 49.294 Notocelia uddmanniana Bramble Shoot Moth 4 4 564 49.304 Clavigesta purdeyi Pine Leaf-mining Moth 1 1 565 49.306 Rhyacionia pinicolana Orange-spotted Shoot 1 1 566 49.325 Cydia ulicetana Grey Gorse Piercer 1 1 567 49.342 Cydia fagiglandana Large Beech Piercer 2 2 568 62.001 Aphomia sociella Bee Moth 2 2 569 62.029 Phycita roborella Dotted Oak Knot-horn 3 3

64 570 62.034 Acrobasis repandana Warted Knot-horn 6 6 571 62.038 Acrobasis consociella Broad-barred Knot-horn 2 2 572 62.070 Synaphe punctalis Long-legged Tabby 1 1 2 573 62.075 Hypsopygia costalis Gold Triangle 1 1 574 62.077 Endotricha flammealis Rosy Tabby 25 25 575 63.005 Pyrausta despicata Straw-barred Pearl 1 2 3 576 63.006 Pyrausta aurata Small Purple & Gold 1 1 577 63.018 Anania coronata Elder Pearl 1 1 578 63.025 Anania hortulata Small Magpie 5 5 579 63.052 Nomophila noctuella Rush Veneer Immigrant 1 1 580 63.057 Evergestis forficalis Garden Pebble 1 1 581 63.063 Scoparia basistrigalis Base-lined Grey 1 1 582 63.064 Scoparia ambigualis Common Grey 17 5 22 583 63.067 Eudonia lacustrata Little Grey 5 5 584 63.074 Eudonia mercurella Small Grey 2 1 3 585 63.080 Chrysoteuchia culmella Garden Grass-veneer 11 11 586 63.081 Crambus pascuella Inlaid Grass-veneer 2 2 587 63.088 Crambus perlella Satin Grass-veneer 2 2 588 63.089 Agriphila tristella Common Grass-veneer 1 1 589 63.090 Agriphila inquinatella Barred Grass-veneer 3 3 590 63.093 Agriphila straminella Straw Grass-veneer 10 10 591 63.095 Agriphila geniculea Elbow-stripe Grass-veneer 5 4 9 592 63.102 Catoptria falsella Chequered Grass-veneer 2 2 593 63.109 Pediasia contaminella Waste Grass-veneer 3 3 594 63.114 Elophila nymphaeata Brown China-mark 1 1 595 65.002 Watsonalla binaria Oak Hook-tip 6 3 9 596 65.005 Drepana falcataria Pebble Hook-tip 1 1 597 65.008 Thyatira batis Peach Blossom 1 1 598 65.015 Polyploca ridens Frosted Green 19 19 599 65.016 Achlya flavicornis subsp. galbanus Yellow Horned 3 3 600 69.003 Laothoe populi Poplar Hawk-moth 2 2 601 70.004 Idaea rusticata Least Carpet 3 3 602 70.006 Idaea fuscovenosa Dwarf Cream Wave 1 1 603 70.013 Idaea biselata Small Fan-footed Wave 2 2 604 70.016 Idaea aversata Riband Wave 5 3 8 605 70.036 Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush 1 1 23 25 606 70.079 Thera britannica Spruce Carpet 2 2 607 70.100 Colostygia pectinataria Green Carpet 2 2 608 70.137 Perizoma albulata subsp. albulata Grass Rivulet 1 1 609 70.141 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Double-striped Pug 2 2 610 70.156 Eupithecia abbreviata Brindled Pug 2 22 14 38 611 70.157 Eupithecia dodoneata Oak-tree Pug 4 7 11 612 70.168 Eupithecia nanata Narrow-winged Pug 3 1 4 613 70.183 Eupithecia vulgata Common Pug 2 2 614 70.184 Eupithecia exiguata Mottled Pug 3 3 615 70.198 Lobophora halterata Seraphim 1 1 616 70.199 Pterapherapteryx sexalata Small Seraphim 1 1 617 70.211 Macaria notata Peacock Moth 1 2 3 618 70.236 Ennomos erosaria September Thorn 2 2 619 70.237 Selenia dentaria Early Thorn 1 1 620 70.239 Selenia tetralunaria Purple Thorn 2 2 621 70.241 Crocallis elinguaria Scalloped Oak 3 3

65 622 70.245 Alsophila aescularia March Moth 11 11 623 70.246 Apocheima hispidaria Small Brindled Beauty 7 7 624 70.255 Agriopis marginaria Dotted Border 4 4 625 70.265 Alcis repandata subsp. repandata Mottled Beauty 1 1 626 70.268 Hypomecis punctinalis Pale Oak Beauty 1 1 627 70.270 Ectropis crepuscularia Engrailed 1 1 628 70.277 Cabera pusaria Common White Wave 1 1 629 70.283 Campaea margaritaria Light Emerald 2 2 630 70.299 Geometra papilionaria Large Emerald 2 2 631 71.001 Thaumetopoea processionea Oak Processionary 23 23 632 71.005 Furcula furcula Sallow Kitten 1 1 633 71.011 Drymonia ruficornis Lunar Marbled Brown 57 57 634 71.012 Notodonta dromedarius Iron Prominent 2 2 635 71.018 Pheosia gnoma Lesser Swallow Prominent 1 1 636 71.020 Pterostoma palpina Pale Prominent 1 1 637 71.021 Ptilodon capucina Coxcomb Prominent 5 5 638 71.025 Phalera bucephala Buff-tip 2 2 639 72.003 Hypena proboscidalis Snout 1 1 640 72.010 Lymantria monacha Black Arches 10 6 16 641 72.015 Calliteara pudibunda Pale Tussock 6 6 642 72.019 Spilosoma lutea Buff Ermine 7 3 10 643 72.022 Diaphora mendica Muslin Moth 4 4 644 72.030 Euplagia quadripunctaria Jersey Tiger 4 4 645 72.031 Tyria jacobaeae Cinnabar 3 1 4 646 72.035 Miltochrista miniata Rosy Footman 1 1 647 72.043 Eilema depressa Buff Footman 1 1 648 72.044 Eilema griseola Dingy Footman 8 8 649 72.045 Eilema lurideola Common Footman 1 1 2 650 72.046 Eilema complana Scarce Footman 5 5 651 72.047 Eilema caniola Hoary Footman 1 1 652 72.049 Eilema sororcula Orange Footman 15 15 653 72.066 Parascotia fuliginaria Waved Black 2 2 654 73.032 Colocasia coryli Nut-tree Tussock 3 1 4 655 73.063 Amphipyra berbera subsp. svenssoni Svensson's Copper Underwing 2 2 656 73.082 Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Recent colonist 2 2 657 73.095 Caradrina clavipalpis Pale Mottled Willow 1 1 658 73.099 Hoplodrina ambigua Vine's Rustic 1 1 659 73.101 Charanyca trigrammica Treble Lines 51 51 660 73.109 Thalpophila matura Straw Underwing 9 9 661 73.113 Phlogophora meticulosa Angle Shades 3 3 662 73.131 Luperina testacea Flounced Rustic 6 6 663 73.158 Apamea sordens Rustic Shoulder-knot 1 1 664 73.194 Conistra vaccinii Chestnut 10 8 18 665 73.195 Conistra ligula Dark Chestnut 1 1 666 73.201 Lithophane socia Pale Pinion 1 1 667 73.210 Eupsilia transversa Satellite 7 1 8 668 73.216 Cosmia trapezina Dun-bar 16 4 20 669 73.242 Orthosia incerta Clouded Drab 2 1 3 670 73.244 Orthosia cerasi Common Quaker 20 23 43 671 73.245 Orthosia cruda Small Quaker 62 22 84 672 73.249 Orthosia gothica Hebrew Character 21 40 1 62 673 73.250 Anorthoa munda Twin-spotted Quaker 3 2 5

66 674 73.267 Lacanobia oleracea Bright-line Brown-eye 2 2 675 73.288 Mythimna turca Double Line Very Uncommon 1 1 676 73.301 Leucania comma Shoulder-striped Wainscot 1 2 3 677 73.317 Agrotis exclamationis Heart & Dart 1 1 2 678 73.320 Agrotis clavis Heart & Club 1 1 679 73.325 Agrotis puta subsp. puta Shuttle-shaped Dart 16 2 18 680 73.329 Ochropleura plecta Flame Shoulder 9 1 10 681 73.333 Diarsia mendica subsp. mendica Ingrailed Clay 1 1 2 682 73.334 Diarsia rubi Small Square-spot 1 1 683 73.338 Lycophotia porphyrea True Lover's Knot 2 1 3 684 73.342 Noctua pronuba Large Yellow Underwing 1 3 4 685 73.343 Noctua fimbriata Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 3 3 686 73.348 Noctua janthe Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 3 3 687 73.357 Xestia xanthographa Square-spot Rustic 2 2 688 73.358 Xestia sexstrigata Six-striped Rustic 4 4 689 73.359 Xestia c-nigrum Setaceous Hebrew Character 1 1 2 690 74.002 Meganola albula Kent Black Arches 3 3 691 74.009 Nycteola revayana Oak Nycteoline 1 1 692 RO TQ23007237Rec'(s): AE. Determiner: AE. 693 35.038 Bryotropha domestica House Groundling 1 1 694 35.049 Bryotropha similis Obscure Groundling 1 1 2 695 49.161 Celypha striana Barred Marble 1 1 696 62.038 Acrobasis consociella Broad-barred Knot-horn 1 1 697 62.070 Synaphe punctalis Long-legged Tabby 1 1 698 63.069 Eudonia angustea Narrow-winged Grey 1 1 699 63.089 Agriphila tristella Common Grass-veneer 12 12 700 63.095 Agriphila geniculea Elbow-stripe Grass-veneer 3 3 701 63.102 Catoptria falsella Chequered Grass-veneer 1 1 702 63.109 Pediasia contaminella Waste Grass-veneer 7 7 703 70.004 Idaea rusticata Least Carpet 10 10 704 70.008 Idaea seriata Small Dusty Wave 2 1 3 705 70.011 Idaea dimidiata Single-dotted Wave 1 2 3 706 70.016 Idaea aversata Riband Wave 1 3 4 707 70.024 Scopula imitaria Small Blood-vein 2 2 708 70.036 Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush 1 2 3 709 70.038 Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Immigrant 1 1 710 70.059 Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell 1 1 711 70.157 Eupithecia dodoneata Oak-tree Pug 1 1 712 70.168 Eupithecia nanata Narrow-winged Pug 1 1 713 70.222 Petrophora chlorosata Brown Silver-line 1 1 714 70.226 Opisthograptis luteolata Brimstone Moth 1 1 715 70.231 Apeira syringaria Lilac Beauty 1 1 716 70.236 Ennomos erosaria September Thorn 1 1 717 70.258 Peribatodes rhomboidaria Willow Beauty 1 1 718 72.010 Lymantria monacha Black Arches 1 1 719 72.019 Spilosoma lutea Buff Ermine 1 1 720 72.045 Eilema lurideola Common Footman 1 1 721 72.053 Herminia tarsipennalis Fan-foot 1 1 722 73.040 Acronicta leporina Miller 1 1 723 73.074 Heliothis peltigera Bordered Straw Immigrant 1 1 724 73.084 Bryophila domestica Marbled Beauty 1 1 725 73.216 Cosmia trapezina Dun-bar 1 1

67 726 73.297 Mythimna albipuncta White-point 1 1 727 WC TQ230721 Recorder(s): LH;AE;SS. Determiner: LH. 728 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 1 1 729 65.016 Achlya flavicornis subsp. galbanus Yellow Horned 2 2 730 73.197 Conistra rubiginea Dotted Chestnut 1 1 731 73.242 Orthosia incerta Clouded Drab 1 1 732 73.244 Orthosia cerasi Common Quaker 29 29 733 73.245 Orthosia cruda Small Quaker 16 16 734 73.246 Orthosia populeti Lead-coloured Drab Uncommon 1 1 735 73.249 Orthosia gothica Hebrew Character 3 3 736 WC TQ230722 Recorder(s): LH;AE;SS. Determiner: LH. 737 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Common Oak Purple 1 1 738 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 5 5 739 73.242 Orthosia incerta Clouded Drab 1 1 740 73.244 Orthosia cerasi Common Quaker 1 1 741 73.245 Orthosia cruda Small Quaker 1 1 742 PH TQ231729 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 743 28.009 Endrosis sarcitrella White-shouldered House-moth 1 1 744 28.019 Esperia sulphurella Sulphur Tubic 1 1 745 65.005 Drepana falcataria Pebble Hook-tip 1 1 746 70.036 Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush 2 2 747 70.156 Eupithecia abbreviata Brindled Pug 1 1 748 70.157 Eupithecia dodoneata Oak-tree Pug 1 1 749 70.198 Lobophora halterata Seraphim 3 3 750 70.211 Macaria notata Peacock Moth 1 1 751 70.257 Menophra abruptaria Waved Umber 1 1 752 72.015 Calliteara pudibunda Pale Tussock 1 1 753 73.032 Colocasia coryli Nut-tree Tussock 1 1 754 74.004 Nola confusalis Least Black Arches 1 1 755 WC TQ2371 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 756 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Common Oak Purple 6 6 757 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 5 12 17 758 PH TQ2372 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 759 29.001 Diurnea fagella March Tubic 17 17 760 45.044 Emmelina monodactyla Common Plume 1 1 761 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 1 1 762 PH TQ2373 Recorder(s): LH;AE. Determiner: LH. 763 70.203 Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing Day flying around birch. 1

Locations: PH - Putney Heath WC - Wimbledon Common RO- Ranger's Office TC - Thatched Cottage

Wimbledon and Putney BioBlitz Report Commons

Wimbledon Common Putney Heath Putney Lower Common June 2015

A Hunt for Wildlife on Wimbledon and Putney Commons! A huge thank you to everyone who turned out to support our BioBlitz event on 21st June. Drawing on the success of the first BioBlitz in 2014, this year’s event was no less popular and equally as enjoyable for staff and visitors alike. This is an invaluable opportunity for the staff and Conservators to showcase the beauty of the Commons, its wildlife and to explain the conservation work we do here.

We are seeking not only to record all the species we see but to share this experience with all participants and, we hope, add to your enjoyment and understanding of the Commons, their plant and animal communities and our management aims. This very brief Update aims to give you an overview of the event and some of the highlights of the species we recorded.

BIRDS Sunday morning began with Dave Will’s Bird Walk. Well-known for his expertise, Dave’s walks are always popular and nearly 40 people joined him for his walk around Wimbledon Common. Despite the overcast start to the day, the group still logged 34 species of birds. Highlights included a pair of Reed Bunting feeding dispersed young on the Plain but undoubtedly the bird highlight of the day was almost certainly seeing, and hearing, a male Skylark singing his heart out over The Plain. Singing to mark his territory, we know he and his mate are nesting in the long grass. If we can just protect the nest until the young fledge it will make all the hard work put in by staff worthwhile. The determination of the former Natural History Sub-Committee (now the Wildlife & Conservation Forum) to do all they could to encourage Bat Walk and Mothing Evening Skylarks back is to be applauded, and we are all delighted! Our apologies for the cancellation of the Bat Walk and Mothing evening on Saturday 20th QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB June. We know how popular this event is and it was as disappointing for us as for those Quekett Miscroscopical Club are always who had wanted to attend. But with a welcome guests here on the Commons forecast of torrential downpours, lightning and, based in the Information Centre, they strikes and large hail, our bat and moth gave us an opportunity to see insects in a experts advised that we should not go ahead, very different way. They were delighted to not only for safety reasons but also the see so many of our younger visitors likelihood of any self-respecting bat or moth entranced by what they could see through flying in such weather is minimal! the macroscope. But if you need a bat fix - we do have the Pete Guest Memorial Bat Walk organised for Conservators and staff would like to say a huge thank you to all 29th July and we will reschedule the our expert volunteers, without whom this event could not have cancelled event for later in the year, possibly taken place: Les Hill, Duncan Sivell, Una Sutcliffe, John Weir, in September. Dave Wills, the Quekett Microscopical Club and the Wimbledon Common Nature Club Ranger’s Oﬃce, Manor Coage, Windmill Road, Wimbledon Common, London SW19 5NR 69 020 8788 7655 rangersoﬃ[email protected] wpcc.org.uk Plants Our plant experts this weekend were Dr Ros Taylor, one of our Conservators, and Una Sutcliffe, a previous Conservator whose knowledge of the flora of the Commons is extensive. During the walks, 23 plant species were recorded along the route, with the beautiful Southern Marsh Orchids a highlight. This is in addition to the 59 species that Ros and Una noted in the days prior to the BioBlitz. Those who joined us on the walk were impressed by the mosaic of plants as well as the simple beauty of the flowering grasses that were interspersed with Vetches, Yellow Rattle, the deeper yellow and orange of Birdsfoot Trefoil, red and white Clover, and delicate white-flowered Heath Bedstraw and Lesser Stitchwort. Particularly impressive were the swathes of Wavy Hair-grass very abundant near Bluegate pond and the crimson-flowered Grass Vetchling found mainly on the south side of The Plain. Southern Marsh Orchid Insects

Duncan Sivell, Curator of Diptera (flies) at the Natural History Museum, is a very popular walk leader at this event and his knowledge and enthusiasm for all insects rubs off on everyone. The Plain was teeming with insects; common blue butterfly, 7 spot ladybird and the red poplar beetle, which feeds only on the regenerating aspen and willow scrub, were all noted. The latter incidentally helps our management objectives of keeping The Plain open! The Hogweed patch also showed abundant diversity and at Bluegate Pond damselflies (including the Azure Damselfly pictured), Darters and Dragonflies were all note among the soft rushes and yellow Flag Iris and skimming through the Wavy Hair-grass. Azure Damselﬂy (image courtesy of David Element) Duncan also brought some beetle experts to the afternoon event and, although most of the records will not be available until later as they wait for larvae to emerge to give good identification, Duncan has reported that they did find an endangered False Click Beetle, Eucnemis capucina (Eucnemidae). Quite a rarity, it’s nearest known location is Windsor Great Park, this is excellent news for the Commons.

MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES Although the Bat Walk and Mothing event the previous evening was cancelled, our Lepidoptera expert, Les Hill from Butterfly Conservation, was able to catch a few moths in his local garden and brought them along to show us. He recorded 39 species of moths overnight, including such beauties as this Blotched Emerald. We learnt from Les last year that many moths Blotched Emerald Moth migrate from Europe and one in particular, the Bordered Straw, has been arriving in some numbers across the country but none here on the Common...until Sunday afternoon when Duncan managed to net one on The Plain, much to Les’ delight! The cloudy conditions meant that there were not as many butterflies as last year, but we recorded 8 species, including Common Blue, Speckled Wood, Large Skipper and a migrant, Painted Lady. Speckled Wood Buerﬂy Migrant Bordered Straw Moth 70 Wimbledon and Putney Commons BIOBLITZ 2015

A opportunity for you and your family to come and join us on a hunt for wildlife! Saturday 20th June ‐ from 8.30pm to midnight

 Bats and moths ‐ Discover the secrets of our night me visitors

Sunday 21st June ‐ from 8.15am to 3.30pm

 A series of walks led by local experts in birds, buerflies, insects and flora  For any one of any age or any ability ‐ a chance to increase or share your wildlife knowledge  Find out about the conservaon work we carry out on the Commons  Acvies for children led by the Wimbledon Common Nature Club  Queke Microscopical Club will be here to show you wildlife under the microscope See reverse for the full programme or contact the Ranger’s Office for more informaon Parking and refreshments available.

Windmill from The Plain

Ranger’s Oﬃce, Manor Coage, Windmill Road, Wimbledon Common London SW19 5NR ‐ 020 8788 7655 ‐ rangersoﬃ[email protected] ‐ www.wpcc.org.uk ‐ Twier @wimbledoncommon 71

Come and join local experts, the Conservators and Commons’ staﬀ and local experts, for our BioBlitz on Saturday 20th and Sunday 21st June 2015.

Saturday 20th June 8.30pm Bat Walk led by Dr Iain Boulton ‐ Meet at the Ranger’s Oﬃce at 8.30pm. Sensible footwear and warm clothing recommended, with waterproofs if the weather is poor

9.45pm Moth trapping*, Nature Trail ‐ Meet at Ranger’s Oﬃce 9.30pm. See the moths as they are aracted to a light. Sensible footwear and warm clothing suggested. A torch and, if you wish, a folding chair for extra comfort. *Note: No moths are harmed when trapped and are all released

Sunday 21st June

8.30am Bird Walk led by Dave Wills ‐ Meet at the Ranger’s Oﬃce at 8.15am

9.30am Checking the Moth Trap at the Ranger’s Oﬃce – come along and see what we’ve collected in the moth trap overnight

10.30am & 2.00pm Walk the Commons ‐ with local experts and Commons’ staﬀ – learn about the management of the Commons, spot the ﬂora and fauna in their preferred habitats.

Queke Microscopical Club will be in the Informaon Centre all day and the Wimbledon Common Nature Club will be joining the walks to entertain our younger visitors.

Ranger’s Oﬃce, Manor Coage, Windmill Road, Wimbledon Common London SW19 5NR ‐ 020 8788 7655 ‐ rangersoﬃ[email protected] ‐ www.wpcc.org.uk ‐ Twier @wimbledoncommon 72 Bioblitz plant communities - beyond the main area of The Plain - 2015 y denotes plant species not recorded on The Plain to date in 2015

Woodland Betula pendula silver birch Carex pendula pendulous sedge y Castanea sativa sweet chesttnut y Deschampsia flexuosa wavy hair grass Fagus sylvatica beech (copper) y Fraxinus excelsior ash y Ilex aquilinum holly y Juncus tenuis slender rush Molinia caeulea purple moor grass Populus tremula poplar Potentilla sterilis barren strawberry y Prunus avium wild cherry y Quercus cerris Turkey oak Quercus robur pedunculate oak Rubus fruticosus bramble Sorbus aucuparia rowan / mountain ash y Taxus baccata yew y

On the heath patch Betula pendula silver birch Calluna vulgaris heather/ ling Chamerion angustifolium rosebay willow herb y Deschampsia flexuosa wavy hair grass Juncus bufonius toad rush y Juncus effusus soft rush Juncus squarrosus heath rush Molinia careulea purple moor grass Pteridium aquilinum bracken y

Around Bluegate Chamerion angustifolium rosebay willowherb Deschampsia flexuosa wavy hair grass y Epilobium montanum broad leaved willowherb Epilobium parviflorum hoary willowherb Iris pseudacorus yellow Flag y Juncus effusus soft rush Juncus tenuis slender rush Sphagnum spp. bog moss y

Way side area near wood pile Arrhenatherum elatius false oat grass y Artemesia vulgaris mugwort y Dactylus glomeratus cocksfoot Hordeum murinum wall barley y Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy y Lolium perenne perennial rye grass

73 Matricaria recutita scented may weed y Plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain

Hogweed patch Anthriscus sylvestris agg. cow parsley Arrhenatherum elatius false oat grass Chamerion angustifolum rosebay willow herb Cirsium aravense creeping thistle Convolvulus arvensis field bind weed y Dactylis glomerata cocksfoot Equisetum arvense field horsetail y Galium aparine common cleavers Geranium dissectum cutleaved cranesbill y Heracleum sphondylium hogweed Plantago lanceolata ribwort plaintain Ranculus repens creeping buttercup Rumex acetosa common sorrel Trifolium repens white clover Urtica dioeca stinging nettle Vicia cracca tufted vetch

23 extras noted to date

78 plant species recorded on The Plain to date

59 in pre-bioblitz survey of The Plain on 18 /19 June 2015

Total pre- bioblitz is 82

74 Appendix B3 Birds Noted on the BioBlitz Walks, June 20th 2015

33 species

Common English Name Scientific Name Blackbird Turdus merula Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus Canada Goose Brunta canadensis Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Coal Tit Periparus ater Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis Coot Fulica atra Crow Corvus corone corone Dunnock Prunella modularis Garden Warbler Sylvia borin Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Herring Gull Larus argentatus Hobby Falci subbutio Jackdaw Corvus monedula Kestrel Falco tinniculus Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus Magpie Pica pica Mallard Ana platyrhynchos Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Ring-Neck Parakeet Psittacula krameri Reed Bunting Emberiza schoenicus Robin Erithacus rubecula Skylark Alauda arvensis Song Thrush Purdus philomelus Swallow Hirundo rustica Swift Apus apus Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Wood Pigeon Calumba palumbus Wren Troglodytes troglodytes

75 Appendix B4a Invertebrates Noted on the BioBlitz Walks, June 20th 2015

Common English Name Scientific Name Butterflies Common Blue Polyomattus icarus Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina Painted Lady Vanessa cardui Peacock Aglais io Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria 8 Damselflies and Dragonflies Azure Blue Damselfly Coenagrion puella Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans Common Blue damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator Four-spotted chaser Libullela quadrimaculata 5 Macromoths Blotched Emerald Comibaena bajularia Burnet Companion Euclidia glyphica Heart and Dart Agrostis exclamationis Least Carpet Idaea rustica Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata Scorched Wing Plagodis dolabraria Straw Dot Rivula sericealis Turnip Moth Agrostis segetum Yellow Shell Camptogramma billineata 9 Flies Hoverfly Xylota ambiens nationally scarce DS N.A. Megamerina dolium nationally scarce DS 2 Beetles Red poplar beetle Chrysomela populi 7- spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata 2

NB Associated searching by LNH volunteers found 34 species of bees and wasps and 90 species of beetles at BioBlitz time

76 Appendix B4b Supplementary Invertebrate Data- species noted during the BioBlitz event_DS

species order common name location 1 location 2 grid ref date habitat sex recorder determiner notes (RT) Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera Roesel's bush cricket WC The Plain TQ2372 21/06/15 meadow DS DS new Omocestus viridulus Orthoptera common green grasshopper WC The Plain TQ2372 21/06/15 meadow DS DS new Chorthippus parallelus Orthoptera meadow grasshopper WC The Plain TQ2372 21/06/15 meadow DS DS new Coenagrion puella Odonata azure damselfly WC Bluegate Pond TQ2371 21/06/15 pond margin DS DS y Enallagma cyathigerum Odonata common blue damselfly WC Bluegate Pond TQ2371 21/06/15 pond margin DS DS y Pyrrhosoma nymphula Odonata large red damselfly WC Bluegate Pond TQ2371 21/06/15 pond margin DS DS new Xylota segnis Diptera hoverfly WC Bluegate Pond TQ2371 21/06/15 pond margin DS DS new Helophilus pendulus Diptera hoverfly WC Bluegate Pond TQ2371 21/06/15 pond margin DS DS new Chrysotus gramineus Diptera dolly fly WC TQ2371 21/06/15 m DS DS new Hercostomus nigripennis Diptera dolly fly WC TQ2371 21/06/15 m&f DS DS new Suillia affinis Diptera heleomyzid fly WC TQ2371 21/06/15 f DS DS new Coenosia femoralis Diptera muscid fly WC TQ2371 21/06/15 m DS DS new Lydella stabulans Diptera parasitic fly WC TQ2371 21/06/15 f DS DS new

Key DS Duncan Sivell WC Wimbledon Common new information supplied late to add to BioBlitz record in Table B4a y information suppplied late but records already listed in B4a - data from other BioBlitz participants

77 Appendix B5 Mammals Noted During the BioBlitz Weekend, June 20th 2015 and on the Pete Guest Memorial Bat Walk July 29th 2015

Common English Name Scientific Name Specimen Tracks / signs observed noted

Daubenton’s Bat Myotis daubentonii +

Pipistrelle Pipistrellis pipistellis +

Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus +

Field vole Microtis agrestis +

Fox Vulpes vulpes +

Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis +

78 Appendix C1a Botanising in Kingston Vale, Monad (TQ2171), 20th June 2015 Report Despite the dubious weather and a difficult rendezvous point, six botanists joined Dave to record this monad for the New London Flora. We decided to look at part of Wimbledon Common in the eastern part of the square, turning our backs on the verges of the busy A3 and suburbia to the west. We began around the periphery of the playing fields of Wimbledon Common Extension, seeing the predictable abundant species: Perennial Ryegrass, Lolium perenne, Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Broad-leaved Plantain, Plantago major, White Clover, Trifolium repens, Dandelion, Taraxacum sp. and Annual Meadow-grass, Poa annua. At the edges, the vegetation was equally monotonous, with an abundance of Hogweed, Heracleum sphondyium, Wall Barley, Hordeum murinum, Cow Parsley, Anthriscus sylvestris and Nettle, Urtica dioica beneath the Pedunculate Oaks, Quercus robur, There was some relief from all the monotony in an abundance of Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, amongst the grass, and around the edges we found Brown Bent, Agrostis vinealis, Shining Cranesbill, Geranium lucidum and much Sand Spurrey, Spergularia rubra, on a well-trampled path. Then we crossed the bridge over the Beverley Brook into the wooded part of the Common, first recording in and around the brook itself. Nowadays the brook runs well all year round, as it’s charged with treated sewerage pumped from the Hogsmill works. That’s the positive aspect, but the negative is that the water is obviously eutrophic and this part of the brook is heavily shaded by recent woodland. So, there wasn’t much excitement here either. The banks were dominated by Pedunculate Oak, Grey Poplar, Populus x canescens and Sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus, over Bramble, Rubus fruticosus Agg., False Brome, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Elder, Sambucus nigra, Hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna, Holly, Ilex aquifolium, Blackthorn, Prunus spinosa, Nettle, Pendulous Sedge, Carex pendula, Red-veined Dock, Rumex sanguineus and Male-fern, Dryopteris felix-mas, but it was nice to see also a few Soft Shield-Ferns, Polystichum setiferum. There was very little vegetation in the water. Here we confirmed the expected common species of eutrophic running water: Nuttall’s Waterweed, Elodea nuttallii, Fennel Pondweed, Potamogeton pectinatus and (probably) Common Water-starwort, Callitriche stagnalis. Nearing the southern edge of the square, we stopped for lunch on a couple of fallen tree trunks before cutting across the wooded common to the public part of Warren Farm, a grassy area surrounded by secondary woodland. Here there were many flowers, mainly of common species such as Yorkshire Fog, Holcus lanatus, Meadow Foxtail, Alopecurus pratensis, Creeping Buttercup, Ranunculus repens, White Clover, Trifolium repens, Sorrel, Rumex acetosa, Creeping Thistle, Cirsium arvense, Common Mouse-ear, Cerastium fontanum Lesser Stitchwort, Stellaria graminea, and Meadow Vetchling, Lathyrus pratensis. Less common species found included a single plant of Musk- Mallow, Malva moschata, indicative of basic soil reaction and the contradictory indicator of acid conditions, Trailing St. John’s-wort, Hypericum humifusum. The latter is a new record for the 10 kilometre square TQ27 since Burton’s Flora and we spent some time celebrating it.

79 We then looked at the small part of Fishponds Wood in the monad. This wet woodland is a London Wildlife Trust reserve and has been well-documented in a management plan written by the late Pete Guest. We could add little to the species list there, but were able to confirm that the Water Starwort was Callitriche brutia. Sadly, we were also able to confirm an abundance of Australian Swamp Stonecrop, Crassula helmsii, Least Duckweed, Lemna minuta, and Small Balsam, Impatiens parviflora: striking confirmation that wetlands are susceptible to invasive aliens! From there, we made our way diagonally back through the lower wooded slopes of Wimbledon Common to our starting point. In the woodland, we were bemused at the large areas of radical “thinning” of mature Holly, accompanied by a scraping aside of the litter layer on the ground surface. We could not imagine why this should be done in a recent secondary woodland, especially as the regeneration seemed to include no special species. It comprised mainly Nettle, Bracken, Pteridium aqulinum, Rosebay Willowherb, Chamerion angustifolium and Holly. We did find one plant each of Marsh Cudweed, Gnathalium uliginosum, Common Figwort, Scrophularia nodosa, Marsh Thistle, Cirsium palustre, and Toad Rush, Juncus bufonius, indicators of well- lit, wet, acid conditions, but we somehow doubt that the aim is to return to the wet heath that was here before the Holly grew tall. Before our joint visit, Dave had already quartered the whole monad earlier in the year, finding a total of 241 species in 24 hours’ field work. Our visit to a much smaller part of the monad over four hours found 161 species, of which 40 were additional to Dave’s previous findings, bringing the total up to 281 species. These extra species were generally of low abundance and those that become evident later in the year: e.g. Vicia tetrasperma, Torilis japonica, Meadow Vetchling, Trailing St John’s-wort, Common Figwort, Musk Mallow, and some of the grasses. In contrast, the 120 previously-recorded species that we failed to find were predominantly found in the suburbs to the west of the monad: e.g. Scarlett Pimpernell, Anagallis arvensis, American Winter- cress, Barbarea verna, Sticky mouse-ear, Cerastium glomeratum, Petty Spurge, Euphorbia peplus, Druce's crane's-bill, Geranium x oxonianum, Henbit Deadnettle, Lamium amplexicaule, Purple Toadflax, Linaria purpurea, Spotted Medick, Medicago arabica, Procumbent Yellow-Sorrell, Oxalis corniculata, Yellow Corydalis, Pseudofumaria lutea and Mind-your-own- business, Soleirolia soleirolii. Clearly a good species list requires a good search of the whole monad, not something that can be done in one day. Dave Dawson

80 Appendix C1b Botanising in Kingston Vale Plant Data 2015 Kingston Vale Monad (TQ2171). The 161 species found on a 4.1 hour visit of 20th June 2015 by LNHS. The “Abund” is an approximate index to abundance, plants per hour. Callitriche brutia found in Fishponds Wood was identified from its fruit. The C. stagnalis and Potamogeton pectinalis were in the Beverley Brook

Species Abund Crepis vesicaria 0.2 Acer campestre 0.2 Dactylis glomerata 4.9 Acer platanoides 0.5 Digitalis purpurea 0.2 Acer pseudoplatanus 0.5 Dryopteris dilatata 0.2 Achillea millefolium 243.9 Dryopteris filix-mas 26.8 Aegopodium podagraria 0.2 Elodea nuttallii 24.4 Aesculus hippocastanum 0.2 Epilobium hirsutum 2.4 Agrostis capillaris 4.9 Epilobium montanum 4.9 Agrostis stolonifera 2.4 Epilobium obscurum 0.2 Agrostis vinealis 2.4 Equisetum arvense 0.2 Alliaria petiolata 5.1 Fallopia japonica 2.4 Alopecurus pratensis 24.4 Festuca rubra 5.1 Angelica sylvestris 0.2 Ficaria verna ssp. fertilis 24.4 Anisantha sterilis 0.2 Fraxinus excelsior 0.7 Anthoxanthum odoratum 2.4 Galium aparine 0.5 Anthriscus sylvestris 24.4 Geranium dissectum 0.2 Arctium minus agg. 0.2 Geranium lucidum 0.2 Arrhenatherum elatius 27.1 Geranium pusillum 2.4 Artemisia vulgaris 2.4 Geranium robertianum 2.4 Atriplex patula 0.2 Geum urbanum 5.1 Ballota nigra 0.2 Glechoma hederacea 2.7 Bellis perennis 2.4 Glyceria fluitans 0.2 Betula pendula 2.4 Gnaphalium uliginosum 0.2 Brachypodium sylvaticum 24.4 Hedera helix 26.8 Bromus hordeaceus 0.2 Heracleum sphondylium 29.3 Bryonia dioica 0.2 Hirschfeldia incana 2.4 Callitriche brutia 243.9 Holcus lanatus 268.3 Callitriche stagnalis 24.4 Hordeum murinum 24.4 Campanula poscharskyana 0.2 Humulus lupulus 0.5 Capsella bursa-pastoris 0.2 Hypericum humifusum 0.2 Cardamine flexuosa 24.4 Hypericum perforatum 0.2 Carex pendula 27.1 Hypochaeris radicata 4.9 Carex remota 4.9 Ilex aquifolium 29.3 Carpinus betulus 0.2 Impatiens parviflora 49.0 Cerastium fontanum 24.6 Iris pseudacorus 0.2 Chamerion angustifolium 27.1 Juncus bufonius 0.2 Circaea lutetiana 4.9 Juncus effusus 0.2 Cirsium arvense 26.8 Juncus tenuis 2.7 Cirsium palustre 0.2 Lactuca serriola 0.2 Cirsium vulgare 0.5 Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum 0.2 Corylus avellana 4.9 Lamium album 0.2 Crassula helmsii 243.9 Lapsana communis 0.5 Crataegus monogyna 2.7 Lathyrus pratensis 24.4 Crepis capillaris 2.7 Lemna minuta 243.9

81 Lepidium didymum 4.9 Rubus fruticosus agg. 51.2 Lolium perenne 2463.4 Rumex acetosa subsp. acetosa 24.4 Lonicera japonica 2.4 Rumex acetosella 2.4 Lonicera periclymenum 24.4 Rumex crispus subsp. crispus 4.9 Lotus corniculatus 246.3 Rumex obtusifolius 0.2 Lunaria annua 0.5 Rumex sanguineus var. viridis 24.4 Lycium barbarum 2.4 Sagina procumbens 0.2 Lycopus europaeus 0.2 Salix cinerea 0.2 Malus pumila 0.2 Salix x fragilis agg. 2.4 Malva moschata 0.2 Sambucus nigra 2.9 Malva sylvestris 2.4 Scrophularia nodosa 0.2 Matricaria discoidea 24.4 Scutellaria galericulata 0.2 Medicago lupulina 0.2 Senecio jacobaea 0.5 Myosotis sylvatica 0.2 Sisymbrium officinale 0.2 Papaver somniferum 0.2 Solanum dulcamara 0.2 Pentaglottis sempervirens 0.5 Sonchus oleraceus 0.5 Persicaria hydropiper 24.4 Sorbus aucuparia 2.4 Persicaria maculosa 2.4 Spergularia rubra 24.4 Phleum bertolonii 24.4 Stachys sylvatica 2.7 Phleum pratense 2.4 Stellaria graminea 244.1 Plantago lanceolata 0.2 Stellaria media 0.5 Plantago major 243.9 Syringa vulgaris 2.4 Poa annua 29.3 Taraxacum sp. 24.9 Poa trivialis 27.3 Taxus baccata 0.2 Polygonum aviculare 0.2 Torilis japonica 0.2 Polystichum setiferum 0.2 Tragopogon pratensis 2.4 Populus tremula 2.4 Trifolium pratense 2.4 Populus x canescens 26.8 Trifolium repens 487.8 Potamogeton pectinatus 243.9 Ulmus procera 2.4 Potentilla reptans 0.5 Urtica dioica 317.1 Primula vulgaris 2.4 Veronica chamaedrys 2.4 Prunella vulgaris 0.2 Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia 24.4 Prunus spinosa 7.3 Vicia tetrasperma 2.4 Pteridium aquilinum 273.2 Vulpia myuros 2.4 Quercus cerris 0.2 Quercus robur 51.5 Ranunculus repens 246.3 Rosa arvensis 0.2 Rosa canina 0.2 Rubus caesius 0.2