ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Center for Language and Cognition

CLCG Annual Report 2016

Foreword

On behalf of the Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), we are pleased to present the 2016 Annual Report. The research institute CLCG is home to all the linguistic research carried out within the Faculty of Arts of the . The CLCG is a research institute within the Faculty of Arts of the University of Groningen. The CLCG continued its research into 2016 and this report summarizes the institute’s activities during the year. A substantial appendix, including a full list of publications of all CLCG staff members in 2016, their lectures and other academic and professional activities, may be found on the institute’s website, http://www.UG.nl/research/clcg/ (see the section on “Annual Reports”). This is the last annual report under my directorship. I wish my successor as of 2017, Prof. Gertjan van Noord, good luck as the new director of CLCG.

Petra Hendriks Prof. Petra Hendriks, Director CLCG

Index

2 About CLCG 2 Mission 32 Research integrity and governance 3 Organization of the institute 3 CLCG staff 4 PhD program me 5 Externally funded projects/ grants 5 CLCG research output – overview

2 Research within CLCG 6 Computational Linguistics 9 Discourse and Communicaton 12 Neurolinguistics and Language Development 17 Theoretical and Empirical Linguistics

3 CLCG in society 20 CLCG Societal Impact activities 2016 - overview 20 Computational Linguistics 21 Discourse and Communicaton 22 Neurolinguistics and Language Development

24 Theoretical and Empirical Linguistics 25 Narrative – Lost in Translation Found in Meaning

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1 ABOUT CLCG Research integrity & governance The quality of research conducted at the Mission University of Groningen (UG) is assessed The mission of CLCG is to conduct and against the highest international standards. In support high-quality linguistic research and addition, the University complies with the disseminate the results of this research to the behavioural rules drawn up by the Association international scientific community and to of Universities in the society at large. Research in CLCG focuses on (VSNU:Vereniging van Universiteiten), which the dynamics of language. From a variety of can be found in the Dutch Code of Conduct for monodisciplinary and multidisciplinary Scientific Practice. Important values in this perspectives, CLCG studies computational code of conduct include care, reliability, processing of language, processes in discourse verifiability and independence. The University and communication, neurolinguistic of Groningen also has its own regulations for processing and language development across the protection of academic integrity, the lifespan, and variation and change in describing which actions must be taken in the linguistic structure and meaning. The aim is to event that academic norms are violated. uncover the processes that underlie the use of language in individuals and society. Shared responsibility All those involved in teaching and research at CLCG aims to realise these goals by setting the the University of Groningen are jointly following priorities: responsible for preventing and identifying • CLCG actively contributes to the University academic misbehaviour. Upon being of Groningen’s societal themes (Energy, appointed, researchers declare that they are Healthy Ageing and Sustainable Society). In familiar with the Dutch Code of Conduct for particular, CLCG contributes to the theme of Academic Practice and will obey it. Research Healthy Ageing with its research on typical integrity is a regular part of the assessment and atypical language development and use interviews with PhD’s especially in the first across the lifespan and health communication, year progress assessment interview. and to the theme of Sustainable Society with its research on multilingualism, mutual Ethical Committee understandability between languages, literacy Linguistic research involving human development and language teaching. participants is reviewed by the Ethical Review • CLCG fosters interdisciplinary approaches Committee (Commissie Ethische Toetsing to the study of language. The contribution of Onderzoek, or CETO) of the Faculty of Arts, CLCG to the cognitive neurosciences is the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of reflected in the affiliation of several CLCG Theology and Religious Studies. The Ethical members with the Research School of Review Committee was appointed in 2015 to Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences ensure that the ethical rules governing the (BCN). conduct of research with human participants • Linguistic research in CLCG is closely are adhered to. Linguistic research that is connected to the instructional needs of the medical in nature (e.g., involving patients) or faculty, e.g., in the languages spoken in uses an invasive research method (such as modern Europe. fMRI or TMS) is subject to approval by the • CLCG has a special responsibility for the Medical Ethical Committee of the UMCG Dutch languages and dialects, especially those (Medisch Ethische Toetsingsingscommissie, spoken in the northern Netherlands (Dutch, or METc). All other linguistic research Frisian and Lower Saxon, including (including research involving EEG Grunnings). methodology, adults with aphasia or children

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with autism) can be assessed by the Ethical Organisation of the institute Review Committee. Currently, only research Director grant proposals which raise potential ethical Prof. P. Hendriks issues and intended studies that require approval of the local ethics committee by CLCG consists of four Research Groups, editorial boards of journals are assessed by the organized by subdiscipline: Ethical Review Committee. In the future, • Computational Linguistics given sufficient financial resources, the scope • Discourse and Communication of the Ethical Review Committee could be • Neurolinguistics and Language broadened to include all research of staff and Development PhD candidates involving human participants. • Theoretical and Empirical Linguistics

Research data management Coordinators of the Research Groups Data management is high on the agenda of the Prof. G.J. van Noord (Computational University of Groningen. The University Linguistics) Board has requested all SEP institutes to Prof. J.C.J. Hoeks (Discourse and prepare a Research Data Management Plan Communication) (RDMP) for their institute. Within the Faculty Prof. B.A.M. Maassen (Neurolinguistics and of Arts, a Research Data Management Language Development) Committee has been installed in 2015 to look Dr. M. de Vries (Theoretical and Empirical into current practices, advise the Faculty Linguistics) Board on a policy regarding the storage and management of research data, and advise the Advisory Board directors of the research institutes in their Prof. Roelien Bastiaanse, Prof. Johan Bos, task to develop and implement a RDMP. In Prof. Kees de Glopper (chair), Prof. Jack addition, data management is discussed by the Hoeksema, Prof. John Hoeks, Prof. Carel director of CLCG in the first-year interviews Jansen, Prof. Tom Koole, Dr. Wander Lowie, with PhD candidates and their supervisors. Prof. Ben Maassen, Prof. John Nerbonne, Prof. Gertjan van Noord, Joëlle Ooms (PhD- Council representative), Prof. Gisela Redeker, Prof. Siemon Reker, Prof. Marjolein Verspoor, Dr. Mark de Vries, Prof. Gerry Wakker, Prof. Jan-Wouter Zwart

Staff

Staff composition - position Staff composition – position/gender

160 144 90 81 140 80 70 63 120 52 100 80 60 50 80 40 28 60 30 40 29 11 1316 17 11 7 20 6 8 20 10 3 3 4 0 0

male female

3

CLCG Annual Report 2016

Staff composition research groups

71 70 Full professor

Associate professor 60 Assistant professor

50 Postdoc 50 PhD student

40 Total

29 30 23 21 20 15

10 9 10 7 6 7 6 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 Computational Discourse and Neurolinguistics and Theoretical and Linguistics Communication Language Empirical Linguistics Development

PhD programme Within the UG, CLCG participates in the students choose to participate in the national Graduate school for Humanities (GSH). graduate school in linguistics, LOT Formally the GSH is responsible for (Landelijke Onderzoeksschool recruiting and selecting graduate students, Taalwetenschap). One of the major tasks of for assigning them to supervisors, and for BCN and LOT is offering training courses to monitoring their progress toward the PhD PhD students. Various PhD students attend degree. Nevertheless, CLCG members are courses that are organized by BCN and LOT, involved in all of these processes. The while some senior CLCG researchers teach director of CLCG carries out the first year such courses. assessment interviews on behalf of the GSH. We hope to continue to serve as an CLCG is also affiliated with various excellent training center for students research schools. Many CLCG PhD students interested in research careers. In 2016, participate in Groningen’s Research School of thirteen PhD projects were defended. A list of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences CLCG PhD students, together with the source (BCN), a local interdisciplinary research of funding for their project and the title of school that brings together research from five their project can be found on the CLCG different faculties of the University of website. Groningen. Likewise, many of CLCG PhD

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Externally funded projects/ grants 8 ongoing externally funded projects continued, 6 projects were completed, and 5 projects were initiated in 2016:

Title Grant Period • The age effect in bilingual development (Monika Schmid) NWO-VICI 2010-2016 • INCPAR (Incomplete Parenthesis) (Mark de Vries) ERC-Starting 2010-2016 Grant • Neurolinguistic profiles of developmental dyslexia in a longitudinal NWO-Open 2011-2018 perspective (Ben Maassen) Competition • IDEALAB International Doctorate in Experimental Approaches to EU-EACEA 2011-2019 Language and Brain (Roelien Bastiaanse) • Mutual intelligibility of closely related languages in Europe (Charlotte NWO-Open 2011-2016 Gooskens) Competition • Literate: Early identification and prevention of reading problems in Marie Curie EU 2013-2017 alphabetic and semanto-phonetic writing environments (Ben Maassen) (IRSES) • Improving speech learning models and English pronunciation with NWO-VENI 2013-2017 articulography (Martijn Wieling) • QtLeap (Gertjan van Noord) EU FP7-ICT 2013-2016 • Effectiveness of explicit vs. implicit L2 instruction (Kees de Bot) NWO-DG 2013-2018 • A Crosslinguistic Perspective on Children’s Acquisition of Grammar Van Gogh 2014-2016 Meaning Interface (Angeliek van Hout) Program • Grasping Meaning across Languages and Learners (GraMALL) NWO- Int. in 2014-2017 (Angeliek van Hout) the Hum. • Frontiers of Language Variety (John Nerbonne) NWO- Int. in 2014-2016 the Hum. • Parsing Algorithms for Uncertain Input (Gertjan van Noord) Nuance 2014-2018 Foundation • Lost in Translation – Found in Meaning (Johan Bos) NWO-VICI 2015-2020 • Acting individually or together? An investigation of children’s NWO-DG 2016-2020 development of distributivity (Petra Hendriks) • Idioms in the ageing brain: The effects of age-related cognitive decline NWO-DG 2016-2020 on the processing and comprehension of idioms (Petra Hendriks) • Learning language from expectations (Jacolien van Rij) NWO-VENI 2016-2020 • The Language of Fiction and Imagination (Emar Maier) NWO-VIDI 2016-2021 • Schrijfvaardigheid in ontwikkeling binnen het Hofstad Lyceum (Kees NRO 2016-2017 de Glopper) Kennisrotonde

CLCG Research output – overview

CLCG research output 2016 Journal article 61 Book chapter 19 Conference proceeding 25 Book 1 Non-refereed publication 1 Review 1 Edited journal 0 Edited book 4 Doctoral thesis 13 Total 125

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2 Research within CLCG Wordrobe, a collection of linguistic games with a purpose: www.wordrobe.org. Those games are played by non-scientists, who Computational Linguistics produce as a side-effect useful data annotation, i.e., crowd-sourcing in an entertaining fashion Staff Members: with obvious links to citizen science. Gertjan van Noord (coordinator), Johan Bos,

Leonie Bosveld-de Smet, Kilian Evang, Gosse Bouma, Charlotte Gooskens, Gregory Mills, John Highlights 2016 Nerbonne, Malvina Nissim, Barbara Plank, Antonio Toral Ruiz, Martijn Wieling Grants and Awards Postdocs: European Young Researchers’ Award Lasha Abzianidze Martijn Wieling PhD Candidates : won the EYRA 2016 Johannes Bjerva, Kilian Evang, Jelena Golubovic, (European Young Rob van der Goot, Hessel Haagsma, Franz Manni Researchers’ (extern), Rik van Noord, Dieke Oele, Simon Suster, Femke Swarte, Stefanie Voigt. Award). The price is dedicated to post- Research focus areas doctoral fellows, who have demonstrated outstanding research performance and The computational linguistics group focuses on leadership and have incorporated a clear language processing by computer, both European dimension into their research. from a theoretical, experimental and applied (http://www.euroscience.org/news/european- perspective. Important research areas include young-researchers-award-eyra-2016/) computational dialectology, computational syntax and semantics, and language Along with this price, Martijn was awarded a technology applied to Dutch. Jonge Akademie project grant for the creation In the last decade, research in computational and publication of a comic to illustrate one of dialectology has been an important focus of the the results of his articulography research to the group, with NWO-funded research projects of general public. John Nerbonne, Wilbert Heeringa, Charlotte Gooskens and most recently Martijn Wieling Best Paper Award (VENI project). Barbara Plank won the Best Paper Award with Research in computational syntax has been her paper "Keystroke dynamics as signal for a further important focus, with NWO-funded shallow syntactic parsing” at the 26th research projects of van Noord and Bouma, International Conference on Computational several NWO Stevin projects and a number of Linguistics (COLING) 2016 in Osaka, Japan. smaller scale CLARIN projects. As a result, tools (parser and generator) and resources (annotated treebanks) have been developed for Dutch which are widely used by researchers around the globe. A third important focus of the research group is computational semantics, initiated by Endowed Chair Johan Bos. The Groningen Nvidia Academic Hardware Grant Meaning Bank is a free semantically annotated Barbara Plank and Martijn Wieling were both corpus and related set of tools developed by awarded a ‘Nvidia Academic Hardware Grant’ members of the CL group. The tools include in the form of a Nvidia Titan X GPU graphics card.

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Digital Humanities Exploratory Projects Vincent van Heuven (Leiden University), Grant copromotor Charlotte Gooskens). Martijn Wieling received a Digital Humanities Femke Swarte completed her project Exploratory Project Grant from the University “Predicting the mutual intelligibility of of Groningen for his project “Identifying Dutch from linguistic and extra- Accents Automatically.” linguistic factors” (promotores John Nerbonne, Vincent van Heuven (Leiden Young Academy of Groningen University), copromotor Charlotte Gooskens). On Monday July, 4, 2016, the Young Academy Currently she works as a German teacher in of Groningen was launched. The academy secondary education in Leeuwarden. consists of a group of 17 enthusiastic top young Simon Šuster defended his thesis researchers who, in addition to their research “Empirical studies on word representations” programs, are driven by an interest in the (promotor Gertjan van Noord). Currently he is broader aspects of science, including outreach, a postdoc researcher at the Computational diversity, interdisciplinary research, and Linguistics & Psycholinguistics Research developing viewpoints on science policy. Center of the University of Antwerp. In addition to Martijn Wieling, Merel Keijzer was also named founding member of the Conferences and Workshops Young Academy of Groningen. The Deep Machine Translation Workshop 2016, organized by the QTLeap Project (Gertjan van Noord), took place at the University of Lisbon, on October 21, 2016. This was the second workshop on “Deep Machine Translation“. The first one was held in Prague in 2015. The DMTW goal was to bring together researchers and students working on machine translation approaches and technology using “deep understanding”.

Research projects Operating as an independent organisation QTLeap: a highly successful project within the University the Young Academy aims ‘The QTLeap project investigated and to: developed an innovative methodology for - unite researchers from different disciplines Machine Translation (MT) to support the to actively promote interdisciplinary research upcoming generation of global interaction - contribute viewpoints on science policy and technology across linguistic barriers. The talent development and advise the University project was funded in the 7th Framework on these and related topics Program from 2013-2016. - organise inspiring activities for the public to boost the relationship between science and society. (http://www.rug.nl/research/young-academy/)

PhD defenses In 2016, three PhD projects were completed. Jelena Golubovic sucesfully defended her Parsing algorithms are studied for input thesis “Mutual intelligibility in the Slavic containing ill-formed and unexpected input. language area” (promotores John Nerbonne, Novel combinations of classical spell-

7 CLCG Annual Report 2016 correction techniques with deep learning work • Barbara Plank was publicity chair well for normalization. Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL), from January until August 2016. Frontiers of Language Variety (John • Barbara Plank gave the keynote lecture Nerbonne) “Processing non-canonical or noisy text: The NWO Internationalization project fortuitous data to the rescue” at the 2nd "Frontiers in Language Variaton" involved Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text Groningen, Leuven and Freiburg. It completed (WNUT-2), part of the program of the 26th its final year in December 2016. The OA International Conference on Computational proceedings of ‘Methods XV, The Future of Linguistics in Osaka, Japan. December, 11, Dialects’, (held in Groningen) included four 2016. papers from project participants, and appeared • Martijn Wieling became chair of the science in February 2016. policy committee of the Dutch Young Academy (DJA). Improving speech learning models and English pronunciation with articulography Featured publication – In this project, Martijn Wieling investigates Computational Linguistics tongue trajectory differences between native and non-native English speech. Furthermore, Plank, B. (2016). Keystroke dynamics as he investigates if visualizing tongue trajectories signal for shallow syntactic helps English pronunciation teaching. parsing. Proceedings of COLING 2016: Technical Papers, p. 609. Mutual intelligibility of closely related http://coling2016.anlp.jp/doc/main.pdf languages in Europe Charlotte Gooskens and colleagues tested Abstract: mutual intelligibility between 60 pairs of Keystroke dynamics have been extensively closely related Germanic, Romance and Slavic used in psycholinguistic and writing languages and explained the results by means research to gain insights into cognitive of linguistic and non-linguistic factors. processing. But do keystroke logs contain actual signal that can be used Lost in Translation – Found in Meaning to learn better natural language (Johan Bos) processing models? We postulate that The aim of this NWO-VICI (2015-2020) keystroke dynamics contain information project is to study the role of meaning in about syntactic structure that can inform translation. This is done by building a large shallow syntactic parsing. To test this semantically annotated parallel corpus for the hypothesis, we explore labels derived languages English, German, Dutch and Italian. from keystroke logs as auxiliary task in a multi-task bidirectional Long Short-Term Other activities Memory (bi-LSTM). Our results show • Johan Bos was plenary speaker promising results on two shallow at the Logical Aspects of Computational syntactic parsing tasks, chunking and Linguistics (LACL) conference in Nancy, CCG supertagging. Our model is simple, France, December, 7, 2016 . has the advantage that data can come • John Nerbonne gave the keynote lecture from distinct sources, and produces ‘Vaulting ambition’, at the Grammar and models that are significantly better than Corpora conference at the Institute for the models trained on the text annotations in Mannheim, Germany, alone. November, 11, 2016.

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Key publications - Computational Discourse and Communication Linguistics Staff Members: Bos, J. (2016). Expressive Power of John Hoeks (coordinator), Veerle Baaijen, Marcel Abstract Meaning Representations. Bax, Kees de Glopper, Myrte Gosen, Mike Huiskes, Computational Linguistics, 42(3), 527- Carel Jansen, Tom Koole, Femke Kramer, Jacqueline 535. van Kruiningen, Yfke Ongena, Gisela Redeker, Ielka van der Sluis, Ninke Stukker.

PhD Candidates: Schneider, C. & Gooskens, C. (2016). Lennie Donné, Agnes Engbersen (external), Anke Approaching micro-level planning Herder (external), Frans Hiddink (external), Ruth from an intelligibility perspective: a Koops van’t Jagt, Joëlle Ooms, Maaike Pulles case study from Pentecost Island, (external), Nynke van der Schaaf (external), Ellen Vanuatu. Journal of Multilingual and Schep (external), Lucas Seuren, Nienke van der Vliet, Multicultural Development, 1-15. Louise van Weerden (external), Annerose Willemsen, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2 Lambert Zaad (external). 016.1212865 Research focus areas Plank, B. (2016). Keystroke dynamics as The Discourse and Communication group signal for shallow syntactic conducts quantitative and qualitative parsing. The 26th International research on language and communication. The Conference on Computational group’s research addresses a variety of themes Linguistics (COLING). Osaka, Japan: within the broad field of communication Association for Computational research. Object of study are communication Linguistics (ACL). processes in general, but also more specifically the design and optimization of communication Wieling, M., Grieve, J., Bouma, G., products, the persuasive effects of these Fruehwald, J., Coleman, J. & communication products, the development of Liberman, M. (2016). Variation and communication skills, and the way these skills change in the use of hesitation are taught in primary and secondary education markers in Germanic languages. and trained in the workplace. Communication is Language Dynamics and Change, investigated primarily in professional settings 6(2), 199-234. such as health care (persuasive health campaigns, doctor-patient conversations), and Wieling, M., Tomaschek, F., Arnold, education (teacher-student interaction), but also D., Tiede, M., Bröker, F., Thiele, S., in public and private organisations (persuasive Wood, S. & Baayen, R.H. effects of advertisements, interaction and (2016). Investigating dialectal conversation during meetings, campaigns on differences using articulography. sustainability). Its research program is closely Journal of Phonetics, 59, 122-143. linked to the University of Groningen research focus areas Healthy Ageing and Sustainable Society.

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Highlights 2016 and 2018) where the focus is more on the research process rather than on research Conferences and Symposia output. The academy is meant for CA Symposium ‘The Multimodal Expression of researchers in all career stages, including PhD Viewpoint’ students. It offers members of the CA The symposium The Multimodal Expression of community an environment to learn from each Viewpoint was held on the occasion of the PhD other about analytical choices, modes of defence of Kashmiri Stec, January 18, 2016. It analytical reasoning, and the different was organized by Gisela Redeker with a technologies that may support CA research. number of international speakers: Herbert H. The program comprised four 4-day Clark (Stanford), Aliyah Morgenstern workshops on "Interaction Organization" (Sorbonne Nouvelle), Teenie Matlock (UC (Geoffrey Raymond), on "Actions and Merced) and the two local speakers Tom Koole Activities" (Paul Drew & Merran Toerien) on (UG) and Alan Cienki (VU Amsterdam and "Practices" (Lorenza Mondada), and on Moscow State Linguistic University). embodiment "Contexts" in medical interaction (Jeffrey Robinson). Two plenary lectures were Groningen Symposium on Language and given, one by Elisabeth Couper-Kuhlen titled Social Interaction (GSLI) “Interactional Linguistics: its Achievements Last year, the first GSLI was concerned with and its Future” and one by Anita Pomerantz interaction and learning, and this year’s focus titled “Methodological Issues in Converstion was on interaction and health care. The Analysis: Starting and Moving Forward”. organizing committee consisted of Tom Koole Members of the organizing committee were: and Yfke Ongena. The symposium attracted 30 Agnes Engbersen, Myrte Gosen, Mike Huiskes, participants from the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Tom Koole, Henrike Padmos, Lucas Seuren. Finland and of course the Netherlands. The theme of health care was well represented across its full range by the speakers. The presentations covered canonical encounters like the consultation between a consultant surgeon and their patient (Mike Huiskes on how orthopedic surgeons extend their questions beyond the completion point) all the way to online support and advice sessions (Margot Jager and Wyke Stommel on chat counselling) (https://rolsi.net/2016/01/31/guest-blog- groningen-symposium-on-language-and-social- Foto credit: Lucas Seuren interaction/). PhD defenses International Academy for CA (IACA16) In 2016, two PhD theses were successfully With the support of ISCA (the International defended. Society for Conversation Analysis), the Kashmiri Stec defended her thesis “Visible Language and Social Interaction group Quotation: The multimodal expression of organized the first International Academy for viewpoint” (promotores Gisela Redeker, Alan Conversation Analysis (IACA16) from July, 11- Cienki (VU University Amsterdam), co- 14, 2016. IACA is an event that takes place in promotor Mike Huiskes). She works as a User between two ICCA-conferences (International Experience (UX) researcher for Bang & Conference on Conversation Analysis (2014 Olufsen in Denmark.

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Nynke van der Schaaf defended her thesis Featured publication – “Kijk eens wat ik kan! Sociale praktijken in de Discourse & Communication interactie tussen kinderen van 4 tot 8 jaar in de buitenschoolse opvang”, on interactional Seuren, L., Huiskes, M. & Koole, T. practices of young children (promotor Kees de (2016). Remembering and understanding Glopper, copromotores Jeanette Doornenbal with oh-prefaced yes/no declaratives in (Hanze University of Applied Sciences), Jan Dutch. Journal of Pragmatics, 104, 180- Berenst). She works as a teacher and trainer at 192. the School of Education and as researcher at the Professorship Integrated Youth Policy at Abstract: the Hanze University of Applied Sciences. Shared understanding is at the heart of social interaction: it is demonstrated and Other activities maintained with every turn-at-talk. Still • Kees de Glopper gave the keynote lecture intersubjectivity can on occasion break “Lezen en schrijven bewust in samenhang” at down, and this can happen for a plethora of the workshop Begrijpend lezen: reasons. Using conversation analysis, this Onderwijspraktijk en wetenschap in paper demonstrates three practices that wisselwerking over lezen en schrijven, participants in Dutch talk-in-interaction September 28, 2016, Rotterdam. use to repair breakdowns of • Mike Huiskes was keynote speaker at intersubjectivity. The first practice consists Anéla/VIOT Juniorendag 2016. His lecture of an oh ja-prefaced declarative. With this was titled “Development of communication practice an interactant conveys that s/he skills of orthopedic surgeons in training”, remembers here-and-now some March, 11, 2016, Amsterdam. information which s/he thereby treats as • Tom Koole became member of the Editorial relevant for understanding the prior talk. Board of Linguistics and Education. The second practice consists of an oh- • Annerose Willemsen became member of the prefaced declarative, with which the steering commitee Landelijk Netwerk Taal speaker claims to now understand in het basisonderwijs. something s/he earlier did not understand • Ninke Stukker was organizer of the or had misunderstood. Both practices are symposium Neerlandistiek met Stijl on the declarative yes/no-type initiating actions, occasion of the farewell of Arie Verhagen meaning that confirmation is treated as the (Professor of Dutch Linguistics/Leiden relevant next action. Both practices, University), September 30, Leiden. however, do very distinct actions. With a remembering, an interactant claims independent epistemic access, whereas with doing understanding access is local, and inferred from and dependent on the co-interactant's talk. We compare these two practices to oh-prefaced yes/no-type interrogatives. These too are used to address problems with intersubjectivity, but they claim instead that the prior talk by the interlocutor somehow contradicts the speakers background assumptions.

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Key publications - Discourse & Neurolinguistics and Language Communication Development

Haan, M., Ongena, Y., Staff Members: Vannieuwenhuyze, J. & de Glopper, Ben Maassen (coordinator), Roelien Bastiaanse, K. (2016). Response Behavior in a Video- Gerard Bol, Kees de Bot, Hilde Hacquebord, Petra Web Survey: A Mode Comparison Study. Hendriks, Bart Hollebrandse, Angeliek van Hout, Journal of Survey Statistics and Roel Jonkers, Merel Keijzer, Hanneke Loerts, Methodology. DOI: Wander Lowie, Emar Maier, Monika Schmid, Simone Sprenger, Wim Tops, Marjolijn Verspoor 10.1093/jssam/smw023 Postdocs:

Rimke Groenewold, SrdanPopov, Jacolien van Rij- Koops van 't Jagt, R., de Winter, A.F., Tange (Veni), Simone Sprenger Reijneveld, S.A., Hoeks, J.C.J. & PhD Candidates: Jansen, C.J.M. (2016). Development Yulia Akinina (external), Miren Arenzeta-Perez*, of a Communication Intervention for Seckin Arslan*, Svetlana Averina*, Christopher Older Adults With Limited Health Bergmann, Elisabeth Borleffs (external), Nermina Literacy: Photo Stories to Support Cordalija*, Juliana Feiden*, Steven Gilbers, Toivo Doctor-Patient Communication. Journal Glatz, Wim Gombert (external), Mirjam Günther- of Health Communication 21(2), 69-82. van der Meij (external), Sana Haidry*, Giang Hoang, Dymphi van der Hoeven (external), DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1193918 Jakolien den Hollander*, Dorothee Hoppe, JunPing

Hou (external), Ting Huang (external), Joost Seuren, L., Huiskes, M. & Koole, T. Hurkmans (external), Fedor Jalvingh (external), (2016). Remembering and understanding Bernard Jap (external), Yinxing (Ivan) Jin with oh-prefaced yes/no declaratives in (external), Folkert de Jong (external), Tim Dutch. Journal of Pragmatics, 104, 180- Kassenberg (external), Stefanie Keulen, Anna de 192. Koster, Ton de Kraay (external), Sanne Kuijper, Camila Martinez Rebolledo (external), Nathaniel Stukker, N. (2016). The expressive Larthy*, Nienke Meulman, Leanne Nagels, Roelant potential of the Dutch Simple Present Ossewaarde (external), Jessica Overweg, Rika Plat, Srdjan Popov*, Anna Pot, Rui Qin*, Liefke tense across narrative genres. In: N. Reitsema (external), Amélie la Roi, Audrey Rousse- Stukker, W. Spooren, & G. Steen, (eds.), Malpat, Aida Salĉić, Farnoosh Savafi (external), Genre in Language, Discourse and Pouran Seifi (external), Bregtje Seton, Ellie van Cognition. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, p. Setten-Huizinga, Eabele Tjepkema (external), 75-106 32 p. (Applications of cognitive Margreet Vogelzang, Nienke Wolthuis linguistics; vol. 33). *PhD candidates IDEALAB (http://em- van der Sluis, I., Leito, S. & Redeker, idealab.com/) G. (2016). Text-Picture Relations in Research focus areas Cooking Instructions. In H. Bunt (ed.), The Neurolinguistics and Language Proceedings of LREC 2016, Tenth Development research group is a strongly International Conference on Language interdisciplinary group that investigates the Resources and Evaluation: Proceedings organization of language in the brain, how of the Twelfth Joint ISO - ACL SIGSEM language is processed and how languages are Workshop on Interoperable Semantic learned. To investigate these questions, a wide Annotation (ISA-12). vol. 16, Portoroz, variety of methods is employed, ranging from Slovenia, pp. 22-27. spontaneous speech analysis, comprehension

and elicitation experiments and the

12 CLCG Annual Report 2016 development of theoretical models, to eye Hightlights 2016 tracking, EEG and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) techniques. Grants, Awards and Honors Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of The organization of language in the brain and Arts and Sciences (KNAW) how language is processed in the brain is studied through the comprehension and production of various aspects of verbs (in developmental disorders and aphasia), phonological processing (in aphasia and dyslexia), print decoding (in dyslexia), speech disorders (in children and adults), sentence Petra Hendriks has been processing (in non-brain-damaged and aphasic appointed a member of speakers) and ambiguity resolution (in normal the Royal Netherlands speakers and schizophrenic patients). Academy of Arts and

Sciences (KNAW). The How a first, second or foreign language is KNAW has appointed a acquired, maintained and sometimes lost is total of 16 new studied by considering the linguistic, social as members. Academy well as cognitive processes involved in members are prominent language development and use. Important researchers active in all the disciplines. New areas of research are typical and atypical first members are nominated by peers from within language acquisition (such as in children with and outside the Academy. The Academy has autism spectrum disorders), bilingualism, about five hundred members. Appointment is language attrition, and the development of based on academic achievement and bilingual education in the Netherlands. membership is for life. The new members were Because of its focus on language across the installed on September, 12, 2016 at the lifespan, from childhood to elderly age, this Trippenhuis Building, the seat of the Academy research program is closely linked to the in Amsterdam. University of Groningen research focus area Petra Hendriks combines theoretical Healthy Ageing. analysis and psycholinguistic methods in her

work to explore how language comprehension develops in ‘ideal’ circumstances, but also how it develops in ‘less ideal’ listeners, for example children with autism, ADHD or hearing impairments. She also studies when and how speakers and listeners take into account each other's perspective to achieve successful communication. (https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/members/15093)

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Member of the Young Academy (promotores Jan-Willem Romeijn (Faculty of In december, Merel Philosophy, UG), Petra Hendriks, copromotor Keijzer was elected Emar Maier). She works as a postdoctoral member of De Jonge fellow at the Department of Philosophy, Akademie (the Young Classics, History of Arts and Ideas, University Academy), part of the of Oslo, Norway. KNAW. Every year Ton de Kraay defended his thesis: The Young Academy “Differentiation to improve the articulation selects ten talented between levels: In the teaching of English in new researchers to add to its ranks. In addition primary and secondary education in the to their proven research excellence, Young Netherlands.” (promotor Kees de Bot, Academy members take a broad interest in copromotor Erik van Schooten, University of science and in science communication. Amsterdam). He works as English Lecturer at Merel Keijzer specializes in the cognitive the School of Education of Rotterdam and language control of bilinguals across the University. lifespan, with a special focus on bilingualism Sanne Kuijper defended her thesis and cognitive ageing. Employing both “Communication abilities of children with ASD behavioural and neuroimaging techniques, she and ADHD:Production, comprehension, and is particularly interested in establishing how cognitive mechanisms” (promotor Petra patterns in individual bilingual language use Hendriks, copromotor Catharina Hartman, affect the type and magnitude of cognitive (UMCG)). She works as a lecturer and advantage that is found in advanced age. She researcher at the Faculty of Behavioural and also studies how bilingual language use can be Social Sciences, Orthopedagogy & Clinical isolated from other factors that enhance Educational Science in the Department cognitive reserve, such as musical training, Orthopedagogy at UG. stimulating social activities, and physical Three PhD candidates obtained a joint exercise (http://www.rug.nl/news/2016/12/three-ug- degree from the IDEALAB programme. researchers-join-de-jonge-akademie). Seckin Arslan defended his thesis “Neurolinguistic & Psycholinguistic PhD defenses Investigations on Evidentiality in Turkish” In 2016, eight PhD-projects were completed. (promotor Roelien Bastiaanse, copromotor Joost Hurkmans defended his thesis “The Claudia Felser (Potsdam University)). Now he treatment of apraxia of speech: Speech and is a postdoctoral research fellow at the music therapy, an innovative joint effort” Potsdam Research Institute for (promotores Roelien Bastiaanse, J.Hans Multilingualism, University of Potsdam, Arendzen (Leids Universitair Medisch Germany. Centrum), copromotores Roel Jonkers, H.A. Rui Qin defended her thesis Reinders-Messelink). He works as a clinical “Neurophysiological studies of reading fluency. linguist and speech language pathologist at the Towards visual and auditory markers of healthcare organization Revalidatie . developmental dyslexia” (promotores Ben Yinxing Jin defended his thesis “Foreign Maassen, Isabell Wartenbuger (Potsdam language classroom anxiety: A study of Chinese University), Natasha Maurits (UMCG)). university students of Japanese and English Jinxing Yue defended his thesis “Tone-word over time” (promotor Kees de Bot, copromotor recognition in Mandarin Chinese” (promotores Merel Keijzer). Roelien Bastiaanse, David Howard (Newcastle Franziska Köder defended her thesis University), copromotor Kai Alter (Newcastle “Between direct and indirect speech: The University)). acquisition of pronouns in reported speech”

14 CLCG Annual Report 2016

Research projects on first language acquisition of syntax and The age effect in bilingual development semantics, and prepared a Marie Curie Monika Schmid’s NWO-Vici project International Training Network proposal. ‘The age effect in bilingual development’ ran from 2010-2016. A key result from the project Conferences and Workshops shows that grammatical gender is a Workshops challenging feature to acquire for second- Angeliek van Hout was organizer of the language learners of Dutch and German, but is workshop ‘Developing Reference: On the role fully maintained in first-language attriters. of cognitive abilities in the acquisition of Neurolinguistic profiles of developmental definiteness and pronouns in Dutch children’. dyslexia in a longitudinal perspective Lectures were given by Research Master Ben Maassen’s project students and faculty of University of ‘Neurolinguistic profiles of developmental Groningen and University of Amsterdam. In dyslexia in a longitudinal perspective’ was February, a workshop on reported speech, funded by an NWO Open Competition grant pronouns, and perspective was organized on from 2011- 2018. Part 1 of this programme: the occasion of the PhD defense of Franziska ‘Normalization and compensation patterns in Köder. developmental dyslexia’ has been finished with a PhD-defence by Britt Hakvoort at the Symposia University of Amsterdam (promotores: Aryan Also in February, the LANSPAN group van der Leij, Ben Maassen). Data collection for organized the symposium ‘Individual Part 2: ‘Developmental Trajectories of differences in language learning and teaching’. Advanced Reading Networks’ has been On the occasion of the defense of Joost completed with studies of advanced reading, Hurkmans, the health care organization reading in English as L2, and brain imaging ‘Revalidatie Friesland’ together with AfasieNet white matter tractography. (platform for professionals) organized the symposium ‘Spraakapraxie; theorie en A Crosslinguistic Perspective on Children’s klinische praktijk’ about apraxia of speech. Acquisition of Grammar Meaning Interface Roel Jonkers was chair and during the (Angeliek van Hout) symposium scientific as well as clinical aspects The French-Dutch bilateral Van Gogh project of apraxia of speech were discussed. Ben involved Groningen and Nantes. Teams at both Maassen gave a talk about process-oriented universities collaborated on several research diagnostics. projects on first language acquisition of syntax and semantics. The project completed its final Other activities year in December 2016. • Angeliek van Hout chaired two 2-day research meetings with her international Grasping Meaning across Languages and group, funded by NWO internationalization Learners (GraMALL) (Angeliek van Hout) grant GraMALL. At the Berlin meeting, there The NWO Internationalization project involved were several plenary talks, work group a research network between 8 teams in 6 meeting in parallel sessions and countries including the universities of brainstorming sessions to discuss Groningen; Cambridge; Greenwich; Nantes; possibilities for applying for European Milano-Bicocca; Autonoma Barcelona; grants. January 15-16, 2016, Berlin, Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona); ZAS (Berlin), and Germany. At the meeting in Como, the group affiliated participants at University of the designed a European research project in Basque Country, Bristol and Stuttgart. The preparation of a Marie Curie International teams collaborated on several research projects Training grant. June 16-17, Como, Italy.

15 CLCG Annual Report 2016

• Roel Jonkers was member of the programme Key publications - Neurolinguistics committee of Science of Aphasia 17, Venice, and Language Development September 25-30, 2016. • Simone Sprenger gave the plenary talk Hendriks, P. (2016). Cognitive “Speaking in chunks: How the use of modeling of individual variation in formulaic language makes us fluent” at the reference production and workshop Current Trends in Figurative comprehension. Frontiers in Language Research, Tübingen, December, 8, Psychology, 7(506), DOI: 2016. 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00506 • Marjolein Verspoor was keynote speaker at two conferences: (1) “The dynamics of L2 Keulen, S., Verhoeven, J., development. You have come a long way” Bastiaanse, Y., Marien, P., Jonkers, EuroSLA, August 24-27, 2016 in Jyväskylä, R., Mavroudakis, N. & Paquier, P. Finland. (2) “You have come a long way. To (2016). Perceptual Accent Rating and chunk or not to chunk” at the International Attribution in Psychogenic FAS: Some Association of Teaching English as a Further Evidence Challenging Foreign Language, Birmingham, UK, Whitaker’s Operational Definition. October, 8, 2016. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, • As chair of the Motor Speech Disorders 10(62), 1-14. Committee of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP) Ben van Setten, E.R.H., Martinez- Maassen organized and presented at two Ferreiro, S., Maurits, N.M. & symposia at the 30th World Congress, Maassen, B.A.M. Dublin, August 21 - 25: (1) Future Directions (2016). Print-Tuning Lateralization in Clinical Motor Speech Research - Genetics, and Handedness: An Event-Related Acoustics, Modelling, and (2) Assessment Potential Study in Dyslexic Higher and Outcome Measures. Education Students. Dyslexia, 22(1), • Merel Keijzer was keynote lecturer at the 64-82. DOI: 10.1002/dys.1519 International Conference on Language Attrition (ICFLA), July 2016, University of Chan, H., Lowie, W. & de Bot, K. Essex, UK. (2016). Input outside the classroom and vocabulary development: a dynamic perspective. In: M. Reiff & J. Robinson (eds), Cognitive perspectives on bilingualism. Trends in Applied Linguistics. De Gruyter Mouton, Boston/Berlin, pp. 183-203.

Bergmann, C., Nota, A., Sprenger, S. & Schmid, M.S. (2016). 'L2 immersion causes non-native-like L1 pronunciation in German attriters'. Journal of Phonetics, 58, 71-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.wocn.2016.07.001

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Featured publication - Neurolinguistics Theoretical and Empirical and Language Linguistics Development Staff Members: Keulen, S., Verhoeven, J., Bastiaanse, Mark de Vries (coordinator), Dicky Gilbers, Nanna Y., Marien, P., Jonkers, R., Hilton, Jack Hoeksema, Peter Houtzagers, Bob de Mavroudakis, N. & Paquier, P. Jonge, Eva Juarros-Daussà, Wolfgang Kehrein, (2016). Perceptual Accent Rating and Remco Knooihuizen, Siemon Reker, Anja Attribution in Psychogenic FAS: Some Further Schüppert, Willem Visser, Gerry Wakker, Jan- Evidence Challenging Whitaker’s Operational Wouter Zwart Postdocs: Definition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Jakub Dotlacil (Veni), Marlies Kluck 10(62), 1-14. PhD Candidates: Bernat Bardagil-Mas, Charlotte Lindenbergh, Abstract: Amber Nota, Sander Orriens, Leanne Schreurs A 40-year-old, non-aphasic, right-handed, and (external) polyglot (L1: French, L2: Dutch, and L3: English) woman with a 12-year history of Research focus areas addiction to opiates and psychoactive The research group Theoretical and Empirical substances, and clear psychiatric problems, Linguistics studies the syntax, semantics, presented with a foreign accent of sudden morphology, phonology, and phonetics of a onset in L1. Speech evolved toward a mostly variety of languages with a view to enrich our fluent output, despite a stutter-like behavior empirical knowledge as well as our theoretical and a marked grammatical output disorder. understanding of the nature of the human The psychogenic etiology of the accent language faculty. foreignness was construed based on the A core characteristic of this patient’s complex medical history and research is in-depth cross-linguistic psychodiagnostic, neuropsychological, and comparison, both synchronically and neurolinguistic assessments. The presence of a diachronically. The group aims to contribute to foreign accent was affirmed by a perceptual the abstract formalization of the properties of accent rating and attribution experiment. It is language. In addition, the group is interested argued that this patient provides additional in sociolinguistic aspects of language variation. evidence demonstrating the outdatedness of Working from hypothetic-deductive methods Whitaker’s (1982) definition of foreign accent next to bottom-up strategies, the boundaries syndrome, as only one of the four operational between fundamental principles, criteria was unequivocally applicable to our generalizations, and parametric variation and patient: her accent foreignness was not only change are investigated. Specific fields of recognized by her relatives and the medical investigation include: the syntax and semantics staff but also by a group of native French- of complex construction types (parentheses, speaking laymen. However, our patient defied dislocation, coordination, relative clauses), the the three remaining criteria, as central foundations of syntactic structure and the role nervous system damage could not conclusively of the interfaces with the sound and meaning be demonstrated, psychodiagnostic components of the grammar, ellipsis assessment raised the hypothesis of a phenomena, information structure, polarity conversion disorder, and the patient was a items, morphosyntactic dependencies and polyglot whose newly gained accent was typological variation, Dutch corpus linguistics, associated with a range of foreign languages, phonology as human behaviour, musical which exceeded the ones she spoke. aspects of phonology, tonal accents and prosody.

17 CLCG Annual Report 2016

A strength of the research group is the Farewell Siemon Reker combination of a theoretical orientation with On March 15, 2016 Siemon Reker ended his the empirical study of language data from a academic career as Professor of Groningen variety of families, including West and North Language and Culture. In 1984 he was Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and outside of the appointed the first Streektaalfunctionaris Indo-Germanic group, Turkish, Avar, and Je in (regional language official) of the province of particular. Groningen. He also has been chair of the Bureau Groninger Taal en Cultuur since its Highlights 2016 foundation in 1996. In 2001, he became endowed professor funded by the ‘J.B. Conferences and workshops Scholtenfonds’. In 2007 he received the first Workshop Fundamentals of minimalist syntax full professorship for . Jan-Wouter Zwart was organizer of the On the occasion of his farewell he published Workshop ‘Fundamentals of minimalist the ‘Biografie van het Gronings’ (Biography of syntax’. It was held in June as a pre-TABU Day Gronings Dialect). seminar in honor of David Adger.

Conference Transition between ‘the Nordic countries’ and ‘Europe’ The International Association of Scandinavian Studies (IASS) held its thirty-first conference from 9 to 13 August 2016 in Groningen. The theme of the conference was ‘Transition between ‘the Nordic countries’ and ‘Europe’’. It was hosted by the Scandinavian Studies section of the Department of European Languages and Cultures (ETC) and Anja Schüppert was co-organizer.

Research projects Incomplete Parenthesis (INCPAR)

Mark de Vries’ project ‘Incomplete Parenthesis: Determining how and why King’s Commissioner Max van den Berg & Siemon secondary propositions can be elliptical or Reker fragmented from a cross-linguistic and multifaceted theoretical perspective’ is funded by an ERC Starting Grant from 2011-2016. Other activities The online database ParaCrawler was • Dicky Gilbers was member of the defence launched [www.let.rug.nl/paracrawler/]. It committee of Marie-Eve Joret’s dissertation contains cross-linguistic information about a “Early Childhood Immersion, Music large variety of parenthetical constructions, Education and Executive Functions” (Vrije and also serves as a knowledge platform. Universiteit Brussel), June 21, 2016. • Mark de Vries was plenary speaker at the 18th Seoul International Conference on Generative Grammar (SICOGG), Seoul, August 3-6, 2016. He gave a series of 4 lectures under the heading "Beyond core

18 CLCG Annual Report 2016

syntax: on appositive and additional Featured publication – Theoretical and material". Empirical Linguistics • Mark de Vries was guest editor of Nederlandse Taalkunde. Siemon Reker, 2017. ‘Biografie van het • Willem Visser was guest editor of Us Wurk, Gronings. De taal van Groningen in 1001 tydskrift foar Frisistyk and It Beaken. stukken’. In Boekvorm Uitgevers. Tydskrift fan de Fryske Akademy. This book (1348 pages) contains 1000 short,

Key Publications – Theoretical and column-like texts that describe the Empirical Linguistics characteristic of the Gronings dialect, supplemented with longer summaries that de Vries, M. & Ott, D. (2016). Right provide many new insights. The book dislocation as deletion. Natural provides an historical overview of the facts

language & linguistic theory, 34 (2), of the language spoken in Groningen from 641-690. about 1200 until 2016: the dynamics of the symbols and their pronunciation, the words Dotlacil, J. & Nouwen, R. (2016). and their meanings, word forms and The comparative and degree constructions. pluralities'. Natural Language The book also pays large attention to the Semantics, 24 (1), 45-78. DOI: usage of the language by the people of 10.1007/s11050-015-9119-7 Groningen including what they published about their language during the past Jonkers, R., van der Scheer, F. & centuries, ranging from and Gilbers, D. (2016). The common Middle to the Gronings as it is denominator in the perception of spoken today. accents in cases with foreign accent syndrome. Aphasiology, pp. 1-23. DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2016.1232362

Schüppert, A., Hilton, N. & Gooskens, C. (2016). Why is Danish so difficult to understand for fellow Scandinavians? Speech Communication, 79, 47-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2016.02.001

Visser, W. (2016). y-nammen tuslken flaai- en ferlytsingsnammen. Us Wurk, tydskrift foar Frisistyk, 65(3- 4), 91-145.

19 CLCG Annual Report 2016

3 CLCG IN SOCIETY future skills needs, (2) develop better matching between skills and labour market needs and (3) The societal relevance of the research bridge the gap between the worlds of education and work. With relatively little effort, the use of groups’ work is evident from lingua receptiva can contribute significantly commissioned research, applied research towards achieving these goals. Including it in activities, and media attention for several the Skills Agenda as a “transversal skill” could: publications. CLCG members have also (i) enhance the key competence effectively engaged with audiences through “Communicating in and learning a foreign public lectures and debates, professional language”; (ii) refine the European and popular publications, and non- Qualification (ten Thije et.al, 2017, p: 3) traditional media such as blogs and http://taalunieversum.org/sites/tuv/files/downloads/Ta alunie%20positionpaper%20luistertaal%20(Engels)- websites. def.pdf).

CLCG Societal Impact activities 2016 Professional publication 19 Key activities & publications with Popular publication 1 societal impact - Computational Membership of public or 1 Linguistics government advisory or policy group or panel [Festival/Exhibition] Public lecture, debate, seminar 14 Martijn Wieling, Taalvariatie en - Media article or participation 7 verandering in Nederland, invited lecture Festival, Exhibition 1 at the theatre festival Oeral, June 13, 2016. 2 Press Clippings Schools Engagement 2 [Professional Publication]

Total 47 Gooskens, C., Hilton, N. & Schüppert, A.

(2016). Is Swedish more beautiful than Danish? - A matched-guise investigation. in Computational Linguistics Nooit het Noorden kwijt: Liber amicorum ter ere van Godelieve Laureys. Universiteit van Gent, pp. 165-188. Stimmen fan Fryslân Charlotte Gooskens is member of the project Gooskens, C. & van Heuven, V. (2016). ‘Stimmen fan Fryslân’ (Voices of Friesland) 'Receptieve meertaligheid in Europa' that is part of the project ‘Lân fan taal’, Levende Talen Magazine, 103(8), 4-9. initiated by Nanna Hilton (Empirical and Theoretical Linguistics). [Public lecture/debate/seminar] Martijn Wieling, Taalvariatie op de tong,

Position paper “Lingua Receptiva” presentation at NWO’s Bessensap, June 10, Together with a number of other knowledge 2016. institutes in the Netherlands and Flanders, Charlotte Gooskens “Onderlinge Taalunie published a position paper about Lingua Receptiva for the Skills Agenda of the verstaanbaarheid tussen nauw verwante European Commission. Charlotte Gooskens is telan in Europe”. Dag van Taal, Kunsten en Cultuur, January 22, 2016. co-author.

Context: Through the New Skills for New Jobs initiative, the European Commission wants to (1) promote better anticipation of

20 CLCG Annual Report 2016

Discourse and Communication and Polarization) for the Muncipality of Groningen/Team Public Order and Safety. Health Communication Symposium Health Communication Platform Writing research - Training and On December 17, the Health Communication Consultancy Platform, coordinated by Tom Koole and Knowledge Platform ‘Tekst met beleid’ Debbie Jaarsma (UMCG), celebrated its 1st The knowledge platform ‘Tekst met Beleid’ anniversary with a symposium. Participants (Text with Policy) supports civil servants, were invited to give short pitches to familiarize administrators and politicians with writing and the audience with the research that has been using better policy statements. Thereby the done and about the challenges communication platform contributes to a better functioning of within UMCG faces. Participants engaged in local governments. The platform is an initiative discussion about which types of research could of the department Applied Linguistics/Dutch be useful and how to apply the existing Language and Culture (Kees de Glopper and knowledge to professional practice. Jacqueline van Kruiningen) in collaboration with Pro Facto (research-, education- and Masterclass Health Communication consultancy office; prof. dr. Heinrich Winter On April 22, 2016 the Zorg Innovatie Forum and Carine Bloemhoff). In the article ‘We doen (Healthcare Innovation Forum), among others, maar wat’ (‘We muddle along’) that appeared organized an inspiring day with lectures and a in the professional journal ‘Tekstblad’ Kees masterclass about health and communication. Frenay and Jaqueline van Kruiningen point Carel Jansen and Ruth Koops van ’t Jagt talked towards the difficulties of the writing process about how their research builds a bridge of municipalities and offer solutions to the between health professionals and functionally problems. illiterate persons and by how the fotostories they developed are an innovative and effective Education and Educational research means to communicate health messages to this National steering group didactic methods target population. Kees de Glopper is member of the steering group DUDOC-ALFA that develops and Kenniscafé, Seminars, Expert meetings coordinates a program that provides teachers Studium Generale Groningen (UG and Hanze in secondary education and trainers of teachers University of Applied Science) organises in higher education the possibility to do a PhD innovative and multidisciplinary activities on in the domain of didactic methods. The topic of science, culture and society. One of these the research proposals should clearly apply to activities is the Kenniscafé. Femke Kramer the professional practice in the secondary hosted the session ‘Bewegend educational system. There is a new PhD-round leren’ and ‘Toekomstmuziek’. in January 2017. Mike Huiskes was interviewee The group also develops a national of the Kenniscafé ‘Wat bedoelt workforce plan to develop research and u dokter?’ (‘What do you mean education in the domain of didactic methods in docter?”) about health the humanities. communication. Femke Kramer gave a series of writing Study day Interactie in de klas seminars for science journalists for the On June 8, the national Study day ‘Interactie Stichting Cursussen in de klas’ (Interaction in the classroom) took Wetenschapscorrespondentie (SCW). place in Groningen. This meeting was She also was host at the expertmeeting organized by Annerose Willemsen for ‘Radicalisering en Polarisatie’ (Radicalization

21 CLCG Annual Report 2016 colleague researchers to talk about and discuss Neurolinguistics and Language their research and developments in the field. Development

National Network(day) Language in Primary Science Live Education During the summer vacation from August 29 As member of the steering group Landelijk until September 4 2016, Bart Hollebrandse, Network Taal (National Network Language), Angeliek van Hout, in collaboration with Tom Annerose Willemsen organized the national Roeper (University of Massachusetts networking day ‘Taal in Samenhang’ on Amherst), investigated the complexity of September, 29. The network group is part of repetitions by means of an app they developed the ‘Nationaal Expertisecentrum for this purpose. The research was carried out Leerplanontwikkeling’ (National Expert Center in NEMO Science Live and 287 people for Curriculum Development). The center aims participated. to bring knowledge from research, society, Science Live is the innovative research policy, and professional practice together for program of NEMO Science Museum. It opens the development of the curriculum. Other up the museum floor to real, publishable, peer- meetings were held on April 14 and 21, and on reviewed research, with NEMO visitors June 15 (including a discussion night). participating as experimental subjects.

Key activities & publications with An important aspect of NEMO’s mission is to societal impact - Discourse and enable visitors, young and old, to experience Communication how scientific knowledge is acquired and how the scientific method works. By encouraging its [Professional Publication] visitors to be part of the scientific process van Kruiningen, J., de Glopper, K., Jansen, itself, NEMO also becomes a place where C.J.M. & Kramer, F. (2016). Hoofdschudden scientific knowledge is generated. Its public over spelfouten of werken aan academische becomes a contributing force in advancing geletterdheid. Neerlandistiek.nl. science (http://www.sciencelive.nl/onderzoeken/een-zin-

in-een-zin-in-een-zin-in-een-zin-kun-jij-dit-aan). Jansen, C.J.M. (2016). Taalbeheersing als

nieuwe retorica: Op weg naar een

herwaarding. VakTaal, vol 21, no. 1/2, pp. 9.

Koops van 't Jagt, R., de Winter, A. & Jansen,

C.J.M. (2016). Fotostrips in plaats van folders:

Ondersteuning van mensen met beperkte

gezondheidsvaardigheden. Nederlands

Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, vol 160, pp.

D294.

[Media coverage or contribution]

Kramer, F. (2017). Net als weerzin tegen

wiskunde. NRC Handelsblad, January, 18,

2016.

[Public lecture/debate/seminar] Mike Huiskes(Interviewee), Kenniscafé Gezondheidscommunicatie "Wat bedoelt Portraits made by students of the u dokter?", March, 17, 2016. Research Master Linguistics

22 CLCG Annual Report 2016

Key activities & publications with GraphoGame societal impact – Neurolinguistics and Language Development

[Media coverage or contribution]

Roelien Bastiaanse, interview “Snijden in je werkwoorden” (with Christien Boomsma), Dagblad van het Noorden, April 10, 2016. Toivo Glatz, PhD student in the Dyslexia group, developed a Dutch version of Roel Jonkers, interview on the radio GraphoGame (GG), which is an evidence-based program ‘Wekker-Wakker’ (radio 5), game for early rehabilitation and diagnostics of February 15, 2016. reading difficulties developed by the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. Petra Hendriks,”Liegen is een kunst” (http://info.grapholearn.com/). The game Article in Dagblad van het Noorden by starts by training letter knowledge, and then Maaike Borst about Petra Hendriks' on to phonological awareness skills like research, September 10, 2016. blending and spelling to play with syllables, words and pseudo words. So far, over 400 [Professional publication] children completed a 2-12 week playing phase Maassen, B. & Bol, G. (2016). Taal en with daily sessions. spraak. In H. Swaab, A. Bouma, J. Toivo Glatz presented the first results of his Hendriksen & C. König (eds), Klinische GG study at the British Dyslexia Association Kinderneuropsychologie. Boom, (BDA) conference in Oxford, Great Britain Amsterdam, pp. 137-161. (March, 10-12, 2016) and the International Workshop on Reading and Developmental Tops, W., Heyns, E. & Van Broeck, N. Dyslexia (IWORDD) in Bilbao, Spain (May, 5- (2016). Niets is wat het lijkt?! Cognitieve 7, 2016. His main findings are that GG training gedragstherapie als behandeling voor at the onset of first grade improves letter angststoornissen bij kinderen en knowledge in all children, as well as reading adolescenten met ASS' Gedragstherapie. fluency for those who have well developed Tijdschrift voor Gedragstherapie en phonological awareness skills. Cognitieve Therapie, 49(2), 145-169.

[Public lecture/debate/seminar] Wim Tops “Dyslexie en moderne vreemde talen”, Sprankel oudervereniging van kinderen met leerstoornissen, October 17, 2016.

Ben Maassen “Dyslexie, familiair risico en zwakke lezers: longitudinaal onderzoek van 6 tot 14 jaar.” Lexima Nationale Dyslexie Conferentie, March 9, 2016.

23 CLCG Annual Report 2016

Theoretical and Empirical Voornamen van AlleGroningers (1600- 1811) Linguistics The book ‘Voornamen van AlleGroningers

(1600–1811)’contains a collection of all first Stimmen fan Fryslân names of people born and registered in Nanna Hilton is initiator of the project Groningen between 1600 until August 1811, ‘Stimmen fan Fryslân’ (Voices of Friesland) before the Napoleonic Code. It was published that is part of the project ‘Lân fan taal’: on the occasions of Reker’s farewell and freely “Actually, everyone is multilingual – and distributed among visitors of the ‘Dag van de Frisian alone has many variants. This is an Grunneger Toal’ (Day of Gronings Dialect) on intriguing phenomenon that the University of March, 19, 2016. Groningen has investigated during the project

“Stimmen fan Fryslân”. It is inspired by the

British project “Voices Recordings”, in which as many varieties as possible of British speech Habbo, Sjabbo, were recorded. Wabbo en Ebbo, The core of “Stimmen fan Fryslân” is an Tjebbo, Tebbo – extensive smartphone app with associated Ubbo, Lubbo, website. Here you can find a growing number Wubbo Ebo, of languages and dialects. You can also record Febo, Seebo, and add spoken language yourself. You can Hebo, Fiebo, find and share knowledge about Hiebo, Siebo, multilingualism within an online community.

There are also blogs and a language game.

Within the framework of “Language Files”, renowned researchers will give lectures in 2018 Dagwoord Werkdagelijkse column about the medical, technological and social For over 200 days, Siemon Reker drew a applications of linguistic research. Linguists Gronings book from the bookcase, wrote a will also visit secondary schools. literary column about it, and mailed that The online applications will be launched in during the last year before his farewell to (late) summer 2017. several hundred followers of the Bureau In 2018, Leeuwarden-Fryslân will be the Groninger Taal en Cultuur. European Capital of Culture. Lân fan taal is an These pieces are bundled in the edition important part of this. Many institutions and Dagwoord Werkdagelijkse column individuals in Friesland and (far) beyond are 02.03.2015-14.03.2016 at the end of 2016. working together to give language diversity a future”

(https://lanfantaal.nl/en/project/voices-of- friesland/).

Book of the Year Award The book Biografie van het Gronings. De taal van Groningen in 1001 stukken written by Siemon Reker was winner in the ‘Beste Groninger Boek 2016’ (Best Book of Groningen 2016) election in the category non-fiction.

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Key activities & publications with Narrative societal impact – Theoretical and Each year one of the CLCG research groups has Empirical Linguistics the opportunity to highlight research projects or activities with societal impact or relevance [Popular publication] carried out within the group in the form of a Hoeksema, J. 2016, Geen doorkomen aan. narrative. This year’s narrative ‘Between in A. Reuneker, R. Boogaart & S. Lensink human and machine’ is about the NWO-VICI (eds), Aries Netwerk - een constructicon. project of Johan Bos and the NWO KIEM- s.n., Leiden, pp. 97-99. project of Gosse Bouma. The narrative is provided by Saskia Visser, project leader for [Professional publication] the Science Shop Language, Culture and Reker, S. 2016, Dag woord: werkdagelijkse Communication and policy officer Public column. In Boekvorm Uitgevers, Assen. Engagement.

Wakker, G.C., Holwerda, A., Regtuit, R. & Between man and machine van de Wetering, R. 2016, Kosmos. Een Naturally, the nieuwe toegang tot de wereld van de computer is no Grieken.: Grammatica. 2 edn, Hermaion, longer conceivable Houten. from our communicative society. We not only use him as a means for communicating with other people, but we also communicate with computers themselves. Of course, this does not always work. One can laugh about funny translations on Google Translate and be frustrated by the recognition that misinterprets one’s home location time after time. However, communication between man and machine gets better and better and the possibilities increase. This makes the field of computational linguistics so interesting and important. Computational linguistics is concerned with how computers process natural (i.e. human) [Public lecture/debate/seminar] language. Within CLCG, computational Jacob Hoeksema “Weet jij waar Pampus linguists do research at the interface between ligt?” (presentation for children). Noordelijk linguistics and computer science and deal with Scheepvaartmuseum, Groningen, February, theoretical, experimental and applied 14, 2016. questions. Here, we present two examples that show how our researchers work on socially [Membership of public/government relevant projects. advisory/policy group or panel] Gerry Wakker, Member of the Board Translation is of great significance Quality Assurance Netherlands Universities Translation is a difficult task, as Professor of Computational Semantics Johan Bos knows well by now. There is a lot more to do than literally translate word for word and take into account different word sequences of languages.

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For example, if one literally translates “having calculations, and therefore can definitely use a a chat'' into “een praatje hebben” (having idle little help from humans. talk) the meaning has changed significantly. There is still a long way to go, but through this Therefore we do not find this a good project we hope to understand what human translation. But what exactly makes a good translators are doing exactly and how to translation and how do you learn a computer ultimately improve computer translations. to deal with such subtle differences? Bos' NWO VICI project "Lost in translation, found in meaning" (2015-2020) focuses on all aspects of translations including the role of meaning. His group of six researchers builds, among other things, The Parallel Meaning Bank, a large database of nearly a million English sentences, translated by people into Dutch,

German and Italian. Incorporating more languages offers new opportunities. So far, the Searching for good answers analysis of meaning in language produced by Another form of communication between man computers has mainly focused on English, but and machine takes place in question and precisely the differences between languages answer sessions. For example, you ask your can provide more insight into the process and personal assistant on your phone to find out to free the way for all kinds of applications which club a particular soccer player belongs. worldwide. The system searches through large text files on In the Parallel Meaning Bank, the computer the web for combinations of footballers and generates the meaning of each individual clubs, counts the most frequently occurring sentence through linguistic analysis. After that, combinations and thereby quickly finds the one can search for differences between most likely answer. Gosse Bouma was already translations through an automated analysis. involved with this kind of applications years One would expect that translated sentences ago. It started with relatively simple questions, will have exactly the same meaning, but human such as the one above, and with ways to do translators often seem to be much more manual searches for the correct coherence creative when translating sentences. relations in large text files. Of course, as a Sometimes they even leave things out or add linguist Gosse Bouma was interested in how other information, small changes that seem to grammar could help to deal with more difficult take a translation further from its source but questions and to reduce the number of actually sound more natural. For example, incorrect answers. have a look at this English sentence: "He removed the dishes from the table." A literal Meanwhile, the development of search translation in Dutch provides the grammatical methods continued and it became easier to sentence “Hij verwijderde het vaatwerk van de look for patterns. Thanks to the NWO KIEM tafel.” But no Dutch person would say that. project “Direct ter zake” (Directly on the issue) Certainly you would say “Hij ruimde de tafel (2015), Bouma could deepen his knowledge in af.” (He cleared the table). “The dishes” have this field. In KIEM projects, NWO stimulates suddenly disappeared; obviously the meaning collaboration between researchers and the is included in the term “afruimen” (to clear creative industry in search of new knowledge away/to remove)! and applications. In this case, the startup Bert Interesting issues for which a self-learning Alkemade Creative Interaction wanted to know computer system needs to make a lot of how computer search systems could help professionals to supply them with relevant

26 CLCG Annual Report 2016 information in an automated way. This organizations to quickly find relevant practical application was the main aim of the information in the UN database Reliefweb. research project and immediately showed what This is an important source of information the most difficult but also the most important about crises in the world and it is of course of issues were the researchers had to address. vital importance that aid organizations quickly How do you deal with complex concepts in get all relevant information in an Ebola official texts? What is an acceptable error rate outbreak or flood. This time, the partners will for users? The cooperation was very satisfying. use deep learning, a method that enables the In the meantime, Bouma and Sokrates system to train itself. Technologies have started a next KIEM project. Socrates Technologies would like to develop a software application that enables aid

Gosse Bouma: Portrait made by students of the Research Master students Linguistics.

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Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG)

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