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Pionerbosetningens Fenomenologi Sørvest-Norge Og Nord-Europa 10 200/10 000–9500 BP AM-Profil 6 Arkeologisk Museum I Stavanger Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger

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Pionerbosetningens Fenomenologi Sørvest-Norge Og Nord-Europa 10 200/10 000–9500 BP AM-Profil 6 Arkeologisk Museum I Stavanger Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger AM 6 INGRID FUGLESTVEDT Pionerbosetningens fenomenologi Sørvest-Norge og Nord-Europa 10 200/10 000–9500 BP AM-Profil 6 Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger Redaksjon/Editorial office: Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger Redaktør av serien/Editor of the series: Lotte Selsing Redaktør av dette volum/Editor of this volume: Lotte Selsing Redaksjonssekretær/Editorial secretary: Tove Solheim Andersen Formgiving/Layout: Tove Solheim Andersen Redaksjonsutvalg/Editorial board: Tove Solheim Andersen Arne Johan Nærøy Einar Solheim Pedersen Lotte Selsing Utgiver/Publisher: Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger PO Box 478 N-4002 STAVANGER NORWAY Tel.: (+47) 51846000 Fax: (+47) 51846199 E-mail: [email protected] Stavanger 28.11.2005 ISSN 2387-5437 ISBN 82-7760-122-0 Forsideillustrasjon: Ingrid Fuglestvedt Front page illustration: Ingrid Fuglestvedt Abstract Fuglestvedt, I. 2005: Phenomenology of the Pioneer Settlement: Southwest Norway and North Europe 10 200 / 10 000 – 9500 BP. AM-Profil 6, 288 pp. incl. tables and figures, Stavanger. ISSN 0809.618X, ISBN 2387-5437 The Phenomenology of the Pioneer Settlement aims at an understanding of the earliest colonization of South-Western Norway from the perspective of a North European Late Upper Palaeolithic tradition. The period studied covers the time span 10 200 / 10 000 – 9500 BP. The Ahrensburg group of the Continent is understood as a parallel to, or the «same», as the oldest part of the Norwegian Fosna Tradition due to a renewed investigation of the lithic assemblages in Norway in comparison to Continental find assemblages. With the use of a phenomenological framework, this work studies the pioneer experiences and the pioneer condition in different perspectives. A basic precondition is the recognition that the plains of the European Continent on the one side, and the rocky, mountainous landscapes along the south-western and western Norwegian coast on the other, appeared as distinct «worlds» – the homely, habitual world of the Continent in contrast to the alien world on the far side of the Norwegian Trench (parts of today’s North Sea). The pioneer process as a social process and a process of enculturation of a new landscape is investigated by way of phenomenological concepts such as intentionality, body, intersubjectivity and life world. The Late Upper Palaeolithic tradition of blade technique could be seen as fragments of a total bodily knowledge and expression. The «sameness» in technology which can be observed in Continental and Norwegian site assemblages, is understood as the pioneer people’s productions and reproductions of this traditional knowledge, but applied in a different landscape context from which it originated, i.e. the Late Upper Palaeolithic of the Continent. The physical contrasts between the old and the new world thus imply bodily conditions involving encounters of «usefulness and resistance» constituting the specific meaning given to the unknown lands. Thus, the new environments were imprinted on the pioneer people’s experiences and provided a basis for understandings of their «connection» or «origin» with the new lands. The pioneer experiences implied an extension of the Ahrensburgians’ original life world. The groups’ understanding of their connection to the new world – i.e. developments of «origin myths» – is investigated by way of general discussions of landscape perceptions. I interpret the emergence of a «social definition» of the new world as an intersubjectively process taking place over a long time span. This «long process» is explained as partly due to strong egalitarian structures of the Late Upper Palaeolithic societies. The triggering factors for the expansion into the foreign landscapes of the Land Beyond are investigated as a manifold phenomenon. A basic understanding regards general human existential conditions, like transcendence and agency. I have further put substantial weight on the role of the reindeer; however, not in a traditional «determinist» way. Without excluding the possibility of a variable resource base, I argue that the Ahrensburgian groups, or segments of them, had a strong solidarity with reindeer and reindeer herds – bodily, ideologically and socially – all of which are seen as inextricably linked. The Ahrensburgians were The Reindeer People, and moving into new lands, as the climatic conditions for this species moved northwards, is understood as the groups’ quest for preserving an identity. This ideological factor, seen in combination with social processes connected to subtle relations of power and prestige, is understood as relevant backgrounds to understanding the pioneer settlement in Norway. Ingrid Fuglestvedt, Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historiske studier (IAKH) (Institute of Archaeology, Conservation and Historical Studies) PO Box 1008 Blindern, NO-0315 OSLO Telephone: (+47) 22 84 19 41. Fax: (+47) 22 84 19 01. E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Late Upper Palaeolithic, Early Mesolithic, Northern Europe, Southwest Norway, phenomenology, pioneer settlement, hunter-gatherers, reindeer Emneord: Senpaleolitikum, tidligmesolitikum, Nord-Europa, Sørvest-Norge, fenomenologi, pionerbosetning, jegere-sankere, reinsdyr Til mine foreldre Innhold 0 Forord .......................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Fenomenologiske veier til pionerbosetningen ........................................................................ 11 Innledning ................................................................................................................................... 12 Pionerbegrepet ....................................................................................................................... 12 Pionerbosetningen ................................................................................................................. 13 Målsetning og problemstilling .............................................................................................. 13 …men hva er fenomenologi? ................................................................................................ 14 Fenomenologi som holdning, stil eller metode ..................................................................... 15 Sentrale begreper i Husserls fenomenologi ................................................................................ 17 Psykologismekritikken .......................................................................................................... 17 Intensjonalitet ........................................................................................................................ 19 Akt, mening og gjenstand...................................................................................................... 22 Vesen og eidetisk variasjon ................................................................................................... 24 Fremtredelse, evidens (intuisjon) og sannhet ........................................................................ 25 Epoché og reduksjon – til saken selv! ................................................................................... 27 Tiden ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Kroppen ................................................................................................................................. 31 Intersubjektivitet.................................................................................................................... 32 Livsverden ............................................................................................................................. 36 Husserl og forholdet mellom subjekt-objekt og realisme-idealisme: En oppsummering ....................................................................................................................... 39 Fenomenologi og post-prosessuell arkeologi: Diskusjon ........................................................... 41 Til saken selv! Fenomenologi og pionerbosetningen ................................................................. 45 2 Pionertidens landskap: Skisse av en verden i forandring .................................................... 47 Innledning I ................................................................................................................................ 47 Innledning II : Pleistocen – Holocen og paleolitikum – mesolitikum ........................................ 48 5 Pionertiden: Vegetasjon, klima og dyreliv.................................................................................. 50 Bakgrunn ............................................................................................................................... 50 Vegetasjon og klima under pionertiden ................................................................................. 56 Dyreliv under pionertiden ..................................................................................................... 59 Senpaleolittisk og tidligmesolittisk bosetning på Doggerland ................................................... 60 Stemning og kontrast cirka 10 000 BP ....................................................................................... 63 Doggerland og Hinsidesland ......................................................................................................64 3 Doggerland og Hinsidesland 10 200 – 9 500 BP: Materialoversikt
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