Literary Production, Currents and Politics Between 1960 and 1980 in Turkey Hakki Başgüney
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Literary production, currents and politics between 1960 and 1980 in Turkey Hakki Başgüney To cite this version: Hakki Başgüney. Literary production, currents and politics between 1960 and 1980 in Turkey. Sociology. Université de Strasbourg; Boǧaziçi üniversitesi (Istanbul), 2013. English. NNT : 2013STRAG007. tel-00993116 HAL Id: tel-00993116 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993116 Submitted on 19 May 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 519 [UMR 7236] THÈSE présentée par Hakkı Başgüney soutenue le : 27 juin 2013 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Sociologie Littérature, Courants et Politique dans les années 1960 et 1970 en Turquie THÈSE dirigée par : [Mr. Paul Dumont] Professeur, Université de Strasbourg [Mr. Zafer Toprak] Professeur, Université de Boğaziçi RAPPORTEURS : [ Mr. Samim Akgönül] Maître de Conférences, Université de Strasbourg [Mme. Arzu Öztürkmen] Professeur, Université de Boğaziçi [Mr. Didier Francfort] Professeur, Université de Lorraine AUTRES MEMBRES DU JURY : [Mr. Ahmet Kuyaş] Maître de Conférences –Hdr, Université de Galatasaray LITERARY PRODUCTION, CURRENTS AND POLITICS BETWEEN 1960 AND 1980 IN TURKEY HAKKI BAŞGÜNEY UNIVERSITE DE STRASBOURG BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY 2013 LITERARY PRODUCTION, CURRENTS AND POLITICS BETWEEN 1960 AND 1980 IN TURKEY by Hakkı Başgüney Submitted to the Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopy Boğaziçi University Hakkı BAŞGÜNEY Littérature, Courants et Politique dans les années 1960 et 1970 en Turquie Résumé Cette thèse examine la visibilité croissante de l’activité littéraire comme étant un des éléments majeurs de la scène culturelle en Turquie, entre les années 1960 et 1980. Dans cette thèse, on soutient qu’au cours de ces décennies, il s’est produit une recrudescence de la visibilité ainsi que de l’influence de l’activité littéraire sur le monde culturel et la société turque. Mon travail vise également à déterminer les relations complexes qui peuvent exister entre la culture littéraire et la politique. Il convient de souligner que l'identité politique ayant été adoptée par les acteurs littéraires, était généralement une identité dissidente envers le système politique et social de son époque. j'ai tenté d’analyser le climat intellectuel par le biais de la littérature. De plus, ma réflexion se pose sur les raisons de l’importance du rôle des personnalités littéraires comme intellectuels dans la société turque de 1960 à 1980. Littérature, écrivains, intellectuel, culturel, politique Résumé en anglais This dissertation examines the increasing visibility of literary activities as a part of the other cultural activities between 1960 and 1980. During these two decades, there was an increasing influence of literary activities, literary production, and literary world throughout the larger parts of the Turkish society. This work also assesses the intricate relations between literary culture and politics. It will be emphasized that the political identity which was adopted by the literary actors was generally one critical of the existing political and social system. The intellectual climate will be examined via literature. I argue that men of letters, literary actors played important roles with academics and journalists through their public, intellectual identity in the social life from 1960 to the end of the 1970s. Literature, writers, intellectual, cultural, politics Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Atatürk İlke ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü’nde Doktora derecesi için Hakkı Başgüney tarafından …. da teslim edilen tezin özeti Başlık: Türkiye’de 1960 ile 1980 Yılları Arasında Yazınsal Üretim, Akımlar ve Politika Bu çalışma 1960 ile 1980 yılları arasında kültürel etkinliklerin bir parçası olarak tarif edilen dönemin yazınsal faaliyetlerinin artan görünürlüğünü ortaya koymayı hedefliyor. Bu çalışmada bu iki on yıl boyunca yazınsal etkinliklerin, yazınsal üretimin, yazınsal dünyanın etkisinin Türkiye toplumunun geniş kesimlerine ulaştığı öne sürülecektir. Bu süreç kendi içinde çeşitli akımları, eğilimleri de içeren daha etkin bir yazınsal dünyanın, akımların, kamuoyunun, pazarın şekillenmesi, yeniden kuruluşu ve genişlemesi olarak da görülebilir. Çalışma öte yandan bu dönemde yazınsal kültür ve politik pozisyonlar arasında da güçlü ve karmaşık bir ilişki olduğunu varsayıyor. Dönemin yazınsal etkinlikleri incelenerek de dönemin politik ve sosyal tarihine dair önemli bulgulara ulaşılabileceği, çünkü yazınsal etkinliklerin dönemin politik kültürüne dair oluşturucu, yansıtıcı ve genel fikir verici bir işlev kazandığı düşünülmektedir. Dönemin yazınsal aktörleri tarafından benimsenen politik kimliklerin varolmakta olan politik ve sosyal sisteme karşı muhallif ve eleştirel bir içeriğe sahip olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Ülkede hakim olan dönemin kamusal entelektüel kimliğinin de edebiyat üzerinden incelenebileceği düşünülmektedir. 1960’dan 1970’lerin sonuna dek edebiyatçıların gazetecilerle ve akademisyenlerle beraber ülkelerinin sosyal hayatında düşünsel ve kamusal kimlikleri aracılığıyla önemli roller oynadıkları iddia edilmektedir. CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF THE AUTHOR: Hakkı Başgüney PLACE OF BIRTH: Bolu, Turkey DATE OF BIRTH: 9 February 1978 SCHOOLS ATTENDED: Galatsaray Highschool 1989 1997 Boğaziçi University Philosphy 1997 2004 Boğaziçi University Atatürk Institute Master 2005 2007 “Sinematek (Turkish Cinémathèque Association): Cinema and Political Debate in Turkey Between 1965-1980” AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Modern Turkish History, Intellectual History, History of Cinema, Sociology of Literature PUBLICATIONS: TÜRK SİNEMATEK DERNEĞİ (1965-1980) Türkiye’de Sinema ve Politik Tartışma, İstanbul : Libra Yayınları, 2010. “Börekçi”: A Peculiar and Symbolic Place for B.U. Students Journal of Historical Studies, Graduate Journal, Sayı 4, 2006 Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, The Ataturk Institute for ModernTurkish History “SİNEMATEK (Türk Sinematek Derneği): 1965-1980 Arasında Sinema ve Politik Tartışma,” In Serpil Kırel, Türkiye ve Dünya Sinemasında Sentezler, İstanbul : Parşömen Yayıncılık, 2010. vi CONFERENCES: « Vers une culture nationale pluraliste. Les années 1960 dans la vie intellectuelle turque ».Conference: « Formation et transmission des héritages culturels dans le monde turc et les pays successeurs de l’Empire ottoman » 14 and 15 February 2008 Strasbourg, France. « Regard social et regard culturel sur la question de la synthèse entre tradition et modernité en Turquie » Confererence: « La Turquie en Europe: Enjeux Politiques et Culturels » 5 February 2009, Strasbourg, France. « The Ottoman Empire in Turkish cinema and the Role of the Turkish Cinema in the Early Years of the Turkish Republic”.Conference: “Imperial Syncretism, Religious Nationalism and European Universalism in Central Europe, East Europe, Southeast Europe and Turkey” 12-13 February 2009, Freibourg, Germany. « La société turque entre l’enclume et le marteau : “peuple” et ”intellectuels” ».Conference: « Les mots ont un sens, Pérégrinations sémantiques à travers le lexique des recherches sur le monde turc » 21 january 2011, INALCO, Paris, France. « Représentations du monde du travail dans le cinéma turc et dans la littérature turque des années 1960-1980 ». International Conference, « Histoire Culturelle du Travail,» 3 and 5 July 2012, Lunéville, France. PRESENTATION: « Sanatın Politikleşmesi, Politikanın Sanata Artan İlgisi, 1970'ler Türkiyesi» [Politicization of Art, Increasing Political Interest in Art, 1970s Turkey]. « Duvar Resminden Korkuyorlar, Scared of Murals exhibition» Salt Cultural Center, 27 March 2013: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cz3KJ9g0W_Q ORGANISATION: Organisation of the « Days for documentaries about Turquie: Migration et Rencontre des cultures, Migration & Cultural Encounters » 26-27 April 2011, University of Strasbourg. Organisation of the « Conférence and Projection of Turkish films. Vivre la ville dans le Cinéma Turc, (To live the city in Turkish Cinema) 4-5 March, 2010. University of Strasbourg : http://turcologie.u-strasbg.fr/dets/index.php vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my special thanks to my thesis advisors, Paul Dumont and Zafer Toprak, whose lessons in my first and second years developed my theoretical and analytical skills. I owe very special thanks for their help, guidance, patience, and unmentionably great contributions. There is no doubt that without their help, it would be impossible for me to achieve this degree. My sejour in France, at Strasbourg was very contributive, convivial and rich experience for my studies. I am very thankful to Paul Dumont for this opportunity. He shared with me his own literary archive which constitutes the core of this study. I am also thankful to Ahmet Kuyaş, whose interventions, especially in the field of Turkish cultural history made this thesis more complete than its first copy. I am also grateful to Sanmim Akgönül, Didier Franfort and Arzu Öztürkmen for their advises and