JERASH WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING STATEMENT

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project

Prepared by CDM International for United States Agency for International Development under Global Architecture and Engineering IQC USAID Contract No. EDH-I-00-08-00023-00 Task Order 02

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ)

April 2011

This Publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by CDM International Inc.

Jerash Wastewater Treatment System Environmental Scoping Statement

Jonathan French, PhD Prepared by: Date: 20 February 2011 Khaled Al Akhras, PhD Max Clark, Mohammad Sutari, Mehran Reviewed by: Date: 23 February 2011 Meserlian, Dave Doran

Approved by: Richard Minkwitz Date: 24 February 2011

Revised to incorporate USAID comments Date: April 2011

Disclaimer The author's views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ...... iii LIST OF TABLES ...... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... v LIST OF UNITS ...... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I SECTION 1 - Introduction ...... 1 SECTION 2 - Environmental Assessment Process ...... 2 . 2.1 Background ...... 2 . 2.2 Scoping Session ...... 2 . 2.3 Scoping Statement ...... 3 . 2.4 Environmental Assessment Report ...... 3

SECTION 3 - Jerash City and Governorate ...... 4 . 3.1 General ...... 4 . 3.2 Geography and Climate ...... 4 . 3.3 Population and History ...... 4 . 3.4 Agriculture and Industry ...... 4 . 3.5 Water Supply ...... 4 . 3.6 Wastewater Collection ...... 8 . 3.6.1 East Catchment ...... 8 . 3.6.2 West Catchment ...... 9 . 3.7 Wastewater Treatment ...... 11 . 3.7.1 East WWTP ...... 11 . 3.7.2 West WWTP ...... 15 . 3.7.3 Wastewater Transfer Options ...... 16 . 3.8 Effluent Routes ...... 17 . 3.8.1 East WWTP ...... 17 . 3.8.2 West WWTP ...... 17 . 3.8.3 Industrial Wastes ...... 18 . 3.8.4 Effluent Reuse ...... 19 SECTION 4 - Scope of the Jerash Project Task ...... 20 . 4.1 General ...... 20 . 4.2 Phase I – Master Plan, Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment ...... 20 . 4.2.1 Master Plan ...... 20 . 4.2.2 Feasibility Study ...... 20 . 4.2.3 Environmental Assessment ...... 21 . 4.3 Phase II Final Design ...... 21 Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash i

Table of Contents

SECTION 5 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts ...... 22 . 5.1 Environmental Impacts ...... 22

SECTION 6 - Summary and Next Actions ...... 24 . 6.1 Significant Issues Within and Beyond this Project ...... 24 . 6.2 Proposed Approach to Address Significant Issues ...... 25 . 6.3 Schedule for Preparation of the Environmental Assessment Report...... 25

SECTION 7 - References ...... 27 APPENDIX A - Organizations Consulted ...... A-1 APPENDIX B - Proceedings of Scoping Session ...... B-1 APPENDIX C - Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria ...... C-1 APPENDIX D - Soil Analysis ...... D-1 APPENDIX E - Nomenclature ...... E-1

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1 Jerash Governorate and the Jerash Wastewater System ...... 5 Figure 3-2 Citrus harvest in Wadi Jerash with an extensive olive plantation visible uphill of the orange trees ...... 6 Figure 3-3 A herd of goats in Wadi Jerash ...... 6 Figure 3-4 Wadi Jerash Upstream of the East WWTP ...... 7 Figure 3-5 Wadi Amamah Downstream from the West WWTP ...... 7 Figure 3-6 Jerash Wastewater Collection System ...... 8 Figure 3-7 A typical narrow alley in Mukhayyam Gaza ...... 10 Figure 3-8 Satellite view of Al Akedar sludge lagoon disposal facility ...... 11 Figure 3-9 Proposed improvements at the East WWTP ...... 13 Figure 3-10 The East WWTP from the chlorine contact tanks looking toward the initial process facility ...... 14 Figure 3-11 Effluent discharge to Wadi Jerash ...... 15 Figure 3-12 A view of the West WWTP ...... 16 Figure 3-13 Effluent channel from West WWTP in the Wadi Amamah ...... 16 Figure 3-14 Alternatives routes for raw wastewater transfer from the East WWTP to the West WWTP...... 17 Figure 3-15 A spring in Wadi Amamah ...... 18 Figure 3-16 Black water flow in Wadi Amamah that may be olive mill waste ...... 19

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 5-1 Environmental Impacts of Work on the Sewerage Systems ...... 22 Table 5-2 Environmental Impacts of Work on the Wastewater Treatment Plants ...... 23 Table 6-1 Significant Issues ...... 24 Table 6-2 Proposed Outline of the Environmental Assessment Report ...... 26

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AWC Aqaba Water Company BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CC Consolidated Consultants CEC Consulting Engineering Center CIP Capital Improvement Program or Capital Investment Project COD Chemical Oxidation Demand Dia. Diameter DIP Ductile Iron Pipe DO Dissolved Oxygen DoS Department of Statistics DLS Department of Land and Survey EAS Environmental Assessment Study EA Environmental Assessment EL Elevation FOG Fat, Oil and Grease GIS Geographic Information System GoJ Government of Jordan HC Household Connection

H2S Hydrogen Sulfide I/I Infiltration/Inflow Inv. Invert JD Jordanian Dinar JS Jordanian Standard MH Manhole MoE Ministry of Environment MoMA Ministry of Municipal Affairs MWI Ministry of Water and Irrigation NWMP National Water Master Plan NRW Non-Revenue Water O&M Operation & Maintenance PF Peaking Factor PS Pump Station PVC Polyvinyl Chloride QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe TDS Total Dissolved Solids TSS Total Suspended Solids USAID The United States Agency for International Development UV Ultra Violet VOCs Volatile Organic Carbons WAJ Water Authority of Jordan WIP Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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LIST OF UNITS cm centimeter oC degrees Celsius d, D day Dunum 1,000 square meters ha hectare (10,000 square meters) h, hr hour JD Jordanian Dinar kg kilogram km kilometer kPa kilo Pascal kV kilovolt kVA kilovolt ampere L, l liter lpcd liters per capita per day L/s, l/s liter per second m meter m2 square meter m3 cubic meter m3/d cubic meter per day m3/h cubic meter per hour m3/s cubic meter per second m/s meter per second MCM million cubic meters MCM/y million cubic meters per year mg milligram min minute ML/d megaliters per day mm millimeter Pa Pascal s second Y, y year

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the Environmental Scoping Report for wastewater system improvements to be made in the City and Governorate of Jerash, Jordan, by Ministry of Water and Irrigation/Water Authority of Jordan (MWI/WAJ) and USAID. Recently, USAID launched the Jordan Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project (WIP). This multitask project is undertaken for the Government of Jordan through the MWI/WAJ and USAID. It includes tasks in the Greater Amman area and in the governorates of Zarqa, Jerash, Ma’an, and Tafilah. In Jerash, the main objective of the WIP project is to assess and evaluate the ability of the wastewater treatment plants, both the East Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and West WWTP, and the wastewater networks to meet the demands forecast up to the design horizon (2035), to identify alternatives to provide the required capacity, to study effluent reuse options, and to evaluate and recommend the most feasible option to handle the flows during the design period. In addition, the project improvements are to include planning for the reinforcement of the existing trunk sewers and local sewer networks, addition of more house connections to the sewerage system, planning, design and preparation of bid documents for the upgrade and expansion of the existing East WWTP, evaluation of piping routes and capacities to divert some flow from the East WWTP to the newly constructed Jerash West WWTP, and evaluation of impacts on the receiving water channels downstream of the two WWTPs. Environmental issues identified to date are: . The East WWTP is hydraulically overloaded in wet weather due to infiltration and inflow in its tributary sewer systems; this in turn leads to untreated or poorly treated overflows to its discharge channel, the Wadi Jerash. The 1991 design report prepared for WAJ had a design year of 2005 however only three quarters of the design was implemented. . Furthermore, the East WWTP is organically overloaded due to heavily concentrated loads resulting from low water consumptions and presence of food processing wastes discharged to tributary sewers; this in turn leads to effluent quality that fails to meet Jordanian wastewater discharge standards in general, and water quality suitable for many irrigable crops in particular. The 1991 design report prepared for WAJ consider a biological loading almost half the current wastewater strength. . Such overloading at the East WWTP, together with the generally poor condition of the plant due to the age of the facility and level of preventative/corrective maintenance, has led to complaints of odors from residents in the neighborhood. There has been a significant local sentiment to remove the East WWTP altogether from its site and replace it with a new plant near the Zarqa River several kilometers away. On the one hand, this would not only get the plant and its adverse impacts “out of town”, but also relieve the Wadi Jerash of poorly-treated effluent, and enable other communities to become tributary to the new plant by gravity sewerage. On the other hand, the cost for such a move would require careful consideration of the financial impacts and the potential effects on residents in that area. The West WWTP is new. It has only recently (early 2011) begun operation and is currently receiving only a small amount of wastewater flow from the tributary sewered areas and villages. This is because construction of house connections has severely lagged behind construction of the West WWTP itself and the tributary sewered areas. A particular challenge will be to install lateral sewers and house connections in Mukhayyam Gaza (Gaza Refugee Camp). This camp is composed of concrete buildings along narrow

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Executive Summary

concrete pathways, which makes it difficult and expensive to install house connections and sewer pipes. . Construction of the West WWTP has terminated abruptly at its downstream boundary, without provision of an effluent channel in Wadi Amamah, or consideration of water quality impacts downstream. Yet there are numerous springs and shallow wells constructed along the Wadi Amamah from which irrigation water is pumped to irrigate citrus, olive groves, fields of vegetables and herbs, and to provide domestic water supply for the local houses and farms. . “Jerash WWTP Effluent Reuse Study, CDM, February 2011, a part of the WIP project for Jerash, finds that the East WWTP effluent has a sodium-absorption ratio and concentrations of lithium and boron that are not suitable for irrigating any agricultural production other than olive groves. (Such an analysis of the West WWTP must await the growth of flows into and out of that plant.) Obviously, then, an objective of the project is to improve effluent quality to be acceptable to meet Jordanian standards.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash II

SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION

For over two decades, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has been engaged in supporting Government of Jordan (GoJ) water sector activities. These activities respond to Jordan’s urgent need to increase water availability for economic growth, and for the well-being of its people through improved management and improved infrastructure. Recently, USAID launched the Jordan Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project (WIP). This multitask project is undertaken for the GoJ through the Ministry of Water and Irrigation/Water Authority of Jordan (MWI/WAJ) and USAID. It includes tasks in the Greater Amman area and in the governorates of Zarqa, Jerash, Ma’an, and Tafilah. In Jerash, the WIP is preparing to implement recommendations to build or extend wastewater treatment facilities. One task under WIP is to prepare a feasibility study and design for the expansion/upgrade of the East Jerash wastewater treatment plant to address the fact that the East WWTP is hydraulically overloaded in wet weather and severely biologically overloaded. The main objective of the Jerash Wastewater System improvements project is to assess and evaluate the wastewater system (networks, treatment plants, and outfall arrangements), to determine the most feasible option to handle the flows during the design period, to study effluent reuse options, and to implement the work. This scoping statement is part of the environmental assessment process for this project, as explained in the next section. It is largely based on background data and information for the proposed remedial activities gathered and reported in the Water/Wastewater Forecasts Study (December 2010) and the Jerash WWTP Effluent Reuse Study (February 2011), both prepared by CDM for USAID and WAJ.

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SECTION 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS

2.1 BACKGROUND For every USAID project that includes planned development of infrastructure construction, there must be an Environmental Assessment (EA). The EA is a process used to identify and predict the environmental consequences of a newly planned activity and to assist in planning appropriate measures to reduce the adverse effects, and to maximize environmental benefits, before permitting the activity to proceed. The EA is a practical and valuable means for guiding decision makers in charge of project implementation. It provides the decision makers with reasonably accurate information concerning existing environmental conditions, potentially significant environmental impacts and possible mitigation measures, monitoring programs, opportunities for environmental enhancement and environmental management plans. The fundamental steps in the Environmental Assessment of a project are the Scoping Session, the Scoping Statement, the Environmental Assessment Report, and environmental monitoring of the project. For a proposed project, “Scoping” is an EA activity which: . Identifies those attributes of the environment for which there are concerns; and . Provides a plan that enables the EA team to focus on those attributes. Scoping is a shared responsibility where the proponent government agencies, the Jerash Governorate, the WAJ, USAID, and the public, all have a role. The Scoping Session is part of this process. 2.2 SCOPING SESSION The Scoping Session is a meeting of key individuals involved with the project, including representatives from: . USAID: The funding agency, . MWI/WAJ: The implementing agency, . Ministry of Environment (MoE), . CDM: The funding agency’s engineers, . Appropriate Jordanian national ministries (e.g. Ministries of Health, Housing, Agriculture), . The Governorate of Jerash, . The City and Municipality, and . Interested local persons such as farmers, landowners, and business people. In the Scoping Session, usually held early in the project time schedule, the engineers present what they intend to design and build, for whom, and where. The engineers also list the positive and negative environmental impacts that can be anticipated, and to be dealt with properly. The other attendees are invited to add their own concerns and observations to the list, and so bring them to the attention of the government, the funding agency, and the engineers. For this project, the Scoping Session was held in Jerash Governorate on Wednesday, January 19, 2011. A full report of the proceedings may be found in Appendix B. The environmental issues raised at the Scoping Session are discussed in Section 4 of this Environmental Scoping Statement.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 2 Section 2 – Environmental Assessment Process 2.3 SCOPING STATEMENT The Environmental Scoping Statement: . Provides an environmental overview of the study area; . Describes the proposed engineering actions; . Summarizes the proceedings of the Scoping Session (i.e. who was invited, who attended, and the environmental issues presented, raised, and discussed); . States the environmental concerns recognized by the project team, including those brought up in the Scoping Session; . Summarizes the environmental concerns to be addressed in carrying out the proposed engineering measures of the project, as well as listing the concerns that must be deferred to a later project. . Indicates the proposed approach to address the significant issues; and, . Provides a schedule for preparing the environmental analysis. The Scoping Statement is thus a plan that sets the direction for the full Environmental Assessment Report. The Scoping Statement is formally reviewed by USAID, MoE and MWI/WAJ. Once it is approved, engineering work on the project will continue, and the Environmental Assessment team can proceed to develop the full Environmental Assessment Report. 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT The Environmental Assessment Report shall describe this project, its beneficial and adverse impacts upon the local environment, and upon the health and well-being of the local residents. Based on the technical information gathered in past and present studies, and on the comments and questions raised in the Scoping Session, the Environmental Assessment Report is to: . Rate the environmental issues according to their importance, . Investigate further those issues deemed most important, . Recommend ways to minimize or at least mitigate the most significant of the foreseen adverse impacts, . Recommend ways to take advantage of the beneficial impacts, and . Outline a scope and schedule for environmental monitoring. The environmental analysis is to be undertaken as soon as the proposed engineering measures have been decided upon. It will be based on relevant information already collected from the Project’s effluent reuse study, the feasibility study, the master plan, and environmental scoping studies, as well as possible further field studies and interviews. A proposed outline for the Environmental Assessment Report may be found in Table 6-2

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SECTION 3 - JERASH CITY AND GOVERNORATE

3.1 GENERAL Jerash, the Gerasa of Antiquity, is the capital and largest city of Jerash Governorate, located about 45 km north of Amman as shown in Figure 3-1. Jerash is the second-most popular tourist attraction in Jordan, close behind the ruins of Petra. The ruins of Jerash have been carefully preserved and are surrounded by the modern city lying to the east and west of ancient Jerash's city walls. 3.2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE The physical geography of Jerash Governorate varies from mountains more than 1200 m above mean sea level to fertile valleys 250 to 300 m above mean sea level. The topography of the study area is characterized by hilly ridges separated by deeply-cut wadis (for example, see Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3 ). The soil is generally sandy loam or clayey loam (Appendix D), underlain by very porous karst limestone formations which are easily contaminated by seepage from household cesspools. It is suitable for growing a wide variety of crops, predominately hillside groves of olives and citrus (Figure 3-2 ) and herding of goats and sheep (Figure 3-3 ). Rainfall amounts to 80 to 100 mm per month in the rainfall season, decreasing to near zero in the summer. Usually the rainfall season extends from November to March in northern Jordan including Jerash. The mean monthly temperature ranges from 20C in the winter (from December to February) with occasional light snowfall on the mountains to 300C in the summer (from June to August). 3.3 POPULATION AND HISTORY Jerash has been inhabited for several millennia. According to the census of the Jordanian Department of Statistics (DOS) in 2004, Jerash Governorate’s population was 153,602. The DOS estimated Jerash Governorate population in 2009 is approximately 180,000 with about 37,000 living in the city of Jerash. This translates into a yearly growth rate of 3.2% for the Governorate. 3.4 AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY Besides tourism, the principal industries are those that serve agriculture and animal husbandry: a slaughterhouse to dispatch chickens and sheep, olive mills, cottage-industry lebneh (condensed yoghurt) production, and citrus processing plants. In addition to the citrus and olive groves, agriculture includes planted fields of herbs and vegetables. 3.5 WATER SUPPLY Groundwater emerges from numerous springs, most but not all of which are in the wadi thalwegs. The major springs are managed by the WAJ; the minor ones are tapped privately. Some springs are ancient: one in particular is a significant water supply for the city and is graced with Roman-era statuary, yet covered with a modern roof. The need to protect these springs from contamination resulted in construction of the existing sewerage system and current rehabilitation of upstream sewers. A new, major water source is a field of deep wells at Mashtal Faisal, on the bank of the Zarqa River; the water produced there is slightly brackish, which resulted in the construction by WAJ of a reverse- osmosis filtration plant. Situated just upstream of the junction of the Wadi Jerash with the Zarqa River, no contamination of these deep wells by the East WWTP (or the West WWTP, for that matter) is foreseen. Contamination of the springs by wastewater flows (septic tanks) and exfiltration from leaking sewers in the wadis is a present problem and future concern.

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-1 Jerash Governorate and the Jerash Wastewater System

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-2 Citrus harvest in Wadi Jerash with an extensive olive plantation visible uphill of the orange trees

Figure 3-3 A herd of goats in Wadi Jerash

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-4 provides a view of Wadi Jerash, just upstream and in a northerly direction from the East WWTP. Part of the effluent flow in the wadi is caught by a lateral concrete channel along the west side of the wadi that irrigates hillside agriculture for several kilometers downstream. Another concrete channel on the east side of the wadi collects spring water for agricultural irrigation of areas downstream along the east side of the wadi. Goats with their herder (in blue shirt) forage along the wadi. A black irrigation hose leads up the far bank. Plantations of citrus and olives grow on the banks. Figure 3-5 provides a view of the deeply-cut Wadi Amamah near its downstream end. Wadi Amamah is the route for the treated effluent from the West WWTP. Base flow is entirely underground, reachable mostly by the deep roots of a few trees. The banks show the typical footpaths worn by years of goat and sheep traffic. An irrigated grove, perhaps of olives, is on the hilltop.

Figure 3-4 Wadi Jerash Upstream of the East WWTP

Figure 3-5 Wadi Amamah Downstream from the West WWTP

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-6 Jerash Wastewater Collection System 3.6 WASTEWATER COLLECTION 3.6.1 East Catchment The sewer system tributary to the East WWTP is shown in Figure 3-1, and in more detail in Figure 3-6 . This system has about 150 km of existing sewer networks. The East WWTP was constructed in 1982 with 3 a design capacity of 1,155 m /day and a BOD5 concentration of 800 mg/L. The plant was upgraded in 1992 to its current hydraulic capacity of 3,750 m3/d. Extended aeration was adopted as the treatment process in the plant. Currently the plant is working at approximately 88 percent of the hydraulic design capacity. However, the biological load is nearly double the design load and the effluent is not meeting the Jordanian effluent standard for wadi discharge. The construction of sewers in the East Catchment began in the early 1980s in the Jerash old town areas. Subsequently, the network was expanded, on an ad-hoc basis, to serve newly developed areas. A major expansion of the sewer system began in 1995 to serve the communities of Soof, Deir Al Liyyat, Muqbileh, Mukhayyam Soof (a refugee camp) and their neighborhoods. Later expansions in scattered or newly developed areas have been constructed. The existing sewer system comprises networks ranging in diameter from 200-500 mm and about 8,000 house connections of 150mm diameter. There are plans to serve An-Nabi Hood, a town to the southeast of the East WWTP. There are small villages such as Asfoor and Zaqreet that are not currently served. The sewer network includes two interceptors: Jerash town interceptor (250-350 mm diameter) and Soof interceptor (300-500 mm diameter). The interceptors are independent of each other, although they run parallel along the same road for about 1.6 kilometers.

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Notice that the grid of lateral sewers is much denser in Mukhayyam Soof than in Soof City or Jerash City. A “mukhayyam” is a Palestinian refugee camp, laid out with streets and alleys wide enough for pedestrians, carts and bicycles, but not wide enough to accommodate any but the smallest trucks. Such spacing is to be expected in a city of temporary tents, but with the passage of time, the buildings and many of the pathways have been made of concrete. This makes construction of buried sewer lines difficult, and the actual construction of the sewer network shown for Mukhayyam Soof in Figure 3-6 is an achievement to be applauded. The projected population for the east catchment is as shown below.

Locality Population 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Soof 13,638 14,094 16,338 18,648 21,006 23,329 25,619 Deir Al-Liyyat 2,835 2,930 3,396 3,876 4,367 4,850 5,326 Muqbileh 1,939 2,004 2,323 2,651 2,987 3,317 3,642 Asfoor 899 929 1,077 1,229 1,385 1,538 1,689 Mukhayyam Soof 12,446 12,862 14,910 17,018 19,170 21,290 23,380 Jerash 30,301 31,313 36,300 41,432 46,671 51,832 56,919 An-Nabi Hood 1,098 1,135 1,315 1,501 1,691 1,878 2,063 TOTAL 63,156 65,265 75,660 86,357 97,276 108,034 118,637

3.6.2 West Catchment The sewer system tributary to the West WWTP is highlighted in green in Figure 3-6. It is formed of two branches. The more northerly brings flows from sewered areas of Sakeb, Raimoon, and Ketteh by gravity to the plant. It also brings flows from the other Palestinian camp in the region, Mukhayyem Gaza, but the effort to effectively sewer this settlement, also consisting of concrete structures and very narrow alleys (Figure 3-7 ), has not yet been undertaken. Sewage is carried in open channels and discharged into a manhole on the recently-built sewer system. Position as the president

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-7 A typical narrow alley in Mukhayyam Gaza

The more southerly branch of the west system serves part of Raimoon and the town of Nahleh. The flow is to be lifted to join the northerly branch by the Ain Deek Pump Station. Future WAJ proposed sewerage to the West WWTP would serve the west districts of Jerash City, Daher El Sero, and the town of Al Jbarat (Figure 3-6 ). A number of small, outlying communities would continue to rely on on-site disposal systems. The sewer system has been constructed, but the pace of connections from houses has been slow, and only in early 2011 has the West WWTP begun to receive flow. The projected population for the west catchment is as shown below.

Locality Population 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Daher As-Srou 6,662 6,885 7,982 9,110 10,262 11,397 12,515 Sakeb 11,952 12,351 14,318 16,343 18,409 20,445 22,452 Ketteh 6,826 7,054 8,178 9,334 10,514 11,677 12,823 Raimoon 7,336 7,581 8,788 10,031 11,299 12,549 13,781 Nahleh 3,674 3,797 4,401 5,024 5,659 6,285 6,902 Al-Haddadeh 2,598 2,685 3,112 3,552 4,002 4,444 4,880 Mukhayyam Gaza 16,611 17,166 19,900 22,713 25,585 28,415 31,204 Manshiyat Hashem 2,758 2,850 3,304 3,771 4,248 4,718 5,181 Al-Jbarat 2,086 2,156 2,499 2,852 3,213 3,568 3,919 TOTAL 60,503 62,524 72,483 82,730 93,191 103,498 113,655

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

3.7 WASTEWATER TREATMENT There is a sludge disposal site at Al-Akedar, some 60 km by road northeast of Jerash City, and near the border with Syria. It has two sets of lagoons, one intended to accept municipal sludge and the other to accept industrial sludge. In Figure 3-8 , the industrial waste lagoons are to the left and the domestic septage lagoons are to the right. The Jordan-Syria border is shown as the yellow line. Septage, liquid sludge from the East WWTP, and industrial sludge are hauled to Al-Akedar by tank truck—except when the truckers surreptitiously discharge the truck’s contents to a sewer manhole in Jerash without ever leaving town. Such practice saves the long drive to Al-Akedar, but overloads the WWTPs since it adds biological loads on the WWTPs. The current project does not involve the Al-Akedar plant directly, and is mentioned here simply as relevant background information.

Figure 3-8 Satellite view of Al Akedar sludge lagoon disposal facility 3.7.1 East WWTP The Jerash east wastewater treatment plant (East WWTP) began operating in 1982. It was upgraded and expanded in 1995. Now, in 2011, it is often hydraulically overloaded due in part to winter wet weather flows that have infiltrated its tributary sewers. It is regularly overcharged with high-strength domestic sewage mixed with BOD due to wastes from many small yogurt-making operations, and occasionally from illicit dumping of slaughterhouse wastes that are supposed to be trucked to Al-Akedar. The 4- hectare site is long and narrow, carved into the east wall of the Wadi Jerash. The overloaded plant often inflicts nuisance odors on nearby residential areas. The plant draws electric power from the local grid, but is not yet connected to the municipal water supply. The staff are dedicated but poorly trained, and the entire operation is of low quality. (Jerash Wastewater Treatment Plant Assessment, October 2010). The alternatives being considered for Jerash wastewater treatment improvements include: 1. Decommissioning of the existing East Jerash WWTP and conducting all treatment at the West Jerash WWTP. 2. Upgrade of the existing East WWTP to operate at its present potential and meet Jordanian discharge standards, but not to handle future flows and loads, which would be conveyed to the West Jerash WWTP.

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

3. Upgrade, expand or replace the existing East WWTP to meet future discharge limits and future influent conditions within the design horizon of 2035. 4. Upgrade, expand or modify the existing West Jerash WWTP for reliable performance past its design year of 2025 and through 2035. The upgrade and expansion proposed in alternative 3 above, according to the Jerash Wastewater Treatment Feasibility Study Report currently under preparation by CDM, would include the following improvements to the existing East WWTP as shown in Figure 3-9 : . Improvements to the existing oxidation ditch and mixing/aerators; . Biological nutrient removal improvements to the aeration tanks including new zones, aerators, mixers and internal recycle; . New blower building with blowers; . Secondary clarifier influent splitter box improvements or replacement; . Headworks improvements including new screens and grit system; . Installation of new primary clarifiers (15m in dia.);

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-9 Proposed improvements at the East WWTP

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

. New sludge conveyance, storage, stabilization and treatment systems; . New administration building; . Two new oxidation ditch tanks in the area of one existing polishing lagoon; . Abandonment of one existing polishing lagoon; . Two new secondary clarifiers (18m in dia.) and a RAS/WAS pump station.

Figure 3-10 The East WWTP from the chlorine contact tanks looking toward the initial process facility

Effluent from the East WWTP is discharged to Wadi Jerash through the chlorine contact tank located in the south portion of the WWTP site and is shown in Figure 3-10 . Figure 3-11 shows the effluent being discharged to the Wadi Jerash through a simple pipe descending the hill. A large “foam-berg” of foaming detergent is formed by the effluent plunge into the wadi. The effluent flows in the natural channel of the Wadi Jerash to the Zarqa River or is diverted to the concrete channel along the west side of the wadi for irrigation use.

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-11 Effluent discharge to Wadi Jerash 3.7.2 West WWTP The Jerash west wastewater treatment plant (West WWTP) is a recently completed facility with a design capacity of 10,000 m3/day forecast for the year 2025 (Figure 3-12 ). Effluent from this plant will be discharged to the natural channel of Wadi Amamah (Figure 3-13 ). At present (early 2011) the plant has just begun operation, with a flow of about 500 m3/day. As mentioned previously one alternative under consideration is to upgrade, expand or modify the existing West WWTP for reliable performance past its design year of 2025 and through 2035, the design horizon for the project. The West WWTP has no primary treatment and relies primarily on the secondary process units for pollutant removal. The

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Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate proposed upgrade of this alternative would include two new primary clarifiers; headwork modifications; primary sludge conveyance, storage and thickening; and scum collection and removal.

Figure 3-12 A view of the West WWTP

Figure 3-13 Effluent channel from West WWTP in the Wadi Amamah 3.7.3 Wastewater Transfer Options Because the East WWTP is routinely overloaded and the West WWTP has only a small inflow, an option under consideration is to divert some—or all—of the East WWTP influent to the West WWTP. Three alternative routes are under consideration (Figure 3-14).

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 16

Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-14 Alternatives routes for raw wastewater transfer from the East WWTP to the West WWTP. 3.8 EFFLUENT ROUTES 3.8.1 East WWTP Flows in the Wadi Jerash consist of: . A conventional base flow and stormwater flow. A significant amount of the base flow is as groundwater, beneath the thalweg, with some being conveyed in a concrete channel along the east side of the wadi for downstream agricultural irrigation. . The East WWTP discharge is, as mentioned, diverted to a concrete channel along the west side of the wadi during summer irrigation needs and conveyed in the wadi when irrigation demands cease. At least one farmer draws effluent from the streambed for irrigation. The small concrete irrigation channels, one on each wall of the wadi, that intercept flow from the wadi provide water for agricultural irrigation downstream. The east-side channel starts several hundred meters upstream of the East WWTP discharge point, and delivers spring water it to farms on the east bank of the wadi. The west-side channel starts downstream from the WWTP discharge point and is used to convey effluent to irrigate farms on the west bank of the wadi. The upstream ends of these channels may be seen in Figure 3-2. While these small conduits are intriguing reminders of the Nabatean gravity irrigation channels found at Petra, they are little affected by wastewater disposal practice. 3.8.2 West WWTP The effluent from the West WWTP flows into Wadi Amamah. At present, established open-channel flow is evident only from Mukhayyam Gaza to just past the West WWTP. Beyond that, the base flow is mostly below the streambed, with wet-weather flows on the surface slowed by brush. Figure 3-15 shows a spring in Wadi Amamah with a submersible pump (and its electric power cable) and several black hoses conveying water to fields.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 17

Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-15 A spring in Wadi Amamah

Small-scale, yet locally important, irrigation is practiced by tapping the groundwater by digging and lining pools in the wadi, and pumping from the pools to the irrigated orchards and farmlands (Figure 3- 15). Although some springs, most particularly the Amamah spring, are located far up the wall of the wadi, some springs are in the wadi thalweg. Discharge from the West WWTP is likely to affect the quality of water in the wadi springs. 3.8.3 Industrial Wastes Industrial wastes in the Jerash region are nearly all related to agriculture and animal husbandry. Heavy BOD loads due to dairy product wastes including the cottage-industry lebneh production and improperly-disposed slaughter-house wastes have already been mentioned. There are several large poultry farms. Associated with the extensive olive plantations are wastes from the olive-processing mills. The “black-water” flows visible in Figure 3-13 and Figure 3-16 are likely to be olive mill waste (OMW), to judge by their odor. The uncontrolled disposal of OMW is becoming a serious environmental problem, due to its high organic COD concentration, and because of its high content of microbial growth-inhibiting compounds, such as phenolic compounds and tannins. The improper disposal of OMW to the environment or to domestic wastewater treatment plants is prohibited due to its toxicity to microorganisms, and also because of its potential threat to surface and groundwater (Sobhi et al.).

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 18

Section 3 –Jerash City and Governorate

Figure 3-16 Black water flow in Wadi Amamah that may be olive mill waste 3.8.4 Effluent Reuse Wastewater treatment plant effluent may be used to irrigate olive groves with little problem, but there is too much boron and lithium (and some other constituents) in the wastewater flow to be good for citrus trees or farmed vegetables and herbs (Jerash WWTP Effluent Reuse Study, 2011).

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 19

SECTION 4 - SCOPE OF THE JERASH PROJECT TASK

4.1 GENERAL The project area in Jerash, and the condition of its wastewater facilities, was described in the previous section. In the present section the scope of the present WIP tasks in Jerash is summarized. The WIP tasks in Jerash are divided into two phases. Phase I includes a Master Plan, a Feasibility Study, and the Environmental Impact Assessment. Phase II will be the final design phase. 4.2 PHASE I – MASTER PLAN, FEASIBILITY STUDY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4.2.1 Master Plan The Jerash Wastewater Master Plan’s purpose is to identify immediate, short-term, intermediate, and long-term improvements to the Jerash wastewater systems, to satisfy requirements to the planning horizon of 2035. The scope of the master plan is limited geographically to the existing and potential new service areas of the East and West wastewater systems serving Jerash and its environs. The work of primary concern in the Master Plan has included improvements to sewers and pump stations that carry flows to the two WWTPs: . Wastewater planning; . Hydraulic analysis; and . Preliminary identification of future reinforcements needed in the existing trunk sewers. It has also included: . Examination of possible extension of sewers to nearby developed areas and areas designated for development where land use zoning has been approved; and . Evaluation of existing plans and designs of wastewater projects in Jerash (related to sewage collection and house connections to sewers) as candidates for improvements to the wastewater systems. In addition to improvements in physical infrastructure, the O&M (Operations and Maintenance) and management of the Jerash wastewater enterprise has been assessed, to identify problems and propose improvements. 4.2.2 Feasibility Study The Feasibility Study’s objective is to evaluate and recommend alternatives for upgrading and expansion of the WWTPs through the Year 2035 design horizon, including possible transfers of flow from the overloaded East WWTP to the West WWTP. It is directed to: . Assess all existing treatment plant units to determine the extent of rehabilitation needed; . Recommend enhancements and improvements for the rehabilitation and upgrade of the current plants, based on the latest population estimates and wastewater generation projections (Recall Section 3.7.1 above); . Identify suitable sites for expansion; . Identify treatment technology to achieve effluent quality for different uses, in accordance with Jordanian standards; . Describe and compare alternative technologies and site locations, and phasing options;

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 20

Section 4 – Scope of the Jerash Project Task

. Provide cost estimates for each alternative; . Recommend the most appropriate and suitable option, backed by an economic, financial, and socio-economic analysis of the project; . Identify areas suitable and available for effluent reuse according to site size, present use, land value, and possible competing future uses, and soil conditions; . Study the current agricultural practices in the Project Area and determine the crops that could best (agronomically and economically) be grown there with treated wastewater effluent; . Study the effect of adding a tanker septage disposal facility in one or both of the WWTPs, and recommend the appropriate type of disposal facility; . Study and evaluate modes of operation of the wastewater facilities and recommend improvements; . Establish appropriate operation and maintenance procedures; . Assess the present arrangement and organization of the Jerash Water Authority for the operation, maintenance, and repair of all wastewater facilities in the Project Area; and, . As part of the operation and maintenance assessment, ensure that an emergency-response plan is in place to deal promptly with pipeline ruptures, pump failures, explosions, or other mishaps. 4.2.3 Environmental Assessment The Environmental Impact Assessment is to be the third component of Phase I of the project. 4.3 PHASE II FINAL DESIGN Upon official approval of the feasibility study findings by USAID and WAJ, USAID will instruct the Engineer to proceed with Phase II. This phase shall include the preparation of a detailed engineering design and bid documents for the construction of the Upgrade and Expansion of Jerash Wastewater Treatment Plant and Reuse System based on the approved feasibility study conducted in Phase I above. A monitoring plan for effluent and ambient water quality and to a limited extent air quality as well, is to be developed as part of the Environmental Assessment Report.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 21

Section 5 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts SECTION 5 - ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The environmental impacts, beneficial and adverse, identified by the Engineer and by the stakeholders, will be discussed in two parts: work on the sewerage system, as proposed in the Master Plan; and work on the treatment facilities, as proposed in the Feasibility Study. These impacts are summarized in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 .

Table 5-1 Environmental Impacts of Work on the Sewerage Systems Measure, environmental beneficial and adverse Beneficial Impacts Adverse Impacts impacts Dust, noise, and traffic problems due to construction activities in Build enlarged sewers to reinforce existing trunk Prevents contamination of water streets and residential areas sewers and local sewage networks in the East sewer supply springs, enhances Impact on tourism during system, to carry peak flows in 2035 and overcome wastewater reuse in irrigation construction operational problems Potential for discovering

archaeological artifacts that would delay construction activities Dustust, noise, and traffic problems due to construction activities in streets and residential Build the previously-proposed sewers for which Prevents contamination of water areas. designs have been prepared supply springs, enhances Impact on tourism during wastewater reuse in irrigation construction Potential for discovering archaeological artifacts that would delay construction activities Cessation of cesspool use and Speed up house connections to the recently- aquifer contamination in the Increased treated wastewater completed West sewer system West catchment discharge to Wadi Amamah.

Increased treated wastewater Build lateral sewers and household connections in Elimination of un-sanitary and discharge to Wadi Amamah. Mukhayyam Gaza. odorous wastewater flows in open channels within the camp More than usual noise, disruption of traffic, possible collateral damage to buildings.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 22

Section 5 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts

Table 5-2 Environmental Impacts of Work on the Wastewater Treatment Plants Measure Beneficial Impacts Adverse Impacts Reduces impact of BOD overload by more systematic and controlled Provide a separate septage Increases septage tanker traffic to the WWTPs; this release of high-BOD influent to the facility at or near the WWTPs, as impact can increase the probability of offensive odors treatment process . part of plant improvements. unless controlled by designed facility. Reduces trucking volume (hence trucking cost) to Al Akedar lagoons. Improves hygiene of work environment for plant workers by Provide potable water service to Enabling more healthful and the WWTPs. comfortable work environment at WWTPs.

Transfer none of the East Avoids construction costs and Impact on neighborhood and land values.. WWTP influent to the West impacts along transfer pipeline Enlarged WWTP will need to consider odor and WWTP. route. biological loading during planning and design.

Alleviates hydraulic overflows only a little. Capacity of West Plant to receive increased flows to Transfer some, perhaps half, of design year 2035 needs review Improves East WWTP performance. the peak dry weather flow. Increases wastewater discharges to the Wadi Amamah. Rupture of the transfer pipeline would pour raw sewage into residential/farmland areas.

Does not at all alleviate hydraulic overflows. Increases wastewater discharges to the Wadi Amamah. Removes the East WWTP per se as a Rupture of the transfer line would pour raw sewage local nuisance, in matters of odor, into residential/farmland areas. Transfer all peak dry weather residential land value, agricultural Capacity of West Plant to receive increased flows to flow from East WWTP to the land value, permissible leafy design year 2035 needs review of the area and the West WWTP. vegetables and herb crops, and river flood zone will be a challenge septage-truck traffic.

Removes the East WWTP as a local Requires long conveyance system. May require land nuisance. acquisition. Perhaps unaffordable from available Relocate the East WWTP, with a Relieves the wadis and their springs sources of funds. septage-receiving facility, to the of sewage contamination. May remove existing agriculture land from cultivation Zarqa River. Increases feasibility of sewer Treated effluent and/or sludge no longer available to service to Jubbah, Burma and local farms except at greatly increased cost. The Mastaba area villages. geology. Would prevent recharging the groundwater aquifer for Construct an effluent channel in Would avoid contaminating the reuse. Wadi Amamah. groundwater which feeds springs. Cost of the channel. The quality of the wastewater at The sodium absorption ratio (SAR), lithium and boron Sell reclaimed water at cost to present is suitable for irrigating levels are higher than desirable for irrigating crops local farmers. olive trees. other than olive trees. Continue WWTP operation During this time the rate of effluent During this time the quality of effluent discharge to the during expansion and upgrade discharge to the wadi will remain at wadi will be degraded from current levels. of the facility. current levels. Septage-truck traffic Design year 2035 needs review

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 23

SECTION 6 - SUMMARY AND NEXT ACTIONS

6.1 SIGNIFICANT ISSUES WITHIN AND BEYOND THIS PROJECT Table 6-1 summarizes the significant environmental issues identified in the previous section, and indicates which are to be addressed within this project, and which must be deferred to a later project, even when they deserve serious consideration. Table 6-1 Significant Issues Issues beyond the Issues to be addressed in this project present scope of work The sewerage systems Reinforcing existing sewerage; connecting more houses to existing sewerage; implementing new sewerage already planned. . Will reduce hydraulic overload of WWTPs; . Will reduce raw sewage overflow to wadis; . Will entail dust and traffic concerns Extending sewerage to more outlying villages than already planned. during construction; . More severe traffic, noise, and cost in Mukhayyam Gaza. . Impact of construction activities on tourism . Impact of locating antiquities during construction . Emergency response plans for construction phase Relocate the East WWTP at the Zarqa River Relocating the East WWTP from its existing Obtaining increased funds. location to a new location by the Zarqa River

. Removal of existing farm land from cultivation . Land acquisition Pipeline from East WWTP to West WWTP Choice among 2 candidate pipeline routes. Choice among 2 flow rates. Provides flexibility in balancing inflows between the 2 WWTPs. Conventional construction cautions regarding antiquities, noise, dust, and traffic. Impact of east catchment wastewater flows on the design year and criteria for the West WWTP Emergency response plans for construction phase Bringing all wastes to the East WWTPs Septage/industrial waste receiving facilities at Industry-specific pretreatment facilities are the best way to handle WWTPs. concentrated sources of non-domestic waste such as abattoirs, chicken farms, More systematic handling of high-BOD wastes. and olive mills. A feasibility study in the near future is recommended to At East WWTP, little space available; traffic, determine suitable locations, process trains, and capacities for such facilities. noise and odor during construction and into Industrial pretreatment will: facility operation phase. . Make wastewater more treatable. Impacts on its neighborhood and land values. . Relieve the wadis of unauthorized dumping of wastes. West WWTP has more space and is more . Entail some tanker traffic on the streets leading to the remote from residential areas. pretreatment facilities. Addressing high biological loading to achieve . Reduce the volume of wastes to be trucked to Al-Akedar lagoons. Jordanian discharge requirements. Tanker traffic on approach roads. Emergency response plans for construction and operation phases

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Section 6 – Summary and Next Actions

Issues beyond the Issues to be addressed in this project present scope of work Effluent water quality

. Providing treatment processes to achieve a quality suitable to irrigate all local crops may be financially infeasible at the present time. Tailor WWTP processes to treat inflows to . To a large extent, dry weather flow in the wadis is underground. The meet Jordanian effluent standards, as well as extent to which subsurface flow is able to polish wastewater effluent to to a quality suitable for agricultural reuse. make it increasingly suitable for irrigation is not yet known, but research into this question would be valuable. Laboratories for wastewater sampling/testing

Determine location for laboratory

services

6.2 PROPOSED APPROACH TO ADDRESS SIGNIFICANT ISSUES Significant issues will be addressed as follows: . Cooperation between the Water Authority and the Irrigation Authority (Ministry of Agriculture), both of which are within the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, will be implemented during the design phase to ensure that a coordinated process is established and implemented for addressing significant issues and for handling the treated effluent. . Provisions of the Antiquities Law (Law of Antiquities No. 21, 1988 and its amendments) from the General Department of Antiquities will be incorporated into contract documents to ensure that antiquities if uncovered during construction will be handled as required. . Determine during design the available laboratories for wastewater sampling and testing. If such a laboratory is unavailable, suitable provisions need to be considered during the design phase.

6.3 SCHEDULE FOR PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT The Environmental Assessment process will commence with the issuance of this Scoping Statement. The recently completed Wastewater Master Plan and the Wastewater Treatment Feasibility Study provide sufficient information to conduct an environmental analysis. Table 6-2 is a proposed outline for the Environmental Assessment Report.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 25

Section 6 – Summary and Next Actions

Table 6-2 Proposed Outline of the Environmental Assessment Report Executive Summary (Arabic and English)

1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Proposed action 1.3 Environmental regulatory procedures 1.4 Jordanian environmental legislation 1.5 USAID environmental procedures

2. Project Description 2.1 Background 2.2 Layout and description of proposed facilities 2.3 Construction activities 2.4 Operation activities

3. Environmental Setting 3.1 Background 3.2 Physical environment 3.3 Socio-economic environment 3.4 Cultural and aesthetic environment 3.5 Baseline Environmental Survey

4. Environmental Effects 4.1. Background 4.2. Methods and criteria for prediction of impacts and evaluation of alternatives 4.3. Physical environment impacts 4.4. Cultural and aesthetic environmental impacts 4.5. No-action alternative

5. Mitigation, Monitoring and Management 5.1. Mitigation plans for design 5.2. Mitigations for construction, operation, and decommissioning 5.3. Environmental monitoring plan 5.4. Environmental management plan

Appendices

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 26

SECTION 7 - REFERENCES

. El Concorde Construction Ltd, “East-to-West Wastewater Transfer System: Wastewater Lifting Pump Station and the Force Main Line from Jerash WWTP to Mi’rad WWTP.” . “Jerash Wastewater Treatment Plant Assessment”, CDM International Inc. for the United States Agency for International Development and the Water Authority of Jordan, 10 October 2010 (DRAFT) . “Jerash WWTP Effluent Reuse Study, CDM International Inc. for the United States Agency for International Development and the Water Authority of Jordan February 2011 (DRAFT) . Technical Memorandum (DRAFT) Water/Wastewater Forecasts, Tasks 1-4, CDM International Inc. for the United States Agency for International Development and the Water Authority of Jordan 9 December 2010 . B. Sobhi et al., “Reducing the Environmental Impact of Olive Mill Wastewater in Jordan Palestine and Israel,” R&D Center, the Galilee Society, P.O. BOX 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel. Tel: +972-4-9504523 Fax: +972-4-9504525 e-mail: [email protected] . “Expansion and Upgrading of the Wastewater Treatment Plant at Jerash”, by GWE- Arabtech Jardaneh, 1991. . “Feasibility and Detailed Design of the wastewater collection, treatment and effluent reuse for West Jerash area,” by C. Lotti & Associate and Engicon, 2007. . “Watershed Management, Jerash Sewer Networks Design and Recommendations,” by CDM and local firm, 2007.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash 27

APPENDIX A Organizations Consulted

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement Jerash

APPENDIX A - ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED

A.1 ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED The following is a list of organizations, Government agencies and others consulted during the preparation of the Scoping Statement, Master Plan and Feasibility Study for the Jerash Wastewater Treatment System. . United States Agency for International Development (USAID), . Ministry of Environment (MoE) of Jordan, . Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) of Jordan, . Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ), . Water Authority of Jordan in Jerash (WAJ-Jerash), . Department of Statistics (DoS), . Higher Population Council (HPC), . Ministry of Agriculture of Jordan, . General Department of Antiquities of Jordan, . Natural Resources Authority (NRA) of Jordan, . Engicon Consultant Engineering Firm in Jordan, . Orient Consultant Engineering Firm in Jordan, . Local farmers and residents within the project area.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement Jerash A-1

APPENDIX B Proceedings of Scoping Session

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash

APPENDIX B - PROCEEDINGS OF SCOPING SESSION

B.1 INVITEES The Ministry of Environment (MoE) provided a list of 44 invitees from different government ministries and agencies. The Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) provided another list of invitees from WAJ-Amman, WAJ-Jerash, WAJ-Irbid, and local officials in Jerash. CDM contacted the rest of the stakeholders, local officials in Jerash, and local residences that could be impacted by the project. MoE distributed the invitations to those agencies on their list. In addition, MoE provided a standard letter of invitation for all other invitees. CDM with, the help of WAJ, distributed these invitations to the remaining invitees. Table B-1 identifies the individuals invited to the scoping session and the individuals that actually attended the session.

Table B- 1 Scoping Session Invitees and Attendees Actual Attendees No. Organization Name Title Invitees Name in Arabic Signature ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺪة راﺑﺤﺔ اﻟﺪﺑﺎس MOM Mrs. Rabha Al Minister of 1 د. اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻐﺰاوي Dabbas Municipalities ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻳﻨﺔ MOT Mr. Alaa Al Minister of 2 م. ﻧﻐﻢ اﻟﺼﻌﻮب Batayneh Transport م. ارﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ د. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﺸﻴﺎب MOH Dr. Mahmoud Al Minister of Health 3 م ﻋﻼء اﻟﺨﺮاﺑﺸﺔ Shayyab 4 (ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ) ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ د. ﺗﻴﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻤﺎدي MOA Dr. Tayseer Al Smadi Minister of 5 د. زهﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻣﺎن - Agriculture 6 RSNP Director of Royal Society for the Conservation of م. ﻟﺆي اﻟﻌﺰام Nature د. ﻧﻀﺎل ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺟﺮش GOJ Governor of Jerash 7 اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻮري/ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺟﺮش م. ﻣﻴﺴﻮن GOJ Eng. Maysoun Al- Head of Projects 8 اﻟﺨﺼﺎوﻧﺔ/رﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ .Kasawneah Dept اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺟﺮش ﻓﺆاد اﻟﻘﻴﺎم/ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ fou'ad Al-Kyyam Farmer 9 ﺟﺮش ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ Director of Civil 10 Defense Directorate ﻣﻼزم ﻣﻬﺪي اﻟﺮواﺷﺪة ﻣﻘﺪم ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ادارة اﻟﺴﻴﺮ Director of Traffic 11 اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ وﺷﺨﺺ اﺧﺮ Directorate 12 اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺿﻴﻒ اﷲ ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻻدارة اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ Director of Royal 13 اﻟﺴﺮﺣﺎن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ Directorate for 14 اﻟﻨﻘﻴﺐ اﻳﻤﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﻨﺎﺗﻲ Nature 15 اﻟﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﺪة Preservation 16 اﻟﻮآﻴﻞ اﺷﺮف اﻟﺤﺮاﺣﺸﺔ

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-1

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

Actual Attendees No. Organization Name Title Invitees Name in Arabic Signature رﺋﻴﺲ هﻴﺌﺔ اﻻرآﺎن اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ Chairman of the 17 ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻣﺼﺎروة اﻟﺮآﻦ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻦ Joint Cheifs of Staff رﺋﻴﺲ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ Environmental 18 ﻋﺠﻠﻮن/ﺣﻤﺰة اﻟﺼﻤﺎدي Committee in 19 ﻋﻀﻮ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ Jerash ﻋﺠﻠﻮن/ ﺁﻻء اﻟﺼﻤﺎدي رﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ Environmental 20 آﻔﺮﻧﺠﺔ ﻣﻮزة ﻓﺮﻳﺤﺎت Committee in 21 ﻋﻀﻮ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ Kafranjah آﻔﺮﻧﺠﺔ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻜﻨﻌﺎن ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ رﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ JUST Jordan University 22 of Science & د.ﻣﺎﺟﺪ اﺑﻮ زرﻳﻖ Technology م. اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻮري ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎء Balk'a University Balk'a University 23 ﻋﺰت اﺑﻮ ﺣﻤﺮا MoE Izzat Abu Hamra Head of EIA 24 ﻋﺰت اﺑﻮ ﺣﻤﺮا Section م. ﺑﺪر آﺴﺎب USAID Eng. Bader Kassab COTR, USAID 25 26 USAID Dr. Amer Alhmoud Project Management د. ﻋﺎﻣﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻮد Specilist ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺪرﺳﺎت واﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ WAJ-Amman Eng.Huda Qomoq Director of the 27 Studies and Designs م. هﺪى ﻗﻤﻖ Department رﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت WAJ-Amman Eng. Reham Bani Head of the 28 م. رهﺎم ﺑﻨﻲ هﺎﻧﻲ Hani Studies Section م. ﻧﻮﻳﺮان ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮازق رﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ WAJ-Amman Eng. Nweran Abdel Head of the 29 Razik Wastewater Projects Supervision Section WAJ-Amman م. زﻳﻨﺐ اﺑﻮ زﻳﺪ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ دﻋﻢ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺔ Eng. Zainb Abu Zaid Head of WWTPS 30 ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻣﺪﻧﻲ /ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت WAJ-Amman Eng.Najwa Orabi Civil 31 واﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ Engineer/Directorate of Studies and م. ﻧﺠﻮى ﻋﺮاﺑﻲ Designs ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻣﺪﻧﻲ /ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت WAJ-Amman Eng.Abeer Al Sayed Civil 32 واﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ Engineer/Directorate of Studies and م. ﻋﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ Designs ﻣﻬﻨﺲ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ /ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻻﺷﺮاف واﻟﺪﻋﻢ WAJ-Amman Eng. Mahmoud Al Civil Engineer 33 اﻟﻔﻨﻲ Alawneh /Directorate of Supervision and م. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻼوﻧﺔ Technical Support م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻻﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﺸﺆون ﻣﻴﺎﻩ WAJ-Irbid Eng. Nawaf Al Secretary General 34 ﻋﺒﻴﺪات/رﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل م. ﻧﻮاف اﻟﺸﻮﺑﻜﻲ Shobaki Assistant for North ﻣﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﺸﻤﺎل Water Sector ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات واﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ م. آﻔﺎح رﻳﺎن WAJ-Irbid Eng. Kifah Rayyan Directorate of Labs 35 م. آﻔﺎح رﻳﺎن and Quality Control 36 م. ﻗﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻴﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ / م. اﺷﺮف ﺑﻄﺎﻳﻨﺔ WAJ-Irbid Eng Ashraf Batayneh Manager of 37 م. ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻄﺎﻳﻨﺔ /ﻣﺪﻳﺮ Technical Affairs ﺻﺮف ﺻﺤﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-2

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

Actual Attendees No. Organization Name Title Invitees Name in Arabic Signature ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ادارة ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﺮش/ م. ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻬﺰاﻳﻤﺔ WAJ-Jerash Eng Hassan Director of WAJ 38 م. ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻬﺰاﻳﻤﺔ Hh Jh ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ﺻﺮف ﺻﺤﻲ/ م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد WAJ-Jerash Eng. Mahmoud Al Wastewater 39 م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻄﻴﻄﻲ اﻟﻄﻴﻄﻲ Titi Engineer ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ﺻﺮف ﺻﺤﻲ/ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ WAJ-Jerash Eng. Mahmoud Al Wastewater 40 ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺷﺮق ﺟﺮش/ م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد Qawasmeh Engineer/East اﻟﻘﻮاﺳﻤﻲ Jerash WWTP م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﻮاﺳﻤﻲ Manager اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ/ م. ﺑﺸﺎر ﻧﻮاﺻﺮة WAJ-Jerash Eng. Bashar Technical Affairs 41 م. ﺑﺸﺎر ﻧﻮاﺻﺮة Nawasreh اﻵﻧﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ/ رﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺪات Ms. Inaya Khalil Jerash Women 42 اﻻﻧﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺮش Community Committee Chair د. ﺣﺴﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم ﻣﻨﺪوب ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر Dr. Husni Al Etoum Journalist/ Al 43 Dustour د. ﺣﺴﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺘﻮم Community Newspaper اﻟﺴﻴﺪ اﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﻤﺎدي / ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ Ibrahim Al Smadi Director of 44 ﺟﺮش Education اآﺮم وﺟﻴﻪ Community Directorate/Jerash اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻧﻮاش اﻟﻘﺎدري -Sheikh Nuwash Al 45 اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻧﻮاش اﻟﻘﺎدري Community Qaderi د. ﻓﻄﻴﻦ ﻏﺎﻧﻢ Dr. Fateen Ghanem Physician / Jerash 46 د. ﻓﻄﻴﻦ ﻏﺎﻧﻢ Community Health Directorate اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ Mr. Mustafa Hassan Jerash Chamber of 47 ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ Community Al-Afeef Commerce ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻧﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻧﻤﺮ Farmer Mr. Othman Nimer Farm Owner 48 ﻋﺼﻤﺖ رﺷﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺖ رﺷﻴﺪ Farmer Mr. Esmat Rasheed Farm Owner 49 اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺮواﺷﺪة Mr. Mhmad Al Farm Owner 50 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺮواﺷﺪة Farmer Rawashdeh ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺎت/ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻋﻮض Ghneimat Family Farm Owner 51 ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺎت ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺎت Farmer رﺋﻴﺲ اﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ / اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ Mr. Hussien Abu Al- Head of Farmers 52 ﺣﺴﻴﻦ اﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺪس اﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺪس Farmer Adass Union ﻋﻀﻮ اﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ/ د. راﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ Dr. Radi Farmers Union 54 ﻧﻮاﺻﺮة Mohammad Chair د. راﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻧﻮاﺻﺮة Farmer Nawasreh ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺟﺮش / اﻟﺴﻴﺪة ﺧﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻳﺪ Mrs. Khaola Al- Jerash Municipality 54 Kayed Member ﺧﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻳﺪ city of Jerash رﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮاض/ د.اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺰﻋﺒﻲ Dr. Mohammad Mayor of Al Mirad 55 اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺰﻋﺒﻲ Mira'd Municipality Awad Al Zubi Municipality اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺎرف ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻮ Mr. Mohammad Jordan 56 Aref Leheo Environment ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺎرف ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻮ Society / Jerash ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎن اﻟﻮادي اﻷﺧﻀﺮ/ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎن Farmer Farm Owner 57 ﻣﻨﺪوب ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻟﺪى اﻻدارة / Mr. Sameer Samara Health Directorate 58 ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺎرة ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺎرة MOH Representative د. زﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ MOH Dr. Zaid Faqeeh MOH 59 60 Mr. Mohammad ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﺪﻳﻮي Bdeiwi

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-3

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

Actual Attendees No. Organization Name Title Invitees Name in Arabic Signature 61 Rick Minkwitz COP/Project م. رﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻨﻜﻮﻳﺘﺰ CDM Manager 62 Sr. WW م. دﻳﻔﻴﺪ دوران CDM Dave Doran Engineer/DPM 63 م. ﻣﻬﺮان ﻣﺼﺮﻟﻴﺎن CDM Mehran Meserlian Project Coordinator 64 Senior Geologist & د. ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻻﺧﺮس CDM Khaled Al-Akhras EIA Specialist ﻻﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﻨﺎت CDM Lana Masannat Admin. Manager 65 66 Agriculture د. اﺣﻤﺪ اﺑﻮ ﻋﻮاد CDM Ahmad Abu Awwad Engineer 67 Hamza Al- م. ﺣﻤﺰة اﻟﺤﻮاﻣﺪة CDM Hawamdah EA, MP Projections B.2 COMMENTS DURING SCOPING SESSION PRESENTATION Hussein Abu Al Adas, Head of the Jerash Farmers Union: . The west WWTP current status is worse than what you just showed us on the slide. The wastes are basically olive mill wastes. These wastes have negative impact on the humans, animals and agriculture in Wadi Amamah area. . This plant in general will have negative impact on the restaurants as well Eng. Newran/ WAJ Amman Head of the WW projects supervision section: . The people who connected their houses are illegal and we will take care of that soon after the West WWTP starts operating. Ahmad Al-Zoubi, Al-Me’rad Municipality: . The house connections are legal but the contamination exists. Response from Eng. Zinab Abu-Zaid, Head of WWTPs (WAJ Amman): This situation is temporary and the West WWTP will be in operation mode very soon. Attef Gunemat, farmland owner: . The effluent of the WWTPs will have negative impact on the springs in Wadi Amamah and Wadi Jerash, these springs are being used as a drinking source for the residents. Hussein Abu Al Adas, Head of the Jerash Farmers Union: . Some land was taken from my land because of building the East WWTP. Eng. Qasmeah, East WWTP WAJ-Jerash: . The plant was designed for a capacity of 3250 m3/day and not 3750 m3/day as it was mentioned in your slide. Esmat Rashid, former director of the agriculture department of Jerash: . Wadi Jerash used to be called the Golden Wadi before the East WWTP was built; now it is a wadi for effluent and odor. Comment on one of the slides from one of the audience: . The proposed alternatives for upgrading/rehab the East WWTP include treating the influent at the entrance of the plant; what about the sludge?

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-4

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

CDM’s response: The proposed solution for the sludge is coming in the next slide; we are proposing mechanical drying for the sludge so it reduces the volume of the sludge one-tenth of the current volume of the sludge. Bader Kassab, USAID: . Comment to everyone: Can we please let CDM finish the presentation and there will be enough time at the end to for all the questions and comments. B.3 COMMENTS/DISCUSSION AFTER THE PRESENTATION Comments by Dr. Fateen Ganam, MOH-Jerash: . Recommend planning horizon to be 40 years instead of 25; . Provide well-designed septage receiving station in the WWTP design; . Plan for a good implementation stage, which means select good contractors and provide good supervision; . Cover the canals, or use pipes, so that they do not cause any odor or health problems; . Huge amounts of flow come to the WWTP in winter time. Wastewater from the plant mixes with storm water overflows to the Wadi and impacts the Wadi very badly; . Make sure that the wastewater will not cause any contamination to the ground water; . The MOH should always be included in any EA or future planning; . The coordination between MOH and WAJ, MWI is in good shape particularly in Jerash governorate. CDM’s response on the winter flows to the plant: Overflow from the plant is a result of a severe infiltration and inflow (I/I) issue. This in turn is a result of infiltration to the Suf Trunk and inflow from roof leaders, which are illegal connections to the sewers in the Jerash collection area. CDM mentioned that USAID is funding a replacement for Suf Trunk and we in the future will see how much that would reduce the I/I issue, as the roof leaders illegal connection to sewers is still not addressed. WAJ Engineer West Plant Construction Liaison Zinab Abu-Zaid, Head of WWTPs (WAJ Amman): . The consultant should study the issue of preventing industrial flows reaching the plant; there should be a pretreatment at the dairy manufacturers to prevent high BOD loads reaching the plant. . The East WWTP does not have a septage receiving station. . Should we delete the East Plant? (in a one-one discussion she mentioned to CDM that she raised the option of relocating the plant to near Zarqa river with M. Sutari who excluded that option as very costly or out of SOW). . Transferring flow from east to west will impact the farms that depend on the effluent for irrigation. CDM’s Response: Deleting the East plant is being evaluated as part of the Alternatives. Eng. Newran/ WAJ Amman Head of the wastewater (WW) projects supervision section: . He suggested having small WW treatment plants for the big industrial factories such as the slaughter house and cheese factories. WAJ should determine who can be connected to the WWTP and who should have his own small treatment plant. Essmat Al-Rasheed, former Manager of the Agricultural Department at Jerash:

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-5

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

. The effluent channel at the East plant should be enlarged to allow taking all the flow so it does not overflow to the Wadi. Overflowing to the Wadi causes lots of environmental problems including the problem of wild pigs in the Wadi. More than 60 wild pigs were killed in the Wadi recently and it’s still a big problem for farmers and for public health, especially with the swine flu going around the country. Sheikh Ahmad Al Qaderi, local community leader of Al-Qaderi tribe: . Suggested relocating the east WWTP to a location near the Zarqa river, so that it serves more villages from Burma area villages and perhaps Mastaba area villages. This would protect the springs in Wadi Amamah. The suggested location should be about 2 km downstream from the Jerash-Amman Bridge. . Only one farmer in Wadi Jerash benefits from the East plant effluent. We can pump the effluent back to him and he should pay the cost of the water. The spring water in Wadi Jerash is sufficient for all other farmers in Wadi Jerash area. . He even suggested relocating both the West and East WWTPs. . He also pointed out that Jerash residents are suffering because of the odors and the low quality of the crops that are being irrigated by effluent. Hussein Abu Al Adas, Head of the Jerash Farmers Union: . The damages caused by the East plant will grow if we expand the plant, including: odor, decrease of land value, damages to the surrounding population, the valuable herbs and medical plants cannot be planted in Wadi Jerash, overflow of raw sewage in winter and in summer as well. Septage tanks coming to the plant causing all kinds of problems odor, traffic, health etc., . Strongly recommends relocating the East WWTP to a location near Zarqa River. Dr. Majed Abu Zreak, JUST University . Agrees with Sheikh Ahmad Al Qaderi’s recommendation to relocate the plant. . Take immediate measures to prevent contaminating the springs in Wadi Amamah because of what is going on in that Wadi at this time. . He commented about the inconsistency of the East WWTP capacity. WAJ mentioned 3250 m3/day and CDM’s ppt says 3750 m3/day. . Recommended to reduce the BOD levels before the influent gets to the plant and this should not be costly. . Rehabilitate the plant immediately to get the situation fixed. . Do not transfer to the west, transmission may cause a disaster if the pipe gets broken for any reason. . Recommended to serve all the areas, thinks the non-served numbers is too much. He thinks that the non-served areas are polluting the soil, ground water etc. . Septage tankers should be received at both WWTPs. . We need an emergency plan if any of the plant fails for any reason. Mustafa Al-Afeef, Jerash Chamber of Commerce: . Agrees with Sheikh Ahmad Al Qaderi’s recommendation to relocate both plants by the Zarqa river.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-6

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

. Wadi Jerash used to be called the Golden Valley, this name is not in use any more since the east plant was built. Its touristic area is very badly affected by the plant, because of odor. . Recommends having a septage receiving station at the plant to prevent transportation to Al Akadir because it is very costly. . Relocate the plant, and if anyone wants reclaimed water they can buy it. The effluent can be sold or be transported by other means such as pumping. . Trunk line of Suf is polluting the springs in that area. Mr. Mohammad Badawi, School principal, and land owner close to the East and West plants: . The plant must be removed and relocated near Zarqa river immediately (agrees with Sheik Al Qaderi), . Quick actions are needed to deal with situation, perhaps a small plant, . We should work as one team together, WAJ, locals, community, designer, funding agency, etc. . There is a new water well near Mashtal Faisal put in service recently to supply Jerash with water. What is the impact of the effluent and plant on that water well? (The well’s name is Mashtal Faisal Well). CDM’s response: We will study the relocation suggestion but there are technical and cost factors that should be taken into consideration. Ahmad Al Faouri, Engineering student at Balqa Applied Since: . We must take the land value into consideration, meaning that the plants have negative impact on the Jerash land values, . The huge impact on the Flora and Fauna in Wadi Jerash must be taken into consideration, . Require a monitoring plan for air and water quality. . EA and the environmental management plan must be documented and available to everyone, and should be reviewed 20 years from now. . He questioned why there are a lot of people not served in Jerash governorate. He also recommended that the design should be for 40 years instead of 25 years. CDM clarified that a 25-year planning/design horizon is widely used elsewhere in the world and what normally should be done is the plan is reviewed 5 or more years before the end of the period and a new plan for expansion is drawn up. Also, you cannot serve every single house or property in the area. Engineer Reham of WAJ added that the treatment technology is changing and improving and it is wise to do plans for such design horizons because down the road after a period we may have new technology that is more appropriate. USAID’s response by Eng. Bader Kassab: Usually we do the planning for 25 years for WWTP; remember that building/expanding WWTP is costly. Maysoon Khasawneh, Engineer at the Governor’s office: . Complained about bad contractors not abiding with the environmental requirements for the hook-ups in the Suf area, and suggested that we need to be careful in selecting good contractors; . Supervising the contractor to minimize problems for residents; . She suggested having a black list for the irresponsible contractors so they cannot bid on projects again.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-7

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session

USAID’s response on her last comment, by Eng. Bader Kassab: We do not control that because Jordan General Tenders Department (GTD) regulates these issues and they select the winning contractor based on the lowest bid. USAID small projects are always bid by local contractors, while for large projects we usually require a US contractor. Ms. Inaya Khalil, head of Jerash Women Association: . The mountainous areas in the city of Jerash are not served and this has a negative impact on the Al-Qerawan spring (main water source for the city of Jerash). New houses are being built in areas not served by the wastewater system. Some of these new houses are close to the well and are contaminating it. Attef Gnemat, resident in Wadi Amamah near Amamah spring: . About 100 households are using the spring, installing pipes to take the effluent downstream, so the effluent won’t affect the fresh water springs in the wadi; . No one needs the effluent in Wadi Amamah. Dr. Rami Nawasreah, retired from Yarmouk University: . He questioned about serving northern Jerash governorate areas such as: Balylah, Qafkafah etc., . Why Jerash is being treated like this , as far as the locations of the WWTPs? CDM’s Response: The project is looking at the whole Governorate but the focus is on the East Jerash plant. Sheikh Ahmad Al Qaderi, local community leader of Al-Qaderi tribe: . The properties close to the King Talal dam and along the Zarqa River are governmental properties so there is no need for land acquisition if the treatment plant is being relocated there. . We should perform good planning even if the expected funds are limited and then once when get funds we should move forward with these plans. Adnan Rawashdah, farmer and restaurant owner: . He raised the question about the strategy that is being used (and used in the past) when selecting a WWTP location, . The west WWTP area is a residential, touristy, and agricultural area so why that location was selected for the WWTP? It is definitely unsuitable for a WWTP. Mr. Mohammad Badawi, School principal, and land owner close to the East and West plants. . He recommended that everybody at this session visit both Wadi Amamah and Wadi Jerash and see the actual situation in the field.

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-8

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session B.4 HANDOUTS PROVIDED AT SCOPING SESSION B.4.1 English Handout

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement - Jerash B-9

Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session JORDAN WATER/WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT HANDOUT

JERASH GOVERNORATE

JERASH WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING MEETING

1. Purpose

The purpose of the meeting is to present potential engineering and construction activities associated with the improvements and expansion of the Jerash wastewater system. All interested stakeholders have been invited to attend the presentation and offer comments relevant to any environmental concerns with the project activities.

2. Background

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has been engaged in supporting the water sector in Jordan for more than a decade. USAID has supported the Government of Jordan (GOJ) water sector activities to respond to Jordan’s urgent need to increase water availability for economic growth and the well-being of its people through improved management and improved infrastructure.

Recently, USAID launched the Jordan Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project (WIP). This multitask project is undertaken for the Government of Jordan (GOJ) through the Ministry of Water and Irrigation/Water Authority of Jordan (MWI/WAJ) and USAID and includes tasks in the Greater Amman area and the governorates of Zarqa, Jerash , Ma’an, and Tafilah. One task under WIP is to prepare a feasibility study and design for the expansion/upgrade of the Jerash wastewater treatment plant to address the fact that the East Jerash WWTP is both hydraulically and biologically overloaded.

Jerash, the Gerasa of Antiquity, is the capital and largest city of Jerash Governorate which is located about 45 km north of Amman towards Syria as shown in Figure 1. Jerash Governorate's geographical features vary from mountains (about 1000 m above mean sea level) to fertile valleys (250 to 300 meters above mean sea level) which are suitable for growing a wide variety of crops. According to the Jordanian Department of Statistics (DOS), Jerash Governorate’s population in 2009 was about 180,000 with about 37,000 living in the city of Jerash.

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Figure 1: Location map for Jerash Governorate within the Kingdom of Jordan

Jerash is the second-most popular tourist attraction in Jordan, closely behind the ruins of Petra. The ruins of Jerash have been carefully preserved and spared from encroachment, with the modern city sprawling to the east and west of ancient Jerash's city walls.

Background data and information for the proposed remedial activities are currently under preparation and will be reported in the Jerash Wastewater Treatment Feasibility Study prepared by CDM for USAID and MWI/WAJ.

3. Project Descriptions

The main objective of the Jerash Wastewater System improvements is to assess and evaluate the wastewater system (networks and treatment plants), to determine the most feasible option to handle the flows during the design period, to study effluent reuse options and to implement the work.

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The sewered areas of Jerash are divided into East & West catchments. The sewer system in the East catchment serves the city center and developed areas northeast to the village of Soof, and wastewater is discharged to the existing East Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The newly constructed sewer system in the West catchment will serve areas to the west of the city center and will discharge to the newly constructed West WWTP, Al Me’rad. House connections to the West catchment sewer lines have yet to be constructed, so the West WWTP receives no influent at this time. Figure 2 shows a general plan for the wastewater collection systems in Jerash Governorate.

The effluent from the East WWTP, other than reuse uptake, eventually discharges to the reservoir at King Talal Dam on the Zarqa River. Effluent from the West WWTP will also discharge to the reservoir in the future.

The East WWTP, shown in Figure 3, is both hydraulically and biologically overloaded. The East plant is not performing well and presents environmental and operator safety hazards, and MWI/WAJ have requested the design team to place top priority on this study and design. The MWI/WAJ would like to consider options for long term solutions to the Jerash wastewater system, including transferring some or all of the wastewater flow from the East WWTP to the West WWTP (shown in Figure 5).

The East WWTP was designed for a flow of 3,750 m3/day and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) load of 2,415 kg/day. Currently, the East WWTP receives an average flow in the range of 3,500 m3/day and a BOD load of 4,700 kg/day, almost double the design organic load. The projected average flow from the East Catchment service area at year 2035 is expected to be 10,000 m3/day with a BOD loading of 13,500 kg/day.

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Figure 2: General Plan for the Wastewater collection systems in Jerash Governorate

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Aeration tank Effluent discharged to wadi

Wadi drainage upstream from East WWTP View of wadi downstream of WWTP

Figure 3. Photos of the existing East WWTP plant in Jerash

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West WWTP Effluent drain from West WWTP

Figure 4. Photos of the newly constructed West WWTP in Jerash

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Figure 5: Transferring wastewater flows from the East WWTP to the West WWTP

The West WWTP is recently commissioned and designed for an average flow of 10,000 m3/day and BOD load of 7,500 kg/day. The projected average flow from the West catchment service area at year 2035 is expected to be about 8,500 m3/day with an average BOD loading of 10,000 kg/day.

Three basic alternatives of design are being studied at this time for improving/enhancing the capacities of the existing WWTPs. The alternatives for improving/enhancing the capacities of the existing WWTPs would include options for transferring wastewater flow from the East WWTP to the West WWTP, Al Me’rad, as shown in Figure 5. The three alternatives for improving/enhancing the capacities of the existing WWTPs are:

 Alternative 1: Decommission the East WWTP from service, transfer all flows to the West WWTP and expand the West WWTP for future capacity needs. This alternative includes constructing a pipeline (siphon or force main) and pump station(s) to transfer all the flow entering the East WWTP to the West WWTP. A future expansion of the West WWTP may require land acquisition.

 Alternative 2: Rehabilitation of the existing East WWTP to a capacity consistent with the current biological loading and transferring the remaining flows to the West WWTP. A future expansion of the West WWTP may require land acquisition. This alternative will require the transfer of the remaining wastewater flows to the western system as noted in Alternative 1.

 Alternative 3: Design and construct a new East WWTP to receive the maximum wastewater flows from the east catchment area consistent with biological loading. The existing East WWTP will be either rehabilitated or demolished for the expansion. It is unlikely that this alternative will require land acquisition to expand the existing site boundary or require the transfer of the

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wastewater flows to the western system. It is likely that future expansion of the West WWTP within the design horizon would be required. The options for transferring wastewater flows from the East WWTP to the West WWTP, if required, will be considered during design and would include one or a combination of the following as shown in Figure 5: A. Construct Pump Station at the headworks to the East WWTP and pump wastewater to the West WWTP through a pipeline (force main). B. Construct a pipeline (siphon) from the headworks of the East WWTP to a pump station on the west side of Wadi Jerash and pump through a pipeline to the West WWTP. The WWTP design and flow diversion alternatives will be analyzed with consideration of capital cost, operation and maintenance costs, land acquisition, environmental impacts, and reuse impacts to arrive at the most effective recommended solution.

4. Environmental Considerations and Key Issues The project team is conducting an Environmental Assessment (EA) of the proposed design alternatives for the expansion and improvements to the Jerash wastewater facilities. An EA is a process used to identify and predict the environmental consequences of a newly planned activity and to assist in planning appropriate measures to reduce the adverse effects and maximize environmental benefits before such activities are allowed to be implemented. It is a practical and valuable means for aiding decision makers as regards to project implementation. The EA process provides the decision makers with reasonably accurate information concerning existing environmental conditions, potentially significant environmental impacts and possible mitigation measures, monitoring programs, opportunities for environmental enhancement and environmental management plans. “Scoping” is an EA activity which: • Identifies those attributes of the environment for which there are concerns; and • Provides a plan that enables the EA team to be focused on those attributes. Scoping is a shared responsibility where the proponent government agencies, Jerash Governorate, MWI/WAJ, and USAID, and the public, all have a role. The Scoping Meeting is part of this process. Potential impacts and/or effects that have been identified so far, whether positive or negative, are divided into 4 categories and listed below:

I- General

 There will be improvements in public health by having better effluent quality from both WWTPs. The effluent will be free of pathogens or organisms that could have an adverse effect on public health.

 Improvements to the wastewater treatment process will add to the upfront capital cost of treatment. However, the resulting improvements in wastewater quality will provide more advantages of beneficial reuse and make it easier to discharge the effluent to the surrounding environment.

 Employment opportunities will be produced for skilled, semiskilled and unskilled laborers during construction and operation & maintenance.

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 The system will produce an effluent of adequate quality to support the irrigation of trees and non-consumed crops in the Jerash area.

 Construction activities may impact antiquities including the discovery of new archaeological sites during investigation or construction.

 Due to requirements for monitoring of wastewater influent and effluent, there will be increased demand for local laboratory services.

 Construction activities may impact tourist and recreational activities.

 There is a potential impact of construction activities on the natural environment such as the possibility of contaminating the groundwater and soil during construction.

 There may be an impact on public safety, traffic control and utilities interruptions during construction including interruptions of water or electric services.

II- Removal of the East WWTP from service and transferring all flows to the West WWTP

 Impact on the irrigation of the farmlands that have depended on the effluent from the East WWTP.

 There will be an impact of having effluent at the West WWTP. Discharging the anticipated effluent into the wadi may affect the land acquisitions, farmlands, culverts and other infrastructures on its path.

 There may be limitations to how much effluent can be accepted for irrigation, from season to season.

III- Rehabilitation/expansion the existing East WWTP

 The limited area of the existing East WWTP and potential problems of any land acquisition make rehabilitation/expansion problematic. Also, the adequate land to be acquired for treating and drying the sludge, and stockpiling it on site will be an additional project cost unless or until the solids can be transported for appropriate disposal or agricultural use.

 There may be a social impact due to increasing odors and degrading the surrounding air quality at the existing East WWTP during construction.

 There will be improvement in the quality of effluent available for irrigation once the East WWTP is rehabilitated or expanded.

IV- Wastewater diversion from the East WWTP to West WWTP

 There will be short-term impacts from construction activities on roads, farmlands, and nearby residences in the vicinity of the construction.

 There will be additional operation and maintenance activities at the new pump station needed to divert the flow from East WWTP to West WWTP, and potential problems of noise, odors and disposal of screenings.

 There will be impacts on land use and energy consumption where the new pump stations are to be located. 5. Outline of the Environmental Assessment Report

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In the next few months CDM will prepare an “Environmental Assessment Report” describing this project, its beneficial and adverse impacts upon the local environment, and upon the health and well- being of the people who live in the project area. The Environmental Assessment will be based on the technical information we have gathered so far, and the comments and questions that you bring to this meeting, the Environmental Scoping Session. In this meeting, we will tell you what we plan to do and how we plan to do it. We also must listen to your concerns, ideas, and information. The Environmental Assessment Report will be arranged according to the outline shown on the next page.

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Appendix B – Proceedings of Scoping Session B.4.2 Arabic Handout

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APPENDIX C Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria

Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Project Environmental Scoping Statement Jerash

APPENDIX C - JORDANIAN EFFLUENT QUALITY CRITERIA

C.1 JORDANIAN RECLAIMED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER STANDARD The third edition of the Jordanian standard JS893/2006 issued on 13 November 2006 is concerned with the standard of reclaimed domestic wastewater. It lists a wide range of parameters that must be achieved for various reuse options. The standard divides the reuse into three categories: . Category 1. The discharge of reclaimed effluent to streams and reservoirs. . Category 2.The discharge to ground water (recharge). . Category 3. The reuse for irrigation of crops. The standard requires different levels of treatment depending on the end use of the treated effluent. Category 3, dedicated for the irrigation of cooked vegetables as presented in Table C.2, requires the highest level of treatment. It should be noted that the standard forbids the use of reclaimed effluent for the irrigation of crops that can be eaten raw. The chemical parameters are divided into two groups. Group 1 includes the parameters which could be controlled by biological treatment (BOD, COD, TN etc). The majority of group 2 parameters are not affected by biological treatment (Heavy metals, TDS, Phenol etc). Table C-1 presents group 1 maximum acceptable limits for the characteristics of effluent to be discharged to flowing and accumulated water and recharge to ground water. Table C-2 presents group 1 characteristic of effluent to be used for irrigation of the 4 crop categories designated as A, B, C, and D. Table C.3 presents group 2 characteristics of effluent to be discharged and utilized for irrigation. The design intent for treatment upgrades and improvements in Jerash is to meet Category A quality standards dedicated for irrigation of cooked vegetables, parks and playgrounds.

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Appendix C – Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria

Table C- 1 Maximum Effluent Characteristics for Discharge to Streams, Wadis, Reservoirs or Groundwater Recharge Discharge Parameter Unit Groundwater Artificial Streams, Wadis & Reservoirs Recharge

BOD5 15 60

COD 50 150

DO >2 >1

TSS 50 60

NO3 as NO3 mg/l 30 80

+ NH4 5 -

Total-N 45 70

PO4 as PO4 15 15

FOG 8 8

E.Coli (MPN/100 ml) 2.2 1000

Nematodes (eggs/L) <1 <1

Table C- 2 Group 1 Effluent Characteristics for Irrigation of Crops Allowable limits per end use Fruit Trees, Cooked Vegetables, Field Crops, Sides of Roads Parks, Playgrounds Industrial Parameter Unit outside city Cut Flowers and Sides of Roads Crops and limits, and within city limits Forest Trees landscape A B C D

Biological Oxygen mg/l 30 200 300 15 Demand Chemical Oxygen mg/l 100 500 500 50 Demand

Dissolved Oxygen mg/l >2 - - >2

Total suspended solids mg/l 50 150 150 15

pH unit 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9

Turbidity NTU 10 - - 5

Nitrate mg/l 30 45 45 45

Total Nitrogen mg/l 45 70 70 70

Escherishia Coli MPN/100 ml 100 1000 - <1.1

Intestinal Helminthes Egg/l < 1 < 1 < 1 <1 Eggs

Fats, Oils & Grease mg/l 8 8 8 2

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Appendix C – Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria

Table C- 3 Group 2 Effluent Characteristics for Effluent Discharge to Wadis, Groundwater Recharge, or Irrigation Allowable Limit

Parameters Abbreviation Unit Irrigation Wadi Aquifer Discharge Recharge A+B+C Cut Flowers Categories Phenol Phenol mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Detergent MBAS mg/l 25 25 100 15

Total Dissolved Solids TDS mg/l 1500 1500 1500 1500

Chloride Cl mg/l 350 350 400 400

Sulfate SO4 mg/l 300 300 500 500

Bicarbonate HCO3 mg/l 400 400 400 400

Sodium Na mg/l 200 200 230 230

Magnesium Mg mg/l 60 60 100 100

Calcium Ca mg/l 200 200 230 230 Sodium Adsorption SAR - 6 6 9 9 Ration Aluminium Al mg/l 2 2 5 5

Arsenic As mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1

Berelium Be mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Copper Cu mg/l 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.2

Floride F mg/l 1.5 2 2 2

Iron Fe mg/l 5 5 5 5 2.5(0.075 for Lithium Li mg/l 2.5 2.5 0.075 citrus crops) Manganese Mn mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Molibdinum Mo mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Nikel Ni mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Lead Pb mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Selenium Se mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Cadmium Cd mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Zinc Zn mg/l 5 5 5 5

Chrome Cr mg/l 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.1

Mercury Hg mg/l 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002

Vanadium V mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Cobalt Co mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Boron B mg/l 1 1 1 1

Cyanide CN mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

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Appendix C – Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria C.2 INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT STANDARD Industrial effluents are controlled by JS 202/2007 which specifies the quality of industrial effluent to be used for irrigation or disposal to streams and rivers. In addition the Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) issued regulations for the characteristics of industrial effluent to be discharged to the public sewer system.WAJ regulations require maximum pollutant concentrations of 800, 1100, 50, 50 and 2100 for BOD5, TSS, TP, FOG and COD respectively. C.3 JORDANIAN STANDARDS FOR TREATED SLUDGE AND SLUDGE DISPOSAL (JS1145:2006) The Jordanian standard for treated sludge specifies the conditions that the sludge produced from domestic wastewater treatment plants should meet in order to be used to improve soil characteristics, or as organic fertilizer for agriculture, or to be disposed in solid waste sites. The standard divides the sludge into three classes according to the end use and level of treatment: . First Class is allowed to be used for all applications. . Second Class is allowed to be used for soil conditioning. . Third Class is only allowed to be disposed to solid waste sites. The standard prohibits the use of sludge on vegetable crops regardless of the level of sludge treatment. This is considered to be excessively precautionary. Producing first class sludge requires advanced treatment methods to comply with the required microbiological quality and disinfection. The standard specifies the maximum concentration of trace metals and pathogens and the annual application rates and maximum accumulation limits. With regard to treatment levels, a volatile solids reduction of 38% is required for the first and second class. Recommended treatment methods include heated aerobic digestion, anaerobic and aerobic digestion. Treatment methods for the third class includes thickening up to 3% solids.

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Appendix C – Jordanian Effluent Quality Criteria

Table C.4 Maximum Limits Allowed in Sludge Concentration Parameters and Symbol Unit other conditions First Class Second Class Third Class

Arsenic As 41 75 75

Cadmium Cd 40 40 85

Chromium Cr 900 900 3000

Copper Cu 1500 3000 4300

Mercury Hg 17 57 57 mg/kg Dry Weight Molybdenum Mo 75 75 75

Nickel Ni 300 400 420

Selenium Se 100 100 100

Lead Pb 100 840 840

Zinc Zn 2800 4000 7500

Moisture level % 10% 50% -

Total Fecal TFCC MPN/gm 1000 2,000,000 - coliform Salmonella 3 - -

Nematode egg/4gm dry 1 - -

Virus unit/gm dry 1 - -

Table C-5 Sludge Annual Rates and Maximum Accumulation Limits in Soil Annual application Maximum accumulation Parameter Symbol rate limits in soil Kg/ha/Year Kg/ha Arsenic As 1 20

Cadmium Cd 1 20

Chromium Cr 25 500

Copper Cu 35 700

Mercury Hg 0.85 17

Molybdenum Mo 0.9 18

Nickel Ni 5 100

Selenium Se 2 40

Lead Pb 11 220

Zinc Zn 50 1000

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APPENDIX D Soil Analysis

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APPENDIX D - SOIL ANALYSIS

Table D- 1 Soil Analyses at Wadi Jerash and Wadi Amamah

Soil pH EC Ca Mg Na CEC P K N O.M. Clay Silt depth SAR ESPMeq/10 Texture Unit dS/m Meq/L ppm % (cm) 0g Citrus field irrigated by effluent from east WWTP 7.5 3.56 84.43 Sandy 0-10 15 10.5 10.78 3.02 3.02 25.7 171.8 424.1 0.34 5.51 18.7 20.7 7.8 4.51 Loam 4.17 7.9 1.91 Sandy 8.2 1.96 10-40 6.2 7.3 6.85 2.642.5 20.8 132.5 386.9 0.14 1.92 24.7 16.6 Clay 8.1 1.95 Loam 8.07 1.94 8.2 1.78 Sandy 8.3 1.74 > 40 5.5 6.1 7.58 3.14 3.18 18.4 93 275.4 0.05 0.73 22.6 16.5 Clay 8.2 1.78 Loam 8.23 1.77 Average 8.05 2.62 8.90 7.97 8.40 2.93 2.90 21.63 132.43 362.13 0.18 2.72 22.00 17.93 Olive field irrigated by effluent from east WWTP 82.99 8.2 2.76 Clay 0-10 10 9.2 10.99 3.55 3.73 26.1 144 693.7 0.21 3.24 28.9 26.8 8.2 2.83 Loam 8.13 2.86 7.9 4.37 7.9 4.35 Clay 10-40 17 8.7 17.11 4.77 5.34 25.7 130 656.5 0.12 3.24 30.9 26.8 8.2 4.6 Loam 8.00 4.44 8.1 3.39 8.2 3.29 Clay > 40 6 9.8 18.57 6.61 7.65 23.8 33.2 414.8 0.09 1.29 35 24.8 7.9 2.92 Loam 8.07 3.20 Average 8.07 3.50 11.00 9.23 15.56 4.98 5.57 25.20 102.40 588.33 0.14 2.59 31.60 26.13

Reference: Jerash WWTP effluent reuse study by CDM (February 2011)

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Soil pH EC Ca Mg Na SAR ESP CEC P K N O.M. Clay Silt Texture Meq/10 Unit dS/m Meq/L ppm % 0g

Olive field irrigated by water from springs (West WWTP) 8.2 0.87 Sandy 8.4 0.76 0-10 4.8 5.2 1.93 0.87 0.02 15.9 49.3 191.7 0.13 1.95 22.6 18.5 Clay 8.3 0.98 Loam 8.30 0.87 8.1 1.35 Sandy 8.2 1.4 10-40 5.4 7.6 2.96 1.16 0.44 15.3 49.3 182.4 0.11 1.99 23.2 24.1 Clay 8.3 1.37 Loam 8.20 1.37 8.1 1.3 8.1 1.19 Sandy > 40 4 6 4.42 1.98 1.59 11 4.9 52.3 0.03 0.49 18.1 25.5 8.2 1.18 Loam 8.13 1.22 Average 8.21 1.16 4.73 6.27 3.10 1.34 0.68 14.07 34.50 142.13 0.09 1.48 21.30 22.70 Olive field rain-fed (West WWTP) Clay 0-10 7.9 0.74 4 3 1.61 0.86 0.01 27.4 15 284.7 0.08 1.32 33.6 24.2 Loam Clay 10-40 7.9 0.63 3.2 3.3 1.55 0.86 0.01 30.5 3.3 191.7 0.07 0.91 37.1 24.9 Loam > 40 8.1 0.43 2.5 1.5 1.21 0.86 0.01 35.4 2.4 228.9 0.02 0.63 48.3 23.3 Clay Average 7.97 0.60 3.23 2.60 1.46 0.86 0.01 31.10 6.90 235.10 0.06 0.95 39.67 24.13

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APPENDIX E Nomenclature

APPENDIX E - NOMENCLATURE

Table E- 1 English Spelling of Arabic Locality Names

Arabic English Arabic English Locality اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ Locality اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ Jerash District Jerash District (continued) 'Qrei ﻗﺮﻳﻊ Al-Jbarat اﻟﺠﺒﺎرات Qafqafa ﻗﻔﻘﻔﺎ Al-Juneidiyyeh اﻟﺠﻨﻴﺪﻳﺔ (اﻟﻤﺸﻴﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ) Kufr Khall آﻔﺮﺧﻞ Al-Hazeah اﻟﺤﺎزﻳﺔ Soof Refugee Camp ﻣﺨﻴﻢ ﺳﻮف Al-Haddadeh اﻟﺤﺪادة Gaza Camp ﻣﺨﻴﻢ ﻏﺰة Al-Huseiniyat اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎت Mastal Faisal ﻣﺸﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ Al-Rashaydeh اﻟﺮﺷﺎﻳﺪة Muqbileh ﻣﻘﺒﻠﺔ Al-Ryashi اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺷﻲ Manshiyat Hashem ﻣﻨﺸﻴﺔ هﺎﺷﻢ Al-Shawahed اﻟﺸﻮاهﺪ Najdeh ﻧﺠﺪة Sheikh Mfarrej اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﻔﺮج Nahleh ﻧﺤﻠﺔ Al-Abbarah اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة 'Al-Fayha اﻟﻔﻴﺤﺎء (اﻟﻤﺸﻴﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ) Ketteh اﻟﻜﺘﺔ Kfeir Al-Mastabah District اﻟﻜﻔﻴﺮ Al-Rayah اﻟﺮاﻳﺔ Al-Majar اﻟﻤﺠﺮ Al-Rahmaniyyah اﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ Al-Msheirfeh Al-Gharbiyyeh اﻟﻤﺸﻴﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ Al-Mastabah اﻟﻤﺼﻄﺒﺔ An-Nabi Hood اﻟﻨﺒﻲ هﻮد Tale't Ar-Ruz ﺗﻠﻌﺔ اﻟﺮز Um Az-Zaitoon ام اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮن Jubbah ﺟﺒﺔ Um Rameh ام راﻣﺢ 'Marsa ﻣﺮﺻﻊ Um Qontara ام ﻗﻨﻄﺮة Baliela Burma District ﺑﻠﻴﻼ Al-Jazzazeh اﻟﺠﺰازة Jaba ﺟﺒﺎ Al-Fawara اﻟﻔﻮارة Jerash ﺟﺮش Al-Majdal اﻟﻤﺠﺪل Jamla ﺟﻤﻼ Al-Mansourah اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة (اﻟﺨﺸﻴﺒﺔ ) Dibbeen دﺑﻴﻦ Al-Hooneh اﻟﻬﻮﻧﺔ Deir Al-Liyyat دﻳﺮ اﻟﻠﻴﺎت Burma ﺑﺮﻣﺎ Raimoon رﻳﻤﻮن Alaymoon ﻋﻠﻴﻤﻮن Zaqreet زﻗﺮﻳﻂ Hamta هﻤﺘﺎ Sakeb ﺳﺎآﺐ Soof ﺳﻮف Dahr As-Srou Facility Names ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺴﺮو Al-Me'rad (West Jerash) WWTP ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮاض Asfoor ﻋﺼﻔﻮر Jerash WWTP ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺟﺮش Amamah ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ Ain Ad-Deek PS ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﺪﻳﻚ Eneibeh ﻋﻨﻴﺒﺔ

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