Hawaii on Two Foliage Plants, Dwarf Brassaia Diazinon Plant After Spots
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
3-27-2017 Nerve Agents
Week of March 13, 2017 – Nerve Agents Last month, on February 13, Kim Jong-nam, the exiled half-brother of North Korea's ruler, Kim Jong Un, was murdered by having the nerve agent, VX-gas, sprayed into his face while at Malaysia’s Kuala Lumpur International Airport. According to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), VX is the most toxic nerve agent ever synthesized. The CFR (founded in 1921) is a United States 4900-member organization, nonprofit, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs. The median lethal dose (LD50) of VX due to skin contact (not ingestion) for humans is estimated to be about 10 mg or 0.00035 ounces (that’s about 1/20 of a drop of liquid!). The median lethal airborne concentration (LC50) for this material, for which humans would inhale, is estimated to be 30 – 50 milligrams per cubic meter for only one minute! Typically, inhalation exposures are measured over an 8-hour time period. Yet, the effectiveness of VX is measured as an airborne exposure contaminant within a minute time period! VX is one a of number of chemical substances that is classified as a nerve agent. The principal nerve agents are sarin (GB), soman (GD), tabun (GA), and VX. They are manmade compounds that have been manufactured for the sole purpose to be used in chemical warfare. Nerve agents are organophosphorus compounds and therefore, are similar in mechanism of action as a number of pesticides; some of the most notable being malathion, parathion, and diazinon. As its name implies, these chemicals have a phosphorus atom connected to an organic molecule; the molecular variations of these materials are quite numerous. -
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) Ddvp (Dichlorvos) Diazinon Malathion Parathion
CHLORPYRIFOS (DURSBAN) DDVP (DICHLORVOS) DIAZINON MALATHION PARATHION Method no.: 62 Matrix: Air Procedure: Samples are collected by drawing known volumes of air through specially constructed glass sampling tubes, each containing a glass fiber filter and two sections of XAD-2 adsorbent. Samples are desorbed with toluene and analyzed by GC using a flame photometric detector (FPD). Recommended air volume and sampling rate: 480 L at 1.0 L/min except for Malathion 60 L at 1.0 L/min for Malathion Target concentrations: 1.0 mg/m3 (0.111 ppm) for Dichlorvos (PEL) 0.1 mg/m3 (0.008 ppm) for Diazinon (TLV) 0.2 mg/m3 (0.014 ppm) for Chlorpyrifos (TLV) 15.0 mg/m3 (1.11 ppm) for Malathion (PEL) 0.1 mg/m3 (0.008 ppm) for Parathion (PEL) Reliable quantitation limits: 0.0019 mg/m3 (0.21 ppb) for Dichlorvos (based on the RAV) 0.0030 mg/m3 (0.24 ppb) for Diazinon 0.0033 mg/m3 (0.23 ppb) for Chlorpyrifos 0.0303 mg/m3 (2.2 ppb) for Malathion 0.0031 mg/m3 (0.26 ppb) for Parathion Standard errors of estimate at the target concentration: 5.3% for Dichlorvos (Section 4.6.) 5.3% for Diazinon 5.3% for Chlorpyrifos 5.6% for Malathion 5.3% for Parathion Status of method: Evaluated method. This method has been subjected to the established evaluation procedures of the Organic Methods Evaluation Branch. Date: October 1986 Chemist: Donald Burright Organic Methods Evaluation Branch OSHA Analytical Laboratory Salt Lake City, Utah 1 of 27 T-62-FV-01-8610-M 1. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Lifetime Organophosphorous Insecticide Use Among Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 584 -- 592 & 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 1559-0631/12 www.nature.com/jes ORIGINAL ARTICLE Lifetime organophosphorous insecticide use among private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Jane A. Hoppin1, Stuart Long2, David M. Umbach3, Jay H. Lubin4, Sarah E. Starks5, Fred Gerr5, Kent Thomas6, Cynthia J. Hines7, Scott Weichenthal8, Freya Kamel1, Stella Koutros9, Michael Alavanja9, Laura E. Beane Freeman9 and Dale P. Sandler1 Organophosphorous insecticides (OPs) are the most commonly used insecticides in US agriculture, but little information is available regarding specific OP use by individual farmers. We describe OP use for licensed private pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) using lifetime pesticide use data from 701 randomly selected male participants collected at three time periods. Of 27 OPs studied, 20 were used by 41%. Overall, 95% had ever applied at least one OP. The median number of different OPs used was 4 (maximum ¼ 13). Malathion was the most commonly used OP (74%) followed by chlorpyrifos (54%). OP use declined over time. At the first interview (1993--1997), 68% of participants had applied OPs in the past year; by the last interview (2005--2007), only 42% had. Similarly, median annual application days of OPs declined from 13.5 to 6 days. Although OP use was common, the specific OPs used varied by state, time period, and individual. Much of the variability in OP use was associated with the choice of OP, rather than the frequency or duration of application. -
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Disulfoton When EPA concluded the organophosphate (OP) cumulative risk assessment in July 2006, all tolerance reassessment and reregistration eligibility decisions for individual OP pesticides were considered complete. OP Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs), therefore, are considered completed REDs. OP tolerance reassessment decisions (TREDs) also are considered completed. Combined PDF document consists of the following: • Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides (July 31, 2006) • Disulfoton IRED UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative risks -
Azinphos Methyl Analysis of Risks to Endangered and Threatened Salmon and Steelhead
Azinphos methyl Analysis of Risks to Endangered and Threatened Salmon and Steelhead July 23, 2003 William Erickson, Ph.D. and Larry Turner, Ph.D. Environmental Field Branch Office of Pesticide Programs Summary Azinphos methyl is an organophosphate pesticide registered for control of insects on a variety of crops, mainly fruits and nuts. Azinphos methyl is very highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. An ecological risk assessment that includes nontarget aquatic organisms was prepared by OPP’s Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) in 1999, and an Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision (IRED) was issued in October of 2001. The assessment concludes that acute and chronic Levels of Concern (LOCs) are exceeded for threatened and endangered (T&E or listed) freshwater fish as a result of runoff and drift of azinphos methyl from all treatment sites. Acute and chronic levels of concern also are exceeded for individuals of T&E invertebrates, as well as populations of invertebrates that may serve as food for listed fish. A subsequent agreement between azinphos methyl registrants and the Agency has led to 23 uses being canceled; seven other uses being phased out in 2005. Mitigation measures will reduce application rates and add no-spray buffers to product labels. Despite these measures, we conclude that azinphos methyl may affect 25 Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and will have no effect on one ESU. Our determinations are based on the known or potential use of azinphos methyl on various use sites in each county where there is habitat or a migration corridor for an ESU and the acute and chronic risks of azinphos methyl to endangered fish. -
Diazinon 50W INSECTICIDE
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE DUE TO AVIAN AND AQUATIC TOXICITY FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND USE ONLY BY CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR DIRECT SUPERVISION AND ONLY FOR THOSE USES COVERED BY THE CERTIFIED APPLICATOR’S CERTIFICATION. Diazinon 50W INSECTICIDE For control of certain insects on fruits, vegetables, nuts, field crops, and ornamentals grown outdoors in nurseries. ACTIVE INGREDIENT % BY WT. Diazinon: O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate ................................................................................................. 50.0% INERT INGREDIENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50.0% TOTAL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 100.0% EPA Reg. No. 66222-10 KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION FIRST AID CONTAINS AN ORGANOPHOSPHATE THAT INHIBITS CHOLINESTERASE IF SWALLOWED: Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. Do not induce vomiting unless told to by a poison con- trol center or doctor. Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person. IF INHALED: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then -
Case Report - Disulfoton Poisoning of Beef Cattle
PEER REVIEWED Case Report - Disulfoton Poisoning of Beef Cattle Gene A Niles, DVM; Sandra Morgan, DVM, MS, DABVT Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 Abstract during World War II.2,3,9 These compounds are among the most toxic chemical warfare agents known. 2 Use of A herd of beef cattle routinely fed cotton industry OP insecticides in agriculture increased dramatically by-products was poisoned by disulfoton-treated cotton following the war, with great economic benefit to all seed that was disposed in cotton gin trash. Disulfoton aspects of the industry. Although still in use, the amount is an organophosphorus insecticide. Eighteen of 48 ani of disulfoton used in agriculture has significantly de mals died. Blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels clined since the 1970s.11 were used to determine clearance of disulfoton from the Disulfoton is used in agriculture for insect control.11 surviving animals, and to determine when the animals One example of its use is the impregnation of seed grain could be sold. At 36 days post-exposure three animals, with disulfoton to control insect damage during stor although asymptomatic, hadAChE levels that suggested age, planting and germination. Disulfoton and captan, persistentAChE inhibition. At 77 days following initial a fungicide oflow toxicity (rat oral LD50-9000 mg/kg),1 exposure, AChE levels were within normal limits. are the active ingredients of Di-Syston®.a Disulfoton has been administered orally to calves Resume at 0.11 mg/lb (0.25 mg/kg) and yearlings at 0.22 mg/lb (0.5 mg/kg) without toxic effects. -
Innovative Biocatalysts As Tools to Detect and Inactivate Nerve Agents Elena Porzio1, Francesca Bettazzi2, Luigi Mandrich1, Immacolata Del Giudice1, Odile F
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Innovative Biocatalysts as Tools to Detect and Inactivate Nerve Agents Elena Porzio1, Francesca Bettazzi2, Luigi Mandrich1, Immacolata Del Giudice1, Odile F. Restaino3, Serena Laschi4, Ferdinando Febbraio1, Valentina De Luca1, 3 1 5 6 Received: 24 February 2018 Maria G. Borzacchiello , Teresa M. Carusone , Franz Worek , Antonio Pisanti , Piero Porcaro6, Chiara Schiraldi3, Mario De Rosa3, Ilaria Palchetti 2 & Giuseppe Manco1 Accepted: 25 July 2018 Published: xx xx xxxx Pesticides and warfare nerve agents are frequently organophosphates (OPs) or related compounds. Their acute toxicity highlighted more than ever the need to explore applicable strategies for the sensing, decontamination and/or detoxifcation of these compounds. Herein, we report the use of two diferent thermostable enzyme families capable to detect and inactivate OPs. In particular, mutants of carboxylesterase-2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and of phosphotriesterase-like lactonases from Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, have been selected and assembled in an optimized format for the development of an electrochemical biosensor and a decontamination formulation, respectively. The features of the developed tools have been tested in an ad-hoc fabricated chamber, to mimic an alarming situation of exposure to a nerve agent. Choosing ethyl-paraoxon as nerve agent simulant, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 nM, after 5 s of exposure time was obtained. Furthermore, an optimized enzymatic formulation was used for a fast and efcient environmental detoxifcation (>99%) of the nebulized nerve agent simulants in the air and on surfaces. Crucial, large- scale experiments have been possible thanks to production of grams amounts of pure (>90%) enzymes. Pesticides and warfare nerve agents are frequently organophosphates (OPs) or related compounds (e.g. -
Disulfoton CAS #: 298-04-4
Review Date: 10/20/2013 disulfoton CAS #: 298-04-4 Type Organophosphate insecticide. Controls Selective insecticide especially effective on sucking insects - aphids, beetles, billbugs, borers, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, leafminers, mealybugs, midge, mites, moths, psyllids, scale, thrips, webworm, wireworm, and whiteflies. Mode of Action Systemic insecticide that is absorbed through plant roots and is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor in insects. Thurston County Review Summary: The insecticide active ingredient disulfotton is rated high in hazard and products containing it fail Thurston County's pesticide review criteria. Disulfoton is rated high in hazard for its mutagenic potential. Risk to humans and wildlife from the use of disulfoton insecticides is rated moderate for the only remaining EPA registered product. According to the EPA's January 2010 registration review decision document for disulfoton, the registrants of all pesticide products containing disulfoton were voluntarily cancelled. No new products will be manufactured but existing products can be sold (Reference 3). As of the date of this review, the only existing product containing disulfoton registered for use in the states of Washington and Oregon has the EPA registration number 72155-49, which is a granular product for use on residential ornamentals including rose bushes, shrubs, and flowerbeds. MOBILITY Property Value Reference Value Rating Water Solubility (mg/L) 25 4 Moderate - low Soil Sorption (Kd=mL/g) Value not found Organic Sorption (Koc=mL/g) 383 to 888 1 Moderate - high Mobility Summary: Disulfoton is not very soluble in water and is expected to adhere moderately to organic soil. The hazard for disulfoton to move off the site of application with rain or irrigation water is rated moderate if the product is left on the surface soil, and low if it is incorporated into the soil and watered in. -
Code Chemical P026 1-(O-Chlorophenyl)Thiourea P081 1
Code Chemical P026 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P081 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate (R) P042 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, (R)- P067 1,2-Propylenimine P185 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)- carbonyl]oxime 1,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexa- chloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a,-hexahydro-, P004 (1alpha,4alpha, 4abeta,5alpha,8alpha,8abeta)- 1,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexa- chloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-, P060 (1alpha,4alpha, 4abeta,5beta,8beta,8abeta)- P002 1-Acetyl-2-thiourea P048 2,4-Dinitrophenol P051 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth [2,3-b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9 -hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a- octahydro-, (1aalpha,2beta,2abeta,3alpha,6alpha,6abeta,7 beta, 7aalpha)-, & metabolites 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9- hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a- P037 octahydro-, (1aalpha,2beta,2aalpha,3beta,6beta,6aalpha,7 beta, 7aalpha)- P045 2-Butanone, 3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylthio)-, O-[methylamino)carbonyl] oxime P034 2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1- phenylbutyl)-, & salts, when present at P001 concentrations greater than 0.3% P069 2-Methyllactonitrile P017 2-Propanone, 1-bromo- P005 2-Propen-1-ol P003 2-Propenal P102 2-Propyn-1-ol P007 3(2H)-Isoxazolone, 5-(aminomethyl)- P027 3-Chloropropionitrile P047 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, & salts P059 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro- 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P008 4-Aminopyridine P008 4-Pyridinamine P007 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- -
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Diazinon AG500 Page 1 of 6
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Diazinon AG500 Page 1 of 6 1. IDENTIFICATION Product name: Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg. No. 66222-9) Chemical name of active ingredient(s): Diazinon: O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate Manufacturer/Registrant: Makhteshim Agan of North America, Inc. 3120 Highwoods Blvd., Suite 100 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: 919-256-9300 For fire, spill, and/or leak emergencies, contact Phone: 1-800-535-5053 Infotrac: For medical emergencies and health and Phone: 1-877-250-9291 safety inquiries, contact Prosar: 2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS COMMON NAME CAS NO. % OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV OTHER NTP/IARC/OSHA (CARCINOGEN) Diazinon 333-41-5 48 NE 0.1 mg/m3 (TWA) NE NA Aromatic petroleum 123 mg/m3 hydrocarbons 25551-13-7 39.2 NE (TWA) NE NA Contains: Pseudocumene (1,2,4- 123 mg/m3 trimethylbenzene) 95-63-6 9.0* NE (TWA) NE NA 435 mg/m3 434 mg/m3 m-Xylene 108-38-3 3.1* (TWA) (TWA) NE NA 435 mg/m3 434 mg/m3 o-Xylene 95-47-6 3.1* (TWA) (TWA) NE NA *Amount in finished product. NE=not established; NA=not available 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Appearance: Amber liquid Odor: Slight sulfur-like EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: CAUTION. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin. Causes moderate eye injury. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Avoid contamination of food and feed. Food utensils such as tablespoons and measuring cups should not be used for food purposes after use in measuring pesticides.