1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE - 9293 bat in the European theater may not be sent the parade in honor of Admiral Nimitz, - Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from to the Pacific theater for occupational duties be printed in the RECORD for the infor­ New Hampshire [Mr. BRIJJGES], the Sen­ but that those men in service in the States with no overseas service be sent instead. mation of the Senate. ator from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER], and Submitted by Mrs. Ralph Stacy; to the Com- There being no objection, the letter -the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. mittee on Military Affairs. . was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ToBEY] are necessarily absent. 1219. By Mr. LANE: Memorial of Boston as follows: The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Chapter, No. 10, Department of Massachu­ WASHINGTON BOARD OF TRADE, BusHFIELD] and the Senator from Idaho setts, Disabled American Veterans; to the Washington, D. C., October 2, 1945. [Mr. THOMAS] are absent because of Committee on the Civil Service. Han. LESLIE BIFFLE, illness. 1220. Also, resolution of the Massachusetts Secretary of the Senate, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Public Utilities Commission; to the Com­ United States Senate, mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. '1-Vashington 25, D C. Eighty-one Senators having answered 1221. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Peti­ DEAR MR. BIFFLE: The Commissioners Of to their names, a quorum is present. tion of citizens of Brodhead, Wis., concern­ the District of Columbia and the citizens' DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT LAKES- ing payment and allowances to enlisted men committee . for the reception to Admiral ST. LAWRENCE BASIN-MESSAGE FROM of the Army o.f the United States for accrued Chester W. Nimitz have arranged for the THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 302) .furlough time; to the Committee on Mili­ public parade immediately following the tary Affairs. joint session of Congress on Friday, October The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ 1222. Also, petition of Seymour White, 5, to form -near the United States Capitol fore the Senate a message from the Pres­ West Geneva Etreet, Burlington, Wis., on sub­ Building and to pass alo:ag the east front ident of the Unitec.i States, which was ject of occupational forces in Europe and so that all Members of the Congress may read by 'the legislative clerk, referred to Asia: to the Committee on Military Affairs. have an opportunity to participate in this 1223. By Mr. WEISS: Petition sponsored colorful feature on the program. the Committee on Foreign Relations, and by Local 601, United Electrical, Radio, and We shall be grateful if you will share this order~d to be printed, as follows: Machine Workers of America, CIO, i·'l suppcrt information with the officers and Members of the Murray-Patman full employment bill, of the Senate. ' To the Congress of the United States·: with 'Signatures of approximately 3,000 in According to the tentative schedule, the As a part of our program of interna.:. East Pittsburgh, Pa., and vicinity; to the parade will begin as soon as Admiral Nimitz tiona! cooperation, expanding foreign Committee on Ways and Means. ' takes his place at the head of the procession, trade, and domestic progress in com­ · 1224. By the SPEAI~ER: Petition of the at approximately 1:10 p. m. merce and industry, I recommend the D~mocratic Committee of Mil\vaul{ee County, With appreciation of your unfailing inter­ Milwaukee, Wis:, petitioning consideration of est and cooperation, I am, speedy approval by the Congress of the their r€solution with reference to their en­ Sincerely yours, agreement of March 19, 1941, between dorsement of the Kilgore legislation, provid­ FLOYD D. AKERS, the United States and Canada for the ing employment compensation of $25 per GeneraL Chairma.n, development of the Great Lakes-St. Law­ week for 26 weeks; to the Committee on Ways Citizens' Committee for the Reception rence Basin. When approved, the two and Means. to Admiral Chester W. N i mitz. countries will be able to harness for the CALL OF THE ROLL public benefit one of the greatest natu­ ral resources of North America, opening SENATE Mr. BARK:(.EY. I suggest the ab~ence the Great Lakes to ocean navigation, and of a ·quorum. creating 2,200,000 horsepower of hydro­ EDNESOA Y, OCTOBER The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The electric capaci,ty to be divided equally W 3, 1945 clerk will call the rolL between the people of the United S~ates (L ~g ~s lative day ot Tuesday, October The Chief Clerk called the roll, and and Canada. 2, 1945) the following Senators answered to their names: The development, utilization, and con­ The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, servation of our natural resources are Aiken Hart Myers among those fields of endeavor where the · on the expiration of the recess . . Andrews HJ. tch · O'Daniel . The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Austin Hawkes O'Mahoney Government's responsibility has been Bailey Hayden . Overton well recognized for many generations. Harris, D. D._. offered the following Ball Hickenlooper Radcliffe During the war we were forced to sus­ prayer: Bankhead Hill Reed Barkley Hoey Revercomb pend many of the projects designed to · 0 God of law as well as of mercy, grop­ Bilbo Johnson, Colo. Robertson harness the waters of our great rivers for ing for light in this era shadowed by Briggs Johnston, S. C. Russell the promotion of commerce and industry Brooks Kilgore Saltonstall horror and for life in this dread day Buck Know:and ·Sh1pstead and for the production of cheap electric darkened by death, we but. reap the har­ Butler La Follette Smith power. We must now resume these vest our hands have sown. Open our Byrd Langer Stewart projects and embark upon others. ears as the long centuries toll the knell of Capper Lucas Taft The Congress and the people of our Capehart McCarran Thomas, Okla. systems that have had their day and Carvill:e McClellan Tunnell country can take just pride and satisfac­ ceased to be. Chavez . McFarland Tydings tion in the foresight they showed by 0 Thou before whose face nations wax Connally McKellar Vandenberg developing the Tenpessee ~nd Columbia Cordon McMahon Wagner and wane, Thou who wilt not be mocked, Donnell Magnuson Walsh Rivers and the rivers in the Central for tomorrow's weal make us to know Elle.nder May bank Wheeler Valley of California. Without the power and obey Thy will, that it may be done Ferguson Mead Wherry from these rivers the goal of 50,000 air­ Fulbright Millikin White on earth ·as it is in heaven. Amen. George Mitchell Wiley planes a year-considered fantastic only THE JOURNAL Gerry Moore Willis five short years ago, but actually sur­ Guffey Morse Wilson passed twice over-would have been im­ - On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by Gurney Murray Young possible. Nor could we have developed unanimous consent, the reading of the Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sen­ the atomic bomb as early as._ we did Journal of the proceedings of the cal­ ator from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND] without the large blocks of power we used endar day Tuesday, October 2, 1945, was and the Senator from Virginia [Mr. from the Tennessee and Columbia Rivers. dispensed with, and the Journal was GLASS] ·are absent because of illness. The timely development of these rivers approved. . The Senator ·frcim Kentucky [Mr. shortened the war by many years and MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT CHANDLER], the Senator from California saved countless American lives. We Messages in writing from the Presi­ [Mr. DowNEY], the Senator from Rhode must ever be grateful for the vision of dent of the United States were commu­ Island [Mr. GREEN], the Senator from the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one Utah [Mr. MuRDOCK], and the Senator and the wisdom of · Congress in urging of his secretaries. · from Idaho [Mr. TAYLOR] are detained and approving the harnessing of these on public business. priceless natural resources. PARADE IN HONOR OF ADMIRAL CHESTER The Senator from Florida [Mr. PEPPER] One of the great constructive projects W. NIMITZ is absent on official business-. ·of the North · American Continent, in Mr. BARKLEY. , Mr. President, I ask The ·senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS] fact, one of the great projects of the unanimous consent that a letter just re­ is absent as a delegate f-rom the United world, which was delayed by the exigen­ .ceived by Mr. Biffle, the Secretary of the States to the International Labor Con­ cies of war, is the st. Lawrence seaway Senate, relating to1,the arrangements for1 ference in Paris. and power_pro:!_ect. '9294 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 For 50 years the United States and to better living. We can encourage this By Mr. O'MAHONEY, from, the Committee Canada, under both Republican and trend by using the bounty of nature in on the Judiciary: S. J. Res. !}2. Joint resolution proposing an Democratic administrations, under lib­ the water power of ·our rivers. · ame:nd'ment to the Constitution of the United eral and conservative governments, have If we develop the water power of the States relative to voting qualifications; with­ envisioned the development of the proj~ St. Lawrence River, the United States out amendment (Rept. No. 614). . ect together, as a joint enterprise. share of that power will be available for By Mr. RUSS;ELL, from· the Committee on Upon the expectation that we would distribution within a radius of 300 miles. Immigration: join with them in completing this great This will include most of New York State H. R. 3466. . A bill to amend the Nationality engineering project, Canada has already and its neighbor States to the east. Pub­ Act of 1940 to- preserve the nationality of built mor'e than half its share of the lic and private agencies will be able to citizens residing abroad; without amendment pass on to the consumers in that area (Rept. No. 615). undertaking. By ~r. O'DANIEL, frolf the Committee, on We, however, ·still have our major con­ all the advantages of this cheap power. Claims: tribution to make. Under the leadership of Governor and S. 1017. A bill for the relief of Charlle B. Every engineering investigation during later 'President Roosevelt, the State of Rouse, Louette Rouse, and Rachel Rouse; the past 50 years, every economic study New York created the framework of a with an amendment (Rept. No. 620); in the past 25 yea1·s, has found the proj ~ · State power program. I' have always H. R. 85I. A b1ll for the relief of Oscar ·R. ect feasible and economically desiFable. been, and still am, in favor of that pro­ Steinert; with an amendment (Rept. No. The case has been proved; the plans are gram . . 619); Under it the power facilities are to H. R. 1393. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Laura ready. May Ryan; without amendment (Rept. No. The St. Lawrence seaway will make it be constructed by the Federal Go.vern­ ment and turned over by it to the State 616): possfble to utilize our war expanded fac~ H. R. 1565. A... bill for the relief of Inglis tories and shipping facilities in the de­ of New York. The terms of allocation Construction Co., a corporation; without velopment of international economic co­ of costs to the state of New York have am~ndment (Rept. No. 617); and been agreed upon in a memorandum of operation and enlarging world com~ H. R. 1889. A bill- for the relief of Anna merce. New and increasing opportuni~ agreement dated February 7, 1933, rec­ Mattil 'and others; without amendment (Rept. .ties for production and employment by ommended for execution by the United No. 618) ., ~ private enterprise can be expected from States Army Corps of Engineers and the Ey Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee on this cheap water transportation. Power Authority of the State of New Claims: York. This basis of allocation is fair S. 1081. A bill for the relief of Aftab Ali; It is the kind of useful construction and acceptable. , without amendment (Rept. No. 621); and which will furnish lucrative employment It has always been understood by the S. 1126. A bill for the relief of Alice A. ·to many thousands of our people. · responsible proponents of this develop­ Murphy; without amendment (Rept. No. 622). The completion of the seaway will ment that the water-power project REPORT ON DISPOSITION OF EXECUTIVE bring many benefits to our great neigh... should become the property of the State ' PAPERS I bor and ally on the north. The experi­ of New York, and that the electric power ence of two wars and of many years of Mr. BARKLEY, from the Joint Select should be developed and handled by the Committee on the .Disposition of Execu~ peace h9,S shoV~U beyond question that State. Thfl.t should continue to be- the · the prosperity and defense of Canada tive Papers, to which was referFed for · policy, and I recommend that it be so examination and recommendation a list and of the United States are closely declared by the Congress. llnk.ed together. of records transmitted to the Senate by Any agreement with the State of New the Archivist of the United States that By development of our natural-water­ York to this end must protect the in­ appeared to have no permanent value or power resources, we can look forward terests of the United States as well as historical interest, submitted a report with certainty to greater use of elect:t:icity the interests of neighboring States and thereon pursuant to law. in the home. in the factory, and on the will, of course. have to be submitted for farm. The national average annual con­ approval by the Congress before it can PERSONS EMPLOYED BY COMMITTEES sumption of electricity by domestic con­ become effective. WHO ARE NOT FULL-TIME SENATE OR COMMITTEE EMPLOYEES sumers has almost doubled in the past I urge upon the Congress speedy en~ 10 years. Even with that increase, the actment of legislation to accomplish ·The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ national average is only 65 percent as these objectives so that work may start fore the Senate reports for the month high as in the-Tennessee Valley, where on this great undel~taking at the earJiest of September 1945 from the chairmen of electric rates are lower. Increase in the possible time. certain committees, in response to Senate consumption of electricity will mean HARRY S. TRUMAN. Resolution 319 (78th CongJ, relating to more comforts on the farms and in city THE WHITE HOUSE, October 3, 1945, persons employed by committees who are homes. It will mean more jobs, more not full-time employees of the Senate or income, and a highe:r standard of living. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES any committee thereof, which were or~ We are only on the. threshold of an era The following reports of committees dered to lie on the table and to be pr~nted of electrified homes and mechanical aids were submitted: in the RECORD, as follows:

SENATE MILITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE, SUBCO:MMI'l"IEE ON WAR MOBILIZATION OCTOBER 2, 194:5. names of persons employed' b.y the committee terms of Senate ~esolution 319, agreed to To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen~ August 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the followin~ report showing the September 1945, in compliance with the

Annual rate Name of individual Address · Name and address of deiJartment or org_anization by whom paid of compen­ sation

Ann 8. Gertler_-____ .. ______372139th !lt. NW. :Washington, D. C •••••••• ______: ______Department of Interior, Washington, D. C------·········- 1 $2,980.00 Joan P. Karasik.. •• ______191919th St., Wasnington, D. C------·------Foreign Economic Administration, Washington, D. C ______4, 300.00 C. Theodore Larson ______3917 North 5th St., Arlington, Va ______;National Housing ~gency, Washington,, D. C------6, 230.00 Fritzie P. ManueL. ______1621 T St. NW., Washington, D. C------War Manpower Commission, Washington, D. C------5, 180.00 0 5, 180.00 ~~=1 £:1 :Kf~~~: ::..::..::..: ::::::::::::: ·¥:Jr~~am~ £.t.w ~W:~~~io~ ~:o: ·c ~ ::::::::::::::::.: ~=: -o.iii! n: n~ -a::..:::::::::::..::::: 2, 320.00 Elizabeth H. Oleksy------1620. Fuller St. NW., .washingtonl D. c______Wat: Productio? Board, Washing~on, D. c ______. 3,090.00 Mary Jane Oliveto______500 B St. NE., Washmgton, D. C------···-···-·-·- NatiOnal Housmg Agency, Washington, D. c ______: ______2t100. 00 Francis C. Rosenberger ______5814-64th.Ave., East Riverdale~ Md ______O:flicc of Price Administration, Washington, D. 0------·------5,180.00 Herbert SchimmeL·-----···-··--- 3604 Minnesota Ave. SE., Was_nington, D. C----·-·------War _P.roduction. .Board, .'~ashfi?.gtol! _D. 9------' 9,012. 50 Marjorie J. Tillis...... 211 Delaware Ave. SW., Washmgton, D. C.------······- Formgn Economic AdmiDlstratlon, vv1 ashi.ngton, D. C ______3, 640.00

H. M. KILGORE, Chairman. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9295 COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAmS SEPTEMBER 30, 1945. names of persons employed by the committee terms of Senate Resolution 319, agreed to To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen­ August 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the following report showing the September 1945, in compliance with the

Annual fate Name of individual Address N arne and ad cress of departn:ent or organization by whom paid of compen­ sation

Capt. James A. Saunders, U. S. 4105 Oliver St., Chevy Chase, Md ••••••••••..•.•••...•.•. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Navy Department, $6,000 Navy (retired). Washington, D. C. Chief Yeoman Herbert S. Atkin- ~405 Pennin_~:ton Rd., Trenton, N. ]. ______..•.. do .. ------~---~------1, 588 8on (A. A.), U. S. Naval Re­ . serve.

DAVID I. WALSH, Chairman. SENATE NAVY LIAISON OFFICE, ROOM 461, SENATE OFFICE BUILDING SEPI'El\;BER ·30, 1945. names of persons employed by the committee terms of Senate Resolution 319, agreed to To the Senate: who are not fuJI-time employees of the Sen- August 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the following report showing th~ September 1945, in compliance with the ·

Annual rate Name of indivicua. Address Name and r.cdress of department or organization by whom paid of compen­ sation ------1---- Lieut. Frederick A. Mclaughlin. 317 Lynn Drive, Chevy Cba8e, Md.•••. ------Bureau o(Nava!Personnci.Navy Department, Washington, D. C. $2,400 U.S. Naval Rr£erve. oo Lieut. Jo~er,h G. Feen~y, U. S. 2745 2£tb St. NW., Wasbinbton, D. C •••••.••••••.•.•.•••. ·..••. do •• ·------·------··------·------2, 4 y~~~ ~;~Jft::nor W. St. Clair, 2124 R St. NW ., Washington, D. C .•.•••••.•••••..••••••...•.. do .• ------··· 1,152 8 Y~ir ~ ~;~o~:r-;;v;: J ochman, ----·do .. __ ------..•.• do .• ------1, 152 U.S. Naval Reserve .

The above• employees are repres.entatives of the Bureau of Naval Pers:mnel, Navy Department, to assist Senators on naval personnel matters. DAVID 1. WALSH. BILLS .... Al\TD JOINT RESOLUTION (Mr. HATCH (by request) introduced Sen­ Just a few days ago the Senate passed the INTRODUCED ate bills 1460 and 1461, which were referred Lucas employment service amendment to to the Committee on Public Lands and Sur­ the Kilgore unemployment .insurance bill. •Bills and a joint resolution were intro­ veys, and appear under separate headings.) This amendment provided for the return of duced, read the first time, and, by unani­ By Mr. BARKLEY: the United States Employment Service to mous consent, the second time, and re­ S. 1462. A bill to provide for water-pollu· the States 90 days after enactm'ent. How­ ferred as follows: ' tion-control activities in the United States ever, the House Ways and Means Committee Public Health Service, and for other pur­ indefinitely postponed consideration of the By Mr. McCARRAN: poses; to the Committee on Commerce. entire bill. Prior thereto a rider was at­ S.1451. A bill to regulate the review of (Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado introduced tached in the Senate to the appropriation of judgments of conviction in certain criminal Senate bill 1463, which was ordered to lie on the War Manpower Commiss!on providing: cases; the table, and appears under a separate "That the employment service facilities s. 1452. A bill to regulate habeas corpus­ property and personnel loaned by the States I heading.) proceedings in the courts of the United (Mr. MAYBANK introduced Senate Joint to the United States Employment Service States; and Resolution 105, which was -referred to the shall be returned to the States not later s. 1453. A bill ·to amend an act entitled Committee on Commerce, and appears un­ than 3 months after the termination of hos­ "An act to establish a uniform system of der a separate heading.) tilities in the war with Japan as determined bankruptcy throughout the United States," by Presidential proclamati.on or by_ concur­ approved July 1, 1898, and acts amendatory NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EMPLOYMENT rent resolution of Congress." thereof and supplementary thereto; to the OFFICES · Neither of these amendments provided for Committee on the Judiciary. lY.Ir. MURRAY. Mr. President, on be­ dealing with certain major problems and By Mr. CORDON: questions of policy that exist. S. 1454. A bill to amend the act entitle<;~ half of the Senator from New York [Mr. The existing legislation relating to the "An act to expedite the provision of housing WAGNER], the Senator from Connecticut United States Employment Service, known as in connection with national defense, and [Mr. McMAHON], and myself, I ask unan­ the Wagner-Peyser Act, provides for the for other purposes," approved October 14, imous consent to introduce for appro­ States matching certain Federal funds for 1940, as amended; to the Committee on Edu­ priate reference a bill to pro'Vide a na­ the employment service ' as a condition for cation and Labor. tional system of employment offices. I State operation of employment service fa­ By Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina: cilities as a part of the United States Em­ S. 1455. A bill to amend the Internal Rev· also ask that a statement in connection with the bill may be printed in the REc­ ployment Service. During the war most enue Code so as to exempt from taxation all State legislatures did not appropriate the amounts received by members of the armed ORD and appropriately referred. necessary State funds to match Federal forces as compensation for military or naval The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ funds, nor has the Congress appropriated service performed during World War II; to out objection, the bill and statement Federal funds to match State funds. In the Committee on Finance. will be received and appropriately re­ other words, Congress has provided no spe­ (Mr. MURRAY (for himself, Mr. WAGNER, ferred, and the statement will be printed cific method of financing the United States and Mr. McMAHON) introduced Senate bill Employment Service if operated by the 1456, which was referred to the Committee on in the RECORD. The bill (S. 1456) to provide a national States. For this reason additional changes Education and Labor, and appears under a in existing Federal legislation are necessary. separate heading.) system of employment offices, was read Moreover, it is over 12 years since the Con­ By Mr. WHEELER: twice by 1ts title and referred to the Com­ gress considered the basic legislation creating S. 1457. A bill authorizing the Secretary mittee on Education and Labor. the United States Employment Service. of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to The statement presented by Mr. MuR­ During the war we have gained a great deal Theodore Manning; to the Committee- on RAY, for himself, Mr. WAGNER, and Mr. of experience in the operation of public em­ Indian Affairs. McMAHON, was referred to the Commit­ ployment services which probably requires (Mr. MORSE (for himself and Mr. MEAD) .tee on Education and Labor and ordered changes in the basic legislation to make cer­ introduced Senate bill 1458, which was re· tain that the re.sults of that experience are ferred to the Committee on Commerce, and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: utilized. The large-scale interstate migra­ appears under a separate heading.) Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I have just in­ tion which has occurred during the war also By Mr. HATCH (for himself and Mr. troduced. jointly with the distinguished necessitates strengthening the basic legisla­ O'MAHONEY) : chairman of the Banking and Currency Com­ tion to meet more adequately the needs of s. 1459. A bill to provide for the extension mittee [Mr. WAGNER] and the Senator from employers and workers. of certain oil and gas leases; to the Com­ Connecticut [Mr. McMAHON] the United Another development of recent years is mittee on Public Lands and Surveys. States Employment Sei"vice Act of 1945. that ~eparate employment service nctivities . ' '

9296 ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORI)-SENATE OCTOBER 3 have been established for veterans, railroad was changed from Asastant Attmney Gen- A mere glance at a list of the functions of employees, and farm- workers-each under -eral to Solicitor for the Department of the. Department of the Interior under exist­ separate Federal agencies. This matter the Interior, but without affecting other­ ing raws would describe tlle situation about should be reviewed to ascertain how they wise. its status In the Department of Justice. as well .as any len~thy description could do, should function with respect to ea:::h other. During this period the Solicitor. like. the . for thei comprise activities which are scat­ In particular, there has been a great deal of Assistant Attorney General, exercised his tered over half the globe from the Pribilof complaint about the difficulty of obtaining functions under the supervision and control Islands of the Bering Sea to the Virgin farm help through these various employment of the Attorney General, and his salary was Islands 1,500 miles off the coast of Florida, services. specifically provided for each year in the ap­ and which are to be found in virtually every section of the continental United States and HE~RINGS TO BE HELD propriations for the Department of Justice. Beginning in 1926, however, the customary its possessions. Such a list would include . All these matters need careful investiga­ the regula.tf{}n and management of the vast tw,n. .I am, therefore, arranging to hold item for. the sal:!try of the Solicitor was omitted from the Department of Justice- al?­ resources of the public domain, as adminis­ hearings on this. entire matter with a '9iew tered oy the General Land Office, the Grazing to reporting out a bill as soon as possible. propriations, and provision was made for the compensation of a chief law officer out of the Service, the National Park Service, tl).e Fish An opportunity will be given to all interested and Wilallfe Service,. the Geological Survey, Federal and State agencies, and interested gross s.um for legal services. included in the. Department of the Interior appropriations and the Bureau of Mines; the production of pub~ic- and private organizations and in­ under the description of Personal services vital raw materials such as helium gas; the dividuals to testify before the committee so· wartime. coordination of the solid-fuels re­ tha.t a constructive and satisfactory solution in the. Oflice of the Solicitor. This practice has, been continued. in the annual approprta­ sources of the Nation; the administration of can be found. In the meantime I trust that the Mig;atory Bird Treaty Act; the provi..tion the Congress will ·postpone actio'n on any ~on acts for eacll succeeding year. The ac­ tlOn so taken b.y the Co...'lgress was in accord of comprehensive fisheries services; the prob­ amendment until the Education and Labor lems o! Government in the territories and Committee ha:s had an opportunity to act. w :..th the policy of decentralizing the re­ sponsibility for the performance of legal island possessions; the duties and responsi­ bilities of the Office of Indian Affairs in con­ DESIGNATION AS. OFFICERS OF CHIEF · services. in the executive ~departments--~ policy evidenced by a whole series of meas­ nection with segment upon segment of In­ RADI~TELEGRAPH OPERATO~ l ETC. dian llfe; the vast engineering projects under ures taken at about the same. time for the. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on behalf purpose of transferring legal officers f:rom the supervision of the Bureau ofReciamati.on, of the Senator from New York [Mr. the Department of Justice to. the establish.;. mal'l.y of which pose. n.()veli and unique prob­ MEAD] and myself, I ask unanimous con­ lems ~ the highly intricate field of water ments served by_them. law, or involve the drafting and interpreta­ sent to introduce for appropriate refer­ The effect of the elimination of the tion of <:ontracts tor sums measured in mil· ence a ·bill to amend the definition of speeifie. appropriation for a Soltcitor in the lions; the marketing. of hydroelectric power vessels of the. United States and officers . Department qf Jus,tice for the Department from the wodSition of Solicitor There a:re five attbl:neys under him who are have . been made- by the Secre-tary of the Iri­ DEPARTMENT in the same grade and. salary range. A num- teripr. Moreover. as the post:t.lon 1s not one - ber of chief law officers in other establish­ Mr. HATCH'. ME. President, by re­ for which a. specific- salary 1s prescribed by quest, I ask unanimous consent to intro• law, the rate of pay must be fixed under the ments of the Government ane behig patd sal­ arles In excess oi the Classification .Aet ma~l­ provisio:ns of the qa~s.ificati<~n Act. of 1923, duce for appropriate reference a bill to mum pursuant to special legislativ-e a.uthort­ which restl'ict administrative action fn fix· fix the salary of the Solicitor of the De­ zatfon. Upon a ·comparative basis. a salary ing salaries to a basic rate of $3,750 to t\9<.800 partment of the Interior, and request . of $1.0",000 f.or the Solicitor of this Depart­ for employees in tlle bighes~ classification that a letter from the Secretary of the bracket. ment appeal!S' amply jus:ti:fi.ed.. In an~ event, Interior requesting the legislation be In the light of the heavy- responsibilities ·r belie.ve that the publf.e significance of the printed in tbe REcoRD~ laid up_on the Solicitor, as well as of the fore.: work· of: the: Department pmvides ita own The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ going histocy-, it would appear to be desirable justification -for re.m.tm.exa.tion commel!lSura.te that hfs compensation be increased to the with the type and cali'bel' o1! lawyer that the out objection, the bm introduced by the job demands~ · Senator from New Mexico will be received sum of $10,000 per annum. Tbe position. of Sollcftor fs one of key importance 'fn the De­ The Bureau of 1lhe' Budget has advised me and referred as requested, and the Jetter pa7tment, and! demands legal attainments of that there ts no obJection ta the presentation Will be Printed in the RECORD.· , the highest order fiom lis i:ncumbent. Over . of t'trls propooea legis!ation to the Congress. The bill (8. 14.!>0> to ·fix the. salary of a period ot'many years the duties at the posi­ Sfncer~ly yours, the Solicitor of the Department of the tion· have. consistent!~ ten.ded to increase m ' HAROLD J!,, ICKES, Interior, was read twice by itS title and volume. c.ompiEXit] and vadety as the Con­ f!ecretarg of the Irrter:ior. referred to the Committee on · Public gress from frime to time has imposed new ft:ncttons upon the Department or estab­ LEASE OF CER.TAlN: PlJBMC LANDS IN Lands and Surveys. lished more exacting- standard's for the ad'­ ALASKA The letter presented by Mr. HAT.CH is ministratton of old tasks. Only t"brough ac­ as follows: · . Mr. HATCH. Mr. President by re­ tion by tbe Congress can the. salary of the quest, I ask unanimous consent to in­ THE Sl:cRETARY OF' THJ!l lNT!:Rroa Solicitor now be m~de commensurate with the bu~dens and responsibilities of. his pesl­ boduce for appropriate reference a bill Wa.sh.ington-, D. fJ'., A.ugus.t 8-, '1945. of Hon. KENNETH McKELLAH, t1on. to authorize the Secretary the Interior ' President of the Senate Because of the highly diversified range of to lease certam public lands in Alaska activities entrusted to the Department of the ltrY DEAR SENATOR MCKELLAR!' ·and request that a letter from the Acting Enclosed fs Interfor. the duties of the So:Eicitor extend the draft of a proposed bHl' "To fix the salary ·into alm(!)st every bra:nch of law and almost Secretar_y of the Interior teques.ting the of the Solicitor of the Department ot the every type of legal practice. In this .respect legislation be printed in the RECORD. Interior." I request that this draft be re­ his tasks are unlike t:b10se of the chief law The PRESIDENT pro tempore With­ ferred to the appropriate committee, and . officers of. most. o·ther orga:nizations.--public out objection, the bill.mtroduced by the re~mm.end fts enactment. o.r. private--whose actiYitiea us.ually tend to Senator from New Mexico will be received · The purpose of the propos:ed bfil fs to pro­ be confined . within a field of relatively vide that the salary of the Solicitor of the limited scope. Jus.t one phase of his re­ _and ~pproprtately referred., and the let­ Department of th1' Interf.or shall be fixed by sponsibilities is: the handling of" administra­ ter will be pxirttedin the REcoRD. law at $10,000, Instead of being det"ermined tive or court proceedings affectililg the :public The bill <.S. 1461} to authorize the Sec:­ by administrative action und.er the. Classl­ lands or ather propriet;ary 1ntere~ts o! the .retaryr of the. Interior to lease c:ertain :flcation Act of 1923. Gove:mment-proceedings which present public lands in Alaska, was· read twice by • The chief law officer for the Department of highly specialized legal prol:tle~~ that fre­ the Interior was for many years an Assistant quently involve properties.of large value, and ·its title and referred to the Committee Attorney General, appointed by the Presi• wher.e the opposing parties. are, mo.re often ·on Public Lands and. Surveys. dent, by and with the advice and consent of than not, represented by counsel of the The lette;r presented by_Mr: ·HATCH is the Senate. In 1914, the title of the position highest degree of expertnes's. as follows: , 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9297 THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, ARMY READY TO START MANY RIVERS, HARBORS for using public works as a stabilizer in Washington 25, D. C. PROJECTS construction. I now desire to briefly ex­ Hon. KENNETH McKEL:E.AR, . ·wAsHINGTON, September 30.-Army engi­ plain the measure. It is proposed to aid PPesident ot the Senate. neers are ready to start work _this fall on in the stabilization of construction by the. MY DEAR SENATOR McKELLAR: There is en­ rivers and harbors flood-control projects closed a draft of a bill which, if enacted, whose estimated cost is $900,615,500, the War advance planning of public works and by would authorize the Secretary of the Iil­ Department announced today. • timing of public construction so as to terior to lease, or grant revocable permits for; .· By late spring ·of 1946 the engineers 1will m~nimize the seasonal and long-term any public lands in Alaska in tracts not to be ready with additional projects of the same fluctuations in the total volume of new exceed 160 acres, any part of which is now type, estimatect to cost $593,054,965. . construction, maintenance, and repair or hereafter included in shore space reser­ All of the projects have been authonzed work in the United States. vations under the act of May 14, 1898, as by Congress and worlt will begin when the amended ·(30 Stat. 409, 413, 48 U. S. C. sees. necessarv funds are appropriated. The bill will be effective in securing 'a 371, 462). I request that the draft of bill be-· · Of the projects which can be started this steady expansion of construction activity · referred to the appropriate committee for fall, flood control accounts for $833,53S,200 and in maintaining a high level of em­ consideration, and recommend its enact- and rivers and h arbors will require $67,077,- ployment in our most important non­ ment. • 300. Projects which can be ready in late agricultural industry. This industry can Under the provisions of sections 1 and 10 of spring include flood-control work amounting. contribute a major share of employment the e.ct of :May 14, 1898, supra, there were to to $143,383,800 and rivers and harbors work . in line with the recent action of this be reserved at least 80 rods. of sh,ore space estimated t6 cost $450,571,165. body. However, the goals sought by the between each claim, entry, or location along_ Projects, the Department said, hl'!-Ve been the shore of Any navigable waters in Alaska. selected on the grounds of urgent need, readi­ legislation are vital to the economy by Since this tended to hinder the proper de­ ness for starting operations, and for geo­ and of themselves. velopment of the wa.terfront, the act of June graphical reasons. The bill does not contemplate the use 6, 1926 ( 41 stat. 1059, 48 U. S. C. sec: 372), · Before any work is started, requests for of construction to stabilize . the total authorized the Secretary of the Interwr, m funds are submitted to the Bureau · of the economy nor even to stabilize construc­ his discretion to restore to entry and dispo­ l3udget, which, in turn, transmits them to tion as a whole. Stability, moreover, does sition such re~erved shore spaces as he might Congress thrpugh the President. determine were not necessary for harborage At the present time the engineer deficiency not mean fixing a level of activity and uses and purposes. . . . estimates are in the hands of the Budget holding to it. It is expected that if this The main objective of the proposed b11l, ' Bureau and will be subm1tted to Congress bill becomes law the violent ·fluctuations which would not repeal the above-cited stat­ soon, the War Department said. The annu~l in the volume of construction can pe re­ utes, is to grant additional authority to this request of the engineers for 1946 projects Wlll duced. It is ·expected also that the dan­ Department with respect to the management reach Congress early in January. ger of overbuilding at the top of a boom and use of the shore lands in Alaska. This Of the projects which w111 be ready this additional authority would permit the better will be greatly lessened by disseminating fall, many have had some work done on them information on trends in the volume of utilization of such lan9,s_with a view to the and the figures shown are the amounts esti­ present as well as the future needs of 'Alaska. mated to be necessary for their completion. construction and on the factors which Provisions conld thus be made for the space The new projects which wlll be ready next govern the capacity of the market to needed for business, comm~rcial, or other spring show the entire estimated cost. absorb new construction. This will help a.0 working in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ defense agency and approved by the Presi­ the mines, forests, mills, and factories out.' objection, the joint resolution· in­ dent as being necessary or desirable in t e producing the things with which build­ troduced by the Senator from South interest of the national defense and security, carolina_will be received and referred as and the President has notified the Congress ings are constructed. Indeed, construc­ requested. 'to that effect. tion is an essential and indispensable in­ ·gredient of national prosperity. Inac­ The joint resolution

9298 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN~ TE 0CTOBE_R 3 Bureau of the Budget; two members rep­ public works already authorized or to rice R. Franks, published in the Saptember resenting States; two members repre­ defer starting authorized but postponable 1945, issue of the Railroad Workers Journal, senting municipalities; and two members public works when such action is re­ which appears in the Appendix.] · · representing other political subdivisions. quired to prevent unemployment or to RECONVERSION PROBLEMS-ARTICLES BY The bill also establishes a Construc­ prevent competition with private enter­ W. S. WOYTINSKY tion Industry Advisory Committee, which prise for available labor and materials. [Mr. MURRAY asked and obtained leave to performs a liaison function between the If the Construction Policy Board rec­ have printed in the RECORD four articles by Construction Policy Board, the Public ommends acceleration of construction, W. S. Woytinsky, on the general subject of Works Stabilization Committee, and pri­ the President must still request the Con­ reconversion, published in the Washingt on vate enterprise. This advisory commit­ gress to authorize the projects and to Post of August 23 and 3Q, and _September 6 tee represents a complete cross section appropriate the funds needed for the and 13, 1945, which appears in the Appendix.] of the construction industry and includes work. Any program for acceleration of ST. LAWREjNCE SEAWAY PROJECT- representatives of labor, builders and public-works construction recommended ARTICLE IN PATERSON (N. J.) CALL contractors, architects and engineers, by the Public Works Stabilization Com,­ [Mr. AIKEN asked and obt a.ined leave to manufacturers ~md distributors of ma­ mittee is subject to modification by the have printed in the RECORD an article relat­ terial, and other small business, and of President and by the Congress. None ing to the St. Lawrence seaway project, pub­ the public interest. of the . powers of Congress are abridged lished in the Paterson (N. J .) Call of Sep­ The chairmen of these two committees by this proposed act. No work can be tember 4, 1945, which appears in the Ap­ sit with the Construction Policy Board undertaken without congressional au­ pendix.) giving the Board the benefit of informa­ thorization and f!,ppropriation. Further, MSGR. JOHN A. RYAN tion acquired by' close contact with the no program authorized by Congress can Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, on the field of public works and with the field be arbitrarily set aside. The Federal­ occasion of the death of the late beloved of private enterprise. aid highway program, for example, or Msgr. John A. Ryan, the Presiden.t of the I wish to emphasize the fact that the the new Federal-aid airport program, United States, many Members of the Construction Policy Board is not an ad­ could not be halted or reduced by the Congress, representatives of the daily ministrative agency. It will make no de­ President. Only Congress could take press, and many distinguished citizens. cisions affecting any particular project. such action, and there will be, as I see it; throughout the Nation expressed their It will not collect source. information or little need for so acting. The job ahead deep sorrow and paid eloquent tribute conduct research or indulge in publicity. is to increase construction activity, aim­ to this great scholar and social thinker The Board will use the- facilities of ap­ ing at ever-higher levels consistent with who had iabored so long and so success­ propriate, established agencies. When the growth and needs of our country. fully for the improvement of the social information on construction is required One important feature of this bill must conditions of our country. it will be secured from such agencies as be emphasized. Regimentation is not On September 19 the Most Reverend the Department of Commerce, the Fed­ our goal.· The Federal Government is Francis J. Haas, D. D., bishop of Grand eral Works Agency, and the Bureau of not given authority to ride herd over Rapids, Mich., at the funeral mass for Labor Statistics. The Board's findings State ·and local governments nor to com­ Monsignor-Ryan.held in St. Paul's Cathe­ and recommendations will be announced pel private enterprise to conform to any dral, St. Paul, Minn., delivered a funeral through the ExecuJiive Q:ffice of the bureaucratic program. We seek to es­ sermon which every Member of Congres3 President. . tablish. a lasting framework. for the ef­ should read. It was indeed a fitting tr:b­ The .Board's primary responsibility is fective and voluntary coo,Peration- of in­ ute to this priest who will be recognized to advise the President and the Congress dustry, labor, and government. in history as one of the great Catholic when it will be desirable to increase or This bill, 'for the first time, provides social thinkers of all times. decrease the volume of construction ac­ machinery for fostering close coopera­ Monsignor Ryan by his teachings tivity. The accomplishment of this will tion between the construction industry greatly influenced my views on S{)Cial involve increasing or decreasing the rate and government. Only through such problems. I have come to accept gen­ at which contracts for public works are cooperation can private enterprise be erally the ideas and proposals which he awarded. It does not mean that Work enabled to provide the bulk of employ­ so courageously and convincingly advo­ already under contract will be inter­ ment in construction. The more private cated during his ·active and useful life. rupted, slowed down, or speeded up. enterprise does, the less the Government His ideas ·on social security, minimum We need not be concerned with any will have to do to avert the possibility of wages, labor-management relations, the possible repercussions from the ~lowing widespread unemployment. Construc­ position of the Government in our econ­ down of public construction. The strong tion workers must not return from serv­ omy, and like questions have come to be probability is that we may be unable to ice with the armed forces to a WPA be­ recognized as sound social philosophy by expand construction. activity rapidly cause we at home failed to plan ade­ all thoughtful students in America. ' enough to provide employment as fast as quately for tomorrow. Dr. Ryan, if he were alive today, would it is needed in the next few years. And; THE SERVICE CLUB-ITS ffiSTORY, OBLI­ be very happy and grateful that this dis­ the total volume of new construction GATION, AND RESPONSIBILITY-AD­ tinguished body saw the need and de­ which will be required to satisfy the DRESS BY GEORGE E. STRINGFELLOW sirability .of passing the full-employment needs of our national economy, as we now [Mr. SALTONSTALL asked and obtained bill, as it did last Friday. see those needs for some years ahead, leave to ha.ve printed in the RECORD an ad­ Over 14 years ago, in 1931, in an article will have to reach the. unprecedented dzess entitled "The Service Club-Its His­ which was reprinted later in a volume total of more than $15,000,000,000 an­ tory, Its Obligation, Its Responsibility," de­ of his entitled "Seven Troubled Years," nually. livered by George'E. Stringfellow, .vice presi­ Dr. Ryan discussed what we have fre­ The bill also provides for advance plan­ dent, Thomas A. Edison, Inc., before the Ki­ quently referz:ed to as the soul of the full­ ning of Federal and local public works. wanis Club of Camden, N.J., September 14, employment·bill, the right to work, over The advance planning of local public 1945, and two editorials relating to the address, which appear in the Appendix.] which so much debate and discussion works is to be encouraged so that there took place last week and during the com­ will be at all times a shelf progr~m of ­ THE LONDON CONFERENCE OF FOREIGN mittee hearings on the f-qll-employment useful non-Federal public works amount­ . MINISTERS-ARTICLE BY CONSTANTINE bill. At that time he said: ing to not less than $5,000,000,000. To in­ ~~N • . One frequently hears the assertion that sure advance planning of this shelf pro­ [Mr. LANGER asked and obtained leave to the laborer has a right to work;: in the sense­ gr~m of non-Federal public works, the have printed in the RECORIJ an article by Con­ that he has a right to a job. Obviously bill provides for a $150,000,000 revolving stantine Btown dealing with the London a man does not possess such a right against fund which may be used to make non­ Confel'ence of Foreign Ministers, published in employers in general, nor even against- his interest-bearing loans or ·advances to the Washington Evening Star of September present or former employer if it cannot be State and local governments to defray the 30, 1945, which appears in the Appendix.] realized without monetary loss. As stated cost, or a part of the cost, of advance WINNING THE PEACE-EDITORIAL BY above an employee has a right in disttibutive . MAURICE R. FRANKS. . justice, because of the employer's social func­ planning. tion, to be .continued in his· present employ­ The bill gives the President authority [Mr. MORSE asked and obtained leave to ment so long as this does not involve loss to direct Federal construction agencies have printed in the· RECO!lD an €ditorial en­ to the -employer. When any· considerable to accelerate the prosecution of Federal titled "We Can Win the Peaca, Too," by 1\lau- number of workingm en are unable to find 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9299 employment the duty of supplying it devolves John Ireland in 1898. Then came 4 years known to all the world. Without exaggera­ upon the state. The argument for this of gr~duate study at the Catholic University tion, one can say that llls social program is proposition may be summarily stated ln the of America, Washington, D. C., followed by now the property of the American peopfe, following terms: "Laborers have a rlght to 13 years as professor of Iiloral theology at and even of some abroad, and that men are obtain a livelihood from the oommon bounty St. Paul Seminary, and, still later, by 24 beginning to recognize its measured wisdom of the earth on reasonable conditions; in the years as professor at the Catholic University, and even to live by it. - present system this right can be realized only · during which time, from 1919, he was director li through employment; the state is obliged to of the social action department of the Na­ protect the rights and make adequate pro­ tional Catholic Welfare Department until So much for his life. What was the source vision for the needs of every class; therefore, the time of his death. cl his strength? What was the secret of his the principles of distributive justice obUge Of his 24 years at the Catholic University, life's work? it to furnish jobs to the jobless." the late rector of the university, Bishop 'Ihose who knew John Ryan will answer Joseph M : Corrigan; declared at the dinner that the source of his strength was Almighty I hope that Bishop Haas' eulogy of attended by some 600 persons at the Willard God Himself. Upon the great truths of di­ Monsignor Ryan may cause Members of Hotel, Washington, D. C., on the occasion of vine revelation he exercised his splendtd ' Congi-ess, who have not· already done so,, Monsignor Ryan's seventieth birthday, May mind, and from them drew all his reasoned to study his writings on the many sub­ 25, 1939, "It would be difficult indeed 'to applications to everyday life. He was to<> - jects with which we are so concerned vision the Catholic University in the past clear-eyed not to see that man's relation to quarter Qf a century without the pioneering his Creator is far more imnortant than man's today. work and untiring ability of Father John relation to his fellow men, and that unless ·Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Ryan." (Ryan, Social Doctrine in Action-, the .first relation is right the second cannot sent that the sermon of Bishop Haas be Harpers, 1940, p . .279). · . be. With equal vision, he saw that by help­ printed in the RECORD at this point in T~is statement, however generous, should ing to bring the second nearer to what God connection with my remarks. , have been made very much stronger than it intended, he was helping to bring the first · There being no objection, the sermDn was. In my observation, lt was through to fuller reality. Father Ryan more than through any other In May 1891, when John Ryan was 22 was ordered to be printed in the RECORD~ individual, that the catholic University dur­ years of age, the great Leo Xlll issued hiS as follows: ing its first 50 years came to be known and epoch-making encyclical on the condition of "The law of truth was In his mouth, and recognized, here and abroad, as an institu­ workers. In the following month the Re­ iniquity was not faun~ in his lips: he walked tion of courageous scholarship and of serv­ view of Reviews carried a 7,000-word com­ with me in peace, and in equity, and turned ice to humanity. mentary on the encyclical, praising it lavish­ many away from iniquity" (Malachi, 2: 6}. But he spoke not only in the lecture room. ly and bailing it as "the book of the month." It is with deep sorrow and yet with a sem:e · He spoke through the printed page, and· The reviewer, however, sounded a note of of privilege that we asslst at the solemn literally to the whole clviUzed world. Be­ warning: "The encyclical opens a door · obsequie~ of one of the few great men of our ginning with the first edition of his Living through which we may see a great vista of generation-John Augustine Ryan. You, Wage, in 1906, down to his last work, The social transformation. The Pope bas taken Your Excellency, the Most Reverend Arch­ , Norm of, Morality, which appeared dnly a the first step. He has put his band to the bishop of St. Paul, and you 'his clergy, have few mo:ztths ago, he managed to publish a plough. • • • Everything will depend lost a distinguished priest. You, his very small library of some dozen volumes, ln upon how the lead, taken in the encyclical, reverend brother, you his sisters in religion, addition to hundreds Qf pamphlets, and ar­ is followed up" (p. 89) . and you hls other surviving brothers and ticles i:O encyclopedias, and in journals, re­ That was a challenge and, almOst alone in sisters have lost a loving brother. To you ligious and secular, here and in foreign coun- our country, the young Ryan toolt it up. our hearts go out in profoundest sympathy. tries. · In the encyclical he read a· principle to which And yet your loss, 11 1 may say it, does Moreover there was hardly any majOT moral he clung to the last, and in it be observed not begin to measure the loss today. The question of contemporary life into which a method, from which, scientist that he was, late Msgr. William J. Kerby once re­ Monsignor Ryan did not inquire, and upon he never <;leviated. ·marked: "The Catholic Church in the United which he did not pass judgment. I mention The principle was tl1is: · The Catholic States should !all on its knees and thank only some of them: Wages and hours, farm Church has jurisdiction over economic mat­ Almighty God for John Ryan." And when prices, monopoly, price fixing; interest tak-­ ters in everything touching men's lives, we recall the vast s-ervicss that Monsignor ing, housing, divorce, birth prevention, popu­ technical and mechanical activities only ex­ Ryan rendered to the American people~to lation problems, human sterilization, chureh cepted. Leo had declared unequivocally: the poor ln enabling them to acquire some and state, and the ethical foundations o! in­ "Confidenter ad argumentum aggredimur ac little property, and to the rich in assuring ternational life. plane iure nostro. (We approach the subject them that the right to honestly won property Pioneer, he was, in the sense that he dared with confidence. and surely by our right)" is sacred and Inviolable--our entire Nation to have opin1ons on subjects which, au too (par. 24). should offer a prayer of thanksgiving to frequently, the less courageous shrunk back But it was abundantly clear to the young heaven that John ·Ryan lived and worked. from having. Pioneer, he was not in the · Ryan that this principle rest s on a much There can be little question that future sense that he strove for novelty. On the deeper one: that the Holy Father, as head history will support this judgment. contrary, his sole· 2-lm was to call men baclt of the Church, speaks for, and in the name V~t me say something first of Monsignor to the ancient truths delivered by the Master of, and with the same authority as, Jesus Ryan's lite, then of the secret of his life's of His Church. Christ. As to this latter principle, John work, and of the man himself. .Although 1 It would be interesting to review the ex­ Ryan never entertained tbe slightest ques­ speak as one of his former students, I .shall tent to which Monsignor Ryan's teachings tion. It was the basis and groundwork of all endeavor to keep myself free from any bias have been put into operation in our country. his doctrine. To him, it was the · church that may arise out of my filial regard and Time will permit me to refer to only one. and the church alone to which Christ, speak­ affection for him. In 1910, he n:ade two addresses, one in March ing to Peter, had given His own divine pow­ in Milwaukee, and the other in May in St. ers: "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I I Louis, in which he advocated the establish­ will build my Church, and the gates of hell The facts of his life are well known and ment of a minimum wage by Ia:w. Prior to shall not prevail against it" (Matthew 16: 18); call for- no detailed recital. They can be that year, there is no reoord of any public "As the Father has sent me, I also send you" summarized briefly, although, in a career . statement by any person of st2n~ng in sup- {John 20: 21); and to which He had given as full as h is, it is not easy to separate what port of a legal minimum wage. · His comforting assurance of protection from is important from what is not: He was oorn How much his addresses in 1910, together enor, "And behold, I am with you all days, . on May 25, 1869, on a farm some 20 miles with h is previous writings on the subject, even unto the consummation of the world" sout h of St. Paul, the son of God-fearing contributed to the subsequent enactment of. (Matthew 28: 20). To him, the church was Irish Immigrant parents from Tipperary. Of such legislation, is . difficult to ·determine, "the pillar and mainstay of the truth" (I the 11 children, 2 became priests, and 2 nuns. but it is the fact that shortly thereafter Timothy 3: 15) , and, as he once wrote, "It is On the Ryan farm there was the usual mirumum-wage bills were introduced into the dearest thing in my life.'' pioneering thrift and bard labor, the farm various State legislatures, and that be him­ But young Ryan detect ed something else mortgage with interest up to 12 percent, the self wrote the first minimum-wage bill pre­ in Leo's encyclical besides its reassertion of little shelf of some five ·or s ix books, and sented to the Minnesota Legislature, and the principle that the ch urch has unques­ · first among them the Book of Books, the that this bill, in revised form, became law tioned jurisdiction over everything affecting Life of Christ, and that of His Blessed in this State in 1913. By 1917, 11 states men's lives in the social and economic field. Mother. In addition, a newspaper came to had similar laws, and at present the num­ That something else was the method that the th,e fannhouse each week. It was the Irish ber is 26. Moreover, in 1938, our Federal Pontiff used. It was what we call today the World and American Industrial Liberator, Congress enacted the Fair Labor Standards scientific method. Leo, indeed, had a phi­ which . the boy, John eagerly devoured and Act establishing national minimum-wage losophy, as what scientist, deny it as he may, which, as he said, gave him his first interest levels for men and women. has not? Leo's procedure was: observation, in social questions and social bettennent. In all truth, his was a ·full life as priest experiment, induction, wit h proposals for Later followed his training for the sacred and scholar. Teacher, thinker, author, lec­ change dictated by his philosophy. In a ministry at St . Paul Seminary, and his ordi­ turer, adminjstrator-his record does not word, . he first gatherEd before him certain nation· to the holy priesthood by Archbishop have to be made or to be built up. It is verifiable data, and then only passed moral 9300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE OCTOBER 3

judgment upon them and advocated reme­ ."Few ethical authorit~es have had sufficient of that great Pontiff who, after lamenting dial measures wherever, according to his knowledge of economic facts to adapt ethical the attitude of those who look with indiffer­ philosophy, there was need of remedy. This principles to the economic field; few econ­ ence on the spread of communism, asserts: was Leo's method. This was John · Ryan's ·omists are abreast of the best modern work "All the more gravely to be condemned is the method. · in ethics. To this rtlle, the most notabl~ is folly of those who neglect to remove o~ change Regarding the encyclical of 1891, years Dr. Ryan. His economic scholarship is un­ the conditions that inflame the minds of afterward Monsignor Ryan wrote: "At the impeachable; ~urvey his writing, and you peoples, and pave the way for the overthrow beginning of the encyclical, he (Leo Xlll) are forced to the conclusion that among the and destruction of society." (Quadragesimo declared that the con~ition of the working _economists of today there are not many who Anno, par. 112.) classes had come·to be little better than that can match him in command of the literature . But, mark well,. Monsignor Ryan did not of slavery. .This was a statement of fact, and in sanity of judgment." demand justice for workers merely because not a repetition of a general principle. It A sii~gle formula then, guided him injustice would drive :tJ:?.em to commu~ism. was not arrived at by deductive reasoning. throughout his entire life: complete adher­ Fear of driving workers to communism is Throughout the encyclical, he deals constant­ ence to the teaching magisterium of the anything but a generous motive. It is the ly with the actual conditions of labor in all church, and painstaking use of the tqols of view of those who ne concerned almost en­ itS relations. Hence, the concreteness and the scientist. He did not merely accept the tirely about what might happen to them­ usefulness , of · his moral pronouncements." depositum fidei, the body of Christian faith, selves. When all is said and done it is a view (Questions of the Day, Stratford Press, 1931, but worked and toiled in order to set it that is born of selfishness. It was not John . p. 223.) . forth in its primeval purity. Ryan's view. His was far more Christian. This procedure of Leo XIII of -combining In 1913, he became disturbed at the Charge He condellf::-:ed . opp:res_~ion, _and propo~ed divine· truth and scientific method, and yet of certatn Socialists that the early Fathers measures for social justice in behalf of the in giving each its fullest scope, Mo:rtsignor of the Church-Basil, Ambrose, and Jerome­ oppressed because justice is their right as Ryan followed throughout his whole career. ·denied the right of private property, and ad­ children of God and brothers of Jesus Christ. vocated a system of collectivism. He set ·Needless to say,- in doing so he was acting in III the best Christian tradition. himself to work on early Patristic literature Reca:Il 'the ·touching incident in the syna­ and published the little volume, The Alleged Now, let us ~ook at the man himself. Per­ gogue at Capharnaum (John 6: 60-70). Socialism of tlle Church Fathers, in which S'Ons who met Monsignor Ryan for the first The Master had just proclaimed His divinity he revealed the true mind of the fathers of time were frequently heard to remark, "How again, and had just declared to His disciples ·the fourth and fifth centuries on ownership strong and yet how simple he is!" This was tl:lat He was going to give tqem His flesh to and private property. the judgment not merely of strangers, but ·eat-and His blood to drink. Some of them Later, as students in his seminar at Cath­ of those who were privileged to be close to were scandalized at what He had said, and olic University can well bear witness,-he was him. Massive strength with childlike sim­ 'murmuring among themselves began to walk most meticulous in analyzing the works of . plicity-nothing portrays him quite so well. away. Turning to the twelve, He asked: St. Thomas Aquinas, both in directing dis­ If we may draw aside the curtain of his "Do you also wish to go away?" sertations and in publishing his own re­ .young manhood, we may say, I am sure, that It is beside the point to inquire why our ·searches in this field, in order to · discover he did not build his character to this formula Saviour put _this question to the apostles, the tPue position of the Angel of the Schools by chance, and, least of all, by self-promoting whether He ·wished them to understand that on the two main pillars of medieval economic .design . . Christian and Catholic that he was ·He was leaving them free either to remain doctrine; the just price and the prohibition from birth, he saw and loved and made his with Him or to go away, or that as Sovereign ' .of usury. ·Again, it was the theologian and own the transcendent wisdom of Him who God He ·could readily secure substitutes in .the scientist at work. being God "emptied himself, taking the na­ .their place if they decided to leave, or whether - There is one feature of John Ryan's think­ ture of a slave and being made like unto He wished to stifle any thought in their ing that may-not be overlooked. Theologian men" (Philippians 2: 7); Who laid it down as hearts that by remaining with Him, they though he was, he had a passion for facts. . a first condition of man's blessedness "unless were extending a favor to Him rather than He took the pe··fectly rational position that you turn and become like little children, you receiving one. The fact is He asked the no one can pass valid judgment on industrial will not enter into the kingdom of heaven" twelve: "Do you also Wish to go away?" or other questiOIJ.S unless he is acquainted (Matthew 18: 13); Who remains with us, true Simon Peter, speaking for the twelve, re­ with the facts concerning them. He adopted God, under the frail appearance of bread plied at once: "Lord, to whom shall we go? the homely common sense of the person in upon our altars; Whose own Mother became Thou hast words of everlasting life, and we .the street: When a man talks he should know all powerful because she was all lowly; and have come to believe and to know that thou what he is talking about. Whose Apostle could proclaim with triumph, art the Christ, the Son of God." It is as if Deductive reasoning alone, he held, is not "Strength is made perfect in weakness" (2 Peter had said: Thy words, 0 Lord, are sweet enough. Co!lvictions alone, even when they Corinthians 12: 9). . and life-giving; Thou art our only refuge; ·are sound and right, are not enough. "The To this great mystery of Christian faith­ who but one who is dull and unbalanced of general principles," he wrote, "are true, in­ strength is made perfect in weakness-John mind would leave Thee? deed, but they are practically useless unless Ryan yielded allegiance. It captivated him Peter made an act of faith, and Peter used they are applied specifically to the actual and shaped his character. Here is the ex­ his powers of reasoning. Peter believed, and conditions and relations of industry. Unless planation of his childlike simplicity and of Peter knew. He believed because he accepted we know the facts, we cannot apply the prin­ his manly strength. Christ, true God and true man.. He knew ciples." (Questions of the Day, Stratford Child ·he was to his last breath. Even at because he had heard with his own ears the Press, 1931, p. 222.) Could the true scien­ the risk of seeming to trifle, I would say that ·preaching of the Baptist, and because he had tist's freedoms and limitations be better it was only a boy, who at the age of 70 could seen with his own eyes and had witnessed formulated? look back to the time when he was 29, and . with all his other senses the miracles and the One other phase of his thinking might well write of himself as he did in his auwbi­ sanctity of the Saviour. Peter believed, and be referred to here. It was his constant prac­ ography, "Until I left home for the Catholic Peter knew. tice to view things in their causal relation to University, the latter-part of September 1898, Like Simon Peter, John Augustine Ryan ­ one another, and, in the case of social wrongs, I had never seen as large a city as Chicago. exemplified the faithful use of -the twofold to propose remedies to eliminate the causes The 2 or 3 days that I spent in that metrop_. talent of faith and of reason. While his re­ of these wrongs rather than to wait. until olis on my way to Washington were extremely liance on the teachings of Peter's successor the causes had worked themselves out, and interesting. I still recall the powerful im­ was truly childlike, he yielded to no one in then merely to deplore the evil results. I pression made upon me by the elevated rail­ the complete and unfettered use of his refer to the matter of communism. All the roads, the tall buildings, the lake front, the vigorous intellect. ·Living answer, he was, to world knows that communism can take root crowds and the noise, hurry, and bustle." the shallow taunt that a Catholic cannot be only in the soil of injustice and oppression. (Social Doctrine in Action, Harper, 1941, p. a' scientist. To him reason was the light It can hardly thrive in any other. 62.) This same attitude of utter truthful­ of God's face .... To him was given the Psalm- Monsignor Ryan denounced communism ness runs through all his writings, as it dom­ 1st's joy: "T.he light of Thy countenance, 0 and its earlier counterpart, socialism, more inated the man himself. "The law of truth Lord, is signed upon us: thou hast given vigorously and certainly more intelligently was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found gladness in my heart" (4-7). That glad­ than any other writer in the English lan­ in his lips" (Malachi 2: 5) . ness, we may venture to say, gave him the guage. (See, for example, his The Church But God's paradox had worked itself out. extraordinary calm which he maintained in and Socialism, University Press, Washington, The Sea£·of Wisdom had declared: "He has the face of hostile critics, and the satisfac­ 1919, and his A Better Economic Order, Har- ' put down the' mighty from their thrones, and . tion that was his to see no small part of what pers, 1935.) But he did not content himself has exalted the lowly" (Luke 1: 52). In­ he had worked for coming to be accepted with condemnation. His was a positive cru­ deed, the artless simplicity of John Ryan had even during his lifetime. sade. He sought to remove the causes out made of him a man of judgment, of courage, To his success in co.mbining in himself of which socialism and communism grow. If and of breadth of view. the moral teacher and the scientist, let one any proof is needed for this assertion, the Judgment, he had, to separate fact from te~tify whose commendation may come to clear answer is ' the Bishop's Reconstruction make-believe, and when .he rendered judg­ some as a bit of a surprise. In 1917, Dr. Program of 1919, which he not only con- ment, there was none that did not know its Alvin Johnson reviewing Monsignor Ryan's ceived but also wrote. ' ·meaning. Courage, he had, but it was the monumental work, Distributive Justice, in Indeed, he does not fall under the censure courage that the · God of hosts vouchsafes the New Republic, of February 17, wrote: of Pope Pius XI, but rather merits the praise only to those who f'ght for the right. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9301 Breadth of view l:ie h ad, both of God's world his position is a symbol of great human sirens, which seemed to compel, from the na· and of God's church, as witness his desire fotces that have labored arduously and suc­ tive Londoner, not a single hurried step. for a study to discover whether the statu3 cessfully for a righteous cause. Unless he Gradually we drew closer together until we of the church in Catholic countries is not feels this symbolism and this rightness in became true partners in the war. in direct proportion to the degree to wh~ch what he has tried to do, then he is disregard· In London my associates and I planned two the peoples of these countr-ies have sought ful of the courage, the fortitude, and devo­ great expeditions: that to invade the Medi· to carry out the Catholic program for social tion of the vast multitudes he has been hon­ terranean and later that to cross the justice and to live it in their daily lives. ored to command. If all the Allied men and Channel. London's hospitality to Americans, This morning I venture the prophecy: He women that have served with me in this her good-humored · acceptance of the added will stand in our country almost alone, to war can only know that it is they this inconveniences we brought, her example of offset the sentence of condemnation that august body is really honoring today, then, fortitude and quiet confidence in the final future generations )Vill justly pass upon indeed, will I be content. · outcome-all these helped to make the su­ our own, that whereas we have made revo· This feeling of humility cannot erase, of preme headquarters of two Allied expedi· lutionary advances in scientific research in course, my great pride in being tendered the tions the smooth-working organizations they behalf of things, we have made little if any freedom of London. I am not a native of this became? They were composed of chosen progress in the high science of social think· land. I come from the very heart of America. representatives of two proud and independ· ing in behalf of human beings. , In the superficial aspects by which we ordi­ ent peoples, each noted for its initiative and Such is the man and such is the priest narily recognize family relationships, the for its satisfattion with its own customs, ­ whose mortal remains we consign to the town where I was born and the one where I manners, and methods. Many feared that earth today. His soul can be nappy, and was reared are far separated from this great those representatives could never combine his l:ereaved brothers and sisters can 'even city. Abilene, Kans., and Denison, Tex., together in efficient fashion to-solve the com· rejoice, in the assurance of St. Paulinus of would together add in size to possibly one plex problems presented by modern war. the fourth century: "It 1s one thing to pray five-hundredth part of greater London. By I hope you believe we proved the doubters for yourself. It is quite another :for a mul­ your standards those towns are young, with· wrong. Moreover, I hold that we prond titude to clamor to Gcd fa~· you." With the out your aged traditions that carry the roots this point not only for war, we proved that it fa.ith that 1s ours, we can confidently hope of London back into the uncertainties of un­ can always be done by our two peoples, pro­ that the uncounted thousands· whose cause recorded history. To ~hose people I am proud­ vided only both show the same good will, he espoused have already prevailed for him to belong, but I find myself today 5,000 miles the same forbearance, the same objective &t the seat of divine mercy. from that countryside, the honored guest of a attitud~ that British and Americans so am­ 0 angels of God, if eternal justice, before city whose name stands for grandeur and size ply demonstrated in nearly 3 years of bitter whom no man stands without fault, still throughout the world. Hardly would it seem campaigning. holds him in the prison-house of suffering, possible for the London Council to have gone No one man could, alone, have broue11t lift up the bars and admit this valiant cham· farther afield to find a man to honor with about this result. Had I possessed the mili­ pion of justice and charity into the man­ its priceless gift of token citizenship. tary skill of a Marlborough, the wisdcm of sions of peace and of rest. Yet kinship among nations is not deter­ Solomon, the understanding of Lincoln, I mined in such measurements as pro~imity, still would have been helpless without the ADDRESS BY GENERAL EISENHOWER · AT loyalty, the vision, the generosity of thou­ GUILDHALL, LONDON, ENGLAND size, and age. R:1.ther we should turn to those inner things, call them what you will-1 sands upon thousands of British an:l Amer­ Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. PresHient; mean those intan$ibles that are the real icans. Some of them were my companions some weeks ago the Congress of the treasures freemen possess. To preserve his in the high command, many were enlisted United States held a joint session to freedom of wore:hip, his equality before the men and junior officers carrying the fierce law, his liberty to speak and act as he sees brunt of the battle, and many others were honor the commander in chief of the fit-subject only to the provision that he tres­ back in the United States and here in Great Allied armies in Europe, General of the pass not upon similar rights of others-the Britain, in London. Moreover, back of us Army Dwight D. Eisenhower. We were Londoner will fight. So will the citizen of were always our great national war leaders all deeply impressed with the. speech Abilene. When we consider these things, then and their civ11 and military staffs that General Eisenhower made on that occa­ the valley of the Thames draws closer to the supported and encouraged us through every sion. Our allies also sought to show their farms of Kansas and the plains of Texas. To trial, every test. The whole was one great my mind, it is clear that when two peoples team. I know that on this special occasion, appreciation of this great American com­ the 3,000,000 American men and women serv­ mander in chief, and one of the first to will face the tragedies of war to defend the same splritual values, the same treasured ing in the Alli~d Expeditionary Force would do so was Great Britain. At a banquet rigl;lts, then, in deepest sense, those two are want me to pay the tribute of admiration, at the Guildhall, London, General Eisen­ truly related. So, even as I proclaim my un· res~ct and affection to their British com­ hower made a speech which every Amer­ dying Americanism, I am bold enough and rades of this war. ican should be given the opportunity to exceeaingly proud to claim basic kinship to My most cherished hope is that, after Japan ·read. I have here a copy of that speech. ycu of London. joins the Nazi in 'Utter defeat, neither my It is a speech to be remembered, and I And what man who has followed the history country nor yours need ever again summon of this war could fail to experience- inspira· its sons and daughters from their peaceful ask unanimous consent that it be printed pursuits to face the tragedies of battle. But­ in the body of the RECORD at this point. tion from the example of this city? When the British Empire stood-alone, but un­ .a fact important for both of us to remem. There being no objection, the speech conquered; almost naked, but unafraid-to bcr-nei~her London nor Abilene, sisters un· was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, defy the Hitler hordes, it was on this devoted der the skin, will sell her birthright for phys· as follows: city that the first terroristic blows were ical safety, her liberty for mere existence. No petty differences jn the world of trade, The high sense of distinction I ~eel in launched. · receiving this great honor from the city of Five years and 8 months of war, much of it traditions, or national pride should ever blind London is inescapably mingled with feelings on the actual battle-line I Blitzes, big and us to identities in priceless values. If we of profound sadness. All of us must always iittle, fly-bombs, V-bombs; all of them you keep our eyes on this guidepost, then no regret that your country and mine were ever took in your stride. You worked-from your difficulties along our path of mutual coopera· faced with the tragi& situation that com· needed efforts you would not be deterred. tion can ever be insurmountable. Moreover, pelled the appointment of an Allied com­ You carried on, and from your midst arose when this truth has permeated to the re­ m ander in chief, the capacity in which I no cry for mercy, no wail of defeat. The motest hamlet and heart of all peoples, then have just been so extravagantly commended. Battle of Britain will take its place as another indeed may we beat our swords into plough· Humility must &lways be the portion of of your deathless traditions. And your faith shares and all nations can enjoy the fruitful· any man who receives acclaim earned in the and endurance have finally been rewarded. ness of the earth. blood of his followers and the sacrifices of You had been more than 2 years in war My Lord Mayor, I -thank you once again for his friends._ Conceivably a commander may when Americans, in numbers, began swarm· an honor to me and to the American forces have been professionally superior. He may ing into your country. Most were mentally that will remain one of the proudest in my have gi'ven everything of his heart and mind u_nprepared for the realities of war-espe· memories. to meet the spiritual and physical needs of cially as waged by the Nazis. Others believed MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE his comrades. He may have written a chap­ that tales of British sacrifice had been exag. ter that will glow forever in the pages of mili­ gerated. Still others failed to recognize the A message from the House of Repre­ tary history. Still, even such a man, if he c.lifficulties of the task ahead. sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its existed, would sadly face the facts that his All such doubts, questions, and com­ reading clerks, announced that the House honors cannot hide in his memories the placencies could not endure a single casual had passed without amendment the fol. crosses marking the resting places of the tour through your scarred streets and ave· lowing bills of the Senate: dead. 'Ihey cannot :::oothe the anguish of nues. With awe our men gazed upon empty the widow or the orphan whose husband spaces where once had stood buildings S. 136. An act for the relief of the Oregon or father will not return. erected by the toil and sweat of peaceful Caves Resort; 451. An act for the relief of Carl Bau· The only attitude ~n which a · commander !elk. Our eyes rounded as we saw your worn· s. may with e:atisfaction receive -the tributes en serving quietly and efficiently in almost mann; of his friends is in humble aclmowledgment every kind ~ of war effort, even flak batteries. S. 573. An act for the re li~f of Lee D. Hose­ that, no matter how unworthy he may be, We . became accustomed to the warning ley; 9302 CONGRESSIONAL RECO·RD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 - S. 711. An act for the relief of Ernest L. H. R. 1636. An ·act for the relief of Myrtle State of California, th·e "Harry L. Englebright Fuhrmann; Ruth Osborne, Marion Walts, and Jessie A. Dam"; S. 729. An act for the relief of William An­ Walts; H. R. 3871. An act authorizing the appoi:rlt­ drew Evans; H. R. 1781. An act for the relief of Candler ment of an additional judge for the district S. 732. An· act for the relief of Ensign Elmer Cobb;. of Kansas; H. Beckmann, United States Naval Reserve; . H . R. 1956. An act for the relief of Annie H. R. 4018. An act for the relief of Robert S. 762. An act for the relief of Everett Mc­ M. Lannon; A. Hudson; Lendon, Sr.; Mrs. Everett McLendon, Sr.; Mr. H. R. 1961. An act for the relief of Floren­ H. R. 4048. An act to provide for an appeal and Mrs. Everett McLendon, Sr., for the bene­ tine H. Ke'eler, Harold .S. Keeler, and Gene­ to_the Supreme Court of the United States fit of their minor daughter, Nadine McLen­ vieve M. Keeler; from the decisions of the Court of Claims in don; and Everett McLendon, Jr.; H. R. 1979. An act for the relief of the Ohio two suits instituted by H. B. Nelson (doing S. 787. An act for the relief of Oliver Jen­ Brass Oo.; business as the H. B. Nelson Construction sen; H. R. 2027. An act for the relief of the es­ Co.); and S. 857. An act for the relief of Raymond W. tate of Alexander McLean, deceased; H. R. 4100. An act to amend section 74 of Fo~i; · H. R. 2160. An act for the relief of John the Judicial Code, as amended, to change the S. 888. An act to authorize the exchange J. Ga ll; --terms of the District Court for the District of c ~ rtain lands in the vicinity of the War H. R. 2166. An act for the reli~f of the of Connecticut. Department Pentagon Building in Arlington, estate of Franz Tillman, deceased; Va.; H. R. 2172. An act for the relief of J. Clyde HOUSE BILLS REFERRED OR PLACED ON S. 902. An ·act to reimburse certain Navy Marquis; CALENDAR personnel and former Navy personnel for H. R. ~241. An aet for the relief of Florence · The following bills were severally read, personal property lost or damaged as the re­ Zimmerman; , twice J;>y their titles and referred or or­ sult of a fire in a Quonset hut at Harrowbeer H.R. 2310'. An act for the relief of James Airport, Yelverton, South Devon, England, on A. Brady; dered to be placed on the calendar, as December 26, 1944; H. R. 2332. An act for the relief of Henry indicated: S. 909. An act for the relief of Hugh Egan; P. King and G. B. Morgan, Sr.; H. R . 239. An act for the relief of Dr. S. 929. An act for the relief of Henry H. H . R. 2335. An act for the relief of Albert Ernest H. Stark; Huffman and Mrs. Marie J. Huffman; E .' Severns; · H. R. 240. An act for the relief of Dr. James s. 985. An act to reimburse certaln Navy H. R. 2362. An act for the relief of Edward M. Hooks; and personnel and former Navy personnel for Woolf; H. R. 1236. An act to authorize the Secre­ personal property lost or damaged as the re­ H·. R. 23~9. An act for the relief of Arlethia tary of War to quit claim to Chanslor-Canfield sult of fires occurring at various naval shore Rosser; Midway Oil Co. subsurface mineral and water activities; H. R. 2452. An act for the relief of Sam rights in two hundred and eleven and thirty­ S. 986. An act to reimburse certain Navy Kalak; 'six one-hundredths acres of land in the personnel and former Navy personnel for per­ H. R. 2479. An act for the relief of Capt. county of Los Angeles, Calif.; to the Com­ sonal property lost or damaged as .the re­ Wernet" Holtz; mittee on Military Affairs. sult of a fire in administration building at H. R. 2481. An act for the relief of the H. R. 801. An act for the relief of Mrs. the naval air station, Bunker Hill, Ind., on estate of Ed Edmondson, deceased;· Catherine Driggers and her minor children; December 28, 1944; H. R. 2512. An act for the relief of Helen H. R. 874. An act for the relief of L. Wil­ S. 996. An act for the relief of Lt. (jg) Wil­ Alton and Edwin Alton;• moth Hodges; liam Augustus White, United States Naval H. R. 2579. An act for the relief of John G. H. R. 8'75. An act for the relief of Nannie Reserve; Johnson; Bass; S. 1007. An act for the relief of Mr. and H. R. 2595. An act for the relief of Fatrick H. R: 935. An act for the relief of Andreas Mrs. Edward P. Standley; and A. Kelly; Andersen; S. 1265. An act for the relief of John R. H. R. 2620. An act. for the relief of Leslie 0. H. R. 977. An ·act for the relief of John Jennings. Allen; August Johnson; H. R. 2642. An act for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 1457. An act for the relief of Jose­ The message also announced that the Evelyn Johnson; phine Benham; House had passed the following bills of H. R. 2677. An act to authorize the Federal H. R. 1636. An act for the relief of Myrtle the Senate, severally with an amend­ Works Administrator to accept and dispose Ruth Osborne, Marion Walts, and Jessie A. ment, in which it requested the concur­ of real estate devised to the United States Walts; rence of the Senate: by the late Maggie Johnson, of Polk County, H. R . 1781. An act for the relief of Candler Ark., and for other purposes; Cobb; S. 90. Ar.. act for the relief of the estate H. R. 2686. An act for the relief of Ben H. R. 1956. An act for the relief of Annie of George O'Hara; Greenwood and Davie Greenwood; M. Lannon; S. 620. An act for the relief of the widow H. R. 2723. An act for the relief of I. H. H. R. 1961. An act for the relief of Floren­ of Joseph c." Akin; Beasley; tine H. Keeler, Harold S. Keeler, and Gene­ S. 694. An act for. the relief of Dan C. Rod­ H. R. 2729. An act for the relief of Donald vieve M. Keeler; gers; and George; H. R . 1979. An act for the relief of the S.1062. An act to reimburse certain NavY. H. R. 2810. An act for the relief of Mrs, Ohio Brass Co.; personnel and former Navy perso~nel for Stuart B. Riley; H. R. 2027. An act for the relief of the es­ personal property lost or damaged as the re­ H. R. 2835. An act for the relief of James tate of Alexander McLean, deceased; sult of a fire at the naval-auxiliary air station, Lynch; H. R. 2160. An act for the relief of John Pungo, Norfolk, Va., ~n February 13, 1945. H. R. 2836. An act for the relief of Angelo J. Gall; The message further announced that Gianquitti and George Gianquitti; H. R. 2166. An act for the relief of the es­ the House had passed the following bills, H. R. 3008. An act for the relief of Don tate of Franz Tillman, deceased; Hicks; H. R. 2172. An act for the relief of J. Clyde in which it requested the concurrence of H . R. 3011. An act for the relief of John Maquis; the Senate: Hames; H. R. 2241. An act for the relief of Flor­ H. R. 239. An act for the relief of Dr. Ernest H . R. 3087. An act to correct an error in ence Zimmerman; H. Stark; section 342 (b) (8) of the Nationality Act of H. R. 2310. An act for the relief of James H. R. 240. An act for the relief of Dr. James 1940, as amended; ' A. Brady; M. Hooks; H. R. 3137. An act for the relief of G. F. H. R. 2332. An act for the relief of Henry H. R. 801. An act for the relief of Mrs. -Allen, chief disbursing officer, Treasury De­ P. King and G. B. Morgan, Sr.; Catherine Driggers and her minor children; partment, and for other purposes; H. R. 2335. An act for the relief of Albert H. R. 874. An act for the relief of L. Wil­ H. R. 3198. An act for the relief of the legal E. Severns; . moth Hodges; guardian of Sue Flippin Bratton, a minor; H. R. 2362. An act for the relief of Edward H. R. 875. An act for the relief of Nannie H. R. 3249. An act for the relief of Stanley Woolf; Bass; J. Lilly; · H.-R. 2399. An act for the relief of Arlethia H. R. 935. An act for the relief of Andreas H. R. 3302. An act for the relief of Christian Rosser: H. Kreusler; H. R. 2452. An act for the relief of Sam Andersen; · Kalak; H. R. 977. An act for the relief of John H. R. 3424. An act to permit renewal of cer­ tain trade-mark registrations after expiry H. R. 2479. An act for the relief of Captain August Johnson; Werner Holtz; · H. R. 1236. An act to authorize the Secre­ thereof, and for other purposes; H. R. 2481. An act for the relief of the estate tary of War to quitclaim to Chanslor-Can­ H. R. 3603. An act to provide for the sale of Ed Edmondson, deceased; , field Midway Oil Co. subsurface minerai and of surplus war-built vessels, and for other H. R. 2512. An act for the relief of Helen water rights in two hundred and eleven and purposes; Alton and Edwin Alton; :thirty-six one-hundredths acrEs of land in U. R. 3790. An act for the relief o! Gene­ . H. R. 257~. An act for the relief of John G. the county of Los· Angeles, Calif.; · vieve Lund; Johnson; .• . H . R.-1457·. An act for the relief o:t Jose­ H. R. 3870. ~n act to name the dam at .the H. R. 2595. An ect for the relief of Patr:ck phine Benham; Upper Nar!o~s site on t:1e Yu~a River, in the ,A. Kelly; 1945 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-SE.NATE 9303 H. R. 2620. An act tor the relief of Leslie SEC. 2. The amendment made by this- act the Interstate Commerce C3mmission 0. Allen; shall take •effect 90 da,ys after the date of this morning to ascertain if they h:ad H. R. 2642. An act .for the relief of Mrs. the cessation of hostilities in the war with Evelyn Johnson; Japan, as proclaimed by the President or de­ on file in the Bureau rates charged by H. R. 2686. An act for the relief of Ben clared by concurrent resolution of the two railroads obliged to give the land-grant Greenwood and Davie Greenwood; Houses of Congress, whichever is the earlier: deductions. The.y said they had no sucil H. R. 2723. An act for the re.lief of I. H. Provided, however, That any travel .or trans­ rates <>n file. They do not know what Beasley; portation contracted for prior to such effec­ the railroads charge where the Iand­ H. R. 2729. An act for the relief of Donald tive date shall be paid for at the rat e, fare, gi·ant deduction is involved. The m~n George; or charge in effect at the time of entering in.: in the Tariff Bureau of the Interstate H. R. 2810. An act for the relief of Mrs. to such contract. Stuart B. Riley; . Commerce Commission with whom I H. R . 2835. An a~t for the relief of James The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The talked ended by saying, "About all we Lynch; ' qucs~ion is on agreeing to the committee know about land-grant :r:ates is what we H. R. 2836. An act for the relief of Angelo amendment. read in the newspapers." I submit, Mr. Gianquitti and George Gianquitti; The Senator from Kansas [Mr. REED] President, that that is a most'unhealthy· H. R. 3008. An act for the relief of Don situation. Hicks; is recognized. - H. R. 3011. An act for the relief of John Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I continue with the letter: Hames; Mr. President, will the Senator yield? This results in uncertainties not only by H. R. 3137. An act for the relief of G. F. 1\lr. REED. I yield. the shippers located on non-land-grant roads Allen., chief disbursing officer, Treasury De­ Mr. •JOHNSTON of South Carolina. in competition with shippers on land-grant partment, and for other purposes; Mr. President; I send to the desk an roads, but also between shippers lccated on H. R. 3198. l\n act for the relief of the legal . amendment to House bill 694, the bill now different land-grant roads, and in some cases, guardian of Sue Flippin Bratton, a minor; even when competing shippers are located on H. R. 3249. An act for the relief of Stanley under consideration. The amendment the same land-grant roads. J. LHly; proposes, on page 3, line 5, before t,he To participate in Government business at H _R. 3~02. An act for the relief of Christian period, to insert a colon and the follow­ present a Ehipper to whom a land-grant re­ H. Kreusler; ing proviso: duction is not available must absorb the H. R. 3790. An act for the relief of Gene­ Provi ded, however, That tlie provisions of difference between his standard commercial 'Vieve Lund; this r.ct shall not take effect until all sections rate and the lower iand-grant rate of his H. R. 4018. An act for the relief of Robert of the United States are allowed the same competitor, and there are times when natu­ A. Hudson; and freight rates on both class and commodity ral advantages are eliminated because a com­ H. R. 4048. An net to provide for an appeal freight. · petitor with a more unfavorable location to the Supreme Court of the United states happens to be in a position to use a route from the decisions uf th-e Court of Claims ln The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The where land-grant rates apply. two suits institut€d by H. B : Nelson (doing amendment submitted by the Senator The ordinary commercial shipper does not business as the H. B. Nelson Construction Co.) ; to the Committee on Claims. from South Carolina will be printed and always know and cannot find out how much H . R. 2677. An a·ct to authorize the .Federal lie on 'the table. lana-grant mile.age may be applicable in the movement of his own prod.uct and has still Worl~s Administrator to accept and dispose Mr. REED. Mr. President, I have-sel­ of real estate devised to the United States by dom seen an important measure come to less chance to know how land-grant deduc­ tbe late Maggie Johnson, of Polk .County, the fioor of the Senate about which there tions may be -applied where his c~mpetitors Ark., and for other p11rposes; to the Com­ are located. Not even the regulatory au­ has been so much misunderstanding as thorlties .know where they stand in prescrib­ mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. there is with respect to the so-called H. R. 3087. An act to correct an error In ing a rate structure, in view of the uncer­ section 342 (b) (8) of the Nationality Act land-grant bill. There is no particular tainties as to the nature of the· Government of 1-940, as amended; to the Committee on mystery attached to it. It is true that property and its uses to which the lower land­ Imrr.Jgration. the railroads will profit to some extent­ grant charges apply. H. R. 3424. An act to permit renewal uf not an unreasonable extent-if this bill Shippers on non-land-grant 'routes, there­ certain trade-mark registrationS after· ex­ passes. But, Mr. President, the pressure fore, are at a distinct disadvantage against piry thereof, and for other purposes; to the upon me and upon every other Senator their n thorizes land-grant privlleges Bhouid be re­ pealed. The Interstate Commerce Act gov­ same Hne. I chose to read this because 321, title III, part II, Transportation Act erning transportation l'equires ra:lll'oads ·to it faJrly refiects the position of shippers of 1940, with respect to the movement of 1Ue taritls naming rates that shippers must the country over. Government traffic. pay for the transportation of freight. These Mr. President, I have been active in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The are the only rates that may be charged and. transportati<>n and traffic matters all my clerk will state the committee amend­ they cannot, without specifi<:: approval of the Interstate Commerce Commission, be deviated life. I am familiar with shipper organ­ ment. izations the country over. So far as I The LEGISLATIVE CLERK, On page 2, in from in any manner or form. In this way all shippers are "informed of the rates ap­ know, there is not one shipper organiza­ lines 21 and 22, it is proposed to strike out pUcable to their shipment as well as those tion of any standing anywhere that is the following: applicable to those ·of competitors. This. not urging the repeal of this remaining SEc. 2. The amendment made by this act -however, does not apply with respect to land­ 'Segment of the· land-grant rates. Bhall take effect 90 days after the date of grant rates because there is no law requiring Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. . President, enactment of this act. 'their publication. will the Senator yield? And to insert in lieu thereof the fol­ I charge Senators to take notice of The PRESIDING OFFICER

-, 9306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE · OCTOBER 3 a reduction of the rate at which Govern­ west railroads which cross my State­ until these railroads were built. ment property was carried could be re­ are land-grant, with the exception of Through the State of Missouri one could quired. one or two small ones. travel and did travel by the Missouri Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I am greatly Mr. REED. The answer to that ,River. There was much more travel on interested in this question, if the Sena­ would be that when the Civil War the Missouri River in those days than tor will yield again-- ended-with due regard for my southern there has been in recent years. So to Mr. REED. Certainly. colleagues, I will say the War Between induce railroad building to encourage it Mr. HICKENLOOPER. It seems from the States-- in the territory from Chicago to the this map-and this morning is the first Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, if the Rocky Mountains, and more especially time I have ever seen it; I understand Senator from Kansas will permit a cor­ between the Mississippi River and the there is only one in existence, as the rection from North Carolina, let me· say Rocky Mountains, aid grants of land Senator said. that. we had a vote in North Carolina in were made to railro·ads. Mr. REED. I had to cross my heart 1915 on that subject and the State voted · Mr. President, at this time I ask to . and hope to die, when I borrowed that to call it the War of the Rebellion. I am one. I promised to return it to the de- have incorporated in my remarks pages bound by .that at any rate. 5 and 6 only of a pamphlet issued by the partment from which I obtained it. · Mr. REED. Mr. Preside_nt, at the Mr. HICKENLOOFER. A quick ex­ close c: the War of the Rebellion-! ac-· Department of the Interior, entitled "In­ amination of this map seems to indicate cept the nomenclature of the very dis­ formation Concerning Land Grants for that the State of Iowa and the State of U:nguished Senator from North Caro­ Roads, Canals, River Improvements, and Minnesota have by far the bulk of the lina-it was the desire of the National Railroads." This table shows the names land-grant · railroad mileage in the Government to open up for settlement of th'e railroads and the amount of land United States. and to induce settlement of the States granted. Perhaps it may be useful. · Mr. REED. r think that may be cor­ west of Chicago, or, really those west of The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there rect. the Mississippi River. I think that is a is no objection, the table will be pi'inted Mr. HICKENLOOPER. It seems that fair statement. There had been no way in the RECORD. all five of the maj-or roads--east and to travel except by road into that · area The table is as follows: Statement showing area of the grant ancZ. the amount of land certifi:ed and patented under grants macle by acts of Congress to aiel in the ccnstmction of railroads-

GRA:ry-Ts ADJUSTED AND CLOSED

Name of railroad Date of grant Are! ~c~~:Uts Acres patented Deficiency

Tilinois C~mtralR. R. Co ______Sept. 20,1850 (9 Stat. 466)·------2, 595, 133. 00 2, 595, 133. 00 Mobile & Ohio (Mississippi) __ ------_____ do ______. ______. 737,130. ~9 737, 130.29 ------Mobile & Ohio (Alab8.Illa) ______-----______----- _____ do ______------______------419, 528. 44 419, 528.44 ------Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. Co·------~------June 10, 1852 (10 Stat. 8)------778, 550.04 611,323.35 167,226.69 Pacific R. R. Co. now St. Louis & San Francisco· Ry:Co .. ____ _do ___ : ______. ______.______•1, 159, 080. 33 1, 161, 284. 51 Little Rock& Fort Smith Ry. Co. ______Feb. 9, 1853 (10 Stat. 155)------·------1, 057, 024. 00 1, 052, 082. 51 ------4;94i:4.9 574, 4.00. 00 41,652.47 532,747.53 ~~: ~~~: i~~~~~::i~ ~~~~~~~it ~i'. ~~·. ~~;~~~r~~)~ ====~~~===::::::::::::~::::::::======1, 946, 112. 00 1, 356, 298. 00 589,814.00 Memphis & Little Rock R. R. Co. ______do ______: ______838,400.00 188, 380.49 650:019.51 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. Co ______May 15,1856 (11 Stat. 9)------1, 046, 062. 73 389,990.11 656,072.62 0 1, 228, 526. 96 644, 747. 17 583,779.79 · == =:: ======:::: ::::: === == ::::::::::::::::::: === ==·======1, 024, 895. 66 1, 023, 755. 08 1, 140. 58 Dubuqug~~~~gfia!fd:~e & Siouxlsh~~o~n~~;/U. City R. R. Co ______~. ca:: : ______}=====~~====:::::::: do · =~=== 1, 207, 145. ,51 1, 239, 464. 08 Iowa Falls & Sioux CLty R. R. Co ______: __ ~ ------~ ------...... ----- ...... ~~~r;~~ol~~ag~gr~aG~~fifec~~~-~~ -~---~-~::===:::::: :: :::: }May 17, 185!l(1LStat. 15) ____ . _-- ~. - ______------1, 315, 496. 22 1, 308, 620. 88 6,875. 34 Florida Centra & Peninsula R. R. Co. __ ------·- _____ do .••• ------1, 049,744. 69 750,.958. 84 298,785.85 Florida & Alab8Jlla R . R. Co______------______.. do ______------______. __ • ______. ___ ------______147, 942. 81 166,691.08 ------Alabama & Florida R. R. Co·------~------_____ do __ ___ ------,------439,972. 58 399,022.84 40,949.74 0 1 1 17 88,935.81 84,545.01 4, 390.80 Xf~~=~e&&c~~~i:U~0~· ~. ii: - =~~~~~-~~~~ -~ _ _ ~!~!~ _} _-_-_-_ ~~ ~=: :~::: ~ :: =~ :::::::::::::::::::::: 662,349.00 463, 253.35 199,095. 65 Wills Valley R. R. Co ___ ------co:::::::::::::::::______-----______:::::::: •-______do __ : ______-----_____ ----______------______H\8, 572.03 240, 106. 45 ... Mobile & Girard R. R. Co. __ ------_____ do·------302, 181.16 302, 181.16 ------South & North Alabama R . R. Co.------"------_____ do. ______-:_ ___ _: ______595,874.38 522, 218. 75 ------73,655.63 Selma, Rome & Dalton R. R. Co ______do·------507,313.07 419, 699.19 87,613.88 Bay de Noquet & Marquette R. R. Co ______June 3, 1856 (11 Stat. 21)------128,000. 00 128,301.05 ---.18·------Marquette, Hl'lughton & Ontonagon R. R. Co______Mar. 3, 1865 (13 Stat. 520) _------304,367. 64 310,023.67 ------...... -- ...... - OntonagoiL& Brule R . .R. Co. __ ------•------Junp 3, 1R5G (11 Stat. 21) ___ ------·------35,679. 79 34,227.08 1, 452.71 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co ______Mar. 3, 1865 (13 Stat. 520)·------702,608.75 518, 014. 51 184,594. 24 Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw R. R. Co ______.fune 3, 1856.(11 Stat. 21)------746, 378. 35 740,299. 41 6,078. 94 Northcrn Central Michigan R. R. Co ______do·------220,924. 37 1, 132. 30 219,792.07 Grand Rapids & Indian:l R. R. Co ______do------947,699.92 846,679.45 101,020.47 Port Huron & Lake Michigan R. R. Co______do·------.,.---- Flint & Pere Marquette R. R. Co______do ______::'______37,467.44 37,467.44 590, 811. 79 . li13, 152. 37 ------77,659.42 Madison & Portage R. R. CO------~ ---- June 3,1856 (11 Stat. 20)------·-- 120,765.88 915.38 119,850.50 Wisconsin Railroad Farm Mortgage Co _____ ------_____ do ______------240,649.03 243,288.77 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha R: R. Co., s.uc- May 5, 1864 (13 Stat. 66)------'- ---- ~- ---- 922,834. 10 773,874.00 --·---i4s;s6o:io . cessor to West Wisconsin_Ry. Co. · Chicago, St. ·Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha R. R. Co., ~uc- _____ do·------·------1, 288, 208. so 1, 288, 208. 90 cessor to St. Croix & Lake Superior R. R. Co. ------Chicago & Northwestem·R. R., successor to Chicago,- St. June 3, 1856 (11 Stat. 20)., ______: ______561,937.93 [)55, 140.15 6, 797. .78 Paul & Fond du.Lac R. R. Co. . . . , · Vicksburg, Shreveport-& Pacific R. R . Co______June 3, 1856 (11 Stat. 18>------702, 137.68 373, 175.95 328,961.73 409,499.81 199, 101.51 201,398.30 X~~s~us~~ fsf~~iW. if: ~~-~-~-_-:::: ======::::::::: _~~~d~~~-~~:~- ~~~ ~-t~-t~ -~~---~: ::::: === =::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 146,222.67 139,113.22 ·7, 109.45 St. Paul & Sioux City R. R. Co ______Mar. 3, 1857 (11 Stat. 195); May 12, 1864 (13 Stat. 72) ______1, 126, 578. 55 1, 126, 618. 55 Minnesota Central R. R. Co ______J____ Mar. 3, 1857 (11 Stat. 195).; Mar. 3, 1865 (13 Stat. 526) ______599,065.72 176,289.78 ------422; 775:94 Winona & St. Peter R. R. Co·------Mat. 3, 1857 (11 Stat. 195) ______...______1, 680, 143. og· 1, 749, 209: 16 Southern Minnesota R. R. Co______Mar. 3, 1857 (11 Stat. 195); Mar. 3, 1865 (13 Stat. "526) ______91,241.32 56,843.92 ------34;397:40 Leavenworth, Pawnee & Western R. R. Co., now Union July 1', 1862 (12 Stat. 489); July 2, 1864 (13 Stat. 356) ______7, 069, 242. 87 7, 091. 674. 37 Pacific R. R. Co. ------· Union Pacific R. R. Co______do_.:____ ------____ ------. 11, 401, 296. 15 11, 401,..1.75. 51 120.64 . Union Pacific R. R. Co. (central branch) ______. ____ July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 489); July 2,1864 (13 Stat·. 356).-- ~ ----: ____ _ 222,639.57 223,034.53 Sioux City & Pacific R. R. Co ... -----~------July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 489l------45,413.50 41,313.83 ------4~o99:67 Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston R. R. Co ______Mar. 3, 1863 (12 Stat. 772)------.:---- 658, 857; 76 73,893.93 614,963.83 Atchison, Topeka & Santa FeR. R. Co~------_____ do _____ .:------2, 878, 020. 39 2, 929, 348. 08 Missouri, Kansas.& Texas.R. R. Co______Mar.. 3,1863 (12 Stat• .772); July 1, 1864 (13 Stat. 339); July 26, 1866. 889,757.94 609, 0_57. 63 ------280,700.31 · (14 Stat. 289). 1, Z77, 188. 56 835, 635 . .;!4 441, 550. 22 :;.is~~~i!t 95~~t~~ ~. ~. ~<>::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~ ~: i~: m~t:t ~t::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 870,376.71 3 279,437.16 ~~~: ~n: ~} 47, 719. 3~ ~ihl~~~:t:K1*;;n:e~~~i}i>a~Ji:ii:co:,-successorti>M:C:- -~-~~~~:-~~~~-~~ -~-t~:~-~~:.::::::::::::::::::::::::======~===: 1, 284, 492. 15 396,392. 10. ---_-.--888;o99:45 Gregor & Missouri -River R. R. Co. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. Co., successor to Bur· July 2, 1864 (1~ Stat. 356) ______.______~ 2, 361, 984. 00 2, 374,090.77 ------lington & Missouri River R. R. Co. · r

1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9307 Statement showing area of the grant and the amount of land certified and patented under grants made by acts of Congress to aid in the construction of railroads-Continued.

GJ;UNTS AI)J"USTED AND CLOSED-continued

N arne of railroad Area of grants Date of grant in acres Acres patented Deficiency

Southern Minnesota Railway Extension Co·------~------July 4, 186

Statement showing area of the grant and the amount of land certified and patented. under grants made by acts of Congress to aid tn the copstruction of railroads as of June 30, 1938

GRANTS PRACTIC~LLY ADJUSTED, BUT NOT CLOSED

Area of giants Name of railroad Date of grant in acres Act'l.'S patented .Amount due

Elt. Paul & Pacific R. R. Co·------~------Mar. 3, 1857 (11 Stat. 1£5); Mar. 3,1865 (13 Stat. 526)______3, 851,691.25 3, 256,846. 21 594,845.04 Central Pacific R. R. Co.------July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 48!J); July 2, 18M (13 Stat. 356) _ :______8, C5G, 581.46 7, !J20, 255. 69 136,325.77 ortbern Pacific Ry. Co._------July 2, 1864 ~ 13 Stat. 365)( May 31, 1870 (16 Stat. 378).______43, 150,330.39 38,591, 614. 78 4, ~ ., 715.. 61 California & 0r()gon R. B.. Co------July 25, 18€6 (14 Stat. 239J ------3, 268, 564. 63 3, 240, 008.85 27 955 78 Atlantic & P&cific R. R. Co. (Western Division)_------July 27, 18C6 (14 Stat. 292)------13,423, 237. C2 11., !117, 309. 83 1;505, 927.19 Southern Pacific R. R. Co. (main line)------_____ do ______.___ ------____ ----=------. 4, 714, 055. 71 4, 664, 3.~5. 65 49, 700. 06 Southern P1:cmc R. R. Co. (branch line) ______Mar. 3, 1871 (15 Etat. [/3) ______'_ __4._06_4_, 37_3_. 25..:..·_ __2_,_14_0,_4_74_. 8_1_: __1,_9_23_ , 8_98_._44 1 1 'TotaL. ______----____ ------____ ----- __ ------__ ------____ :. ---_____; ----____ ------.. ------_ 80, 528, 833. 71 71, 7.31, 465. 821 8, 797, 367. 89

Mr. REED. Mr. President, I have roads and telephone lines, the .electric Mr. REED. Let me pursue that for a tr-ied to elucidate this situation. I shall utilities, and wherever the public in­ moment, with the permission of the Sen­ be happy to reply to any further ques­ terest is paramount. as it is in the use ator, from North Carolina. For the last tions, but if th'ere are no further ques­ ' of those "instrumentalities. · 2 years. during the period of heavy ship­ tions, I yield the fioor. Mr. BAILEY. i believe the Senator ments of munitions and very heavy Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I have will go further and say that those who movement of troops, the deductions heard the argument derived from the st"rike have no right whatever to·,prevent made because of Government shipping land-grant theory, and I do not think men willing to work from working. as against l'rivfl,te shipping have run as · the argument is well founded. If some Mr. REED. I agree with that. The _ high a~ $20,000,000 a month, so that from one will argue to me that we are not Se.nator from North Carolina has raised June 30, 1942; down to June 30, 1945, we paying the railroads a sufficient sum, a point, and if he will permit me, I wish will say, a period of 3. years, I would I willl!sten to that, but I do not believe to say that it was estimated, as it de­ think, without being able to state it pre­ the land-grant proposition is <;onvincing. veloped yesterday'in the discussion be­ cisely, that not less than $500,000,000 There is another side to it. Nobody tween the Senator from North Carolina · benefits ·have accrued to the Govern­ knows what the lands were worth. His­ and the Senator from Montana, that ment, and possibly exceeding that. torians speak of the land grants as the there were 131,000,000 acres of land, Mr. BAILEY. That may all be con­ sources and product of a great deal of valued by Mr. Eastman's coordinating ceded; it is a matter of .statistics; but I corruption. I recall Mr. Beard's chap­ staff at about 97 cents an acre. The would not base an argument here on the ters on that point. However that may railroads sold it for more than that-­ ground that the war period developed a be, if the railroads are making a profit there can be no doubt about that-but great volume of business. What I we should not "pay ,them more than we the Government which retained owner­ should like to know-and I have not are now paying them, and if they are ship of half the land, aiso sold its land heard anyone give the information-is not making a profit, I think the Govern­ at an increased price, due to the fact what 1t would cost the Government in ment, having the sovereign power, should that transportation was furnished by normal times, which we hope are just see to it that they are rewarded for their the building of the railroads. From the ahead of us. My judgment is that there great service. , beginning of land-grant deductions is not a great deal involved. The rail­ In that connection, Mr. President, I down to June 30, 1942, there had been roads will not be h~uling naval and mili­ would pay a tribute to the railroads, a total of $340,783,000 in benefits re­ tary materials. their management, operators, and work­ ceived by the Government because of Mr. REED. I gave that figure at some ers, for the very remarkable service they the reduced rates. time; perhaps the Senator was not lis­ have rendered this country during the Mr. BAILEY. The Senator means tening. I said that in my opinion, based war. I denounced those who under­ benefits as compared with what the ci­ upon the best information I could ob­ took to strike, and I went beyond the vilian was paying. • tain-and all we can get is an approxi­ parliamentary limitations and said that · Mr. REED. The· Senator is correct; mation-it would be somewhere between the movement to strike was a "damned that was the difference between the rates three and seven rnillion dollars a year. outrage." I still think so. I have no the Government paid and what the pri­ Mr. BAILEY. I apologize to the Sen­ apologies for that. They should not vate shipper was paying. As against ator. I was in the Chamber and in­ have threatened to strike. · that, the value of the lands given the tended to listen to him, but I became Mr. REED. Mr. President, if the Sen­ railroads was put at $125,000,000. engaged with another distinguished Sen­ ator from North Carolina will yield, I . Mr. BAILEY. That would all depend ator in a private conversation on the do not think a strike should be per­ on when it was sold and how it was .subject of things happening all ·around mitted any group of men employed by valued. I agree that in those days the the world. I am glad to have the in­ an institution which is wholly devoted land in the western portion of tbis formation. He says · now it would be to the public service, such as the rail- country was practically worthless. about how much?

" 9308 ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 Mr. REED. Somewhere between $3,- of diverting the traffic to the most direct ment? Will not the Senator agree with 000,000 and $7,000,000 a year, if the law route or, to the land-grant route. To me about that? we are discussing shall be repealed. move the traffic as expeditiously as it was Mr. President, while the Senator is Mr. BAILEY. That is no great amount moving-and I agree with the Senator looking through his papers I believe I of money. · from North Carolina that the railroads will make a remark. There is an effort -Mr. REED. ,It is not sufficient to per­ did a magnificent job-it was necessary on foot now to claim for the Federal mit to continue the discrimination which to use the whole railroad plant. What Government certain lands in the sea off ~P.:kl~.~ :::: • ~ga~:l.. .:;s9"r ~a~:::· .:;t&.

/ , .

1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9319 The reason for the Department's opposition The Senate will remember that just a WAR" DEPARTMENT, toward H. R. 4184- . moment ago I cited the 179,000,000 acres Washington, D. C., April 6, 1944 • . F. LEA, of land which were giv~n to the rail­ Hon. CLARENCE Which is the same as House bill 694- Chairman, Committee on Interstate and are the same now as expressed in letter to you roads-sufficient land to embrace the Foreign Commerce, House of Repre­ dated February 19, 1942, in connection wfth combined area of 14 States of the. Union. sentatives, Washington, D. C. H. R. 6156, Seventy-seventh Congress, a_Hom:e The Treasury Department says that al· DEAR MR. LEA: This is 1n reply to your let­ bill endeavoring to accomplish identical re­ though the Government received a mil­ ter of February 18, 1944, requesting report sults. The comments contained in that let­ lion dollars a ·year up until 1928, I be­ and comment on H. R. 4184, Seventy-eighth ter. are deemed sufficient, without additions lieve-it amounted altogether to $340,- Congress, second session, entitled "A bill to to fully cover the present bill.' . 000,000, and froin then to 1940 it amend section 321, title III, paragraph II, For your information a copy of afore-men­ amounted to approximately $85,000,000, Transportation Act of 1940, with respect to tioned letter of February 19, 1942, is attached. · the movement of Government traffic." For these reasons the Department is op­ and during the war it ran up to $250,000,- The purpose and effect of the bill is to posed to the enactment of this bill. 000 a year, or a total already received · abolish entirely the so-called land-grant The Department has been advised by the of approximately $1,000,000,000-yet the railrcad rates now applicable to military and Bureau of the Budget that there is no objec­ railroads have not adequately paid for naval shipments. Since the Transportation tion to the submission of this report, as the the value of the 179,000,000 acres of land - Act of 1940, such shipments alone have been enactment of the proposed legislation would they received under the land grants. As entitled to the benefits of these reduced rates. not be in accord, at least at this time, with I have said, the railroads received more The amendment now proposed would accom- · the program of the President. plish the complete elimination of the land- ·Very truly yours, than enough land to comprise 14 of the grant rate structure. 1 JOHN L. SULLIVAN, States of this country. Of all the out­ No b,asic military considerations appear to Acting S,ecretary of the TreasU1·y. rageous legislation which has ever been be involved, at least at the pre~ent time. At Mr. President,Jn all .the 11 years since reported, I think the pending bill is the another time and under·other conditions, the I have been in the Congress, whenever · worst, and so did the Treasury think so. increased revenues which would accrue to I read further from the letter: the carriers under this bill might be neces­ one of the departments and most cer­ sary to secure improved service in the trans- tainly when two of the departments un­ Certainly there can be no just claim that . portation of military property and person­ qtJestionably condemn a piece of legisla­ the. land-grant carriers should be relieved of . nel, but •that does not appear to be the case tion, it is rejected with a. vengeance. But their obligation to the Government on any under existing conditions. It is not be·­ that is not the case with the pending ground of fairness to them. To release the lieved that the financial condition of the carriers under present conditions would re·­ carriers can be said to necessitate the pro­ land-grant railroad bill. , sult only in their gratuitous enrichment by posed step at a time when they are realizing Now I shall read the letter referred to many millions of dollars within the next few substantially increased revenues from traf­ in the one I just re.ad. The letter I shall years and in the addition of the same amount fic incident to the Nation's war effort. now read was written by Mr. D. W. Bell, to the already heavy "COSt that the Govern­ The immediate impact of the bill on the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, and ment must pay for transportation required In War Department is, of course, financial. it contains additional ~ reasons on the conn~ction with the prosecution of the war. The Government is already bearing enor­ basis of which the Treasury objects to Especially at this time, when the carriers mous costs for military transportation re­ · generally are realizing increased revenues quired in connection with the prosecution of this vicious piece of legislation: I from greatly enlarged traffic incident to the the war. According to present figures, dis.,. FEBRUARY 19, 1942. war effort, and when the financial burden bursements for Army transportation, pas- Hon. CLARENCE F. LEA., of the Government is greater than ever be­ · senger and freight, for the calendar year 194:i Chairman, Committee on Interstate and fore, legislation of the type here proposed have amounted to nearly one and a h;llf Foreign Commerce, House of Repre­ would be most inopportune. . billion dollars. sentatives, washington, D. C. For these reasons the Depart:r;nent is op- MY DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Further reference posed to the enactment of this bill. · I wonder if the Senate catches the sig­ is made to your letter of December 3, 1941, This Department transmitted its report to nificance of that .sentence. I shall enclosing copies of H. R. 6156, a bill to amend Budget for clearance. in accordance with es­ repeat it: section 321, title III, .part II, Transportatio.n tablished procedure, on January 12, 1942. According to present figures, disbursements Act of 1940, .with respect to the movement The report has not yet received Budget clear­ of Government traffic, and requesting a state­ for Army transportation, passenger and ance, but in view of your request for expedi­ freight, for the calendar year 1943 have ment of this Department's views on this tion, and in order that the report may be proposed legislation. , amounted to nearly one and a half billion available at the hearing on Thursday, Feb­ dollars. The proposed legislation, if enacted, would ruary 19, which your committee has · sched- strike out those Clauses of section 321 (a) . uled on H. R. 6156, the Department is sub­ In other words, Mr. President, the of the Transportation Act of 1940 which kept mitting its report without the customary Government of the United States -was in effect land-grant rates with respect to "the Budget clearance. paying $1,500,000,000 of the tax money transportation of military or naval property Very truly yours, of the United States moving for military or ·of this country just for freight and pas­ D. w. BELL, ' senger transportation for the War De­ naval and not for civil use • • • [and) Acting Secretary of the Treasury. the transportation of members of the mili­ partment for ttle year 1943, and the same tary or .naval forc.es of the United States (or That letter was followed by the letter ·amount was spent for that purpose in property of such members) when such mem­ I read just preceding it, and that proves 1944, and practically the same amount bers are travf;)ling on official dtity." Under · the position of the Treasury of the was spent for. that purpose in 1945. section 321 (a) of the Transportation Act of 1940, as so amended, the Government in United States. I read further from the letter: other words would be required to pay the full But, Mr. President, notwithstanding Approximately 90 percent of this traffic was applicable commercial rates, fares, and the position of the Department of the carried by the railroads. No exact figures ar.e charges for all transportation performed for Interior, and notwithstanding the posi­ available as to the savings resulting from the. it by any common carrier subject to the tion of the Treasury, which in its letter ·application of land-grant rates, and it is vJr- Interstate Commerce Act, as amended, in­ condemns the bill and points out its tually impossible to hazard even an estimate cluding any land-grant carrier, ex~pt to the . in view of the wide variation in applicable extent that any of such carriers might volun­ viciousness and what an injustice it . deductions, and the necessity of including tarily agree to perform such transportation. would be for the Government merely to .amounts saved under equalizati9n agree­ free or at reduced rates under sections 1 ('0 · enrich the coffers .of the railroad sys­ menta which ioads and also motor carriers and 22 of the Interstate Commerce Act, as tems which already have been enriched competing with land-grant carriers have . amended (U. S. C., title 49, sees. 1 (7) and because of the extra business brought to made in order to participate in the business . 22). ·It has been. wholly impracti~able to attempt This Department can see no justification them by the war-notwithstanding all ·a segregation of these items during the press · for such legislation. The land-grant rate that, the House committee and the Sen- ·of wartime. It is unquestionable, . however, benefits that the Government now enjoys, . ate committee ran roughshod over those . that such savings are substantial.and impor­ already substantially reduced by the provi­ objections, and the bill was passed by the . tant and that enactment of the present bill . sions of section 321 (a) of the Transporta­ House of Representatives without a yea­ would add many m1llions of dollars to the tion Act of 1940, were intended to compensate and-nay vote, and it is now before the heavy transportation costs already being . for the large grants of public lands made to , borne by the War Department. the land-grant carriers, and the transporta­ Senate, awaiting action by the Senat-e. tion savings thus far realized 'by the Govern­ Here is a very interesting report from Mr. President, in that connection I ment fall far short of full compensation· tor the former Secretary of War, Mr. Stim- hold in my hand a statement by the rail­ · the value of those lands. son, who recently resigned: · roads themselves. In it they say that at 9320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA.TE OCTOBER 3 the time when the statement I just read and inost costly in all history, is about to given that the railroads would receive was made the amount already had come to a close. I could not say, and I at least $8,000,000 or $10,000,000 a year reached $24,0.00,000 a month and it was would not say, that it is at an end be­ from then on. on the increase. cause the peace treaty has .not yet been Of course, I do not blame the rail­ I read further from the letter from the signed. No terms have been · agreed roads. They are fighting for their prog­ Secretary of War: upon. Our forces are occupying certain ress, and for the opportunity to pay It is realized that the calculation of land· territories; and there is still trouble dividends to their stockholders, as well grant rates between myriad destinations for throughout the world. The present is as to enhance the vaJue of their hold­ large numbers of commodities is a highly no time· for the pending bill to be en- · ings. I do not blame them. The sub~ect technical and time-consuming process and acted. When we have completed the is not personal with me. I am merely that, from this standpoint, such rates may be occupation of Japan and Qermany, the trying to represent the taxpayers of the regarded as burdem:ome to traffic and finance costs which will have mounted up by then United States, and the men who will personnel of the War Dep~rtment and to tJ1e · will be so great as to burden our children have to pay the bill during the years to General Accounting Office. Considerations of this kind, however, are wholly outweighed and our children's children for a long come. They will have to ...pay for the by the large savings to the Government re­ time to come. The costs will be in excess Christmas present which it proposed to sulting from the reduced rates. It is realized · of $300,000,000,000. Yet right in the give to the railroads. Therefore, I dare also that, from the standpoint ot: the total midst of such a· colossal debt we are con­ fight on. national economy, substantial grounds may fronted with the pending bill. The bill There could be only one reason, Mr. be urged in support of the bill, but it seems would add another twenty or twenty;.five President, for increasing the already highly doubtful that such grounds ·can be re· million dollars a month, or a quarter of a huge profits of the railroads which are. garded as compelling during the present billion dollars a year, to the cost which now trying by forces hitherto unknown period of in~eased revenues accruing to the has, already accumulated, by giving a in magnitude to avoid carrying out the carriers. windfall to the railroads of this ·country terms of a contract which they will­ In view of the increased costs which the bill would entail, the War Department' does whose earnings now are unequaled in ingly and eagerly entered into with the not feel that it. can recommend its passage. the history of railroads. If we reduce United States early in the 1800's, at a that amount-and we have no hope that time when they saw an opportunity to If, however, the Congress should 1 feel that some legislation along the lines proposed is it will be reduced by mqre than $7,000,000 benefit immensely from the ·bargain desirable at this time, it is suggested that or $8,000,000 or $10,000,000 a year-we which they so gladly made. - consideration be given to the addition of a permit the railroads to violate their con- Let us look into the contract for a proviso which would preserve · land-grant , tract whtch was made in good faith, and moment and . see what was intended. rates for the duration of the present state of The' land-grant law conveyed to private war and which would expressly reserve to the :inake them a present of this great Congress the right during any subsequent · amount of money year after year for the corporations certain lands for the pur­ period of war to reinstate, either in whole or next hundred or 2~0 years to come. pose of aiding in the construction . of in part, the existing lapd-grant deductions. The pending bill proposes to give this railroads. In return for the land the 'Ihe Bureau of the Budget advises that huge amount of money in order to bene­ corporations, their assignees, and suc­ there is no objection to the submission of fit a comparatively few number of per­ cessors agreed by contract to transport this report, as the enactment of the proposed sons at the expense of many taxpayers, over the railroads constructed on the legislation should not be considered, at least and furthermore, add an additional cost granted lands the property and troops of at this time, as being in acc01.:d with the pro­ the United States-little enough-free gram of the President. to the already unthinkable cost of the Sincerely yours, · war which will have to be paid for by the from toll or other charge, to wit: HENRY L. STIMSON, men who have been fighting for the lib­ The said railroad and branches shall be1 Secretary of War. erties which we now enjoy, and hope to and remain a public highway for the use of continue to enjoy in the future. In the United States free from toll or other Mr. President, I have already sub~ other words, the boys who fought the charge, for the transportation of any prop­ mitted an amendment to the pending war are the only ones who will have to erty or troops of the United States. bill providing · that, if enacted, the law . make good the gift of a Christmas pres­ Those were the words of the original sh'all not take effect until 18 months ent to the railroads as proposed by the act which passed when these lands. were thereafter. That would afford plenty of terms of this bill. · . given to the railroads. It was following time 'to complete all the hauling of Mr. President;tne gift to which I have· up the old line of th'ought that was used freight incident to the war, and the· re­ referred is a strange part of this bill. in the days of tolls and highways, when turn of all the boys to their homes. I have read carefully the hearings in rights of way were granted by the Gov­ I propose to submit another ~mel)d- . the House as well as the hearings in the ernment. They merely used the same ex­ ment providing tbat if we cancel the con­ ~Senate. I have analyzed the testimony pression in the contract, which meant tracts with the railroads under which of all the witnesses who testified at the the use of the rights of way of the rail­ they received one-tenth of all the lands hearings, as well as memorandums roads. of the United States-179,000,000 acres, which ar'e sometimes filed at committee The total amount of land which passed or enough to equal the total area of 14 hearings.· At no place have I been able into these corporations was 132,425,554 States of the Union-and we become in­ to find that a taxpayer's organization, acres. That is not a small amount. As a volved in another war, when it will be or that any group of disinterested citi­ matter of fact, the States, in the same the duty of everyone to perform his part zens of this Republic asked that the campaign of the railroad building era, of the necessary tasks personally, indi­ Congress cancel the contract, which is when these promoters were plying their vidually, and corporately, the proposed the subject of this debate, and make a trade in the Halls of Congress and in the legislation shall no longer be etfective. Christmas present to the railroads of halls of the legislatures, dpnated 48,- I am· sure the railroads will not object the country. The only argument which 000,000 acres, in round numbers. which to it. I do not know whether we will has peen made in fnvor of the bill was ;makes the 179,000,000 acres about which have another war. I hope and I pray we made by the railroads, and their friends I have been speaking. · will not. But, as a matter of precau­ and representatives with whom they col­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres-. tion, we should incorporate in the bill laborate in all their activities. Those !dent-- a provision that upon the declaration· are the' sources ·f.rom which the pressure of another war, automatically, the pres­ is coming. For ·months Washington The PRESIDING OFFICER m Colorado does · have made in excess of a billion dollars Mr. BILBO. The States? not want them to pay at all. He wants in the deal. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Yes. to cancel the debt. He wants to give Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. What is Mr. BILBO. But -the entire East, and them a clean sheet. He wants to can.cel the Senator's proposition? the greater part of the South, which had the note and tell them to go their way Mr. ELLENDER and Mr. JOHNSON of an interest in the Federal Government, · and steal no more. Colorado addressed the Chair. figured that when the railroad promoters Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. . Does the took lands which belonged to all the President, will the Senator yield? Senator from Mississippi yield, and if so people of this Republic, the promoters Mr. BILBO. I yield. to Whom? should at least grant some consideration Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Of course Mr. BILBO. I yield to both Senators. to all the people of the country, because the Senator from Mississippi is misrep­ Mr. ELLENDER. In that connection, it was not a local matter, as the Senator resenting my attitude. However, the has the Senator ever investigated to - refers to it, in the States. note has been paid, the debt has been ascertain the number of acres of valuable Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Will the canceled, the debt has been paid many oil lands and other mineral-bearing Senator yield further? times over. lands which have been sold to corpora­ Mr. BILBO. I yield. Mr. BILBO. Does the Senator think tions which we may call subsidiary corpo­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The peo­ the contract has ·been fulfilled? rations of the railroads? ple were paid back, because the people Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I think it Mr. BILBO. No; I have had a· hard kept nin~tenths of the land themselves, has been-more than fulfilled. 1 think the time getting the committee to investigate and since they kept nine-tenths of the Federal Government has been paid merely ordinary affairs. All they have land themselves, when the railroads were handsomely for the gift it made in hav­ had before them in the committee were built,'their own lands, nine-tenths of the ing the railroads built ,in the first place. some letters, testimony, statements, and lands, were public lands, which these I think the Federal Government has evidence of a few railroad companies and railroads served, which paid all the p3o­ realized a billion dollars in cash for an a few-chambers of commerce. They have ple for the investment that was made by investment which was probably worth not heard from the follis. They have the railroads in providing railroad/serv­ approximately $130,000,000. But that is not gotten the facts yet. ice through their land. That is how all in addition to the contribution the _rail­ · Mr. ELLENDER. I am informed that the people were repaid. roads made in improving the land which several of the large railroads have sold Mr. BILBO. No doubt, when the peo­ is owned by the Federal Government, by to subsidiary corporations large holdings ple of Texas gave 10,000,000 acres to the all the people. which were impregnated with oil, and railroads-! think that was the amount; Mr. BILBO. I know the Senator is with a large amount of other minerals, perhaps it was more; I shall get the sincere in his contention. He feels that but they are still flourishing. figures and let the Senator have them the Government has been adequately ,Mr. BILBO. I have heard the same some time within the week while I am paid for these lands. Let me make him reports, and I believe every word of them. speaking-the people of Texas realized a proposition. I have just gotten I believe that evidence to be true. I that they were helping condftions locally through telling the Senator that the understand some · of the railroads are ·by opening up the country, but at the railroads got 620 times more land than still operating .th.e oil fields which they same time it was not doing the people they needed for rights-of-way for the discovered and developed in the land of ConnectiCut much good. railroads. In other w-ords, there were grants given them by the Government. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Does the 620 times more acres of land than they ·They found coal fields, and they are still Senator beiieve that it is possible to do needed to build the railroads upon. That operating them. anything for any State in this Union in was gravy, that was velvet, that was a Mr. ELLENDER. Not as properties of . the way of progressive construct:ion and Christmas present by the Congress in the railroads. building without helping all the United those days. Mr. BILBO. Oh, no. The railroads States? Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. That was have plenty of money, and they hire the Mr. BILBO. It has been a mighty an inducement. very best talent in· the country as their hard job, and I have been working at it · Mr. BILBO. The Senator says l1e be­ lawyers. They do things according to day and night, to keep some things from lieves-and I think he is pretty nearly Hoyle. Th~y have an unlimited expense happening which will affect my people right-that up to this time the Govern­ account. I have records here to show very· materially that seem to fit all ment has received as its part of the re­ that the railroads have advertised in right in .States like New York. bate, in carrying out the contract, more newspapers for competitive business in The actual railroads constructed upon than a billion dollars. I think it will go counties were there was but one railroad, these lands amounted actually to 17,627 to about a billion dollars. It was a mil­ wh~re there was no competition, where a miles, which could have · been built on lion dollars every year from 1870 to, let newspaper advertisement would do them an area of 214,000 acres. In other words, us say, 1928, then it jumped to seven no good at all. Why were they advertis­ the railroads received 179,000,000 acres million; then it jumped to twelve, to fif­ ing in a newspaper of that kind? 'rhere of land, and upon those lands have been teen, to eighteen, and then up to twenty­ was an editor whom they wanted to built 17,627 miles of railroads, and they five or thirty million. I think that by reach, with whom they wanted to com­ needed only 214,000 acres for rights-of­ this time it amounts to more than a municate, whom they wanted ·to use. So way to build the 17,627 miles of railroad. billion dollars. they gave him a nice fat full-page ad­ In other words, if we take 214,000 acres The Senator says that that was enough ver~isement to carry in his newspaper away from 179,000,000 acres we see how to pay for these lands. My contention day after day. much gravy, velvet, Christmas gift, the is that these railroads on the 179,000.000 There was one railroad newspaper in ·railroad promoters got in this great acres of land have realized $2,000,000,000 my State. I became crossed up with the scheme of the fifties, sixties, and seven­ or more. The Senator's committee is a railroads in 1908 and that railroad news­ ties. very active one, with a very charming, ·paper has been cussing me every day In other words, the acreage actually keen, and active chairman, the Senator since. I have been a marked man be­ received by those corporations was 620 from Montana [Mr. WHEELER]. Why cause of my attitude at that time. It in­ times as large as the acreage actually does not the committee make an investi:- volved a case somewhat similar to this, 9322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 and I shall develop it sometime this the control, use, and development of guaranty of maintaining the pre-emi­ week. atomic energy within the United States. nence in science and industry upon · I continue to read: We cannot postpone decisions in this which our national well-being depends. What became of the remainder? A large field. The enormous investment which All land and mineral deposits owned amount of it was sold by these corporations we made to produce the bomb has given by the United States which constitute to others at a handsome profit ln dollars in us the two vast industrial plants in sources of atomic ehergy, and all stock addition to the oils, coal, and minerals which Washington and Tennessee, and the - piles of materials from which such en­ they extracted from some of these lands many associated works throughout the ergy may be derived, and all plants or and also at a very nice profit, to say nothing of the vast amount of forest products they country. It has brought together a vast other property of the United States con­ received and us~d in their construction, and organization of scientists, executives, in­ nected with its development and use later also sold at more profits. dustrial engineers, and skilled workers­ should be transferred to the supervision a national asset of inestimable value. and control of the Commission. It is said thHt the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis are built on land grant­ The powers which the Congress wisely The Commission should be authorized ed to railroads. In the growth of cities of gave to the Government to wage war to acquire at a fair price, by purchase or this character, on land owned by the rail­ were adequate to permit the creation by condemnation, any minerals or other roads under land grants, on which they and development of this enterprise as materials from which the sources of laid out the cities, the subsidiary com­ a war. project. Now that our enemies atomic energy ·can be derived, and also panies in the real estate business have have surrendered, we should take im- any land containing such l]linerals or made multiplied profits. I know one . mediate action to provide for the ~uture materials, which are not already owned use of this huge investment in brains by the United St~tes. railroad, the Illinois C~ntral, which has some very valuable holdings as the re­ and plant. I am informed that many The power to purchase should include of the people on whom depend the con­ real and personal property outside the sult of the land grants made to it. tinued successful operation ·of the plants I continue to read: limits of the United States. and the further development of atomic The ·Commission should a1so be au­ All these and many more penefi ts did they knowledge, are getting ready to return derive from this contract solemnly entered thorized to conduct all necessary re­ into. This land was the people's land. It to their normal pursuits. In many cases search, experimentation, and operations belonged to th:r people into whose laps they these people are considering leaving the for the further development and use of now seek to dump a burden of $250,000,000 project largely because of uncertainty atomic energy for military, industrial, a year because they are now sick of their concerning future national policy in this scientific, or medical purposes. In these contract. field. Prompt action to establish na­ activities it should, of course, use· exist­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT tional policy will go a long way toward ing private and public institutions and A message in writing from the. Presi­ keeping a strong organization intact. agencies to the fullest practicable extent. dent of the United States was communi­ It -is equally necessary to direct future Under appropriate safeguards, the cated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of reseai'ch and to establish control of the Commission should also be permitted to his secretaries. basic raw materiais essential to the license any property available to the development of this power whether it Commission for. research, development, DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC is to be used for purposes of peace or and exploitation in the field of atomic ENERGY-MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI­ war. Atomic force in ignorant or evil energy, Among other things such DENT {H. DOC. NO. 301) hands could inflict untold disaster upon licensing should be conditioned of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the Nation and the world. Society can­ course upon a policy of widespread dis­ lUlOWLAND in the chair) laid before the not hope even to protect itself-much tribution of· peacetime products on .Senate a message from the President of less to 'realize the benefits of the dis­ equitable terms which will prevent the United States, which was read by the covery-unless prompt action is taken monopoly. legislative clerk, referred to the Commit­ to guard against the h~zards of misuse. In order to establish effective control tee on Milit~ry .Affairs, and ordered to I therefore urge, as a first measure and security, it should be declared un­ be printed, as follows: ir: a program of utilizing our knowledge lawful to produce or use the substances for the benefit of society, that the Con­ comprising the sources of atomic en- · To the Congress of the United States: gress enact legislation to fix a policy with ergy or to import or export them except Almost 2 months haye passed since the respect to our existing plants, and to under conditions prescribed by the atomic bomb was used against Japan. control all sources of atomic energy and Commission. That bomb did not win the war, but it all activities connected with its develop­ Finally, the Commission should be au­ certainly shortened the war. We know ment and use in the United States. thorized to establish security regulations that it saved the lives of untold thou­ The legislaticn should give jurisdic­ governing the handling of all informa­ sands of American and Allied soldiers tion for these purposes to an Atomic tion, material, and equipment under its who would otherwise have been killed in · Energy Commission with members ap­ jurisdiction. Sui ~ able penalties should battle. pointed by the President with the advice be prescribed for violating the ·security The discovery of the means of r~leas­ and consent of the Senate. regulations of the Commission or any of ing atomic energy began a new era in The Congress should lay down the the other terms of the act. the history of civilization. The scien­ basic principles for all the activities of The measures which I have suggested tific and industrial knowledge on which the C.ommission, the objectives of which may seem drastic and far-reaching. But this discovery rests does not relate mere­ should be the promotion of the national the discovery with which we are dealing ly to another weapon. It may some day welfare, securing the national defense, involves forces of nature tcio dangerous prove to be more revolutionary in the safeguarding world peace and the ac­ to fit into any of our usual concepts. development of human society than the quisition of further knowledg-e concern­ The other phase of the problem is the invention of the wheel, the use of metals, ing atomic energy. question of the international control and or the steam or internal combustion The people of the United States know development of this newly discovered -engine. that the overwhelming power we have energy, ·Never in history has society been con­ developed in this war is due in large In international relations as in do­ fronted with a power so full of potential measure to American science and Ameri­ mestic anairs, the release of atomic ener­ danger and at the same time so full of can industry, consisting of -manage­ gy constitutes a new force too revolu- . promise for the future. of man and for the ment and labor. We believe that our tionary to consider in the framework of peace of the world. I think I express science and industry owe their strength old ideas. We can no longer rely on the the faith of the American people when to ·the spirit of free inquiry and the slow progress of time to develop a pro­ I say that we can use the knowledge we spirit of free enterprise that charac­ gram of control among nations. Civi· have won, not for the devastation of war, terize our country. The Commission, lization demands that we shall reach at but for the future welfare of humanity, therefore, in carrying out its functions the earliest possible ds.te a satisfactory To accomplish that objective we must should interfere as little as possible with arrangement for the control of this· dis­ prcceed along two fronts-the domestic private research and private enterprise, covery in order that it may become a and the international. and should use, as much as possible, powerful and forceful influence toward The first and most urgent step is the existing institutions and agencies. The the maintenance of world peace instead determination of our domesti~ policy for observance of this policy is o~r best of an instrument of destruction. ·. . 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATE 9323 Scientific opinion appears to be prac­ Commission.· Furthermore I respectfully spe~t to the Thomas bili creates any tically unanimous that the essential the­ suggest that it· is advisable that some precedent. In the first place, the net oretical knowledge upon which the dis­ Yoice of congressional authority shall be result of the cDmmittee's consideration covery is based is already widely known. available for Presidential consultation was to report a bill which was totally There is also substantial agreement that. while the President is discussing with impracticable, inasmuch as it proposed foreign research can come abreast of our other nations what the international sit­ to make the Chief Justice of the United present theoretical knowledge in time. uation shall be in respect to control of States chairman of a commission of this The hope of civilization lies in inter­ the atomic bomb. · I respectfully suggest nature, and the Chief Justice promptly national arrangements looking, if possi­ that it would be infinitely more advisable announced that he could not serve in ble, to the renunciation of the use and if even the international conversations such a function. development of the atomic bomb, and ' could proceeq with some degree of con­ I do not lmow why the Committee on directing and encouraging the use of gressional cooperation. Military Affairs should have control of a atomic energy and all future scientific What I am saying is that it seems to subject of this all-embracing nature. information toward peaceful and hu­ me that everything the President has This is not merely a military question. manitarian ends. The difficulties in said points toward the importance of the This is infinitely more ·~han a military working out such arrangements are ·action taken by the Senate last week in question. It is a question touching every great. The alternative to overcoming adopting a concurrent resolution pro­ phase of civilian life. Certainly funda­ these difficulties, however, may be a des­ posing to create, at the highest level, a mentally it is a question touching our perate armament race which might well joint congressional committee of 12 international relations; and so far as the end in disaster. Discussion of the inter­ members, composed of six •Senators and immediate problem is concerned, the in­ / national problem ·cannot be safely de­ six Representatives, to deal, on behalf of ternational phase is even more important layed until the United Nations organiza­ Congress, in respect to the entire subject than the domestic phase. The Commit­ tion is functioning and in a position ade­ of atomic energy-not only its develop­ tee on Foreign Relations has had juris­ quately to deal with it. ment and use but also its .control in all diction over the subject to as great an I therefore propose to initiate discus­ its phases.and factors. extent as has the Committee on Military sions, first with our associates in this I call attention at this very moment Affairs. I know of no reason why this discovery, Great Britain and Canada, to a demonstration of the reason why a proposal should go to the Committee on and then with other nations, in an effort special committee of this nature ought Military Affairs. to effect agreement on the conditions to be created to deal with this subject. Mr. WHITE. Mr. President-- under which cooperation might replace It is so big that it transcends the juris­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the rivalry in ·the field of atomic power. diction of any committee in this body. Senator from Mississippi yield to the . I desire to emphasize that these dis­ For example, the Presiding Officer-no Senator from Maine? ·cussions will not be concerned with dis­ doubt on the advice of the Parliamen­ Mr. BILBO. I am glad to yield. closures relating to the manufacturing tarian-has sent the message on this sub­ Mr. WHITE. I thin~ what the Sena­ processes- leading. to the production of ject to the Senate Committee on Military tor has just said about the proper com­ the atomic bomb itself. They will con­ Affairs, whereas the Senate Committee mittee jurisdiction of this matter is forti­ stitute an effort to work out arrange-· on Foreign Relations has had jurisdiction fied by the President's message itself, ments covering the terms under which over at least two of the ·proposals which ·which devotes itself in substantial part international collaboration and exchange have heretofore been submitted in the to a· recognition and consideration of of scientific information might safely Senate, and it is from the Senate Foreign what may be done in foreign fields with proceed. Relations Committee that a recom­ respect to this new instrumentality. The outcome of the discussions will be mendation for action has come. Yet Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I reported to the Congress as soon as pos­ we have here a divided responsibility be­ thank the Senator from Maine for his sible, and any resulting agreements re­ tween committees. In the House there _observation~ and I wish to make a com- quiring congressional action will be sub­ is an even greater division of responsi­ . ment. I think it is perfectly silly for us .mit ted to the Congress. bility, because a large number of meas­ to be in an argument over the jurisdic­ . But regardless of the course of discus­ ures have been introduced in the House, tion of a matter of this nature. I am sions in the international field, I believe and they are scattered among various simply demonstrating through this quar- committees. . rei over committee jurisdiction how im­ it is essential that legislation 'along the possible it is to have an appropriate line's I halVe ind,icated be adopted as I am simply again urging, on the basis forum for a discussion of a subject of this promptly as possible to insure the neces­ of the President's message, the high im­ nature if we rely upon any of our present sary research in, and development and portance of early action in the creation standing committees. I freely concede control of, the production and use of of an adequate congressional authority that the Committee on Foreign Relations · atomic energy, to cooperate in full good faith with the HARRY S. TRUMAN, has too narrow a jurisdiction. However, President in dealing with this cata­ I assert that the Committee on Military THE WHITE HOUSE, October 3, 1945. clysmic subject. I very respectfully ex­ Affairs also has a very narrow jurisdic- ' press the hope that the House of Repre­ tion-even narrower, so far as this par­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Themes­ sentatives may find it possible to agree. ticular problem is concerned. sage will be referred to the Committee with the action of the Senate without Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President­ on Military Affairs and be printed. further delay. Mr. BILBO. I yield to the Senator Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I Mr; JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. from Kentucky. wjsh to comment very briefly on themes- President, pursuant to the President's ·Mr. BARKLEY. I am not a member . sage. Of course, the President is totally message with respect to the development of the Committee on Military Affairs, but right in emphasizing the utter impor­ . and control of atomic energy, I desire I am a member of the Committee on For­ tance of prompt action in this field, be­ to introduce a bill to carry out the rec­ eign Relations. So if I were actuated by cause there is nothing pending in human ommendations which the President has personal preferences, I should say that a l'elations which casts a greater shadow made, and ask that it be referred to the bill dealing with such a subject might over the future on the one hand, .or per­ Committee on Military Affairs. go to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ haps offers a greater hope for the future Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, tions. · on the other. · before that bill is referred to the Com­ I do not think the fact that the Presi­ It is. perfectly obvious that congres­ mittee on Military Affairs, I wish to know dent mentions the international situation sional action is necessary preceding any on what theory this subject comes within which he proposes to take up and dis­ conclusive determination of the Ameri­ the jurisdiction of the Committee on cuss with other nations would give that can position respecting either the devel­ Military Affairs. The only considera­ committee jurisdiction of the bill. opment, use, or control of atomic energy, tion that has been given to it, · beyond Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, if It is necessary before any such Atomic cursory attention in the Military Affairs the Senator will permit m- to interrupt Energy Commission as the President has Committee to the Thomas bill, has been for a moment, I wish to suggest that e.. · outliped should be appointed. It is nec­ in the Committee on Foreign Relations. subject of so important a nature should essary before any of tlie powers which I do not beUeve that the record of the be dealt with when we have at le::tst . a· - the President suggests are given to the Committee on Military Affairs with re- quorum present. 9324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I do not be expected to wait until the other Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I not know that there is to be a vote on branch of Congress acts on the resolu­ agree with the Senator on that matter. this matter now. tion, if it does act, before we start to do I should like to say that I fully realize Mr. BANKHEAD. I think a quorum something about at least our domestic that whatever action the House of Rep­ should be present even if there is debate consideration and handling of , this resentatives takes will be taken in re­ on it. . form of energy, sponse to the policy which the President Mr. BARKLE'Y. At any rate, I do not Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, and the administration believe is appro­ have the fioor. if the Senator will permit me to do so, priate under the circumstances, and I am The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ let me say that I read in a newspaper quite ready to yield to that decision. I ator from Mississippi has the fioor. that the House Rules Committee had suggest to the Senator that if the bill can Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, will cleared a resolution of precisely this lie upon the table until tomorrow, the the Senator from Mississippi yield to me? same type. able majority leader can speedily deter­ Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, let us not Mr. BARKI.·EY. I do not know. mine between now and then whether it take time to have a quorum call at this Mr. VANDENBERG. I think the is the intention of the leadership of the time. . measure now under consideration might House of Representatives to create a joint Mr. BANKHEAD. I wish to have all well lie on the table at least until we committee such as· the Senate has re­ Senators present to hear this discussion. can explore the subject. quested. If that is not the purpose, I Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, Mr. BARKLEY. I have no objection shall subside. If it is the purpose; I re- - may we not have the bill laid on the table to having it lie on the table; but in view spectfully submit that all these proposals until we can confer about the matter and of the question of jurisdiction which· has should go to that join"- committee. see what shall be done? arisen, I would not care to see arise be­ Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I am not certain that I can ascertain that in­ Mr. BILBO. Mr. Presi~ent, I myself tween committees a quarrel as to which think that would be a very happy solu­ one of them-or possibly two or three formation by tomorrow. tion. committees, any one of which might well Mr. VANDENBERG. I will bet three to Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, if the have jurisdiction-should have this one on it, and I will "put up" right now. measure referred to it. Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator some­ Senator from·Mississippi will permit me times loses, of course. to say a further word while I am on lllY Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I am not raising a quar_rel. I am simply Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. feet, I should like to observe that, al­ President, will the Senator yield to me? though I ha·;e not read the bill, from the using the prospect of a quarrel to dem­ onstrate the best way to avoid one. · Mr. BILBO. ' I yield. President's message and from what I Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I . thank have learned elsewhere I judge that it Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, will the deals purely with the handling of atomic Senator yield to me? the Senator. Mr. BILBO. · I yield. I do not think anyone wili deny that energy. That development was made by this measure has very important mili­ the War Department, for use by the mili­ Mr. WHITE. I think there is great merit in the suggestion made by the tary aspects. . tary branch of-our Government for very Mr. VANDENBERG. No; I would not good reasons which we all understand. Senator from Alabama, and reinforced by the suggestion made by the Senator deny that. - Of course, the line of demarcation be­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. This is tween the jurisdiction of committees in from Michigan. This subject matter is one in which I expect the entire Senate not the first bill coming to Congress that the Senate is like a rail fence which goes has concerned more than one committee. first one way and then another, so that is profoundly interested. Whether there is to be a controversy over the subject While the bill;'as drawn, probably should one cannot say there is ever a straight not and would not appropriately be re­ line which delineates exclusively the of committee jurisdiction, I do not know; but if the matter is to be discussed and ferred to the Committee on Foreign jurisdiction of any committee. But the Relations, I think we all understand that atomic bomb and the use of atomic en­ if a question of jurisdiction is to be threshed out on the :floor of the Senate, the Foreign Reiations Committee has an ergy are matters which were developed -important interest in such legislation, as under the jurisdiction of the War De­ it seems to me it would be unwise in the extreme at this hour to start the discus­ do other committees. I presume that if partment, for military purposes, and I the bill does eventually go to the-Com­ imagine that the bill which has been in­ sion and to undertake at this time of the day to reach an ultimate decision regard­ mittee on Military . Affairs-and I fully troduced would have a military phase as anticipate that is where it will gc­ well as other phases. When the Presi­ illi the matter. I hope the Majority Leader will accede to the suggestions hearings will be held. If it is the wish dent negotiates or reports to Congress of the Senate to have the bill referred any agreement or any approach to the which have come from both his own side of the aisle and from the distinguished to other committees :as well, certainly i~ subject with other nations from an in­ can be referred to other committees for ternational viewpoint, of course, that senior Senator from Michigan, and that he will let this matter rest until tomor­ -hearings or for whatever purpose is de­ would go to the Committee on Foreign sired. Certainly the fact that a bill is Relations, where it should go; but I doubt row morning. Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, Mr. Presi­ referred to the Committee on Military very much whether the Committee on Affairs does not mean that it is forever Foreign Relations, under the rules and dent, the Chair has already consigned the bill to the Committee on Military Atrairs; out of the possession of the Senate, be­ practice of the Senate, has any greater as I understand. cause it is always in the possession of the claim to the measure which is to be con­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Oh, no; I ob· Senate, and if the Senate wishes to have sidered than does the Committee on Mil­ jected. ·it' referred elsewhere, that. can be done itary Affairs or some other committee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The immediately or after hearings have been Mr. VANDENBERG; Mr. President; if message of the President was referred held on it or at any other time the Senate the Senator will permit me to say a word-, to the Committee on Military Affairs. desires to have such action taken. I wish to state that I am insisting that ·The question of the reference of the bill So the dispute we are having here as none of the standing committees of the to a committee had not been acted upon to the committee jurisdiction · of the Senate has jurisdiction which is suf­ at the tim~ when the question was raised measure is not as important as one might ficiently broad, and that the Senate it­ by the S~nator from Michigan. . think. This is not a final action by any self. has declared by its own action that Mr. ·BARKLEY. Well, Mr. President, I means. . this subject in all its aspects should be do not care whether the bill lies at the Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, if concentrated in a joint congressional desk or on the table until tomorrow, but · the Senator will permit me to say so, I committee. . probably the only way it can get from think the Senator from Colorado misses Mr. BARKLEY. That is true; but the Senate to a committee is by an ap­ the point I have made. the resolution does not yet have the force peal from the ruling of the Chair as to Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; I do of law, and no one can prophesy when or which committee should receive it. I not miss the point the Senator has made. whether it wiil meet with· the approval think it would be most unfortunate if · Mr. · VANDE:NBERG. The point I of the other branch of Congress. I think tomorrow the Chair ruled as to the com­ make is that this bill is too important in the President feels and I think most of mittee which should receive it and if its over·all aspc;cts to be dealt with by us would naturally feel th,at in an at­ there were then a controversy over the piecemeal referenc~ of various pieces of mosphere of that uacertainty we should Chair's ruling on that point. it t~ various standing committees of the ' 1945 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_SENAT·E· 9325 Senate. I -think 'the subject must be I hope, Mr. President, that we may all The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there dealt with on ah over-all basis, because read th'e bill before it is acted upon, and objection to the request of the Senator it is an over-all subject and the only · determine for ourselves whether or not from New Mexico that the bill be printed way to deal with it on that. basis is · it carries· out the terms of the message in the RECORD? . through a special joint committee. If we of the President of the United States. I Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. start parceling out various pieces of the hope the House of Representatives will President, reserving the right to object, problem-the piece the Senator from · speedily act on the concurrent resolution I presume that, although the bill lies on . Colorado proposes to have sent to the to which reference has been ·made, and the table, it will be printed in the usual Committee on Military Affairs, the piece that a special committee may be ap­ manner. we have in the Senate Committee· on . pointed, and that it will start working The PRESIDING OFFICER. If it lies Foreign Relations, the piece the House of immediately, and entertain full jurisdic­ - on the table, it will be printed in regular Representatives' Committee on the Ju­ . tion of all matters connected not with bill form. . · diciary has, the piece the Interstate the bomb, but with atomic energy. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President:·. the · Commerce· Committee of_ the House of Mr. BARKLEY. The President could · advantage of having the bill printed in Representatives ha~-if we are going to · have sent his message to the Congress the RECORD would be in· the opportunity · deal with the subjzct, in our initial ap­ dealing· altogether with the domestic afforded to Members of the Senate and proach to it, in· that scatter-splash phases of the atomic situation without Members of the House to read it earlier fashion, I submit it is a most unfortunate · a."ly reference to the intern·ational phase than they perhaps would otherwise read approach to the supreme probiem con­ _of it. The bill which has been intra­ it; Some of the Members of both Houses fz:onting .civilization toqay. . duced does not, as I understand, deal in of Congress read the RECORD before .they -Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. any way with the international situa­ . arrive at their respective phambers, and President, I cannot attach such im­ - tion, but only with the internal situation therefore it might be of some advantage portance to the pieces the Senator has · in the United States. The fact that in to them to have the bill printed in the referred to, provided the pieces dovetail his message the President added to what RECORD. . into some pattern which really covers · he might well have said concerning the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the situation. Whether there is a special . internal domestic situation and then order concerning the printing of the bill joint ·committee to consider the whole stopped, has no relationship to the terms . in the RECORD will be independent from plan is, it seems to me, beside the point. ~ of the bill itself in, the form in which . the order concerning the· printing of it Perhaps eventually that sort' of disposi­ · it has been introduced. So the mere in regular bill form. It will be printed tion will be the wish of the Senate. If it fact that the President speaks about the both ways. is, that readily can be done.. · international situation and states that Without objection, the bill will lie on Simply because we ask that the meas­ he will enter into discussions with other the table and be printed in the RECORD. ure be referred to· the Committee en nations, and later report to the Congress The bill (S. 1463) for the development Military A-ffairs does not mean that com­ whatever agreements have been entered and control of atomic energy, introduced mittee will have any final disposal of it into, or whatever the facts may be, does · by Mr. JoHNSON ·of Colorado, was re­ or tha4; hearings will start· on it tomor­ not, in my judgment, alter the terms of ceived, read -twice by its title, ordered to row morning. Certainly, 'we do not ex­ the bill which has been introduced, and lie on tile table, and to be printed in the pect action that quickly. However, I ~m which deals wholly witll the internal · RECORD, as follows: situation. glad to have it lie on the table and let "Be it .enacted, etc.- the matter of reference be determined I myself do not think there is neces­ tomorrow, or at some future time. . sarily any conflict between the establish­ FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF POLIC'lr Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the ment of the joint committee provided for SECTION 1. Research and ,experimentation Senator yield? · · in the concurrent resolution which was in the field or nuclear fission has attained the stage at which the release of atomic en­ Mr. BILBO. I yield. · agreed to by the Senate the other day, and the commission which the President ergy on a large scale is practical. The proper Mr. HATCH. I wish to add only a has recommended, arid which is provided · development and utilization of ·such energy · word to what has already been said. I . will advance the national welfare, secure the · wish to say that I wl}oleheartedly asso­ for in the bill which has been intra­ nationa} defense, insure the national safety, . ciate myself with the Senator from Mich- .duced. I can see perhaps some con­ and promote world peace, to an extent and igan [Mr. VANDENBERG] in the thought fusion resulting from the appointment by means which cannot now be measured. of a congressional committee . and the The · misuse of such ~nergy, by design or · that this matter should be referred to appointment of an executive committee through ignorance, may infii'ct 'incalculable · one committee. I do not know of any­ by the President; but there would not . disaster upon the Nation, destroy the gen­ thing which would be more confusing, or necessarily be any conflict between the eral welfare, .imperil the national s;:tfety, . less helpful in reaching a result, than a . and endanger world peace. In the. highest two. I may say, however, that the con­ · national interest, and to protect the na­ reference of the subject to several dif­ current resolution which we adopted the ferent committees. tion~! existence, it is essential that all fur­ other day does not give the joint com­ ther development and exploitation -of this :Mr. President, there is pending at the mittee entire jurisdiction. If the inat- newly tapped source of energy be centrally present time a matter involving the Mis­ -ter eventually comes back it will then directed and controlled for the benefit of the souri Valley. Authority. Months and have to go to a standing committee. · We entire Nation. Accordingly, it is hereby de­ months have been consumed in consid­ have enough standing committees, and clared to be the policy of the United States eration of the measure by various com­ while jurisdiction is somewhat nebulous that control of all sources 'of this energy be mittees, and the end is not yet in sight. vested in the Commission established ·by this none of us have encouraged the idea that act and that' all activities connected with I invite attention to the fact that I am joint committees or special investigating · research on the transmutation of atomic glad this matter lies on the table and has committees should be given legislative species, the production of nuclear fission, not been sent to the Military Affairs jurisdiction in the sense that standing and the release of atomic energy. shall be Committee. I have no disrespect for that committees have legislative jurisdiction. conducted in the interest of the Nation and · great committee, but the message of the I hope that the Senator will read the . world peace, under the supervision and di­ President of the United States points out terms of the bill. I think he will find rection oJ: the Commission. The primary that this problem is not a military prob­ that it contains nothing which would · ol:)jectives of !ill action taken under or pux:­ lem at all. We hope and pray that the . suant to this act shall be the promotion of relate to international affairs, thereby the national defense, the protection of the use of the atomic bomb will never again· . giving jurisdiction to the Committee on safety of the inhabitants of the United be a military problem. But the Presi­ Foreign Relations. Even . though the States, the safeguarding of world peace, and dent has pointed out the international Military Affairs Committee· may not the furtherance of the acquisition of knowl­ and domestic aspects involved, neither have any greater jurisdiction than any edge concerning atomic energy. of which are military in character: The other committee, I doubt that the meas~ THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION­ only purpose in the world in sending this ure should be referred to the Committee ADMINISTRATOR bill to the Military Affairs Committee is on Foreign ;Relations. · SEC. 2. (a) There is hereby established the ·that of recqgnizing by the Senate of the · Mr. HATCH. I ask unanimous con­ Atomic Energy Commission (hereinafter ·United States that this vast force is to ·sent that the bill be printed in the RECORD : called the Commission) which shall be com· be used for war and for no other pur­ ·so that we may all know exactly what it . posed of nine members, who shall be ap­ pose. contains. · · pointed by the President, by and with the 9326 eONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 0CTOBE~ 3 advice and consent of the Senate. The Pres­ ties, the Commission shall adopt the policy of (1) to make and modify agreements, ar­ ident shall initially appoint three members minimum interference with private research rangements, and contracts (including where to serve for 3 yee,.rs, three · for 6 years, and and of employing other Government agen­ deemed advisable cost-plus-fixed-fee con­ three for 9 years; and thereafter each mem­ ·cies, educational and research institutions, tracts but not cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost ber appointed shall se~vice for a term of 9 anci. private enterprise to the maximum ex­ contracts), upon such t~nns and conditio:ps years, except that a member appointed to tent consistent with the accomplishment of and in such manner as may be deemed nec­ fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expira­ the objectives of this act. · The activities of essary to facilitate the purposes of this act, tion of the term for which his predecessor the Commission shall be carried on in ac­ without regard to the provisions of law re­ was appointed shall be appointed for the cordance with the basic principles estab­ lating to the making, performance, amend­ remainder of such term. The President lished by the President in the promotion of ment, or modification of contracts; shall designate one of the members of the international peace, the development of for­ - (2) to make advance, partial, and other Commission as Chairman. Six of the mem­ eign policy, and the safeguarding of the . payments in connection with contracts, bers shall constitute a quorum of the Com­ national defense. loans, and grants of funds to any person on mission. · Members of the Commission may {b) Subject to the direction and supervi­ 'such terms and conditions as are·deemed ap­ be removed by the President only for ina­ sion oi" the Commission, the Administrator propriate in the national interest; bility to act, neglect of duty, malfeasance in. shall be charged with and responsible for the (3) {rom time to time to adopt·and amend ofil.ce, conflict of interests, or because con­ administration of this act. The Deputy Ad­ such rules and regulations as may be nec­ tinuance of the member in office would be ministrator shall have such authority and essary to carry out the provisions of this act, inimical to the national defense. The mem­ exercise such powers as may be delegated to which shall be published in the Federal Reg­ bers of the Commission, except officers of him by the Administrator and, in the ab­ ister. where deemed -by the Commission to the armed forces on active duty and civilian sence of the Administrator, or in the event , be of general _application and where not in­ members hoJding other omces or positions of his inability to act, shall act as Adminis­ consistent with considerations of security; under the United States, shall receive a per trator. With this in view, the Deputy Ad­ ( 4) To bring suit in its own name, or in diem allowance of $50 for each day spent in ministrator shall at all times be kept fully in-. the name of the United States, in any court, meetings or conferences of the Commission formed by the Administrator. State or Federal, of competent jurisdiction. and all members shall receive compensation (c) All Government agencies are directed to render full cooperation, aid, and assist­ ( 5) To acquire, purchase, lease, and hold for necessary traveling or other expenses in­ real and personal-property as .agent of l'l.nd curred while engaged in the work of the ance to the Commission and the Adminis­ trator, to effectuate any applicable regula­ on behalf of the United States, and to sell, Commission. The provisions of sections 109 lease, grant, and disp,ase of such real and and 113 of the Criminal Code (U. S. C., title tions, orders, and directives of the Commis­ sion and the Administrator. With the con­ personal property as provided herein. 18, sees. 198 and 203) shall not be deemed (6) To exercise, in the name and on behalf to apply to any parson because of member­ sent of such agencies, or with the approval of the President, the Commission and the Ad­ · of the United States, the rights .of eminent ship on the Commission, and members may domain and requisition as provided herein. engage in other obcupations or businesses, ministrator may them&elves utilize and di­ private or governmental, to ali extent not rect the services of officers or employees of (7) To create or organize corporations, the inconsistent with the performance ·of their other Government... agencies. stock of which shall be wholly 'Owned by the United States and controlled by the Com­ duties, and may hold other offices or p~i­ ADVISORY BOARDS m ission, to carry out the provisions of this tions under the United States and rece1ve SEc. 4. (a) The President may from time act. compensation. therefor. to time estab1isl1 such advisory boards as (b) The Commission shall meet at least (8) To exercise the duti~ and authorities he deems appropriate to ,assist in the effec­ of the head of a department of the Govern­ four times in every calendar year. tuation of the purposes of this act, and shall ment respecting the making of a certificate (c) The Commission shall, without regard prescribe the composition, functions, duties, in the manner and for the purpose provided to the civil-service laws, appoint an Admin­ and duration of such advisory boards. One in section 4894 of the Revised Statutes, as istrator and a D ~ puty Administrator who member of each board shall be designated amended (U. S. C., title 35, sec. 37). · shall not be members-of the Commission and . · by the President as chairman thereof. (9) To take all such other action and exer­ shall serve at its pleasure. The Administra­ (b) Members of the boards, except officers cise all such other powers as may be neces­ tor and the Deputy Administrator shall en­ of the armed forces on active duty and sary or appropriate for the exercise of the gage in no other cccupation or business, and civilian members holding other offices or po­ powers and performance of the fUnctions shall receive compensation at the rate of sitions under the United States, shall re­ provided in this act. $15,000 and $12,000 per year, respec~ively, in ceive a per diem allowance of $25 for each addition to which each shall be reimbursed (b) In the performance of his ·functions, day spimt in actu:tl meetings or conferences, and subject to the supervision and direction fbr necessary traveling expenses. . and all members shall receive necessary (d) Notwithstan'ding the provisions of of the Commission, the a¢:ninistrator shall traveling and other expenses whlle so en­ also have the powers o...nd authority provided United States Code, title 10, section 576, or gaged. The provisions of sections 109 and 113 . in subsections (a) (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), United States Code, title 5, sections 59 (~) of the Criminal Code· (U. S. C., title 18, sees. (8), and (9) hereof. and 62, or any other statute, any act ive or 198 and 203) shall not be deemed to apply retired officer of the armed forces, 'the Coast to any person because of membership on said (c) The Administrator m ay delegate any and Geodetic Survey, and the Public Healt h boards, and members may engage in other power and authority conferred upon him, ex­ Service, may serve as a member of the Com- occupations or businesses, private or gov­ cept that provided in subsections (a) {4), . mission, as· Administrator, or as Dzputy Ad­ ernmental, to an · extent not inconsistent {6), and (8} hrreof, to any qualified officer, ministrator, without prejudice to his com­ with the performance of their duties, and cr employee of the Commission, the Admin­ missioned status as such officer; no ret ired may hold other offices or positions under the istrator, or any other ·Government agency, officer shall be deemed to have been placed on United States, ar.d receive compensation and may authorize successive redelegations active status by reason of such service; any therefor. Any active or retired officer of the of such power and authority to such per­ officer serving as Administrator or as Deputy sonnel: Provided, Th::::t any delegation by the armed forces, the Coast and Geodetic Sur­ Administrator of power and aut hority to pur­ Administrator shall receive, in addition to his vey, and the Public Health Service may serve pay from the United States as such officer, an chase, acquire, or sell real property shall be as a member. of an advisory board without specific in terms. Nothing in this subsection amount equal to the difference between such prejudice to his commissioned status as pay and the compensation prescribed in sub­ (c) shall restrict the Administrator's powers such officer, notwithstanding the provisions of delegation to the Deputy Administrator as section (c) . of United States C::>de, title 10. s:;ctlon 576; provid<:d in secti~n 3 (b). (e) The Commission and the Administra­ or United States Code, title 5, sections 59 tor, within the limits of funds which may be (a) or 62, or any other statute; no retired TRANSFER OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY TO THE made available, may each employ and fix the officei· shall be deemed to have been placed C::> Mll.H S SION; DECLARATION OF PRIVATE IN­ compensation of ~ecessary personnel with­ on active stat us by reason of service on an TERESTS ~D ACQ~ITION OF PROP ERTY out. regard to the provisions of tha civil-serv­ advisory board. · SEc. 6. (a) There a-re hereby transferred ice laws, the Classification Act of 1923, or any {c) The Commission and the Administra­ into the custody afld control of the Commis­ other statute, and may each make such ex­ tor shall advise and consult with such ad­ sion the following propert y owned by the penditures for supplies, property, facilities, visory boards as may h ave be.en established, United, States or any uf its agencies, or any and services as may be necessary to carry out on matters within their respective spheres interest in such property held in trust for their respective functions. of interest, and the boards may made such or on behalf of the United States; 1·ecommendations to the Commisison or the (i) All stocks of the ores or other materials GEI-mRAL AUTHORITY OF. THE COMMISSION ANn Administrator relating to legislation, poli­ THE AD~TRATOR , from which the substances known as th"Ori- . cies, procedures, administration, and re­ SEc. 3. (a) The Commission shall have urn, uranium (including uranium enriched search as they may deem desirable in the as to one of its isotopes), and elements higher plenary supervision and control, so far as the performance of their functions. jurisdiction of the United States extenc;Ls, than uranium in the periodic table, can be over all sources of atomic energy and over GENERAL POWERS OF 'l'HE COMMISSION AND OF refined or produced; all matters connected with research on the THE ADMINISTRATOR; DELEGATION OF AU• (ii) All plants, facilities, equipment, and transmutation of atomic species, the produc­ THORITY materials for the refining,- or production, or tion of nuclear fission, and the release of . SEC. 5. (a) In the performance of Hs func­ for the utilization, in any form of th'e sub- · atomic energy. In the conduct of its activl- tio?s, the Commission is authorized- stances described in subsection (a) (1); 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 9327 I (iii) All stocks, on hand or in process, of or the Administrator may prescribe. The erty. A copy of each inventory shall be sub­ the substances described in subsection (a) Commission or the Administrator is au­ mitted to the President of th~ United States (i); thorized to acquire, purchase, take, requisi­ . i'tnd the original shall ba filed with the r~c­ (iv) All processes and technical informa­ tion, or condemn, on benalf of and as agent ords of the Commission. From time to time tion of any kind, and the sources thereof of the United States, any of the property so the Commission shall submit to the Con­ (including data, drawings, specifications, declared, or any interest in such property as gress and shall make public such portion~; of r-atents, patent applications, and other the Commission or the Administrator finds said inventories as may be so disseminated s~>Urces), relating to the refining, produc­ to )?e within the scope of this act. without prejudice to the national i~1terest. tion, or utilization of the substances de­ AUTHORITY OF THE ADMINISTRATOR scribed in subsection (a) (i); POWER TO ACQUIRE, REQUISITION, CONDEMN, AND (v) All contracts, agr'eements, leases, pat­ REQUIRE DECLARATIONS OF OTHER ITEMS OF Sr;c. 10. (a) The Administrator is authorized ents, applications for patents, inventions and PROPERTY to conduct research and experimentation in discoveries (whether patented or unpat­ SEc. 7. (a) The Commission or the Admin­ the field of nuclear fission, the transmuta­ ented), and other rights of any kind con­ istrator is authorized tp require any person tion of atomic species, and closely related cerning any items of the types of property to declare, at the time; in the manner, form, phenomena, and to proceed with the develop­ described in subsections (a) (i) to (a) (iv); and to the extent prescribed by the Commis­ ment of any and all processes or methods (vi) All property in the custcdy and con­ sion or the Administrator; and to acquire or for the release of atomic energy, and for the trol of the Manhattan Engineer District, purchase, within the United States or else­ exploitation and use thereof for military, Army Service Forces, Army of the United where, and to take, requisition, "or condemn, industrial, scientific, or medical purposes: States. within the United states, as the case may be, Provided, however, That it shall be the policy of the Commission and of the Administrator, (b) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of any of the following, on behalf of and as agent of the. United States, whenever such in accord with the objectives of this act, to any other statute, including the mining and u tilize, encourage, and aid colleges, univer­ leasing laws, no right, title, or interest in or action ~:hall be deemed to be essential to the to deposits from which there can be refined performance of their functions under this sities, scientific laboratories, hospitals, · and or produced the substances dm:cribed in sub­ act: other governmental, nonprofit, or private section (a) (i), owned by the United States, (i) ores, metals, minerals, and other sub­ institutions equipped·and staffed to conduct and no right to prospect, or explore for, mine, stances or materials; research and experimentation ~n this t}eld. or remove such substances, may be acquired (ii) real property, plants, mines, facilities, The. A~ministrator I!lay . also engage in all and equipment; such related activities as he deems necessary except in accordance with the provisions of for the proper performance of these func­ this act. The Commission is authorized to (iii) technical information of .all kinds; extend the provisions of this subsection (b) (iv) patents, applications for patents, in­ tlons. In performing any of his functions, ventions and discoveries (whether patented the Adb::tinistrator may construct, establish, to any deposits from which there can be re­ and operate all necessary plants and facili­ fined or produced other metals or substances or unpatented) and rights. thereunder; and . ties, may modify and use any or all of the ~ determined by the Commission to be readily (v) contracts, agreements, leases, and. property available to the Commission; arid capable of or directly connected with the rights; may employ such personnel as may be neces­ transmutati'on of atomic species, the pro­ which, in the judgment of the Commission, sary.· Without regard to the civil-service .ctuction of nuclear fission, or the release .of are peculiarly related to the transmutation laws or any other statute, the ·Administra­ atomic energy. Notice of such extensions of atomic species, the production of nuclear tor, with the approval of the Commission shall be published in the Federal Register. fission, or the release of atomic energy. may also arrange by contract or otherwise (2) The Secretary _of the Interior, or the (b) The Commission or the Administrator with other persons. to engage in an.y of th~ head of any other appropriate Government is authorizeD. to conduct exploratory opera­ foregoing activities on behalf of· the Com­ agency, shall transfer into the custody and tions or investigations to determine the loca-: mission, and subject ·to its supervision. control of the Commission such deposits cov­ tions, extent, and mode of occurrence of de­ (b) No .other Government agency, ·except ered by subsection (b) (1), or public or ac­ posits of a:oy ores, ·minerals, . or substanc!')s, the armed forces for military· purposes in quired lands containing such deposits, as the with or without the consent of' any person time of war or national emergency and at Commission from time to time requests. Un­ holding any interest in the property so the direction of the President, shall under­ til the Commission so requests, all public affected. Just compensation shall be made take, or engage in such activities without the and acquired lands shall continue to be ad­ for any property or right so acquired or taken, consent of the Administrator and upon such ministered under the laws otherwise appli­ as provided in section 8 (b), and damages conditions· as he; with · the approval of the cable, and disposition of such lands ml;ty be shall be paid for any injury done to. the prop­ Commission, may prescribe. made as provided in the public land laws, erty affected. (c) The Administrator is expressly author­ or otherwise. However, all patents, convey­ COMPENSATION FOR PRIVATE PROPERTY ACQUIRED ized to acquire such property, to establish ances, and other grants of any right, title, or or c~nstruct such buildings and facilities, to interest in or to all public and acquired SEC. 8. (a) The United States shall make provide or arrange for such services,, and to lands shall hereafter contain a reservation just compensation for the personal property engage in such activities, as he deems neces­ to · the United States, acting through the acquired, taken, or requisitioned pursuant sary and proper for the housing, health, Commission or. the Administrator, of all right, to section 6 . (d) or section 7. The Commis­ safety, welfare, recreation, and security of t~tle, and interest in ~nd to all deposits cov­ sion shall determine such compensation. If personnel employed by the Commission, the ered by subsection (b) (1), and of the right the compensation so determined be unsatis­ Administrator, or any agent of either of bf the United States, acting through the factory .to the person entitled thereto·, such them. Any person whose property is taken Commission or the Administrator, to prospect person shall be paid 50 percent of the amount pursuant to this subsection (c) ·shall be en­ or explore for, mine, or remove such sub­ so determined, and shall be entitled to sue titled to just comperuation in accordance stances; moreover, no location based on a the United States to recover such further - with the provisions of section 8. _discovery of such deposits may be m'ade nor sum as added to said 50 percent will make (d) In the administration of this act, the may any rights to them be acquired under up such amount as will be just compen­ Commission, the Administrator, and their the mining laws. Damages shall be paid by sation. agents and licen~ees shall, so far as feasible, the Commission for injury to any property, (b) In the exercise of the rights of emi­ protect and conserve all natural resources. or interests therein, occasioned by action of nent domain and condemnation, the Com• the United States in prospecting or explor­ mission or the Administrator shall .cause LICENSING OF THE COMMISSION'S PROPERTY ing for, or removing such substances. proceedings to be instituted under the Act SEC. 11. _(a) The Administrator is author­ (c) The President of the United States is of August 1, 1888 (U. S. C. title 40, sec. 257), ized to license any or all of the property authorized to provide, upon such terms and or any other applicable Federal statute. available to the Commission, without regard conditions as he may prescribe, f01: the trans­ Upon or after th~ filing of the condemnation. to the provisions of the Surplus Property fer to the control, possession, and use of the petition, immediate possession may be taken Act of 1944 or of any other statute, to any Commission of such other property of the and the property may be occupied, used, and person or Government agency for ( 1) re­ United States as he · may from time to time improved for the purposes of this act,_n.ot­ search and experimentation in nuclear fis­ deem necessary and proper for the purposes withstanding any. other law. Real property sion or the transmutation of atomic species; acquired by purchase, donation, or. other (2) the development, exploitation, and use of the Commission. of processes or methods for the release of means of transfer may also b~ occupied, used, (d) At such time or times subsequent to atomic energy; (3) any use of such property the enactment of this act as the Commission and improved for the purposes of this act, prior to approval of title by the Attorney where it is deemed advisable for the pur­ or the Administrator may determine, all per­ poses of this act to retain control or super­ sons knowing or having reason to believe Gene.ral. vision in the Commission over the property, that they have any right, title, interest, or INVENTORmS OF PROPERTY its utilization, or di:oposition; or (4) any other claim in and to any and all items of property SEc. 9. Within 3 months after the. enact­ purpose incidental or related to the purposes of the type described in subsections (a) (i) ment of this act, the Administrator shall of this act. No such license for purposes to (a) (v), inclusive, and any deposits of compile a preliminary inventory of the prop­ (1), (2), or (3) shall be given by the Adminis­ ores from which substances described in sub­ erty of the United States subject to the juris­ trator to a foreign government or any person section (a) (i) can be refined or produced, diction of the Commission, and shall prepare who is not under and within the jurisdiction -which are not owned by the United States or a complete inventory as soon thereafter as of the United States, without the approval any Government agency, shall declare the . possible. Every year thereafter the Admin- of the President of the United States. same to the Commission in such manner and , istrator shall· CQmpile supplementary inven• (b) It shall be a condition.of all licenses form and to such extent as the Commission . tories, indicating all changes in such prop- given pursuant to this section that the holder

/ 9328 " ·CON-GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 or grantee thereof shall file with the Coni­ ·· en'ergy. Nqtice ·of such extensions shall be nected viith ·research on the transmutation of mission such 'reports concerning the use of publif?hed in the Federal Register. atomic species, with the production .of nu- the licensed property, and related matters, (d) It shall be unlawful for any person clear fission, or with the release of atomic as the Administrator or the Commission may to conduct research or experimentation in- energy, in all cases where such information, require. The Admi,nistrator or the Commis­ volving ·the re~ease of atomic energy in data, documents, equipment, or material have sion may impose such other terms and condi­ amounts deemed and to be prescribed by at any time, before or after the passage of tions upon. the licensee as may be deemed the Commission as constituting a national this act, 'been el',ltrusted to, or come into the advisable and appropriate in the national hazard or being of military or industrial knowledge or possession of, any such person interest. value, ~lithout the consent of the Admin- (1) by reason of his- official duties, or (2) (c) In the performance of their functions istrator and upon such conditions as the pursuant to a contract with or license from; under this section and section 13, the-Com­ Administra~r. with the approval of the or in the course of employment by the Com­ mission and the Administrator shall adopt Commission, may prescribe. In administer- mission, the Administrator, any other Gov­ the policy of (1) widespread distribution, so ing this provision, the Commissio:p. and the ernment agency, their" agents, contractors, or far as feasible, of such licenses and consents Administrator shall interfere to the lef:st pos- licensees, or (3) in connection with activities on equally equitable terms to all qualified sible extent with small-scale experimenta- governed by.section 13. persons, and (2) .discouraging the growth tion in research lal;loratories of nonprofit GENERAL PENALTIES of monopoly, restraint of trade, and unlaw­ institutions. SEc. 18. (a) Any willful violation or any ful competition in the trades arid industries (e) The Administrator and the Commis- willful attempt to violate, or any conspiracy affected by such licenses and consents. The sion shall have plenary 'lUthority to direct, to violate, any of the provisions of this act, commission and the Administrator shall supervise, regulate, and in_spect the activities or of any rule, regulation, or consent author­ promptly report to the Attorney General any with re~;pect to which consent has been ized hereunder, except as provided in sec­ evidence which they may have (i) of the granted, to the extent necessary to enforce tion 19, shall be punishable by a fine of not use of property licensed under this section compliance with the conditions which have more than $100,000 or by imprisonment for or (11) of action under any consent granted been prescribed in connection with the a term of not exceeding 10 years, or both. under section 13, which fosters monopoly, granting of consent to such activities. · (b) On a_I:plication by the Commission or restraint of. trade, or unlawful cop1petition. REPORTS the Administrator, any court of competent DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS PROPERTY SEc. 14. As soon as practicable after the jurisdiction is authorized to, and shall grant SEc. 12. Whenever the Commission. or the close of each fiscal year, the Commission injunctive or other appropriate affirmative . Administrator determines that control over shall separately submit to the President of relief against any violation ot any of the pro­ · any property of the United-States of which the United States and to the Congress (a) visions of this act, or of any rule, regulation, the Commission has jurisdiction, or that the reports concerning the. m·atte.rs within its license, or consent authorized hereunde~. disposition of S'\lCh property under sections jUrisdiction and the exercise Of its author- PENALTIES FOit SECURITY VIOLATIONS 10 or 11, is no longer necessal'y to carry out the purposes and provisions of this act, ity U!!der this act, 'and (b) financ~al state- SEc. 19. · (a) Any violation of any regula- they shall report such property to the appro­ menta of the Government operations and tion promulgated by the Commission pur- priate Government age!lCY concerned with activities subject to its jurisdiction. suant to section 17 shall, in addition to any the utilization and disposition of such prop­ AUDITS other penalties,- be ground for dismissal from erty, and shall turn over or dispose of su.ch employment by the Commission or the Ad- propetty pursuant to the orders. of such SEC. 15. Notwithstanding the provisions ministrator, or for dismissal,' at the direction of any other law governing .the exp~nditure of the Administrator, from employment by agency: Provided, That the Commission shall itself be authorized (without. regard to the­ of public funds, the General Accounting other Government agencies, or the agents, Surplus Property Act· of 1944 or any other Office in the settlement of the accounts of holders of consents, or licensees of the Com­ statute) to sell or return any real or per­ the Administrator or other accountable of" mission, the Administrator, or other Gov­ sonal property, on such terms and cQnditions ficer or employee of the Commission, the ernment agencies, without regard to crim­ as it deems proper, to the person from whom Administrator, or their agents, shall not inal prosecution or conviction thereunder. such property was acquired, and his heirs disallow credit for nor withhold funds be- (b) Any violation of regulations promul­ or assigns, or to the present occupants or cause of any expenditure which the Commis- ' gated by the Commission pursuant to section holders of such property: And provjded fur­ sion .shall determine and certify to have- 17 of this act shall, regardless of intent, ther, That the Commission and the Admin­ been necessary to carry out the provisions of be punishable by a fine of not more than istration shall return any such property to this act. $500 or by imprisonment of not more than the Gov~:>.cnment agency !rom 'which it was VOLUNTARY PAYMENTS TO STATES AND LOCALITIES 30 days, or both, or, if willful or through gross negligence, shall be punishable by a acquired. SEc. 16. In order to render financial as­ fine of not more than $100,000 or by im­ CONTROL. OF ACTIVITIES sistance to those states and local govern­ ments in which the activities of the <::om­ prisonment for a.. term not exceeding 10 years, SEC. 13. (a) It shall- be urilawful for any or both. An attempt to violate or a con­ person without the consent of the Admin­ mission are carried on and in which tbe spiracy to violate regulations promulgated istrator and upon such conditions as he, Commission, or its agents, have acquired by the Commission pursuant to section 17 with the approval of the Commission, may ,properties previously subject to State and of this act shall be punishable in the same prescribe-- local taxation, the Commission is author­ manner. ized to make "Payments to States and local ( 1) To define, produce,-or process ~he (c) Whoever, lawfully or unlawfully, hav­ substances described 1n section 6 (a) governments in lieu of such taxes. Such ing possession of, access to, control over, or (1) or any ores or materials known to be payments may be in the amounts, at the being intrusted with any information, data, capable of producing such substances; times and upon the terms the Commission documents, equipment, or materl,a.l of any (2) to use, process, manufacture, or deems appropriate, but the Commission kind relating to or connected with research utilize, irt any manner, the substances sliall be guided by the policy of not ex- · on the transmutation of atomic species, with described in section 6 (a) (i). ceeding the taxes which would have been the production of nuclear fission, or with (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to payable for such property in the condition the release of atomic energy, with the intent export from or import into the United States in which it was acquired, except where to jeopardize the interests of the United ores or other materials containing any appre­ special burdens have been cast upon the States, or with reason to believe that his ciable quantity, as· defined by regulation of State or local government by activities of act wlll have such consequences, communi­ the Commission, of the substances described the Commission, the Administrator, the Man­ cates or transmits, or attempts or conspires in section 6 (a) (i), or such substances, for hattan Engineer District, or their agents, to communicate or transmit the same to any any purpose, untiLafter application has been and in such cases, any benefits accruing to person not entitled to receive it, shall be made to the Administrator and the Admin­ the States and local governments by reason punished by a fine of not more than $SOO,OOO istrator's consent has been obtained, includ­ of these acti.vitles shall be considered in or by imprisonment for a term of not exceed­ ing in such application a sworn statement~ the determination of such payments. The ing 30 years, or both. Commission and any corporation created by to the quantity, designation, consignee, and DEFINITIONS intended use of the material being exported it, and the property and income of the or imported, together with such other in­ Con:.mission or of such corporations, are SEc. 20. As used in this act- formation as the Commission may require. hereby expressly exempted from taxation in (a) The term "Government agency" means The Commis~ion or the Administrator may any manner o:: form by any State, county, any executive department of the Govern·­ prohibit or condition the·exportation or im­ municipality, or any subdivision thereof. ment, or any administrative unit or subdivi­ sion thereof, any independent agency of, or portation of the materials described above in SECURITY REGULATIONS such manner as they find to be required by any corporation owned or controlled by, the the policies and purposes of the act. SEC. 17. The Commission is authoriZ\ld and United States. ~ (c) The Commission is -authorized to ex­ directed to establish, and w provide for the (b) The term "person" means any individ­ tend the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) administration of security regulations gov­ ual, corporation, partnership, fi~m. associa­ to any other metal or substance deter­ erning the collection, classification, dissem­ tion, trust, estate, political entity, public or mined by the Commission to be readily cap­ ination, publication, transmission, :pandling, private institution, group, or other entity. able of or directly connected with the trans­ and communication by any person of infor.;. (c) The term ."material" includes any ar­ mutation of atomic species, the production mation, data, documents, equipment, and ticle, commcdity, substance, machinery, ac­ of nuclear fission,, or the release of a'tomic material of any kind relating to or cen- cessory, equipment, part, component, assem-, 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9329 bly, work ill: process, maintenance, repair and tary Affairs· Committee ·and the Com­ ment of atomic energy and the produc­ operating supplies, and any proauct of any merce Committee. The testimony, of tion of the bomb. They are not inter­ kind. · course, will deal greatly with the prob­ ested in atomic energy purely from the (d) Tlle term "United States" includes all Territories and possessions of the· United lems associated. with atomic energy. ~ standpoint that it may some day be used States. do not know why we should refer this for war purposes, and the fact that it . (e) The term "license" (verb) includes li­ bill in any event to the Military Affairs might go to the Committee on Military cense, lease, loan, sell, furnish, make avail· Committee unless we resign ourselves to Affairs would not, in my judgment, in able, dispose, grant, any right or interest. the claim that atomic energy is· purely a any sense indicate that we look upon it (f) The term "property" includes real milita,ry instrument. only as a possible instrument of war. property (including all interests in or per· I suggest that inasmuch as this is a It is true that many committees of the taining thereto) , personal property, intangi­ very vitally important problem, perhaps Sena-te, under our practice, might claim ble property, plants, equipment, materials, the leaders on both sides of the Chamber jurisdiction of this matter, and I have and for the purposes of section 11 includes should arrange to have a special Senate deplored the practice which was inaugu­ funds available to the Commission. committee handle the matter. Until that rated here a few years ago, under the (g) The term "agent" of the Commission or of the Administrator includes corporations has been done every committee in the· obiter dictum, we might say, of one of created by the Commission, contractors with Senate may claim jurisdiction of'the bill. our Vice Presidents, that any Senator the Commission or the Administrator, and The Committee ·on Interstate Commerce could get a bill of any kind sent to any other agents. will want jurisdiction because some may committee he desired to have it sent to APPROPRIATIONS say that atomic energy will some · day if he would just write the name of the SEc. 21. There are hereby authorized to be provide power for operating the rail­ committee on the bill. That is a ridicu- _ appropriated such f!Ums as may be necessary roads. The Committee on Manufactures lous absence of any orderly procedure in and appropriate to carry out the provisions niay claim jurisdiction because some may _the Senate of the United States, and I and purposes of this act. · So much of .the say that atomic energy will be vitally as­ have been trying as best I could to get unexpended balances of appropriations, allo­ sociated with manufacturing. away from that announcement ever since cations, or other funds available for the use Mr. BANKHEAD. What about the it was made. of the Manhattan Engineer District, Army matt6r cf appropriations? Mr. VANDENBERG. How long ago Service Forces, and all records and all out­ was that? I am trying to identify the standing obligation.s thereof, shall be trans­ Mr. MAGNUSON. Yes; there is also ferred to the Commission for use in connec­ involved the matter- of ·appropriations. Vice President. tion with the exercise of any of the functions I- think we shall experience constant Mr. BARKLEY. It was not within the authoriZed by this act. ·difticulties in having hearings held in last 5 years, and it was not as long ago as 14 years. [Laughter.] SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS connection with scienti;(ic research, a subject about which the President has Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, will SEC. 22. If any provision of this act, or the the Senator from Mississippi yield? application of such provision to any person spoken. or circumstances, is held invalid, the re­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Does the ,Sena­ Mr. BILBO. I yield. mainoer of this act or the application of such tor know that the Senate only a few Mr. BAN"KHEAD. We have ·had an provision to persons or circumstance other days ago adopted a concurrent resolu­ announcement very recently that the old than those to which it is held invalid, shall tion calling· for an over-all congressional rule to which the Senator referred, that not be affected thereby. _ com:rhitt~ of -12, dealing with the full a. Senator could indicate the committee . SHORT TITLE development, control and use of atomic to which he wanted a bill to go, was SEc. 23. This act may be cited as the energy? abandoned by the Presiding Officer, that "Atomic Energy Act of 1945.'\ Mr. MAGNUSON. I am not familiar a ,bm should be referred to the committee with it. which had jurisdiction of it. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr·. President, I ' Mr. VANDENBERG. I think that is Mr. BARKLEY. I think that should merely rise to point out to the· majority the answer· to the Senator's statement. be the rule, and I think that the Pre­ leader and to the distinguished Senator Mr. MAGNUSON. It may be. I am siding- Officer, guided by the Parliamen­ from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] hOW discussing the problem of referring bills tarian, should take the responsibility of complicated is the matter which we are which_provide for hearings in connection sending a bill to the committee to which now discussing. Several bills have been with this subject. The country is avid he thinl{s it should go. introduced in both the Senate and in the to hear more'about the subject of ·atomic I have no obje'ction to allowing the bill other House providing for scientific re­ energy. . , now being discussed to lie on the table search, the development of atomic Mr. VANDENBERG . . I agree com­ until tomorrow. In the meantime, 1f I energy, and all similar matters. Many of pletely with the Senator that there can get any information from any source tllose bills have already been referred to should-be a clearing house. I am simply that would shed any light on the future various committees. suggesting that we have already pro­ possibility of atomic or legislative energy, The custom which has been followed in posed a means of establisllJ.ng a clearing I shall be glad to impart the information the past of indicating on a bill to what house. · to the Senate. committee it should be referred has been Mr. BARKLEY. But that clearing Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the sometimes, perhaps, a bad practice. So house, however, would have no jurisdic­ Senator from Mississippi yield · to me complicated became· the problem of tion over the bill which ba.s just been in­ further? scientific research in connection with the troduced. Mr. BILBO. I yield. atomic bomb, atomic energy, and all the In view of the statements which have Mr. HATCH. I wish to say that the integrated m~tters, that finally it was de­ been made here with reference to refer- ' message of the President strikes me ;yery termined to hold joint hearings in regard ring bills to various committees, I sug­ forcefully, ar!d I approve it, but there is to the matter. Some bills had been in­ gest that it might be well .to refer the one sentence I just happened to potice troduced and referred to the Commerce bill which has been introduced by the .which, in a way, shows the condition in Committee, and others had been referred Senator from Colorado to the Committee which the Senate is in dealing with this to the Military Affairs Committee. Why on the Library, where it will be subjected problem. The President .says: reference was made in any instance t'o to a real research for the purpose of find­ But the discovery with which we are deal­ the Military .Affairs Committee, I do no_t ing out what 'the matter is all about. . ing involves forces of nature too dangerous know,_un~ess, as the· Senator from New [Laughter. J to fit into our usual concepts. Mexico [Mr. HATCH] has pointed out, The fact that this bill might be referred I submit; Mr. President, that the forces · . atomic energy may be converted into a to the Military Affairs Committee in are too new, too strong, too transcendent weapon of war. If that be not true, then no sense inakes it subject to the conclu­ to fit into the usual, ordinary concepts !-believe that the Military Affairs Com­ sion or suspicion .thaj; atomic energy is to and rules of the Senate. mittee would have no jurisdiction :what­ be used only as a war instrument. Mr. BILBO. As a matter of fact, the ever over the-subjeCt. Beginning nex_t The development of atomic energy and bill should be sent to the Committee on Monday, we are holding joint hearings, the production of the bomb, as I stated the District of Columbia, for the whole Every. scientist who had anything to do awhile ago, came under.the jurisdiction world wants to localize this deve1opment, with manufactming the bomb, including and through the activities of the War Mr. VANDEKBERG. That is where military men, has been invited to appear Department: The War Department has most of our eJrplosions occur. [Laugh­ before the joint committee of the Mili- all the facts in regard to the develop- ter.] . XCI--588 ·. 9330 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-SEN.ATE OCTOBER -3 Mr. BARKLEY. 'Vill the Senator nqminations, which were referred to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without from Mississippi guarantee that if it is appropriate committees. objection, the nomination is confirmed. sent to his committee and he· reports it, (For nominations this day received, see POSTMASTERS he will not filibuster against it? the end of Senate proceedings.) The legislative clerk proceeded to read Mr. BILBO. I shall not unless. the in· - EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES terests of the t axpayers are involved. sundry nominatiqns of postmasters. Mr. BARKLEY. The hour of 5 o'clock The following favorable reports of Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the nomi­ having arrived, and the Senator from nominations were submitted: nations of postmasters be confirmed en Mississippi being completely exhaust· By Mr. GEORGE, from the Committee on bloc. ed-- Finance: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. BILBO. I wish to say to the Sen· Sundry officers for promotion ·in the ob-jection, the nominations are confirmed ator from Kentucky that I have just Regular Corps of the United States Public en bloc. Health Service. '!:HE ARMY finished some preliminary remarks, and By Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee have started in on a mighty good speech. on Post Offices and Post Roads: The legislative clerk proceeded to read I wish to ask unanimous consent that I Sundry postmasters. sundry nominations in the Army. may retain the floor. Mr. BARKLEY. I make the same re­ Mr. BARKLEY. When I said "ex­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there be no further reports of committees, the quest with respect to the nominations in hausted" I meant physically, and not · the Army. ' mentally. clerk will proceed to state the nomina: tions on the Executive Calendar. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. BILBO. The Senator is mistaken objection; the nominations in the Army about the physical part also. UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMISSION­ are confirmed ·en bloc: That completes · Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. NOMINATION ADVERSELY REPORTED the Executive Calendar. · President, will the Senator from Missis· The legislative clerk read the nomina­ Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Presi­ sippi yield? tion of Raymond S. McKeough to be a Mr. BILBO. I .am glad to yield to the dent be notified of all nominations this member of the United States Maritime day confirmed. Senator from Colorado. Commission. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Since The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, in view ·objection, the President will be notified the Senator from Mississippi has such a of the fact that this nomination-will lead long speech, I suggest to the able ma­ 'forthwith. to some discussion, I ask that it go· over. RECESS jority leader that we begin our session . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tomorrow at 11 o'clock, prepared to con­ objection, the nomination will be passed Mr. BARKLEY. ·As in legislative ses­ tinue a little later in the evening. over. . sion, I move that the Senate take a re­ Mr. BARKLEY. I think we had bet­ Mr. OVERTON. Does the Senator cess until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. ter not do that tomorrow on such short from Kentucky have in mind some.. day The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 notice. · Besides, some of us have to be on which the nomination will be con­ ·o'clock and 7 minutes p·. m.) the Senate at an important conference tomorrow sidered? ·took a recess until tomorrow, Thursday, which might not be concluded by 11 Mr. BARKLEY. I will say to the Sena· October 4, 1945, at 12 o'clock meridian. o'clock. But the idea the Senator offers tor from Louisiana that· I do not now is worth considering, and we might well have a date in mind. NOMINATIONS ·consider w..hether day after tomorrow, if the Senator from Mississippi is not both FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Executive nominations received by the physically and mentally exhausted, we The legislative clerk read the nomina· Senate October 3 (legislative day of Oc­ may meet at 11 o'clock instead of 12 .. tion of Harrington Wimberly to be a tober 2) , 1945: Mr. BILBO. I may say that I shall be member of the 'Federal Power Commis­ DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SER\TJ~E glad to yield at any time, without losing sion. Harold D. Finley, of New York, now a for­ a right to the floor, for any mapter which The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without e~n-service officer of class 3 and a secretary any Senator wishes to, have taken up, objection, the nomination is confirmed. in the diplomatic service, to be also a consul because it will take me some time to con­ The legislative clerk read the nomina· general of the United States of America. clude, and I should not care to delay tion of Richard Sachse to be a member Parker T. Hart, of Massachusetts, now a any matter in which any Senator may be of the Federal Power Commission, foreign-service officer of class 7 and a secre­ interested. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tary in the diplomatic service, to be also a consul of the-United States of Amer~ca-. Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, we ·an - objection, the nomination is confirmed. Robert J. Cavanaugh, of Illinois, now a understand that technically the Senator DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE foreign-service officer of class 8 and a secre-. could not keep the floor by just 'saying The legislative clerk read the nomi­ tary in the diplomatic service, to be also a he wanted it. It is always the province consul of the United States of Alll.erica. nation of J. Howard McGrath, of Rhode William H. Christensen, of South Dakota, of the Presiding Officer to recognize a Island, to be Solicitor Genera] of tfie Senator, But in honor of the custom to now a foreign-s.ervice officer, unclassified, and United States. a secretary in the diplomatic service, to be which we have always adhered, that if a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without also a consul of the United States of America. Senator has not finished his remarks, we objection, the nomination is confirmed. The foliowing-named persons now ,foreign­ are not thereby compelled to remain here UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT OF service officers of class 6 and secretaries in during the night, and that we may take a the diplomatic service to be also consuls of APPEALS well-deseryed rest, I suggest that we sus· \ the United States of America: pend now, and I personally shall havi no The legislative clerk read the nomi· Perry Ellis, of California. objection to the Senator's having the nation orJohn J. O'Connell, of Pennsyl. Charles S. Millet, of New Hampshire. floor tomorrow. Further than that de·. vania, to be judge for the third circuit. Walter Smith, of Illinois. · · PhilipP. Williains, of California. ponent sayeth not. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The following-named persons now foreign­ Mr. BILBO, I shall appreciate the objection, the nomination is confirmed. service ofiicers of class 6 and secretaries in courtesy. UNITED STATES MARSHALS the diplomatic service, to be also consuls of EXECUTIVE SESSION the United States of America: The legislative clerk read the nomi­ Roswell C. Beverstock, of ·california, Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen­ nation of Everett M. Evans to be mar· Eastoh T. Kelsey, of l11:ichigan. ate proceed to consider executive busi· shal for the District of Idaho. John Ordway, of the District of Columbia. ness. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The following-named persons for appoint- The motion was agreed to; and the objection, the nomination is confirmed. ment as foreign-service officers, unclassified, The legislative clerk read the nomi­ vice consuls of career, and secretaries in the Senate p1;oceeded to the consideration of diplomatic service of the United States of executive business . . nation of Robert Grant to be marshal for the southern district of Illinois. America: EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Herbert D. Brewster, of Minnesota. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Maurice J. Broderick, of New York. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. objection, the nomination is confirmed. James M. Byrne, of New York. KNOWLAND in the chair) laid before the The legislative clerk read the n-omi­ Francis H. Columbat, of California. S2nate messages from the President of nation of Hubert J. Harrington to be Robert F. Corrigan, of Ohio. the United States submitting sundr~ marshal for the district of New Jersey. Russell H. Fifie!Cl, of Maine. 1945 CONGRESSIONA'L RECORD---:-SENATE 9331 , John F. Fitzgerald, of Pennsylvania. Second Lt. John Herbert Lacltey, Jr., Air Second Lt. Donald William Graham, Air John c. Hawley, colonel) . Thomas E. Hoffman, of OhiO, Second Lt. Charles Dean Cliitty,, Jr., Air Second Lt. Edward· Longfellow Burge, Air Weldon Litsey. of Wyomlng. Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Corps (temporary major). · LeRoy Makepeaee, of Connecticut. Second Lt. Clyde Asa Ray, A!i.r Corps (tem­ Second Lt. Gerald Michael Dailey·, Cavalry Miss Betty Ann Middleton, of California. porary lieutenant colonel). (temporary major). · Cabot Sedgwick, .of Arizona. · Sxond Lt. Malcolm -Arnot Moore, Air Corps· Second Lt. Charles All.en Carroll, Signal Herbert D. :Spivak. of .New York. (temporary li€Utenant colonel). Corps (temporary captain). Norman C. Stines, Jr., of California. - Second Lt. Winton Ralph Close, Air Corps Second Lt. Vernon Cline Irby, Signal Corps Edward L. Waggoner, of Ohio. (temporary lieutenant colonel), subject. to (temporary major). DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE _examination required by law. Second Lt. Lowell Edgar Thompson, Chemi­ Second Lt. Athel Bangert, Infantry (tem- cal Warfare Service (temporary major). ASSISTANT. ATTORNEY .GENERAL porary major) . · Second Lt . .Robert Simeon Moore, Infantry John F. Bonnett; of New York, to be an As­ Second Lt. Stanley 'Eldred .Matthews, Air (temporary lieutenant colonel). · sistant Attorney General, vice Francis M. Corps (t~mporary major). Second Lt. Boyd Lee Branson, Cavalry Shea, resigned. Second Lt. Alexander Hume Lucas, Jr., (tem.P,orary lieutenant colonel~. THE JUDICI~RY Coast Ar.tillery Corps (temporary major), sub­ Second Lt. Clarence Edwin Jeffress, Quar­ JUDGE, U·NITED STATES• CUSTOMS COURT ject to examination required by law. termaster Corps (temporary captain). Second Lt. Hollis Clinton Lewis, Infantry · Second Lt. George William McCaffrey, In­ Irvin C. Mollison, of Illinois, to be judge (temporary captain). . _ fantry (temporary lieutenant colonel), of the .United States Customs Court, vice Second Lt. Lewis William Leeney, Infantry­ Second Lt. Cliarles Goodwin Whitmire, Hon. Thomas J~ Walker, .deceased. (temporary lieutenant colonel). Coast Artillery Corps (temporary captain) , FEDERAL TRADE Pfirst lieutenant). Second_ Lt. Rudolph King Ort, Air Corps Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel'. Second Lt. Samuel Adams Steere, Jr., Air (temporary lieutenant colonel) . Sscond Lt. Thomas Fleet Osborne; Air Corps Corps (temporary major). · Second Lt. · Louis David VanMullem, Air (temporary lieutenant colonel) . Second Lt. Jack William Blair,. Corps of Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. James Thomas McKee, Air Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. Roland Leo Kolb, Infantry Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second ~t. James Potvin Barry, Field Ar­ (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. Charles Frank Jenkins, Jr., Air tillery (temporary captain). Second Lt. ClevelaQ.d Charle~ MacLane, Jr., Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. John Thomas Berry, Infantry Infantry (temporary major). ,Second Lt. E'rnest Nils Ljunggren, Air Corps (temporary major). Second Lt. He~ry Dale Weston, Corps -of (temporary lieutenant colonel)'. · Second Lt. Paul Collins Broun, Infantry . Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. Robert Edmondston Coffin, Field (temporary r.najor). Second Lt. Herbert. Frederick Crecelius, Artillery {temporary lieuten-ant colonel). Second Lt. Jack Edward Cunningham, Air Chemical W~rfare Service (temporary major)~ Second Lt. Howard Stanley 'Ellmore, Air Corps {temporary major). Second Lt. Donn Royce Pepke, Infantry Corps (temporary colonel), subject to ex­ Second Lt. James Kay Briggs, Air Corps (temporary colonel). -amination required- by law. (temporary major). Second Lt. Donald Calvin Foster, Infantry Second Lt. Fred Howard Bounds, Air Corps Second Lt. Benjamin Anthony Karsokas, (temporary major). (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. William Yates Mceachern, Air Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Coast Artillery Corps (temporary major). Second Lt. Melvin Almon McKenzie, Air Second Lt. John Hancock Hay, Jr .• Infantry Second Lt. Patrick Williams Riddleberger, Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). (temporary lieutenant colonel), subject to Infantry (temporary. captain). Second Lt. Earl Raymond Tash, Air Corps examination required by law. Second Lt. Edwin Allison Nichols, Infantry (temporary lieutenant colonel). ...Second Lt. John Scott Pollard, Jr., Field Ar· (temporary major). · Second Lt. William Wolfe Ottinger, Air tillery (temporary captain}. Second Lt. George Benedict Cullison, In· Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. Andy Walter Pribnow, .Field Ar· fantry (temporary ma]or). Second Lt. John Daniel Lavelle, Air Corps tillery (temporary major). Second Lt. Kenneth Paul Burns, Field Ar· (temporary major). Second Lt. Grant William Allison, Field Ar· tillery (temporary major). Second Lt. Jack Franklin Marr, Air Corps tillery (temporary captain). Second Lt. Richard Casper Wittmann, In"! _(temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt.l\4arshall Wolcott Stark, InfantiY fantry· (temporary lieutenaq.t colonel). Second Lt. Harl Pease, Jr., Air Corps (tem­ (temporary first lieutenant). Second Lt. Ejward Herbes, Air Corps (tem"! porary captain)' subject ~0 examination re­ Second Lt. Fred Hilton Cantrell. Infantry porary lieutenant colonel). quired by law. :(temporary ~leu tenant colonel). : i 9332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3 Second Lt. James Harry Cook, Jr., Infan­ Second Lt. Roland George Daudelin, Coast Szcond Lt. Thomas Walter Anderson, In­ try (temporary major). Artillery Corps (temporary captain), subject fantry (temporary captain). eecond Lt. Willard Webster Morris, Infan­ to examination required by law. · Second Lt. Joseph Hamilton Grant, Jr., try (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. A. H. Hamner, Jr., Quartermas­ Infantry (temporary captain), subject to ex­ Second Lt. Earl Jay Holliman, Signal Corps ter Corps (temporary major). amination required by law. (temporary major). Second Lt. Edwin Freeland Harlan, Quar­ Second Lt. William Bennison Fulton, In­ . Second Lt. John Lawrence Sullivan, Jr., -termaster Corps (temporary major), subject fantry (temporary captain). Coast Artillery Corps (temporary captain). to examination required by law. Second Lt. Lloyd Lorenzo Leech, Jr., Field Second Lt. Donald Wright MacFeeters, . Second Lt. Harold Harley Haaland, Coa:>t Artillery (temporary first lieutenant). Ordnance Department (temporary major). Art illery Corps (temporary captain). Second Lt. Vict or Owen Wilson, Corps of Second Lt. Adellon F'ranck Hanson, Coast Second Lt. Hale Mason, Jr., Signal Corps Engineers (temporary captain) . Art illery Corps (temporary captain). (temporary captain). Second Lt. Richard Theodore Lunger, In­ Secon d Lt. Richard Anthony Wetzel, Signal Second Lt. Lewellyn Clifford Daigle, Alr fantry (temporary m ajor). Corps (temporary major). Corps (temporary major). second Lt. Kennet h Theodore Kofmehl, In­ Second Lt . Robert H. Schulz, Infantry Second Lt. Henry Benjamin Holmes 3d, fantry (temporary first lieutenant). (temporary lieut enant colonel). Signal Corps (temporary captain). Second Lt. J ames Griffith Hays, Jr .. Field Second Lt. Otto John Glasser, Air Corps Second Lt. Don Winton Ryker, Ordnance Artillery (temporary major). (t emp ::~ r ary cap tain). Department (temporary major). Second Lt. Edwa.rd Clark Rose, Jr., field Second Lt. Allen Wightman Sanders, Jr., Second Lt. Carlyle Philip Woelfer, Coast Artillery (temporary m ajor). Corps of Engineers (temporary major). Artillery Corps (t emporary capt ain). Second Lt. Molloy Clark Vaughn, Jr., C::~ast Second Lt. William Slater Cowart, Junior, Second Lt. Tom Crampton Smith, Jr., In­ Art illery Corps (temporary first lieutenant), Air Corps (temporary lieut enant colonel). fantry (temporary lieutenant colonel). sub.j ect to examination required by law. Szcond Lt . Clarence Spottswood Towles, Second Lt. Ralph M. Johnson, Jr., Coast Second Lt. James Wilbur Gilman, Cavalry Jr., Air Corps (temporar~ lieutenant colonel). Artillery Corps (temporary major). (temporary captain). Secon d Lt. William Astor Hoy, Jr., Air Second Lt. John Edmund Dwan 2d, Infan­ Second Lt. William John Regner, Infantry Corps (tempora~y m ajor). try (temporary captain). (temporary captain). S :o cond Lt. John BartOJl Lamond, Field Second Lt. James Joseph Gibbons, Jr., Seco~d Lt. Lloyd Edmonstone Jones, Jr., Artmery (temporary major). Field Artillery (temporary major). Field Artillery (temporary captain). . Second Lt. Peter Saville Walker, Air Corps Second Lt. Thomas Jeffries Riggs, Jr., Corps Second Lt. Hal LeRoy Schroeder, Corps of (temporary major). of Engineers (temporary lieutenant colonel), Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. William Donn Hayes, Jr., Air subject to examination required by law. Second Lt. Alpha Alsbury Fowler, Jr., Air Corps (t emporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. John Sherman Chambers, Jr., Corps (temporary major). Second Lt. St anley George Huey, Air Corps Ordnance Department (temporary major), Second Lt. William Ardery Campbell, Field (temporary lieutenant colonel).- subject to examination required by law. Artillery (temporary major). . Second Lt. George .Max Manning, Air Corps Second Lt. John Lafayette King, Cavalry Second Lt.'John Da7id Hill, Infantry (tem­ _(temporary major). (temporary captain),' subject to examination porary major) . . Second Lt. James Alexander Caldwell, Cav­ required by law. Second Lt. Lawrence Glenn Mathews, In­ alry (temporary captain), subject to exam­ Second Lt. Edward Sterling Abdo, Air Corps fantry (temporary captain). ination required by law. (temporary captain), subject to examination Second Lt. Edward Cooper Bruce, Corps of Second Lt. Frederic}t Perry Jenks, Air Corps required by law. Engineers (temporary captain). (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. Robert William Foster, Jr., Second Lt. Robert John Giesen, Infantry Second Lt. Robert Stephens Puckett, Air Quartermaster Corps (temporary captain) : (temporary major). -Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. Frederick Lorimer Graham, Second Lt. Harry William Hale, Field Artil­ Second Lt. Donald Millard Gordon, Air Coast Artillery Corps (temporary major). lery (temporary captain), subject to exami- Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). Second Lt. Herbert Alfred Waterman, nation required by law. · - Second Lt. Ernest Thornton George, Jr., Coast Artillery Corps (temporary captain). Second Lt. John Wa~ter Maclndoe, Infantry Corps of Engineers {temporary captain). Second Lt. Dawson Hope Mullen, Jr., Corps (temporary captain). Second Lt. Eugene Pierce Gillespie, Field of Engineers (temporary captain). Second Lt. Alphonso Axel Topp, Jr., Field Art illery (temporary major). Second Lt. Herbert Henry Heumann, Quar­ Artillery (temporary captain). Second Lt. Robert Bernard Sullivan, Air termaster · Corps (temporary lieutenant Second Lt. Frank Dixon McElwee, Corps 9f Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel). colonel). Engineers (temporary captain), subject to Second Lt .. Sam Jones Rich, Infantry (tem­ Second Lt. Gordon Omar Fraser, Field Ar­ examination required by law. porary major) . tillery (temporary captain). Second Lt. William Treloar Russell, Coast Second Lt. William FitzGerald Brand, Jr., Secolld Lt. Leo J. Nielsen, Jr., Infantry Artillery Corps (temporary major). Field Artillery (temporary major). (temporary major). Second Lt. Charles Benjamin Thomas, In­ Second Lt. James Paul Hamill, Coast Artil­ Second Lt. Edward Norton Hathaway, In­ fantry (temporary ca;ptain). lery Corps (temporary major) . fantry (temporary captain), subject to ex­ Second Lt. David Sirimel Henderson, In­ Second Lt. Frank Jenkins Ryder, Jr., In­ amination required by law. fantry (temporary lieutenant colonel). fantry (temporary major). Second Lt. John Henry Ritter, Chemical Second Lt. Samuel Cochran Phillips, Air Second Lt. Frank Foster Boyle, Infantry Warfare Service (temporary captain). (temporary captain)' subject to examination Second Lt. Paul Alexander Simpson, Ord­ Corps- (temporary major). required by law. · nance Department (temporary captain). Second Lt. Robert James Lynch, Air Corps Second Lt. Jerome Bailey York, Finance Second Lt. Harold Jack St. Clair, Corps of (temporary captain). Department (temporary lieutenant colonel). Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. George Reece Sedberry, Jr., In­ Gecond Lt. Russell Allen Berg, Air Corps fantry (temporary captain). (temporary colonel) . To be first lieutenants with rank from Second Lt. John Benjamin Hancock, Field October 7, 1945 Second Lt. Robert William Dalrymple, Artillery (temporary captain). · Corps of Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. Edward Lee Waddell, Jr., Corps · Second Lt. James Wilson Kerr 3d, Infantry Second Lt. Floyd Bayless Mitman, Jr., of Engine~rs (temporary major). (temporary first lieutenant). · Chemical Warfare Service (temporary Second Lt. James Marshall Cake, Jr., field Second Lt. Tu.rney White Leonard, Infantry major). Art illery (temporary captain). (temporary first lieutenant), subject to ex­ Second Lt. Charles Douglas Yelverton Second Lt. Donald Leroy Harrison, Field amination required by law. Ostrom, Jr., Ordnance Department (tempo­ Artillery (temporary captain). Second Lt. George Marion Seignious, In­ rary major). Second Lt. Albert Sidney Williams, Jr., In­ fantry (temporary captain). Second Lt. Martin Fannon Sulllvan, Coast fantry (temporary captain). Second Lt. George Arthur Austin, Jr., Corps ·Artillery Corps (temporary major). Second Lt. Charles John Anderson, Infantry of Engineers (temporary captain). Second Lt. Stanley Michael Smolensky, {temporary captain), subject to examination Second Lt. Louis Scott Torgeson, Infantry ' Ordnance Department (temporary major). required by law. (temporary captain). Second Lt. Duane Seaman Cason, Cavalry second Lt. Anthony Joseph Touart, Jr., (temporary major). Coast Artillery Corps (temporary first lie_u­ MEDICAL CORPS Second Lt. Charles Richard Petticrew, Ord­ tenant). To be colonel nance ' Department· (temporary lieutenant Second Lt. Horward ' Ellsworth Sommer, Lt. Col. Walter Clifton Royals, Medical colonel). Quartermaster Corps (temporary major) ... Corps (temporary colonel), with rank from Second Lt. Floyd Lester Johnson, Field Ar­ Second Lt. Max Adams Morris, Field Artil­ October 4, 1945. tillery (temporary captain). lery (temporary major). To be lieutenant colonel Second Lt. Ralph -Emerson Vandervort, Jr., Second Lt. Lionel Raymond Fuller, Infantry Field Artillery (temporary major). (temporary major). Maj. Walter Steen Jensen, Medical Corps (temporary colonel), with rank from October Second Lt. Harold Bernard Ellis, Corps of­ Second Lt. Hughes Seewald, Cavalry (tem­ Engineers (temporary major). porary captain), subje<;t to examination re­ 24, 19~5. Second Lt. Adrian L. Roberson, Corps of quired by law. - :ro be major Engineers (temporary major). Second Lt. Gerald William Homann, Corps Capt. Howard William ·Doan, Medical Corps Second Lt. Haakon Lindjord, Infantry of Engineers (temporary majur), subject to (temporary colonel), with rank from October (temporary major). examination required b:' law. l, 1945. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SENATE 9333

CHAPLAINS ILLINOIS NEVADA To be colonel Marion Dennis, Chambersburg, Ill. · Office James E. Hughes, Mesquite, Nev. Office be­ Chaplain (Lt. Col.) Gynther Storaasli, became Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July l, 1945. United States Army (temporary ·colonel), Charles A. Ray, Cottage Hills, ·m. Office Evelyn Campbell, Mountain Cit y, Nev • .Of­ wit h rank from October 11, 194.5. became Presidential July l, 1943. fice became Presidential July 1, 1945. Helene H. Sauerwein, Fiatt, lll. Office be­ Geraldine S. Sayre, Smith, Nev. Office be­ To be Lieutenant colonel came Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Chaplain (Maj.) . Edward Robert Martin, Fred w. Nash, Gilson, Dl. Office became NEW YORK Unit ed St ates Army (temporary colonel), Presidential July 1, 1945. with r ank from October 5, 1945. John P. Early, Penfield, Ill. Office became James J. Cunningham, Caledon ia, N. Y., in place of J. F. McGovern, removed. To be major Presidential July 1, i945. J. Ross Prather, Rossville, Ill., in place of Mary H. Stanton, Glen Spey, N. Y. Office Chaplain (Capt.) John Edward Duffy, E. J. Hathaway, resigned. became Presidential July 1, 1945. United States Army (tempofary major), with Margaret M. Kuney, Verplanck , N. Y .', in rank from October 25, 1945, subject to ex­ INDIANA place of N. A. King, retired. amination required by law. Foster D. Sutton, Ot isco, Ind. Office be­ NORTH CAROLINA IN THE NAVY came Presidential July 1, 1945. Hilda Fern Calvert, Switz City, Ind. Office Sallie 0. Tarkington, Camden, N. C. Of­ Commodore Frederick W. McMahon, United became Presidential July 1, 1943. fice became Presidential J·u ly 1, 1945. States Navy, to be a rear admiral in the Laura Qhurch, Purlear, N. C. O.ifice be­ Navy, for temporary service, to rank from IOWA came Presidential July 1, 194.5. the 1st day of November 1943. Pearl G. Hill, Badger, Iowa. Office became NORTH DAKOTA Capt. Augustus J. Wellings, United States Presidential July 1, 1945. Navy, to be a rear admiral in the Navy, for Katherine W .Baxter, Burlington, Iowa, in Warren W. Taylor, Dazey, N. Oak. OJice temp6rary service, to continue while serv­ place of R. W. Baxter, resigned. became Presidential July 1, 1945. ing as deputy commander, service forces, Mark J. Torrence, Kamrar, Iowa. Office be­ Viola Hazle Blocker, Elbowoods, N. Dak. · Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. United St ates Pacific Fleet, and until re­ came Presidential July 1, 1945. porting for other permanent duty. Dorothy E. Peterson, Pilot Mound, Iowa. OKLAHOMA The following-named officers of the line ptlice becarr..e Presidential July·t, 1945. Velma B. McKinzie, Elmer, Okla. Office of the Navy to be assistant paymasters in Harry G. Liddle, Wever, Iowa. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 1945. the Navy, with the rank of ensign, came Presidential July 1, 1945. William T. Dunsworth, Thackerville, Okla. Howard W. Burnett, Jr. KANSAS Office became Presidential July 1, 1S45. Kenneth R. Klofkorn OREGON Joseph C. Snyder Homer .I. Sharp, Bloom, Kansas. Office Civil Engineer Robert C. Johnson to be a became Presidential July 1, 1945. John W. Knott, Coburg, Oreg. Office be­ civil engineer in the United States Naval LOUISIANA came Presidential Ju:iy 1, 1945. Reserve, with the rank of commodore, for Alice W. Porter, Long Creek, Oreg. Office Anthony Aucoin, Chataignier, La. · Office b'ecame Presidential July 1, 1945. temporary service, .to continue while serving became Presidential July 1, 1945. as a senior officer in charge of naval con­ Walter E. Hickok, Terrebonne, Oreg. Office William S. Lewis, De Ridder, La., in place became Presidential July 1, 1945. struction regiments, and until reporting for of V. E. Green. Incumbent's commission other permanent duty. Florence N. Pearson, Timb8r, Oreg. Office expired June 23, 1942. . became Presidential July 1, 1945. Civil Engineer Archibald D. Hunter to be Belva C. Dyess, Folsom, La. Office became a civil engineer in the Navy, with the rank Laura Thompson, Tualatin, Oreg. Office Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. of commodore, for temporary service, to con­ Grace A. Rownd, Springfield, . La. Office tinue while serving as officer in charge of a became Presidential July 1, 1945. PENNSYLVANIA naval construction brigade, and until re­ Vivian B. Allgood, SUmmerfield, La. Office Bertha A. Snyder, Beachlake, Pa. Office porting for other permanent duty. became Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. PosTMASTERS Martha S. DarUngton, Darling, Pa. Office . MARYLAND became Presidential July 1, 1945. The following-named persons. to be post­ Walter H. Davis. Still Pond, Md. Office be­ Lloyd E. Latsllaw, Dornsife, Pa. Office be­ masters: came Presidential Jwy 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1 1945 . . ALASKA · 1 M~CHIGAN Frank W. Nangle, Force, Pa. . Office became . Alfred G. Francis, Kotzebue, Alaska. Office Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945.· Bessie M. Cubalo, Lincoln, Mich, in place Iolabell McElhoes, Home, .Pa. Office be­ of E. V. Adair, resigned. ARKANSAS came Presidential July 1, 1945. Cecil Fay Neal, Smiths Creek, Mich. Office Beatrice A. Curley, !than. Pa. Office be­ . George W. Powell, Houston, Ark. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 1944. came Presidential July 1, 1945.· came Presidential July 1, 1945. :MINNESOTA Josephine R. Gift, Lemasters, Pa. Office Lonnie A. Parchman, Tie Plant, Ark. "Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Walter Freudenberg, Saginaw, Minn., in place of Mabel Johnson, resigned. Henry L. Whitaker, Narvon, Pa. Office be­ CALIFORNIA Eldora J. Pilotte, Sedan, Minn. Office be­ came Pi·esidential July 1, 1945. Rosabelle A. Hill, Samoa, Calif., in place of carne Presidential July 1, 1S45. Beatrice I. Duerr, New Brit ain, Pa. Office G. E. Patterson, retired. became Presidential July 1, 1945. MISSISSIPPI Eva Morris, New Darry, Pa. Office became COLORADO Andrew J. Hensley, Mantee, Miss. Office be­ Presidential July 1, 1945. Ruth H. Murphy, La Jara, Colo., in place of came Presldentif!.l July 1, 194.4. Adam Hoover, Newry, Pa. Office b::came R. E. McCunniff, deceased. Reid K Thomas, Michigan City, Miss. Of­ Presidential July 1, 1945. Lyla Munson, Sedgwick, Colo., in place of fice ;:~r.ame Presidential July 1, 1945. ·Elmer J. Kirk, Rockton, Pa. Offi.~e became W. C. Lowery, transferred. MISSOURI Presidential July 1, 1945. Ida L. Sp_ringer, Segundo, Colo, Otfice be­ Dora Weber, Bronaugh, ,..[o. Office be­ A. Irene Close, Sproul, Pa. Otfice became came Presid~ntial July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Presidential July 1, 1945. CONNECTICUT Juanita A. Drewel, Labadie, Mo. •Office be­ Z3lla M. Larimer, Stahlstown, Pa. Office Austin M. Ackerman, Durham Center, came Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Conn. Office became Presidential July 1, Estle C. Butcher, Mount Moriah, Mo. Of· Harold E. Brocious, Timblin, Pa. Office be­ 1945. fice became Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1915. FLORIDA MONTANA Harold H. Peiffer, Union Deposit, Pa. Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. - Orbie L. ·Little, Bluffsprings, Fla. Office Helen M. Cyr, Milltown, Mont. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 194.5. - William M. Betz, Venus; Pa. Office became came Presidential July 1, 1945. Presidential July 1, 1945. Beulah B. Wiles, Captiva, Fla. Office be­ NEBRASKA came Presidential July 1, 1945. Elsie R. West, Wawa, Pa. Office became John T. Carpenter; Myrtle Grove, Fla. Mayme L. Beaird, Broclc, Nebr., in place Presidential July 1, 1945. Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. of C. E. Saal, ,retired. Abel S. Landes, Wycombe, Pa. Office be• Earl J. Hughes, Concord, Nebr. Office be­ came Presidential July 1, 1945. GEORGIA came Presidential July 1, 1945. TEXAS Frank R. Rountree, Egypt, Ga. Office be­ Henry L. Balser, Dixon, Nebr. Office be­ came Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Hattie M. Stadden, Wilmer, Tex. Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. Nina E. Story, E'llabell, Ga. Office become Benjamin F. Schiefelbein, Ithaca, Nebr. I Presidential July 1, 1945. Office became Presidential July l, 1945. UTAH J. Elton Braddy, Tarrytown, Ga. Office Josephine L. Jenny, Malmo, Nebr. Office Harold A. Wood, Holden, Utah. Ofilce be· bzcame Presidential July 1, 19~5. became Presidential July 1, 1945. ca.me ·presidential July 1, 1945.

I 9334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3-

VERMONT Jacob Rell Till, Jr. John R Griffin, Excel. _ Lou B. Maginn, East Fairfield, Vt. Office Lawrence Carter Ball Reuel-M. Lankford, Fackler. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Richard Leland Bohannon Walter D. Browder, Gaylesville. Harold F. Mason, Lyndon Center, Vt. Office _John _Knox Cullen. R1.,1sse1I P. Gilbert, Geiger. · became Presidential July 1, 1945. To be captains Nonie Virginia. Singleton, Gorgas. Clara M. Adair, Graysville. VIRGINIA John Hawes Amesse Chester M. Ross, Groveoak. Doris B. Reames, Ford, Va. Office became­ Harold Victor Ell1ngson Clarice Davis, Hacoda. Presidential July 1, 1945. Joseph Negley Schaeffer Bob Lee Dixon, Hatchechubbee. Alfred Sjouke Blauw WASHINGTON John T. Cope, rnverness. Harold A. Altho!, Seabeck, Wash. Office DENTAL CORPS Roxie Lois Clark, Jack. became Presidential July 1, 1945. To be colonel Hassle H. Nickerson, Jacksons Gap. Albert Fields James V. Herron, Keener. WISCONSIN Georgia Lyon Dunn, Laceys Spring. Agnes M. -Pritzl, Cato, Wis. Office became To be lieutenant colonel Jacob B. Patterson, Lacon. Presidential July 1, 1945. Harol~ George· Ott Jim W. Cleveland, Lawley. John J. Flanagan, Lannon, Wis. Office be­ VETERINARY CORPS Robert Brooks, Meridianville. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Ola Hale, Murrycross. Lizzie J. Mulvaney, Wilson, Wis. Office be- ­ To be lieutenant colonels Carl Brown, Muscadine·. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Verne Clifford Hill James T. Finley, Jr., Owassa. Elmer William Young WYOMING Mary R. Huguley, Pigeon Creek. CHAPLAINS Thadeus E. Bolling, Pike Road. Mabel E. Harrison, Arvada, Wyo. Office be­ Marie G. Lucy,_Portersville, To be colonels came Presidential July 1, 1945. Ollie w. Phillips, Ralph. William Roy Bradley Pearl R. Pierce, Saraland. James Lloyd McBride Frances Graham Henderson, Satsuma. CONFIRMATIONS Mylon Dickinson Merchant J. Bryan May, Sawyerville. Executive nominations confirmed by Maurice William Reynolds Martii B. Roberts, Semmes. the Senate October 3 (legislative day of­ To be major Paul H. Savage, Jr., Spring Garden. October 2) , 1945: · Stanley Joseph Reili.y, subj_ect to examina­ Mildred S. Burnett, Stanton.· tion required by law. Jesse M. Fleming, Tennille. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Emma P. Mitchell, Ward. Harrington Wimberly to be a member of To be colonels Robert C. Newton, Webb. the Federal Power Commission for the re­ Rexford Edwin Willoughby Robert T. Yarbrough, Woodland. mainder cif the term expiring June 22, 1948. William Glenn Livesay ALASKA Richard Sachse to be a member of the James Washington Barnett Federal Power Cop}mission for the remainder Johri Charles Mullenix Velovous Allen Poor, Douglas. of the term expiring June 22,: 1947. John Andrew Weeks Arleen Kranich,· Homer. Robert Lincoln Christian Orrin S. Felmley, McGrath (to correct DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE William Hampton Cram . name). J. Howard McGrath to be Solicitor GerteraL Delphin Etienne Thebaud qEORGIA of the United States. George Sheppard Clarke James H. Smith, Ashland. UNITED STATES CmCUIT COURT OF APPEALS - Charles Andrew Willoughby Alma Gillis, Axson. John J. O'Connell to be judge of the Walter Eyster Buchly Royce G. Braselton, Braselton. United States Circuit Court of Appeals for Harold Chittenden Mandell Wilson T. Tuten, Bristol. the Third. Circuit (new position). APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR Blanche · A. Tarvin, Cataula. ARMY Robert L. Vining, Chatsworth. UNITED STATES MARSHALS Mary M. Lassetter, Clem. Everett M. Evans to be United States Lt. Col. Joseph Magoffin Glasgow, to Adju- Curtis Rice, Du Pont. marshal for the district of Idaho. tant General's Department. - ' Winnie S. Giles,· Elko. Maj. Paul Leroy Carroll, to Quartermaster Minnie 0. Rozar, Empire. Robert Grant to be United States marshal Corps. ' for the southern district of Illinois. • Dymple Warmack, Fair Mount. First Lt. Amos George Johnson, to Quar­ Clarence Finleyson, Finleyson. Hubert J. Harrington to be United States termaster Corps. marshal for the district of New Jersey. Luther G. Fortson, Fortson. Capt. James Francis Straker, to Finance Louis A. Mauldin, Habersham. APPOINT;M:ENTS IN THE REGULA.'l ARMY Departrilen t. Garland B. Turner, Hillsboro. Lt. Gen. Raymond Albert Wheeler to be Lt. Col. Shirley Wiggins Mcilwain, to Ord­ Howard R. Park, Ideal. Chief of Engineers, with the rank of major nance Department. · Isabel R. Bulloch, Juniper. general, for a period of 4 years from. date of ,Capt. Bernard Sanders Waterman, to Field. Silas White, Kirkland. acceptance. · Artillery. Thomas L. Harbin, Lithia Springs. Col. Boyd Wheeler Bartlett to be pro­ S~cond Lt. Alan Lyon Partridge, to Field Margaret Mable, Mableton. · fessor of chemistry arid electricity at the Artillery. Mary B. Herrin, Manor. United States Military Academy, with rank 2d Lt. Paul James Reinhalter, to Field Riley 0. Crosby, Merl'!hon. from August 3, 1945. Artillery. Olin S. Horne, Metcalf. 1st Lt. James 'Moore Boyd, to Infantry. PROMOil'IONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Kathleen Hammond Langston, Middleton. 1st Lt. Robert Jerome Delaney, to Infantr_y. Julia W. Miller, Midland. To be coloneis 1st Lt. Philip Martin Royce, to Infantry. Robert I-romer ·smith, Midville. Howard J. Houghland, Air Corps. 1st Lt. Joel Terry Walker, to Infantry. Stella A. Teel, Morris Station. John Lawrence Dunn, Infantry. Lt. Col. Tom Christopher Rives, to Air Adahbelle Elrod, Murrayville. 1 James Gregory Monihan, Cavalry, subject Corps. Matthew D. Freeman, Nicholson . . to examination required by law. Capt. William Fulton McKee, to Air Corps. Claude A. Bennett, Plainville~ · TO be captains POSTMASTERS Pauline S. Middleton, Ramhurst. Opal Ellis Henderson, Air Corps. ALABAMA Joseph B. Mahan, Rydal. Fannie M. W. Brim, Sasser. Daniel Ira Moler, Air Corps. Lois G. McClain, Acmar. Joe M. Athon, Shady Dale. Lawrance Owen Brown, Air Corps. · Laura Herring, Alberta. Nan L. Johnson, Stockton. Henry Bishop Fisher, Air Corps. Allen C. Coleman, Allen. Marie warren Harris, The Rock. Clayton Baxter Claassen, Air Corps. Lilian Mary Thomas, Battles Wharf. Nettie R. Miles, Varnell. · William Thomas Hudnell, Jr., Air Corps. John D. Reid, Blount Springs. Paul A. Cline, Waleska. Harold Lawrence Kreider, Air Corps, Madie Ellis, Brownville. Myra. L. Lang, Waverly. John Oman Neal, Air Corps. Rosa L. Spence, Buffalo. Luther F. Richards, White. Henry Agnew Sebastian, Air Corps. Edwyn E. Cook, Calhoun. Joseph M. Drury, White Oak. Harrison Schermerhorn Markham, Chemi- Mabry A. Hudson, Choccolocco. Edgar S. Hicks, Yatesville. cal Warfare Service. Vera B. Rabby, Coden. IOWA MEDICAL CORPS Horace E. Davidson, Coker. Gaddis W. Killian, Collbran. John s. Benbow, Archer. To be majors Guy D. Ward, Cottonwood. Robert R. Kriete, Baldwin. Heinz Kuraner ' Amby Campbell, Crossville. Edward J. Hoffbauer, Blue Grass. Emmett Leroy Kehoe Sarah E. Waites, Cusseta. Hilda A. McGovern, Brayton. Knox Dunlap Louise T. Willingham, Emelle. Nelle B. Davis, Conway. Stephen Dominic Berardinelli Helen P. Welch, Epes. Lucille Sexton, Cromwell. William Joseph Power Burnie J. Wall, Equality. Nellie M. Easton, Curlew. 1945 ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9335

Walt~r W. Delahoyde, Dawson. NEW MEXICO Ellie I. Amburgey• . Nora. Elizabeth Grimme, Durango. James E. Ma.tchin, Crownpoint. Julia Maloney, North Garden. Ervin F. Spratt, Elkhart. Vincent c. Steele, Greenville. Lucille H. Gilbert, North Holston. Frank W. Elias, Ely. Louise Miller, Loco Hills. Edward L. Deane, Nottoway. Martha E. McClaskey,· Exline. Bertha R. Yessler, Nara Visa. Nancy C. Leontal, Oakton. Andrew L. Dickinson, Gilbel't. Anastacia V. Lopez, Penasco. Lauza. Richie, Oiutwood. Henry J. Eischeid, Halbur. Walter H. Burgess., Paces. Estber E. Olson, Jolley. OKLAHOMA Charlie A. Pannell, Parrott. Tjebbe D. Eeintema, Leight€ln. · Evan E. Wiley, Arapaho. C. Meredith Richardson, Pendletons. Elizabeth K. Buren, Leland. Samuel A. Irwin. Atwood. Anne G. Pearl, Port Republic. Selmer E. Skare, Lincoln. Charles A. Warren, Brinkman. Joseph Thomas Tokarz, Port Richmond. Leonard S. Lawless, Macksburg. Thomas H. Atkins, Bromide. William R, Bailey, Quinton. Leonard C. Gordon, Martelle. James 0. Deer, Carney. Ollie May Brooks, Red Ash. Guy E. Waldron, Meriden • . Nellie I. Malone, Cashion . . .A..nne H. Giles, Rock Castle. Jacob Ruedy, Middle. Maureta G. Pappan, Chilocco. Lottie Herndon, Ruckersville. Rose Mae Hatter. Millersburg. Henry C. Black, Cloud Chief. Margaret M. Powell, Seaford. Edith Page, Nemaha. Gussie C. Marton, Cromwell. Linda T. Meissner, Skipwith. Albert N. Kloser, North Buena Vista. Cornel!a M. Jenkins, Drummond. Thomas H. Elmore. Snowville. Leo J. Mehaffey, North Liberty. Obera Goodwin, Durham. Wiley H.-Robertson, Spout Spring. James M. Van Vliet, Otley. Dora L. Parks, Fay. James H. L. Parker, State Farm. Mollie Daley, Parnell. Harold Chaffin, Francis. John E. Winstead; Village. Timothy P. Sheehy, Searsl?oro. Helena M. Hood, Hoffman. Lola G. Fowler, White Post. Essie B. Whisler, Unionville. Lula T. Stiles, Hollister. A(jam R. Springston, Wilsons. Francis M .. Bucher, Wapello. Joseph E-. Carnes,. Kansas. Buren Skinnell, Wirtz. Esther N. Booth. West Chester. Fern D. Arnold, Kiowa. KENTUCKY Lillie E. Williams, Leflore. Haskell C. Donnelly, Lehigh. Amy Levan, Burna. Mamie I. Pope, Loyal. · HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Robert Chesnut, Burning Springs. Jerome H. Hodgens, Moffett. Gol!ia West, Cromwell. Rephord H. Stevens, Mustang. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1945 Winnie K.. Veatch. Crutchfield. John W. Clarke, ·Nardin. Daniel M. Mann, De Mossville. Sally Clayton, Oakhurst. The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. Thelma L, Vest, Elliston. Ruby E. Harper, Quinlan. Emma Luckett, Fairfield. Roberta J. Price. Rosston, Rev. Frank B. Burress, pastor of the Luther S. Safriet, Gatliff Beuna M . Gass, Salman.· Fountain Memorial Br,ptist Church, WiHiam Cantrill, Garrison. Mary A. Ferren, Shamrock. W'ashington, D : C., offered the following John R. Murray, Guston. Carrie Zahn, Sharon. prayer: Golden R. Back, Harveyton. Clarence 0. Lester, Smithville. Charles W. ~eatts . Herndon. Mary Marie Yaeger, Springer. Holy Father, who art in Heaven, hal­ Grace Hamilton, Melvin. _ Ethel Watkins, Talala. lowed' be Thy name. We thank Thee Thomas J. Turner, Minnie. Artie B. Clement, Texola. for the opportunities of another day. Elmer Schadler, Morning View. John R. Chitwood, Vinson. May we have strength and wisdom to William F. Marrs, Mount Hermon. take advantage of the possibilities ahead Irwin G. Cochran, Oak Grove. RHODE ~SLAND Lorna B. Geines, Oakland. Harriet A. H. Nichols, Foster Center. of us in living this day that are within Claude Hurt, Olaton. Thomas J. Conroy. Hamilton. the realm of Thy will. We pray Thy divine blessing upon each Bessie M. Watkins, Pine. Mountain. VIRGINIA Fannie Elder, Pryorsburg. of these men and women that are here Humer Boyd, Rockport. Joseph H. Hurst, Allisonia. assembled to deliberate on weighty mat­ Estelle Little,. Sandgap. &lllie B. Willson, Hallsville. ters that involve our Nation's welfare. Lettie Smith, Sassafras. Bettie F. Gayle, Baskerville. John C. Kehoe, Bealeton. May they be led aright as they serve Kelly H. Allen. Shelbiana. Harry R. Bell, Birdsnest. the1r countrymen and Thee. May the Robert A. McDowell, Simpsonville. Harry B. Marshall, Blue. Grass. laws that are here made be of Thine Gladys Morg~. Smithfield. Mary Webb, Branchville. Ella B. Burdick, Tollesboro. approval. , B€rtha B. Alvis, Brook Hill. Bless, we pray; the President and those· Wilford D. Cunningham, Webbs Cross Lawrenceson C. Costen, Buell. who se~ve with him. May we be ever Roads. ' Edna 0. Watkins, Buffalo Junction. LOUISIANA John Duke, jr., C9.rrsville. consci

Pauline ·Rosenow; Alv·o. Mary E. McChesney, Fishers1ville. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Viola Calhoon, Benedict. Etta C. Turner, Fort Blackmo~e.. Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced Edward L. Spatz, Bruno. John R. Sweeney, Jr., Gai.nes:vUle. that the Senate had passed without George R. Hanson, Champio)l. Nathan H. Tillage, Gloucester Point. amendment a concurrent resolution of Evelyn A. Endres, Crab Orchard. James. M. Jones, Goodview. the House of the following title: Daisy G. Hendricks, Douglas. Cynthia L. Kerr, Gocdwins Ferry. - Angus K. Halcomb, Filley. Regina E. Selby, Greenbackville. H. Con. Res. 81. Concurrent resolution p:ro­ Albert 0. Kruger, Gurley. Maude Gilmer, Hansonvme. vidlng that the war emergency has been re­ Vratislav J. Kovarik, Hallam. Gorman A. Hilton, Hiltons. lieved to an extent which .wm justify pro­ Laura F. Besley, Halsey. Edna Y. Harper, Holdcroft. ceeding with the highway-construction p:ro­ Vera Fisher, Hubbell. Gordon P. Murray. Hollins. gl)&m under tbe Federal-Aid Highway Act of Maude M. Dunn, Inavale. Fted L. Marshall, Keeling. 1944. Ruth C. Olson, Johnstown. Rosa L. Thrift, Kinsale. ' The message also announced that the Irene Jansen, Kennard. Genevieve P . Gresham, Lancaster. Otis T. Carlson, Marquette. Ella S. Hockaday, Lanexa. Senate had passed a bill of the follow­ Bernice L. Irland, Otoe. Claude L. Bradshaw, Laurel. ing title, in which the concurrence of the Vera J. King, Primrose. Eva G. Davenport, Leona Mines. House is requested: Robert G. Lynch, Roseland. Marie H. Clark, Lively. S. 1281. An act to provide fbr covering into Francis H. Holtorf. Saint Libory. Gladys M. McLaughlin, Lowmoor. the treasury of the· Philippines certain Phil­ William J. Johannes, Seward. Th£ron P. Bell, Jr.: Machipongo. .:lppine funds in the Treasury of the United Joseph Kounovsky, Snyder. Adelb~rt D. Sydnor, Mannboro. States. Fannie H. Manning, Steele City. Nannie B. Chase, Mapp::.ville. Harry V. Smith, Waco. John E. Dodson, Mattoax. The message also announc2.d that the Amy E. Comuit, Wellfleet. Norman o. Armstrong, Midland. Senate insists upon its amendments to Floyd A. G-arrett, Whitman. Stephen M. Nelson, Nelson. the bill (H. R. 3951) entitled "An act to