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Toxicological Evaluation of Parathion and Azinphosmethyl in Freshwater Model Ecosystems

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Toxicological Evaluation of Parathion and Azinphosmethyl in Freshwater Model Ecosystems Y\v\&*io 6>\o C Toxicological evaluation of parathion and azinphosmethyl in freshwater model ecosystems NN08201.81B :R.J.Dorîland Toxicological evaluationo fparathio nan d azinphosmethyl infreshwate rmode l ecosystems Promotor: dr.J.H . Koeman,hoogleraa r ind e toxicologie. R.J. Dortland Toxicological evaluation of parathion and azinphosmethyl in freshwater model ecosystems Proefschrift terverkrijgin gva nd egraa dva n doctori nd elandbouwwetenschappen , op gezagva nd erecto rmagnificus , dr.H.C .va nde rPlas , hoogleraari nd eorganisch e scheikunde, inhe topenbaa rt everdedige n opvrijda g2 0jun i198 0 desnamiddag st evie ruu ri nd eaul a vand eLandbouwhogeschoo l teWageninge n Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1980 Astract Dortland,R.J. ,1980 .Toxicologica l evaluationo fparathio nan dazinphosmethy li n freshwatermode l ecosystems.Agric .Res .Rep .(Versl .landbouwk .Onderz. )898 , ISBN9 022 0073 24 ,(viii )+ 112p. ,3 3figs ,4 2tables ,13 1refs ,appendices , Eng.an dDutc hsummaries . Also:Doctora l thesis,Wageningen . Astud ywa smad eo fth epossibl ehazard so f long-termexposur e offreshwate recosys ­ temst olo w (<1 m gm~3 )concentration s oforganophosphoru s insecticides.Range-fin ­ ding,acut ean dsub-acut e (3weeks )laborator y toxicity trialswer ecarrie d outwit h parathion,azinphosmethyl ,diazinon ,malathio nan dparathion-methyl .Th e rateso f dissipation ofthes ecompound s from thewate r phaseo faquari awit han dwithou tplant s andsediment swer estudied .Th emai ntes tspecie swer eDaphni amagna ,Asellu saqua - ticus,Chaoboru scrystallinu s andCloeo ndipterum .D .magn awa s themos t sensitive species,3-wee kno-effec tconcentration s ranged from0. 1 to 1.2m gm"3 .Parathio nwa s themos t toxiccompoun d tested.Parathio nan dazinphosmethy lwer e tested in3 x 1x 1 moutdoo rmode lecosystem s inconcentration s< 1m gm~ 3ove rperiod s ofmor etha n 3months .Wit ha waterproo f partition themode lecosystem swer edivide d intotw osub ­ systems.Withou t insecticide treatment thesesubsystem s developed similarly.Insecti ­ cidetreatmen to fon esubsyste mresulte d indevelopment s dissimilar tothos eo fth e control.Parathio n stronglyreduce dpopulation s ofDaphi asp p (0.5an d 1m g m~3), Simocephalusvetulu s (1m gm~3) ,Chydoru s sphaericus (1m gm"3 )an dChaoboru scrystal ­ linus (1m gm"3) ,N oeffect swer eobserve d at0. 2m gm"3 .Azinphosmethy l at 1m gm~ 3 reducedpopulation so fS .vetulu san dDaphni aspp .N odetrimenta leffect swer eobser ­ ved onCyclopoid aan dOstracoda . Freedescriptors :hazar dassessment ,toxicity ,EC50 ,no-effec tconcentration ,repro ­ duction,half-life ,diazinon ,malathion ,parathion-methyl ,Daphni amagna ,Asellu s aquaticus,Chaoboru s crystallinus,Cloeo ndipterum ,Cyclopoida ,Ostracoda ,aquati c invertebrates. This thesiswil lals ob epublishe d asAgricultura l ResearchReport s89 8 © Centrefo rAgricultura l Publishing andDocumentation ,Wageningen ,1980 . Nopar to f thisboo kma yb ereproduce d orpublishe d inan yform ,b yprint ,photoprint , microfilmo ran yothe rmean swithou twritte npermissio n from thepublishers . Stellingen 1. De in de onderhavige studie gebruikte modelecosystemen zijn goed bruikbaar voor de toetsing van no-effect-concentraties van toxische stoffen in zoetwater. 2. De voorlopige grenswaarde voor de concentratie aan Cholinesterase-remmende stoffen _3 in Nederlandse oppervlaktewateren dient te worden verlaagd van 1 mg.m naar _3 0,1 mg.m paraoxon-equivalenten. 3. Voor organofosforinsekticiden kunnen no-effect-concentraties voor veldsituaties worden afgeleid van 48-uur ECL.-waardeECL.-waarden voor Daphnia magna Straus door deze waarden te vermenigvuldigen met een factor 0,1. 4. De in de Kwartaalverslagen van Rijkswaterstaat als paraoxonequivalenten vermelde concentraties aan cholinesterase-remraende stoffen in het Nederlandse oppervlaktewater zijn, als gevolg van de gebruikte bepalingsmethodiek, van beperkte waarde als indica­ tor voor mogelijke ecologische schade. 5. In tegenstelling tot de bewering van Parker et al., is het gaan drijven van daphnia's geen symptoom van vergiftiging door cholinesterase-remmende stoffen. B.L. Parker, J.E. Dewey & CA. Back, 1970. Carbamate bioassay using Daphnia magna. J.Econ.Entom. 63(3): 710-714. 6. Bij het industrieel-toxicologische onderzoek van werknemers dienen slechts die expositie- en functietests te worden gehanteerd die relevant zijn met betrekking tot de blootstelling. 7. Vanuit een oogpunt van natuurbehoud is aanwezigheid van milieutoxicologische kennis binnen de teams die met tsetsevliegbestrijding zijn belast van groot belang. 8. De grote invloed van de produkt- en bedrijfsschappen op de formulering van de Be­ sluiten krachtend de Warenwet is, vanuit het standpunt van de consument bezien, vol­ strekt strijdig met de in de Toelichting op deze wet als één der hoofddoelen genoemde 'bevordering van de eerlijkheid in de handel'. 9.D esuggesti e vanCunningha mo mva npatiënte nme t lymfomend e'dietar yhistories ' teonderzoeke n lijktzinvol . A.S. Cunningham, 1976.Lymphoma s andanimal-protei n consumption.Th eLancet : 1184-1186. 10. Het grootst opgezette onderzoek vanTOO te r ontwikkeling van een nieuwe brood­ soort die 'de smakelijkheid van witbrood moet paren aan de gezondheid van vezelrijk volkorenbrood' is overbodig. R. Kroes, 1980.Voedin ge ngezondheid . Innovatie 38: 1-3. 11.D ebewerin gda td ehiërarchi ei nhe t legerloute rfunctionee l is,word tgelogen ­ straftdoo rd evel eprivilege s died ehogere ni nran ggenieten . 12.Da thede n tendag ekindere n inhu nspe ld ekoms tva nee npolitiewage n aankondigen methe tAmerikaans epioew-pioew-pioe w inplaat sva ntatietata-tatietata ,geef t e denken. R.J.Dortlan d Toxicological evaluationo fparathio n and azinphosmethyli nfreshwate rmode l ecosystems Wageningen,2 0jun i 1980 Aan mijn ouders Ter herinnering aan Soorti Woord vooraf Aand etotstandkomin g vandi tproefschrif t hebbenvel epersone n eenbijdrag e geleverd. Prof.dr.J.H . Koemanbedan ki kvoo rhe ti nmi j gesteldevertrouwe ne nvoo rd e intensieve begeleiding bijhe tbewerke nva nhe tmanuscript . De doctoraalstudentenMiek eHiddink-Scholte ,Ludge rva nde rEerden, OlfertCleveringa ,Magd a Bergman,Arn o Peters,Roe lJansen ,Froukj e Balk,Miek eMelis , Aris Schellinkhoute nLiesbet h Smitbedan ki kvoo r hunbijdrage n aandi t proefschrift enhun ,ondank s somsmoeilijk e omstandigheden, inspirerend enthousiasme. Vanhe t instituut voorOnderzoe kva nBestrijdingsmiddele n danki kprof.dr . F.J. Oppenoorth alsmede-opstelle rva n hetprojectvoorstel ,drs .H.R . Smissaertvoo r zijnwaardevolle ,ongezoute n kritieke ndr.ir .H .d eHee rvoo r zijnhul pbi jd egas - chromatografiee nhe t inrichtenva nd e"proefsloten" .Laatstgenoemd ee ndr.ir . M. Leistra hebbenbovendie nonde rwelhaas t tropische omstandighedenmeegeholpe nme t het ingravenva nproefsloten . Voortswi li kbedanken : -d evakgroe p Erfelijkheidsleer voorhe tte r beschikking stellenva nhe tterrei n voor deproefsloten . -dr .W.F .te n Berge (toenno gwerkzaa m bijAkz o Research)voo rd ehul pbi jhe top ­ zettenva nd ewatervlooienkwee k -mej . dr.J.F.M .Geelen ,drs .J .Cuppe ne nir .A .Klin k voorhu nhul pbi jd eidenti ­ ficatieva nd edivers ewate r organismen. -drs .J.J.P . Gardeniersvoo r zijncommentaa ro pdele nva nhe t concept -mej . E.G.M.Harmse nvoo r hetuitvoere nva nd echemisch e waterbepalingen -d ehere nG.J . Hardemane nR . Kleesvoo rd egoed everzorgin g vand ewatervlooien -e n algenkweek -d ehere nH . Groenevelde nH.G . Slijkhuis voorhu nnooi t aflatende hulpvaardigheid, toti nd eavondure ne nweekeinde nto e -d ehere nH . Paardekopere nJ . vand eGoo re nhu nmedewerker sva nd ewerkplaat s voor deonmisbar ee nvakbekwam e technische bijdragenaa nhe t onderzoek -drs .J.C . Beunder,beheerde rva nhe tBiotechnion ,voo r zijnsoepe l inspeleno p mijn annexatiedrift -d ehee rH . Koopmanvoo r zijnhul pbi jhe tinrichte nva nnieuw-geannexeerd e ruimten -d ehee rG .va nGinke lvoo rhe tsne le ngrondi g reinigenva n vele karrevrachten glaswerk -d ehee rC .Rijpm avoo rhe tuitstekend e tekenwerk - ir.K.Ch.A.M . Luybenvoo r zijnhul pbi j hetberekene nva nhalfwaardetijde n -mej . R.Jansse nvoo rhe t typenva n eendee lva nhe t concept enmevr .IV .Korte-Baye r vand eAfdelin gTekstverwerkin g (LH)voo rd e zorgvuldigewi jz ewaaro p zehe tuitein ­ delijkemanuscrip t heeftgetypt . -mevr .Brouns-Murra yvoo r deEngels e correctie -d ehee rR.J.P .Aalpo lvoo r deredactionel e vormgeving vanhe t proefschrift - drs.J . Bergsma,ing .G.P .Hartin g enmevr .F . Petersvoo rhu n koeriersdiensten tussenGruttoweide ,Salverdaplei n enPudoc . Voortsdan k ikall emedewerker s vand evakgroe pToxicologi e voord euiters t plezierige encollegial ewerksfeer . Tenslotte dank ikJoke ,Kaspe r enSterr evoo rd e tijddi e ik - tegen onze beginselen in- va nhe nmoch t roveno mdi tboekj e eindelijk af temaken . Curriculum vitae RobDortlan dwer do p1 4maar t 1948t eGoud ageboren .N ai n196 6 zijn einddiploma Gymnasium-betat ehebbe nbehaal daa n hetCasimirlyceu mt eAmstelveen ,bego n hiji n datzelfde jaar zijnstudi eaa nd eLandbouwhogeschoo l teWageningen .Septembe r197 3 behaaldehi j zijn ingenieursdiploma (met lof)me tal s hoofdvakd ekenni sva nd e levensmiddelene nal sbijvakke n toxicologie (verzwaard)e npedagogie ke nalgemen e didactiek.He tbijva k toxicologiewer d bewerkto phe tInstituu tvoo r Veterinaire Farmacologiee nToxicologi eva nd eRijk sUniversitei t teUtrecht . Na zijnmilitair e dienst kwamhi j alspromotie-assisten t indiens tva nd e Landbouwhogeschool,bi jd evakgroe pToxicologie . Sinds oktober 1979i shi jwerkzaa m bijd eDirecti
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