WBC-INCO.NET setting of regional research priorities Consultation Session on Environment
NATIONALNATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND REPORTREPORT ONON ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT FORFOR BOSNIABOSNIA ANDAND HERZEGOVINAHERZEGOVINA
SulejmanSulejman RedRedžžiićć ANUBiH - Academy of Sciences & Arts of Bosnia & Herzegovina (CEPRES – Center of Ecology & Natural Resources, Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, B&H)
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 1 WBC-INCO.NET setting of regional research priorities Consultation Session on Environment
NATIONALNATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND REPORTREPORT ONON ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT FORFOR BOSNIABOSNIA ANDAND HERZEGOVINAHERZEGOVINA
PreparedPrepared by:by: Sulejman Redžić, University of Sarajevo, FBiH, BiH Goran Trbić, Unversity of Banja Luka, RS, BiH
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 2 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 3 B o s n i a
Herzegovina
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 4 OrographyOrography andand geologygeology
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 5 GeologicalGeological mapmap ofof BiHBiH
•• Very heterogenous •• Glaciation
•• High diversity of climate and soils
•• Rich and unique biodiversity
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 6 RiverRiver basinsbasins ofof BiHBiH
•• BlackBlack SeaSea basinbasin N •• AdriaticSeaAdriaticSea basinbasin
Karst region Livno karts field
State border Entity border waters
Direct wastershed of the river Sava River Bosna basin River Cetina basin River Drina basin River Glina basin River Korana basin River Neretva basin River Trebišnjica basin River Ukrina basin River Una basin 30 0 30 Kilometers River Vrbas basin wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 7 SOIL CONDITIONS
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 8 TheThe overalloverall EnvironmentEnvironment policypolicy frameworkframework
• The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a party to a number of international environmental agreements and conventions, and is fully committed to meeting the requirements stipulated in these agreements. Among the most important international agreements ratified is United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution and Protocol to the Convention Financing of the Co-operative Program for Monitoring and Evaluation on the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP Protocol), Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, etc.
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 9 ••Federation B&H, Republic of Srpska, Brčko District:
•• Law on nature protection •• Law on nature protection •• Law on nature protection •• Law on environment protectionLaw on environment protection •• Frame law on environment protectionLaw on air protectionLaw on air protection •• Law on air protection •• Law on water protectionLaw on water protectionLaw on water protection •• Law on waste managementLaw on waste managementLaw on waste management •• Law on Fund for environment protection •• Law on Fund for environment protectionLaw on comunal activities wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 10 StrategicStrategic goal:goal:
•• TheThe strategicstrategic goalgoal ofof BosniaBosnia andand HerzegovinaHerzegovina isis aa fullfull membershipmembership toto thethe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion;; thereforetherefore bothboth EntitiesEntities havehave recognizedrecognized EuropeanEuropean andand worldworld legislativelegislative standardsstandards asas aa basisbasis forfor developingdeveloping nationalnational environmentalenvironmental legislationlegislation..
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 11 •• BIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY ANDAND LANDSCAPESLANDSCAPES
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 12 GeographicalGeographical positionposition ofof hotspotshotspots inin W.BalkanW.Balkan regionregion
Main centers of Main hotspots in Bosnian Dinaric biodiversity Alps
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 13 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 14 Pinetum nigrae-illyricae relic community in canyon of Nerteva river
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 15 Oxytropis urumovi
Sub-alpine pastures wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 16 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 17 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 18 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 19 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 20 MARINE WATER POLLUTION
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 21 One of the most remarkable phenomena on global scale is considered to be KARST with different forms of geomorphologic diversity:
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 22 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 23 Karst polje
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 24 Edraianthus serpyllifolius
Edraianthus jugoslavicus subsp. wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009.subalpinus 25 Campanula cochleariifolia Lam.
Campanula hercegovina Degen Stenoendemic of this hotspot
Calcareous rocks in canyons are very rich of endemic and relic plant species wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 26 Papaver kerneri wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 27 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 28 Endemic and relic plants at dolomite endemic centers
Petteria ramentacea Coronilla emerus subsp. emeroides
Helleborus hercegovinus Reichardia macrophylla wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 29 FAUNA BIODIVERSITY
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 30 AmphibiansAmphibians
•• ThereThere areare nearlynearly 8080 amphibianamphibian speciesspecies inin thethe MediterraneanMediterranean BasinBasin hotspot;hotspot; nearlynearly 3030 ofof thesethese areare endemicendemic (31(31 percent).percent).
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 31 ReptilesReptiles There are more than 225 reptile species in the Mediterranean hotspot, nearly 80 (34 percent) of which are endemic.
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 32 VertebratesVertebrates
• Birds A total of nearly 500 bird species are found in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot, and many more migrate through the region, crossing the Mediterranean at Gibraltar, Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Crete, and Cyprus. About 25 of these species are endemic, and several are threatened, including: the Spanish Imperial eagle ( Aquila adalberti, EN),
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 33 MammalsMammals
•• TheThe MediterraneanMediterranean BasinBasin hotpsothotpsot isis thethe homehome ofof moremore thanthan 220220 terrestrialterrestrial mammalmammal species,species, ofof whichwhich 2525 areare endemicendemic (11(11 percent).percent).
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 34 BILJNI GENETIČKI RESURSI IZVOR: REDŽIĆ, S, 2009. wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 35 wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 36 •• MAINMAIN TTHREATSHREATS::
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 37 Construction and devastation of infrastructure and natural values
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 38 UNSUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 39 Unsistainable construcion and colonization in protected areas
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 40 CORRIDORCORRIDOR 5C5C HIGHWAYHIGHWAY ININ THETHE SECTIONSECTION Mostar MostarMostar--ČČapljinaapljina-- CrveniCrveni grmgrm
Čapljina Stolac Ramsar Site Ploče Hutovo blato Ramsar Site Neretva estuary
EIA ?! Neumwbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 41 EIA ?!
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 42 COX, NOX, SOX CFC
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 43 AIR POLLUTION wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 44 EFEKAT STAKLENIKA
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 45 Water pollution and wasted of banks
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 46 Sewage system polluted water Class is 4 and more BDO is more than 1,500mg/l
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 47 EUTROPHICATION OF GLACAIL LAKE (Protected area)!?
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 48 WASTE MANAGEMENT
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 49 WASTE DEPONY ?
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 50 MINERAL RESOURCES EXPLOATATION
UNSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 51 WASTE COULD BE RESEOURCE IN THE PROCESS OF ECOLOGICAL ENEGINEERINGwbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 52 LAND MINES wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 53 AQUACULTURE GENETICAL POLLUTION GENETICAL EROSION
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 54 INVASIVE SPECIES wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 55 GMO AND FOOD
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 56 POVERTY INCREASINGwbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 57 Ecological awarness
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 58 SREDNJE GODIŠNJE TEMPERATURE, BJELAŠNICA
3,5
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 ‐0,5
‐1,0
‐1,5
‐2,0
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 59 GODIŠNJA KOLIČINA PADAVINA, BJELAŠNICA
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 60 30,0 God.suma padavina BJELAŠNICA 2067m. (1895-2008) 20,0
10,0 3500
3000 0,0 sr.god.T
2500 13 37 71 95 989 aps.max.T ?? 1895 1901 1907 19 1919 1925 1931 19 1953 1959 1965 19 1977 1983 1 19 2001 2007 -10,0 2000 aps.min.T
1500 -20,0 1000 500 -30,0 0 1895 1903 1911 1928 1936 1954 1962 1970 1978 1986 1994 2002 -40,0
EKOLOŠKE TOPLINSKE MIGRACIJE VEGETACIJE – BJELAŠNICA,wbc-inco.net, 2067m Junw 16-17, 2009. IZVOR: Redžić, S., 2009.61
13% 34.0% 15% 48.0% 18%
18.0%
Endangered (E) Vulnerabre (V) Rare (R) 23% 31%
Rare (R) Vulnerabre (V) Endangered (E) Extinct (Ex) Insufficiently Known (K)
K 0,90%
R 37,30% 13%
15% 18%
V 54,50%
23%
31%
E 7,30% Rare (R) Vulnerabre (V) Endangered (E) Extinct (Ex) Insufficiently Known (K)
Vulnerabre (V) Endangered (E) Rare (R) Insufficiently Known (K) Endangered flora, fauna, birds and ecosystems
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 62 BB 1.1. CurrentCurrent situation,situation, prioritiespriorities andand coco-- operationoperation inin S&TS&T field:field: BB 1.11.1 CurrentCurrent situation:situation:
TThehe mainmain nationalnational developmentdevelopment policypolicy priorities?priorities? –– HarmonizationHarmonization ofof existingexisting legislationlegislation withwith EuropeanEuropean standardsstandards –– IdentificationIdentification ofof keykey indicatorsindicators ofof sustainablesustainable developmentdevelopment –– EstablishmentEstablishment ofof environmentalenvironmental policypolicy inin thethe energyenergy sectorsector andand sectoralsectoral managementmanagement ofof naturalnatural resourcesresources
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 63 MainMain EnvironmentEnvironment sectorsector trendstrends inin BosniaBosnia && HerzegovinaHerzegovina
•• Climate Changes monitoring •• Biodiversity assessment & management •• Water resources management •• Development of sustainable tourism •• Establishment of the network of protected areas •• Development of the model for sustainable waste management •• Development of Environmental Impact Assessment process •• Establishment and functioning of fund for environmental protection •• Development of the sector for cooperation with non- governmental organizations wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 64 TThehe mainmain R&DR&D priorities?priorities?
•• EstablishingEstablishing ofof DataData basebase ““WhoWho isis whowho inin thethe EnvironmentEnvironment ofof BosniaBosnia andand HerzegovinaHerzegovina”” •• InventoryInventory ofof biodiversity,biodiversity, identificationidentification ofof biodiversitybiodiversity hothot spots,spots, conservationconservation assessmentassessment ofof thethe statusstatus ofof endangeredendangered speciesspecies andand ecosystemsecosystems •• EcologicalEcological classificationclassification ofof thethe areaarea ofof BosniaBosnia andand HerzegovinaHerzegovina •• DevelopmentDevelopment andand applicationapplication ofof ecologicalecological engineering,engineering, ecologicalecological restorationrestoration andand recoveryrecovery ofof contaminatedcontaminated landland andand waterwater ecosystemecosystem
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 65 TThehe mainmain R&DR&D priorities?priorities?/2/2
•• Establishment of an integrated environmental information system for sustainable management of environment •• Sustainable use of biodiversity in poverty reduction and the generation of profitable projects •• Environmental education, promotion of awareness, in public sector and target groups •• De-mining land and wetland eco-systems and their ecological restoration •• The post war recovery of ecosystems contaminated, devastated and destrued by war
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 66 OverOver thethe nextnext 1010 yearsyears thethe mainmain R&DR&D policypolicy issuesissues inin thisthis S&TS&T fieldfield areare??
• a) Development of bioindication system for climate change monitoring change monitoring • b) Development of adaptation system according to principles of ecosystem approach • c) Evaluation of global environmental change in BiH • d) Assessment of conservation status of biodiversity in accordance with the criteria of IUCN 2003. • e) Integrated management of catchments areas as a sustainable instrument of protection • f) Identification of indicators for intersectoral connection in order to address environmental problems in order to address environmental problems • g) Environmentally acceptable form of waste management
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 67 • h) Phytoremediation of waste water in rural areas with no sewage system sewage system • g) Evaluation and classification of natural heritage • j) Establishing of network of protected areas in biodiversity hot spots • k) Research opportunities for ecological tourism and its integration role in the intersectoral approach • l) Evaluation of environmentally acceptable energy sources as possible substitution of classic energy forms • m) Identification and evaluation of environmental consequences of invasive species and ecological safety of food and medicines, including GMOs
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 68 TheThe nationalnational policypolicy andand R&DR&D prioritiespriorities asas aa subjectsubject forfor establishmentestablishment ofof specificspecific coco-- operationoperation withwith otherother WesternWestern BalkanBalkan CountriesCountries are:are:
••ClimateClimate changechange ••InvasiveInvasive speciesspecies ••IntegratedIntegrated waterwater managementmanagement ••TransboundaryTransboundary pollutionpollution ••EstablishmentEstablishment ofof protectedprotected areasareas ••LandLand mainesmaines
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 69 ResearchResearch prioritiespriorities onon thethe basisbasis ofof thethe countrycountry’’ss readinessreadiness
• 5.1.1. Priority 1 (incl. explanation and if possible give further specification for sub- Theme, area, activity…) • Climate change – reflection on environment and economy, • 5.1.2. Priority 2 • Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management • 5.1.3. Priority 3 • Water Resources Management • 5.1.3. Priority 4 • Land use • 5.2. [Theme] Research priorities on the basis of future potential** • 5.2.1. Priority 1 • Water Resources in Hydro Energy and Climate Changes • 5.2.2. Priority 2 • Biodiversity in Global Climate Changes • 5.2.3. Priority 3 • Energy in Climate Changes • 5.2.4. Priority 4 • Biodiversity and Natural Resources in Sustainable Economy
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 70 REGIONALREGIONAL FUTUREFUTURE RESEARCHRESEARCH PROJECTS:PROJECTS:
•• BiodiversityBiodiversity asas anan bioindicatorbioindicator ofof cliamtecliamte changeschanges (high(high mountainmountain region,region, wetlands...,wetlands..., beachbeach andand sprucespruce forests)forests) •• EstblishmentEstblishment ofof regionalregional protectedprotected areasareas (Una(Una riverriver basin,basin, deltadelta ofof NeretvaNeretva river,river, AdriaticAdriatic coastcoast NeumNeum –– Klek,Klek, DinaraDinara mt.mt. (BH,(BH, HR);HR); DrinaDrina riverriver basinbasin –– (MN,(MN, SR);SR); •• DinaricDinaric karstkarst areaarea –– OrjenOrjen Mt.Mt. (BH,(BH, MN,MN, HR),HR), •• KarstKarst poljespoljes andand poljespoljes inin karst,karst, caves;caves;
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 71 REGIONALREGIONAL FUTUREFUTURE RESEARCHRESEARCH PROJECTS:PROJECTS:
•• IntegartedIntegarted waterwater managememanagementnt (Sava(Sava riverriver basin;basin; UnaUna RiverRiver basin,basin, NeretvaNeretva riverriver basin,basin, DrinaDrina riverriver basin)basin) •• IntegratedIntegrated lakeslakes managementmanagement (HR,(HR, BH,BH, MN,MN, MK,MK, SR)SR) •• InavsiveInavsive speciesspecies-- monitoringmonitoring andand sustainablesustainable managementmanagement (including(including ofof GMO).GMO). •• LandLand demaingdemaing (including(including ofof ecologicalecological approach)approach)
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 72 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION.
E-mail: [email protected]
wbc-inco.net, Junw 16-17, 2009. 73