DOCSLIB.ORG

CHEMICALS of PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN and Their Management in the African Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CHEMICALS of PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN and Their Management in the African Region H H C Hg H N C OH O O HO OH OH CHEMICALS OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN and their management in the African Region REGIONAL ASSESSMENT REPORT 4 JULY 2014 AFRO LIBRARY CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Chemicals of public health concern in the African Region and their management: Regional Assessment Report 1. Chemically-Induced Disorders – prevention & control 2. Environmental Exposure 3. Polluants environnemental – adverse effects – toxicity 4. Hazardous Substances 5. Risk Management 6. Health Impact Assessment I. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa II.Title ISBN: 978-929023281-0 (NLM Classification:QZ 59) © WHO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA, 2014 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy The mention of specific companies or of certain copyright protection in accordance with the provisions manufacturers’ products does not imply that they of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. are endorsed or recommended by the World Health All rights reserved. Copies of this publication may be Organization in preference to others of a similar nature obtained from the Library, WHO Regional Office for that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, Africa, P.O. Box 6, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo (Tel: the names of proprietary products are distinguished by +47 241 39100; +242 06 5081114; Fax: +47 241 initial capital letters. 39501; E-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate this publication All reasonable precautions have been taken by the – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – World Health Organization to verify the information should be sent to the same address. contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any The designations employed and the presentation of the kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for material in this publication do not imply the expression the interpretation and use of the material lies with of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World the reader. On no account shall the World Health Health Organization concerning the legal status of any Organization or its Regional Office for Africa be liable for country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or damages arising from its use. concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Printed in the Republic of Congo ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................................. V FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................VII 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ...........................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Justification..........................................................................................................................................................................................2 1.3 Objectives and expected results of the assessment .............................................................................................2 1.4 Expected deliverables .................................................................................................................................................................3 1.5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................3 2. CHEMICALS OF MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN IN THE AFRICAN REGION .......................5 2.1 Heavy metals ......................................................................................................................................................................................7 2.2 Fluoride ................................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.3 Cyanide .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 CONTENTS 2.4 Air pollutants ..................................................................................................................................................................................22 2.5 Benzene ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.6 Asbestos ............................................................................................................................................................................................28 2.7 POPs .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.8 Pesticides ...........................................................................................................................................................................................31 3. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE AFRICAN REGION ...........................................................37 3.1 Regional capacity for prevention, detection and management of chemical risks .....................37 3.2 Management of chemical waste ..................................................................................................................................... 48 4. GAP ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................................................................55 4.1 Strengths and challenges in chemical management .........................................................................................55 5. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSED ACTIONS ..............................................................................................57 5.1 Recommendations .....................................................................................................................................................................57 5.2 Priority actions ............................................................................................................................................................................ 59 ANNEXES 1: Chemical incidents reported by responding Member States ..........................................................................61 2: Self-assessment tool on the impact of chemicals and their management systems ................... 64 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................71 LIST OF FIGURES ACRONYMS AND 1. Member states that responded to the self-assessment questionnaire .....................................................................................4 2. Chemicals of major public health concern in the WHO African Region ....................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS 3. Distribution of heavy metals in the WHO African Region ................................................................................................................ 7 μg/m³ Microgram per cubic meter 4. Mercury as a public health concern in the WHO African Region ................................................................................................. 9 ASGM artisanal small-scale gold mining 5. Lead as a public health concern in the WHO African Region .................................................................................................... 13 ASP African Stockpiles Programme 6. Cadmium as a public health concern in the Who African Region ............................................................................................ 15 COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7. Countries reporting Arsenic in the WHO African Region .............................................................................................................. 17 DDE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene 8. Fluoride as a public health concern in the WHO African Region .............................................................................................. 20 DDTEQUAP Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane External Quality Assessment Programme 9. Cyanide as a public health concern in the WHO African Region .............................................................................................. 22 EU European Union 10. Exposure to indoor air pollutants in the WHO African Region ..................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ri Wkh% Lrorjlfdo (Iihfwv Ri 6Hohfwhg &Rqvwlwxhqwv
    Guidelines for Interpretation of the Biological Effects of Selected Constituents in Biota, Water, and Sediment November 1998 NIATIONAL RRIGATION WQATER UALITY P ROGRAM INFORMATION REPORT No. 3 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Fish and Wildlife Service Geological Survey Bureau of Indian Affairs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ntroduction The guidelines, criteria, and other information in The Limitations of This Volume this volume were originally compiled for use by personnel conducting studies for the It is important to note five limitations on the Department of the Interior's National Irrigation material presented here: Water Quality Program (NIWQP). The purpose of these studies is to identify and address (1) Out of the hundreds of substances known irrigation-induced water quality and to affect wetlands and water bodies, this contamination problems associated with any of volume focuses on only nine constituents or the Department's water projects in the Western properties commonly identified during States. When NIWQP scientists submit NIWQP studies in the Western United samples of water, soil, sediment, eggs, or animal States—salinity, DDT, and the trace tissue for chemical analysis, they face a elements arsenic, boron, copper, mercury, challenge in determining the sig-nificance of the molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbamate Pesticides Aldicarb Aldicarb Sulfoxide Aldicarb Sulfone
    Connecticut General Statutes Sec 19a-29a requires the Commissioner of Public Health to annually publish a list setting forth all analytes and matrices for which certification for testing is required. Connecticut ELCP Drinking Water Analytes Revised 05/31/2018 Microbiology Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms/ E. Coli Carbamate Pesticides Legionella Aldicarb Cryptosporidium Aldicarb Sulfoxide Giardia Aldicarb Sulfone Carbaryl Physicals Carbofuran Turbidity 3-Hydroxycarbofuran pH Methomyl Conductivity Oxamyl (Vydate) Minerals Chlorinated Herbicides Alkalinity, as CaCO3 2,4-D Bromide Dalapon Chloride Dicamba Chlorine, free residual Dinoseb Chlorine, total residual Endothall Fluoride Picloram Hardness, Calcium as Pentachlorophenol CaCO3 Hardness, Total as CaCO3 Silica Chlorinated Pesticides/PCB's Sulfate Aldrin Chlordane (Technical) Nutrients Dieldrin Endrin Ammonia Heptachlor Nitrate Heptachlor Epoxide Nitrite Lindane (gamma-BHC) o-Phosphate Metolachlor Total Phosphorus Methoxychlor PCB's (individual aroclors) Note 1 PCB's (as decachlorobiphenyl) Note 1 Demands Toxaphene TOC Nitrogen-Phosphorus Compounds Alachlor Metals Atrazine Aluminum Butachlor Antimony Diquat Arsenic Glyphosate Barium Metribuzin Beryllium Paraquat Boron Propachlor Cadmium Simazine Calcium Chromium Copper SVOC's Iron Benzo(a)pyrene Lead bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Magnesium bis-(ethylhexyl)adipate Manganese Hexachlorobenzene Mercury Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Molybdenum Nickel Potassium Miscellaneous Organics Selenium Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Silver Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
    [Show full text]
  • P-Listed Hazardous Wastes
    P-Listed Hazardous Wastes The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified a number of chemicals on the EPA “P-list” that present an especially acute hazard when disposed of as hazardous waste. Because of their acute hazards, there are more stringent requirements when disposing of these wastes: ►Container size: When collecting p-listed chemicals as waste, the volume of the hazardous waste container must not exceed one quart (approximately one liter). ►Empty containers: Empty containers that held p-listed chemicals must also be disposed of as hazardous waste. They are not allowed to be washed or re-used. ►Contaminated materials: Disposable materials that become contaminated with p-listed chemicals (e.g. gloves, weighing boats, etc.) must also be disposed of as hazardous waste. Non-disposable materials must be “triple-rinsed”, or rinsed three times to remove the contamination. This rinsate must be collected as hazardous waste. Materials contaminated with p-listed chemicals may not be washed or re-used until they have been triple-rinsed. Remember: - Label the waste as hazardous waste. Most common p-listed wastes Just like all other hazardous wastes, p-listed Chemical CAS number wastes must be labeled with the words Acrolein 107–02–8 “hazardous waste”, the complete chemical Allyl alcohol 107–18–6 name, and the associated hazard Arsenic compounds Varies characteristics (e.g., ignitable, corrosive, Inorganic cyanide Varies toxic, or reactive). salts Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 - Use disposable materials whenever Cyanogen and 460-19-5, 506-77-4 possible. Triple-rising non-disposable Cyanogen Chloride material generates a lot of waste, which can 2,4-Dinitrophenol 51–28–5 be difficult to dispose of safely.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
    Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Vitamin D on Chronic Behavioral and Dental Toxicities of Sodium Fluoride in Rats
    Fluoride Vol. 36 No. 3 189-197 2003 Research Report 189 EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON CHRONIC BEHAVIORAL AND DENTAL TOXICITIES OF SODIUM FLUORIDE IN RATS Perumal Ekambaram,a Vanaja Paulb Chennai (Madras), India SUMMARY: Adult female Wistar rats were treated daily for 60 days with so- dium fluoride (500 ppm NaF = 226 ppm fluoride ion) in drinking water, alone or in combination with vitamin D (200 IU/kg by oral intubation). Throughout the period, food intake was measured daily. Body weight gain, exploratory motor activity (EMA) rota-rod motor coordination, dental structure, brain acetylcho- linesterase (AchE) activity, and serum fluoride and serum calcium concentra- tion were determined 24 hr after the last treatment. Serum fluoride concentra- tion increased markedly in the NaF-treated animals and was accompanied by decreased food intake, reduced body weight gain, impairment of EMA and motor coordination, dental lesions, inhibition of brain AchE activity, and hy- pocalcemia. Administration of vitamin D along with NaF prevented hypocal- cemia. However, the toxic action fluoride on motor coordination, brain AchE activity, and the teeth was not prevented in these animals, probably because vitamin D is not able to decrease the level of fluoride in the serum. Therefore, vitamin D has only limited value as a protective dietary factor against chronic toxic effects of fluoride. Keywords: Dental lesions; Fluoride toxicity; Locomotor behavior; Rat toxicity; Serum calcium; Serum fluoride; Vitamin D. INTRODUCTION Fluorides are naturally occurring contaminants in the environment.1 Pro- longed ingestion of drinking water containing 1–3 ppm of fluoride ion pro- duces deleterious effects on skeletal, dental,1 and soft tissues,2,3 enzyme ac- tivities,4 and locomotor behavior5 in animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy Of
    Preliminary Tests with Systemic Insecticides 1 George E. Gould, Purdue University A systemic insecticide is one that is absorbed by the plant and translocated in the sap so that parts of the plant other than those treated become toxic to sucking insects. This type of insecticidal action was demonstrated for selenium compounds by Gnadinger (1) and others as early as 1933. These compounds were never used extensively as quantities of the material dangerous to humans accumulated in sprayed plants or in plants grown in treated soils. Recently German chemists have developed a number of phosphorus compounds that show systemic action. In our tests three of these compounds have been tried in com- parison with three related phosphorus compounds for which no systemic action has been claimed. The development of these systemic and other phosphorus compounds have been based on the discoveries of the German chemist Schrader in 1942 (German patent 720,577). After World War II this information became available to the Allied Governments and soon numerous com- pounds were released for experimental purposes. At present three of the non-systemic compounds, parathion, hexaethyl tetraphosphate and tetraethyl pyrophosphate, are available commercially. The first of the systemics tested was C-1014, a formulation similar to Pestox 3 (octa- methylpyrophosphoramide) which has been used in England. The other two in our tests were Systox with its active ingredient belonging to a trialkyl thiophosphate group and Potasan, diethoxy thiophosphoric acid ester of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin. Two additional phosphorus com- pounds used in some tests included Metacide, a mixture containing 6.2% parathion and 24.5% of 0, O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophos- phate, and EPN 300, ethyl p-nitrophenyl thionobenzine phosphonate.
    [Show full text]
  • I Need Your Feedback & Ideas!
    Greetings Everyone, Included is the Weekly Pile of Information for the week of May 17, 2015, Extension's Equine related educational information & announcements for Rockingham & Guilford Counties. To have something included in the Weekly Pile, please follow these simple guidelines. ­ Information included needs to be educational in nature &/or directly related to Rockingham or Guilford Counties. ­ provided information is a resource to the citizens of Rockingham/Guilford Counties. ­ provided information does not require extra time or effort to be listed. ­ Listings for Swap Shop will not list pricing details. ­ Please E­mail information to me by Wednesday each Week. ­ Please keep ads or events as short as possible – with NO FORMATTING, NO unnecessary Capitalization’s and NO ATTACHED DOCUMENTS. (If sent in that way, it may not be included) ­ Please include contact information ­ Phone, Email and alike. ­ PLEASE PUT WEEKLY PILE IN SUBJECT LINE when you send into me. ­ The Weekly Pile is not for listings for Commercial type properties or products. If I forgot to include anything in this email it was probably an oversight on my part, but please let me know! If you have a question or ideas that you would like covered in the Weekly Pile, please let me know and I will try to include. As Always, I would like to hear your comments about the Weekly Pile or the Extension Horse Program in Rockingham or Guilford Counties! I NEED YOUR FEEDBACK & IDEAS! Included in The Pile this Week: 1. TICKS, TICKS TICKS Its All About TICKS Program ­ May 27th 7pm 2. Grazing Management 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Investigation Report for the Cattlehead Cdv Site
    SITE INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR THE CATTLEHEAD CDV SITE United States Forest Service, Southern Region Ozark St. Francis National Forest Contract No. AG-43ZP-D-15-0007 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service, Southern Region Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Prepared by: BMT Designers & Planners, Inc. 4401 Ford Avenue, Suite 1000 Alexandria, Virginia 22302 March 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 2. GENERAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 3 3. SITE LOCATION AND PHYSICAL SETTING ....................................................................................... 4 3.1. Site Location .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.2. Topography ................................................................................................................................... 4 3.3. Geology ......................................................................................................................................... 4 3.4. Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.5. Surface Water ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ADA Fluoridation Facts 2018
    Fluoridation Facts Dedication This 2018 edition of Fluoridation Facts is dedicated to Dr. Ernest Newbrun, respected researcher, esteemed educator, inspiring mentor and tireless advocate for community water fluoridation. About Fluoridation Facts Fluoridation Facts contains answers to frequently asked questions regarding community water fluoridation. A number of these questions are responses to myths and misconceptions advanced by a small faction opposed to water fluoridation. The answers to the questions that appear in Fluoridation Facts are based on generally accepted, peer-reviewed, scientific evidence. They are offered to assist policy makers and the general public in making informed decisions. The answers are supported by over 400 credible scientific articles, as referenced within the document. It is hoped that decision makers will make sound choices based on this body of generally accepted, peer-reviewed science. Acknowledgments This publication was developed by the National Fluoridation Advisory Committee (NFAC) of the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Advocacy for Access and Prevention (CAAP). NFAC members participating in the development of the publication included Valerie Peckosh, DMD, chair; Robert Crawford, DDS; Jay Kumar, DDS, MPH; Steven Levy, DDS, MPH; E. Angeles Martinez Mier, DDS, MSD, PhD; Howard Pollick, BDS, MPH; Brittany Seymour, DDS, MPH and Leon Stanislav, DDS. Principal CAAP staff contributions to this edition of Fluoridation Facts were made by: Jane S. McGinley, RDH, MBA, Manager, Fluoridation and Preventive Health Activities; Sharon (Sharee) R. Clough, RDH, MS Ed Manager, Preventive Health Activities and Carlos Jones, Coordinator, Action for Dental Health. Other significant staff contributors included Paul O’Connor, Senior Legislative Liaison, Department of State Government Affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHEMISTRY of PESTICIDES Walter R
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Food and Drug Administration Papers U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 6-23-1969 THE CHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES Walter R. Benson Food and Drug Administration Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfda Part of the Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons, Health and Medical Administration Commons, Health Services Administration Commons, Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons, and the Pharmacy Administration, Policy and Regulation Commons Benson, Walter R., "THE CHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES" (1969). Food and Drug Administration Papers. 12. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfda/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Food and Drug Administration Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Reproduced by the U. S. DEPARTME",T OF HEAL TI!, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Fc·od and Drug Admilri.stration THE CHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES Walter R. Benson Pesticide Branch, Division of Food Chemistry, Bureau of Science Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D. C. Reprinted from ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Volume 160, Article 1, Pages 7-29 June 23, 1969 THE CHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES WaIter R. Benson Pesticide.f Brallch, DivisiO/l of Food Chemistr}" Bureall of Science "-ood and Drug Administration! Washingtoll, D. C. INTRODUCTION This review is limited to the structures ana a few reactions of the pesticides­ mainly in~ecticides-that affect mammalian systems and that are the subject of papers by other authors in this monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
    Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD October 2016 CONTENTS General Toxicology 5 Metals 31 Management 14 Pesticides 32 Drugs 17 Chemical Warfare 34 Chemical Incidents & 25 Plants 35 Pollution Chemicals 26 Animals 35 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH The need for ICU admission in intoxicated patients: a prediction model Brandenburg R, Brinkman S, de Keizer NF, Kesecioglu J, Meulenbelt J, de Lange DW. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15563650. 2016.1222616: Context Intoxicated patients are frequently admitted from the emergency room to the ICU for observational reasons. The question is whether these admissions are indeed necessary. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a model that predicts the need of ICU treatment (receiving mechanical ventilation and/or vasopressors <24 h of the ICU admission and/or in- hospital mortality). Materials and methods We performed a retrospective cohort study from a national ICU-registry, including 86 Dutch ICUs. We aimed to include only observational admissions and therefore excluded admissions with treatment, at the start of the admission that can only be applied on the ICU (mechanical Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England 2 ventilation or CPR before admission). First, a generalized linear mixed-effects model with binominal link function and a random intercept per hospital was developed, based on covariates available in the first hour of ICU admission.
    [Show full text]
  • European Corn Borer Control with Granular Formulations of Endrin, Heptachlor, and Toxaphene Mahlon Lowell Fairchild Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1959 European corn borer control with granular formulations of endrin, heptachlor, and toxaphene Mahlon Lowell Fairchild Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Fairchild, Mahlon Lowell, "European corn borer control with granular formulations of endrin, heptachlor, and toxaphene " (1959). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2152. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2152 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EUROPEAN CORN BORER CONTROL WITH GRANULAR FORMULATIONS OF ENDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, AND TOXAPHENE by MaliIon Lowell Fairchild A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Entomology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Heati of Major department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State Col 1ege Ames, Iowa 1959 I I TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE METHODS AND PROCEDURE DISCUSSION AND RESULTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGMENTS APPENDIX ] INTRODUCTION The European corn borer (Pyrausta nubi la 1 is (libn. ) ) was first re­ ported in this country by VinaI (1917). He suggested that it might have been imported in broomcorn from Europe. Since then it has moved west­ ward and southward until now it covers a major part of the corn growing area in the United States and Canada and has become one of the major economic pests on corn.
    [Show full text]