Development of Operational Requirements for Self
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Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ISSN 1729-3774 5/1 ( 107 ) 2020 UDC 621.313 Л 3.621.369.3 This paper reports a study into the possibility of using the chassis of com- DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212788 bine-harvesters as a mobile energy device. The operational requirements for mobile energy technological devices for general DEVELOPMENT OF purposes have been developed. The traction-coupling characteristics OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS of the combine-harvester with an adap- ter that increases traction force have been investigated. FOR SELF-PROPELLED The theoretical dependences have been derived of the motion speed, the power on COMBINE-HARVESTERS WITH a hook, the specific fuel consumption, as well as a factor of loading the wheels of the driven THE CAPABILITIES OF MOBILE axle, on the traction force on the hook of an energy-technological device. ENERGY DEVICES It is noted that the use of the controlled axle with drive wheels reduces the slippage of the engines of the energy technological V. Sheichenko device. At the engine slippage level of up Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher to 16 % an energy device, equipped with Department of Technology and Means a driven axle with drive wheels, generates of Mechanization of Agricultural Production* a traction force on the hook of up to 40 kN. Е-mail: [email protected] Under the conditions of driving the axle A. Kuzmych by the hydraulic transmission mainline, the PhD** motion speed of an energy device decrea- ses by 17.9 %, 28.5 %, 35.9 %, and 49.0 %, V. Niedoviesov respectively, on gears I, II, III, and IV of the PhD, Senior Researcher** drive axle gearbox. M. Aneliak The power on the energy device’s hook is PhD, Senior Researcher** increased due to the corresponding increase O. Bіlovod in traction effort: on gear III, at a trac- PhD, Associate Professor tion effort within 35–40 kN, the capacity on the hook is 68–75 kW. Under these condi- Department of Industrial Engineering* tions, the specific fuel consumption is 430– V. Shevchuk 460 g/kWh at the device’s motion speed PhD, Senior Researcher*** within 1.9–1.95 m/s. T. Kutkovetska The limits for changing the load factor PhD*** on the wheels of the driven axle (not less N. Shpilka than 0.2) have been determined, at which the requirements for control over an energy PhD, Associate Professor device are met. Department of Life Safety* The specific fuel consumption (540– *Poltava State Agrarian Academy 580 g/kWh) by a combine-harvester with Skovorody str., 1/3, Poltava, Ukraine, 36003 a throughput capacity of 9–11 kg/s has **Department of Advanced Technologies and Technical Means for been established, when using it as an energy Harvesting, Processing and Storage of Grain and Oilseeds Crops technological device for general purposes at National Scientific Center «Institute of a motion speed of 1.7–2.1 m/s and a traction Agriculture Engineering and Electrification» effort on the hook of 24–33 kN Vokzalna str., 11, Hlevakha, Vasylkiv dist., Kyiv reg., Ukraine, 08631 Keywords: combine-harvester, energy technological device, operational require- ***Department of Agricultural Engineering ments, traction-coupling properties, adapter Uman National University of Horticulture Institutska str., 1, Uman, Ukraine, 20305 Received date 17.06.2020 Copyright © 2020, V. Sheichenko, A. Kuzmych, Accepted date 23.09.2020 V. Niedoviesov, M. Aneliak, O. Bіlovod, V. Shevchuk, T. Kutkovetska, N. Shpilka Published date 13.10.2020 This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) 1. Introduction out in order to build universal mobile energy devices (UMED). These means execute numerous technological operations The principle of modular-block design of machines and va- employing the variable modules installed in them. rious technical assemblies is known and widely used in the in- In agriculture, one of the designs of the modular-block dustries involving the application of machines. This is carried type is a combine-harvester. It consists of a powerful self-pro- 60 Engineering technological systems: Reference for Chief Designer at an industrial enterprise pelled energy device containing the chassis, engine, hydraulic implemented in the form of the XERION UMED made by system, cabin, automated control system. An energy device CLAAS (Germany) [4], the GITRAC 300 MBC made by hosts variable modules for harvesting various crops: corn, GILLES (Belgium), etc. sunflower, legumes, soybeans, lupin, rape, cereals, sorghum, Noteworthy are those design solutions, according to herb seeds, etc. In addition, for harvesting grain by different which the threshing and separating device of the grain har- technologies, reaping machines are used of the appropriate vesting module is located immediately behind the reaping capture width, as well as pickers and tools for the non-grain part, across the movement of the threshing unit. The dis- part of the crop (shredder, accumulator, roller). abling of the conventional technological tract in the com- However, despite a rather large degree of the universali- bine-harvester KZR-10 Polesie-Rotor has made it possible zation of the energy device for a combine-harvester, this to build the grain harvesting complex KZR-10 (Belarus) modular-block structure has a significant disadvantage – the based on the Polesie-250 UMED («Gomsilmash»). The total utilization over the year does not exceed three months. throughput capacity of such a complex is up to 12 kg/s, the The seasonality of agricultural work imposes restrictions on productivity of grain threshing is up to 30 t/h; direct costs the utilization of agricultural machinery during the year. This for grain harvesting are less by 2.5 times compared to the cor- also applies to fodder- and beetroot-harvesting combines. responding indicators for the combine-harvester Don-1500. The most attractive solution to this issue is the construction However, the modular-block systems built by the Gomsil- of universal traction-type energy devices. These tools should mash design bureau were not effective enough, so the produc- be easily adjusted to a set of variable modular-block struc- tion of KZR-10 was eventually suspended. tures. The use of energy devices with interchangeable modu- At the modern level of the technical-technological support lar-block structures would make it possible to execute the to grain production systems, combine-harvesting technolo- entire volume of operations relating to the cultivation and gies are fundamentally the most progressive. They make it harvesting of grain crops, corn, sugar beet, to cargo-trans- possible to obtain a product (cereals) directly in the field, and porting operations and fertilization. Ultimately, this could the product itself is characterized by the convenience of trans- improve efficiency and reduce the cost of production. portation and the efficiency of post-harvest processing [6]. The above proposals to use, in the off-season, combine-har- Therefore, specialists at leading combine-building companies vesters as universal energy devices also include the following. of the world, in agrotechnical science, and at relevant design An analysis of the principles of control and the structure of organizations direct their efforts to improve combine-har- combine-harvesters and energy devices has established the vesters and other technical means for the implementation of universality of approaches to their synthesis. The high level mainly combine technology of grain harvesting [7, 8]. of unification also characterizes their transmissions. Based on Study [9] suggests an approach to solving the issue of the the above, it is a relevant issue to systematically coordinate development of tractor energy engineering and agricultural the possible production of combine-harvesters and energy machinery through the implementation of four steps. Those devices for general purposes under the same technological include the construction of the Machine System based on conditions at the same production facilities. a new type of tractors; the introduction of a system to devise the agrotechnical (output) requirements by those enterpri- ses (firms) that build new agricultural machinery. Implemen- 2. Literature review and problem statement tation of the third step involves the protection of consumer interests by strengthening the system of conformity control Discussions of and research into the priorities in the of the developed equipment to the declared agrotechnical production of mono combine-harvesters or universal, multi- requirements. The fourth step implies the coordination of functional energy devices began at the end of the last cen- research aimed at the construction of new equipment. How- tury [1]. Given the technical level of the marked period in ever, the authors disregarded issues of the possible produc- the development of the sectors of the national economy, tion of combine-harvesters and tractors at the industrial engineering, chemical, electronic industry, no desired results facilities of the same machine-building enterprise. were achieved. Several variants of self-propelled chassis were Study [10] reports the results of the development of new built to be subsequently used as vehicles. Such solutions equipment, which differs in that the authors took into con- were substantiated because the transportation of cargoes sideration the requirements for the ecophilic properties of the during agricultural operation accounts for about 70–80 % of tire. Meeting this requirement makes it possible to maximize all costs of the production process [2]. Over the years, this the permissible level of pressure of tractor wheels on the scientific and practical problem was further advanced. This ground, taking into consideration the maximum load-bear- is confirmed by the Terra-Trac ТТ350 energy device made by ing capacity of the wheel tires. The practical effectiveness of HORSCH (Germany), designed for the application of liquid the new approach was confirmed using an example of deter- mineral and organic fertilizers. These productive units were mining the possibility and level of ballasting of a particular developed on the basis of motor transport modules.