1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7067

Locke, James E. Richwine, Alton J. The following-named .officers for perma­ LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) Lohman, Frank J. Rigg, Donald C . . nent appointment to the rank of lieutenant Helen J,' deMariano Margaret E. Leggett Mandich, Donald R. Ristan, Albert G., Jr. (junior grade) in the. line of · the Naval Anne E: Larkin Eunice Loyd Martin, Robert W. Robinson, James A. Reserve: McDaniel, John M. Schanze, Fred, Jr. Allgood, Vernon L. :Keller, Robert F~ McKee, Richard N. Schirm~r, August A., Bowen, James R. Killian, Roy G. CONFffiMATIONS McKenzie, Harry F., Jr. Jr. Brouse, William Kirichenko, Victor Executive nominations . confirmed by Miller, David E.. Simonson, Eldon D. Cooper, Gordon F. Mincheff, Boris D. Miller, John C. Small, Donald B. Duncan, Janies L. Remillard, Wil-fred J. the Senate June 3

Mr. SMATHERS asked and was given FEDERAl:. EMPLOY~S' PAY RAISE money and send a few radicals abroad to permission to extend his remarks in the Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask spend it, while these Reds continue to RECORD and include ari editorial appear~ unanimous consent to address the House stir up trouble here at home? ing in the Miami Herald. for 1. minute and to revise and extend Instead of bringing more of them into COMMITTE~ ON PUBLIC WORKS my remarks. this country, we ought to be shipping some of them out. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of · the gentleman from Are we going to spend these billions unanimous consent that the Subcom­ of dollars in foreign countries ostensibly mittee on Questionable Trade Practices Florida? There was no objection. fighting communism abroad, and at the of the Committee on Public Works may same time permit these Communists to be . allowed to sit during general debate Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. Speaker, for many months now the Members of Con­ invade the Capitol, insult the Congress -today and tomorrow. I have conferred of the United States, wave the red flag with the leadership on both sides of the gress have been considering a pay raise "for all Federal employees. With the in­ in the face of a Senate committee, and aisle, and it is satisfactory to them. go to the_White House and insult the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to creased cost of living the need for such President? ' the request of the ~entleman from Mich- legislation is indisputable. However, re­ igan? · cently the limelight of public attention, It is about time the Congress woke up to the fact that the only thing we have There was no objection. and that of Congress, has been focussed on broader and more spectacular meas- · done that is worth a tinker's dam as far EXCHANGE MINISTERS WITH THE STATE ures designed to cope with international as stopping communism is concerned was OF ISRAEL NOW affairs. Therefore, the hour for the ad­ the passing of the bill providing for Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask journment of the Eightieth Congress is the 70-group air force and for an unanimous consent to. address the House approaching with the distinct possibility abundant supply of atomic bombs. Let for 1 minute and to revise and extend that this deserving and well-earned raise us give notice to the world that we are my remarks. for the loyal employees of our Govern­ not going to tolerate the activities of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment will be forgotten in the hustle and this communistic riff-raff that is at­ the request of the gentleman from New tempting to undermine and destroy shuffle of the closing days. American institutions. York? Private. industry has recognized that There was no objection. in order for its employees to meet the It is more imperative thim ever that Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, the state cost of the necessities of life, several in­ the anti-Communist bill, known as the of Israel has again shown its desire to creases had to be granted. Federal Mundt-Nixon bill, be passed without live at peace with the world. It promptly employees cannot resort to the strike delay. accepted the unfair British plan of a weapon or otherwise protect themselves The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ truce as adopted by the UN. Its cease­ and can only ask that we, the Members tleman from Mississippi has _expired. fire order came at a time when the de­ of Congress, recognize their legitimate EXCISE TAX EXEMPTION OF TOILET _ fense army of the state of Israel was pre­ request. PREPARATIONS pared to launch a devastating attack on It seems to me that in fairness to them; the Arab aggressors which wo•.1ld have Mr. CURTIS. Mr. , Speaker, I ask for the protection of their welfare and unanimous consent for the immediate stopped them in their tracks. to maintain the efficiency of our Govern­ The answer was cQntinued warfare by consideration of the bill (H. R. 3S25) to ment, it is essential that this Congress amend section 2402 (a) of the Internal the British-instigated and abetted Arab should raise the wages of all Federal em­ brigands under the leadership of their Revenue Code, as amended, and to re­ ployees. The problem is an immediate peal section 2402 (b) of the Internal feudal chieftains. and pressing one and we cannot with Our country which did so much to good conscience postpone action any Revenue Code, as amended. bring this new democracy into being, and longer. - · The Clerk read the title of the bill. which was the first to accord it recogni­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion, should now be the first country .to COMMUNISM AT HOME the request of the gentleman from Ne­ exchange ministers with it. Such im­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask braska? mediate ·action will be evidence of our unanimous consent to address the House Mr. RICH. Reserving the right to intention to implement our words with for 1 minute, to revise and extend_my object, Mr. Speaker, what does this deeds. remarks and include excerpts from var­ bill do? We should promptly lift the unfor­ ious pub_lications. Mr. CURTIS. This bill, H. R. 3825, is tunate embargo on arms to the state of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in the nature of a revision. It does not Israel. the request of the gentleman from grant any special favor to any group in­ We should immediately. enter into Mississippi? terested in excise taxes. Its purpose is lend-lease -agreements with the new There was no objection. to meet a specific problem and to elimi­ state, not only to help• bring hostilities Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, Congress nate a frightening and unreasonable cer­ to an end, but in order to reloca_te the has gone a long way in providing funds tificate that the operator of a barber or thousands of Jews still being supported for ERP, sometimes referred to as the beauty shop must sign in connection with in displaced persons camps in Europe. Marshall plan, or the Bevin plan, by The state of Israel is ready and willing cosmetics used on the customer and the burdening the American taxpayers un­ cosmetics sold at retail. There are some to assume the burden, now being borne der the pretense of fighting communism by the United States, to sustain and re­ companion bills, one of which has been in fore~gn countries. offered by the gentleman from Oklahoma habilitate these harassed people. The On yesterday the vanguard of commu­ saving in dollars alone, aside from the [Mr. RIZLEY], which are identical with humanitarian motives involved, should nism invaded this Capital. I have never this measure. · be sufficient incentive for the United seen such a motley multitude of alleged At the present time the cosmetic sup­ States to so proceed. misplaced persons and · colored supple­ plies that a barber or beautician uses on President Truman is quoted ·as saying ments. They insulted both Houses of the the customer, which are the tools of their that the Jews always pay their deb_ts. Congress of the United States. Strange trade, are subject to the tax. They pay No one can gainsay that. It is high time as.it may seem, the other body Seems to this tax when they buy the supplies.. If for the world to begin to pay a small part have ·got excited and passed a bill to they sell cosmetics at retail, they do not of its debt to them, a debt created by the bring in 200,000 more of them. I hope pay the tax when they buy the cosmetics; blood, bones, and ashes of Jews the world the House does not make that mistake. but they collect the tax from t;he cus­ over. These Communists even went down to tomer when they sell it retail and then Let us prove we still have the intesti~al the White House and insulted the Presi­ transmit. This double system of taxa- · fortitude that conceived this Nation ·and dent of the United States. tion leads to endless confusion and hard­ made it great. ·They attempted to insult every Mem­ ship and re-quires the signing of a certifi­ The time to act is now. Let us go for­ ber of Congress. In the na:me of com­ cate which contains this statement: _ ward under the banner of ,liberty before mon sense, how long are we going to It is understood that the fraudulent use it is too late. Stop talking-act. tax the American people, appropriate of this certificate to secure exemption will /'

7072 .CONGRESSIONAL .R.ECORD-HO.USE JUNE 3 subject the undersigned and all guilty par­ time, and passed, and a ·motion to recon­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ties to a fine of not more than $10,000 or sider was laid on the table. imprisonme~t for not more ~han 5 years. Mr. LANHAM asked and was given per­ DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY APPROPRIA- mission to extend · his remarks in the In order to eliminate this certificate, TION ACT, 1949 RECORD and include an editorial. we are removJng in this bill the tax on Mr. VANZANDT asked and was given those cosmetics that the barbers and · Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Speaker, I move permission = ~ extend his remarks in the beauticians use on· customers in their that the House resolve itself into .the RECORD and include an address delivered shops. It does not affect the tax on cos­ Committee of the Whole House on the by him on Memorial Day. metics generally. If a barber or beauty State of the Union for the consideration Mr. LEA asked and was given permis­ shop sells cosmetics at retail, the tax will of the bill (H. R. 6772) making appro­ sion to extend his remarks i~ the RECORD. be paid the same as a drug store or priations for the Department of the Navy department store . does at the present and the naval service for the fiscal year THE CRITICAL NEED FOR HOUSING time. ending June 30, 1949, and for other pur­ Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. RICH. When the · barber pur­ poses; and pending that motion, Mr. unanimous consent to ·extend my re­ chases those cosmetics, does he pay the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that marks at this point in the RE_CORD. tax the same as I do if I go to a store general debate continue not to exceed The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and purchase them? 3 hours, the time to be equally divided the request of the gentleman from Vir­ Mr. CURTIS. He has to do it both between myself and the gentleman from ginia? ways at the present time. He has to pay Texas [Mr. THOMAS]. There was no objection. the tax now when he buys cosmetics to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, it is un­ use in his shop. If he buys some to· sell the request of the gentleman from Ver­ necessary for me to remind any Member to his customer, he does not pay the tax mont? of the House of the critical need for on that, but must collect from the cus­ There was no objection. housing which exists throughout our tomer and remit the tax to the Govern­ Nation. . From my own observation and ment. That is where the confusion CALL OF THE HOUSE from comments made to me by other arises. Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, I make Members, it is apparent that the situa­ Mr. RICH. When he buys it origi­ the point of order that a quorum is not tion is most acute with respect to vet­ nally, he has to pay the tax; and if he present. · erans and families of low income. The sells it, then he· does not have to collect The SPEAKER. Obviously a quorum is housing shortage is national in scope and the tax. Is that what you are try- not present. it presents a problem urgently calling for ing to do? . Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move national legislation. Mr. CURTIS. No; that is not correct. a call of the House. Most of all, I think we need to provide Mr. RICH. Then why should not the A call of the House was ordered. additional incentives for private builders barber buy it and resell it when the tax which will enable our system of free en­ is being paid? The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ terprise to supply more adequately the Mr. CURTIS. He does not do that. lowing Members failed to answer to their housing units needed. He must account for the tax on that names: Definitely we need a permanent ex­ which he retails the same as any other [Roll_No. 90] tension of title VI of the National Hous­ seller of cosmetics. . Anderson, Calif. Hartley Nicholson Barden Heffernan Nodar ing Act to assist in home financing on the Mr. RICH. In. other words, everybody Bell Hendricks O'Toole basis of current ·construction costs. is going to be treated right, but nobody Bland Holifield Owens There are ·many evidences also that we is going to be eliminated. Boykin Jenkins, Pa. Pat terson need to provide a secondary mortgage Mr. CURTIS. On the retail sale of Buckley Jennings Pfeifer Bulwinkle Johnson, Ill. Powell market and additional devices fot stimu­ cosmetics-that is correct. Byrne, N.Y. J.ohnson, Okla. Riley lating the financing and construction of Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, will Chiperfield Johnson, Tex. Rivers cooperative housing, particularly for the gentleman yield? Clark Kearney Robertson veterans. · · Mr. CURTIS. I yield. Clippinger Kee Rooney Coffin Kefauver Russell Although there is divergence of opinion Mr. DOUGHTON. This bill was care­ Cole, Kans. Kelley Sadowski concerning the propriety of · Federal fully considered and unanimously re­ Cole, Mo. Kennedy Scoblick assistance in connection with slum clear­ ported out by the Committee on Ways Combs Kilday Scott, Hardie ance and subsidized housing for low­ Cooper King Shafer and Means. After full consideration, it Cox Knutson Sheppard income families, it is my feeling that the was decided that it is a meritorious bill. Dawson, Ill. Lane Short entire House membership should have an Mr. RICH. All I am interested in is Dirksen Lichtenwalter Sikes opportunity to participate in and listen seeing that everybody pays and that you Dorn Ludlow Simpson, Ill. Durham Lusk Simpson, Pa. to full debate on these proposals, with treat everybody alike. Elliott McCormack Smith, Maine a view to determining their feasibility The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Engle, Calif. Macy Somers and to taking such action as appears to the request of the gentleman fl·om Ne­ Fernandez Madden Stigler be wise. Fuller Meade, Ky. Thomas, N.J. braska? Gore Miller, Calif. Tollefson For many weeks I have been hoping There was no objection. G-wynne,· Iowa Monroney Twyman that the Committee on Banking and Cur­ The Clerk read the bill, as follows: Hale Muhlenberg West rency would complete its deliberations on Harless, Ariz. Mundt Whi ttingtoo. Be it enacted, etc., That section· 2402 (a) several proposals before it and report a of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, The SPEAKER. On this ron call, 341 bill to the House :floor. It is gratifying is amended by inserting before the period Members have answered to their names, to note from this morning's newspapers at the end thereof a comma and the follow­ a quorum. that housing legislation has been placed ing: "except when sold to any person operat­ on the must list for action at this session ing a barber shop, beauty parlor, or similar By unanimous consent, further pro­ establishment for use in the operation ceedings under the call were dispensed of Congress, and that the committee thereof." with. chairman expects to report a bill early That section 2402 (b) of the Internal Rev­ next week. enue Code, as amended, is repealed. COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY I sincerely hope that a proper measure The amendment made by this act to sec­ Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask will be presented promptly for considera­ tion 2402 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code, tion by the· House and that there will as amended, and the repeal of section 2402 unanimous consent that the Committee on Banking and Currency may sit during be ample time for full and complete dis­ (b) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amend­ cussion of all the controversial proposals, ed, shall become effectiye on the first day general debate this afternoon to con­ to the end that legislation may be enacted of the 'first month which begins more than sider the subject of housing. t-o meet the pressing needs of our Nation. 10 days after the date of the enactment of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to this act. the request of the gentleman from EXTENSION OF REMARKS The bill was ordered to be engrossed Michigan? Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, some and read a third time, was read the third There was no obj~ction. time ago I inserted in the RECORD an edi- 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE I 7073 torial with reg-ard· to the -Mundt-Nixol} which come under consideration by the -on other peoples or other territories, bill. I would like to add a supplement to Appropriations Committee. • We are, however, qetermined to stand fo ~ that in the form of an editorial which ap­ Now Mr. Chairman, I do not intend to and by the ideals and principles of our peared in the Washington Post . this take ~uch time. Before I discuss the own Nation. We will never abandon or morning. items of appropriations which are before compromise these ideologies because of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to you for consideration I wish to empha­ those, either at home or abroad, who are the request of the gentleman from size the fact that the world stands today working to destroy our democracy. Michigan? on the threshold of its greatest oppor­ America must be strong. It must . be There was no objection. tunity. I believe we will seize that op­ secure against aggression, both military portunity. I feel that this may be hu­ and ideological. ·America-mqst be ready DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY APPROPRIA­ manity's last opportunity. ·I pray God to meet every cpntingency. Our armed TION ACT, 1949 . the day may, come when there is no might, reinforced and sustained always The SPEAKER. The _question is on longer a need for any Army or any Navy. by the loyalty and determination of our the motion offered by the gentleman · The arrival of that day can be speeded people, .backed. by our great productive from Vermont [Mr; PLUMLEY]. by the reasonable maintenance of Amer­ strength, must be adequately maintained · The motion was· agreed to. ica's -might until the hopes and dreams until we are able to prevail upon other · Accordingly the House resolved itself · of today are· translated into the living, nations to accept judicial settlement of into the Committee of the Whole ;House effective world organiz&tions of tomor­ international disputes as a substitute for on the State of the Union for the con­ row. That happy event will be post.­ the horrors of war; and to establish per- sideration of the bill H. R. 6772, with poned and perhaP.s may never materi­ petual peace. . · - · . Mr. R:izLEY in the chair. · alize unless America retains and develops_ The challenge of peace runs the whole The Clerk read the title of the bill. a Navy which will be capable of snuffing gamut of the challenge of life itself. By unanimous consent, the first read­ out any threat against .the just and en­ Just as individuals· are judged by their ing of the bill" was dispensed with. during peace for which the entire world . ability to meet the emergencies of life, Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yearns; so it is also with nations. To meet such . yield myS-eif ·2·0 minutes. · . _ . ·. . Today America stands as the bulwark exigencies is by no means an easy task. Mr. Chairman, the Subcommittee on of liberty, -the last resort, the :t:inal field ·We shall make it no easier by refusal to Appropriations for the Navy -commenced on :which. those may land who fight or face the facts. . . . . its consideration of appropriations for hav:e fought lor liberty upon this planet. We.c must never forget . that it is the There are two conflicting concepts of respect for our power. of enforcement the Navy for fiscal1949. w~y back on the 18th day of November, last. . gove~nment, the clash. of which resounds that makes it possible for us to admin­ ·around the world to(iay. Upon the out­ ister law not the language of. the law Then we suspended operations uptil come of this conflict depends the future itself, the parppment · on which it is the original estimates were recejved early of the world. The two conflicting ideolo­ in January. As I :recall it, we went to wfitten, nor the names of signatory pow- gies and doctrines of government cannot ers thereto- appended. . 'work again on the 14t;h .of Febru~ry . . :We : co.exist ·.-in the world. That is a fact . were again interrupted around the 17th Therefore, we must be well .prepare_d . which must be faced factually. and have an ·overpowering military. of March when action on the original By force of circumstances, the United estimates was discontinued pending re­ naval, and air force establishment which States has been driven into a position will command and deserve respect and ceipt of supplemental requests, the fir~t of world leadership, never sought; has be able if necessity requires to enforce of which reached us around the 8th of been compelled to become the world's April. Then, on the 13th of May, V?e our demand that the world shall be at banker, the world's Samaritan of mercy, peace. received the second S\JPPlemental. esti- the world's coordinator of unity, facing . , mate, held the necessary hearings, and - Otir people- want peace and security . facts so realistic as to be beyond: the The peace of- the world and the security finally were able to mark up the bill and bourne of wishful thinking. It is our present it for the consideration -of the of all requires the maintenance by us God-given destiny. of a strong national defense. Congress full committee which reported it without Ever~ Americ~q and ~11 Americans amendment yesterday. has provided and will continue to pro­ have bUt one concept of government: vide the necessary funds for the main­ I should say in passing, as did J. Mason That is to assure that every man may live ·Knox, that- tenance of an army. a ilavy, and an air in peace with his neighbors. That may force to guarantee that the United It is not the guns or armament be local, but it has become the burden of States will :continue to be supreme · on Or the money they can pay, our national . responsPJiJity to see, to it the land, on the sea, and in the air. It's the close. cooperation. that . the peoples o.f the world! beyond That makes them win the day. So, Mr. Chairman, we have brought our own local orbit, shall have the same you this bill to appropriate what we be­ It is not the individual rights of self-determination as ours. Or the army as a whole, lieve to be sufficient funds to carry out But the everlastin' teamwork Whether we like it or not, we are forced such an American program, to build and Of every bloomin' soul. to assume that burden of responsibility. to operate and to maintain a navy ade­ We either have to carry it out or quit. quate to meet the demands of the oc­ The subcommittee has been particu­ We will not quit. casion, to measure up to our burden of larly fortunate in the assignment to it I have the peculiar notion that the responsibility for world leadership of its executive secretary, Kenneth people of the United States- are God's which is our destin·y. · Spr ~nkle, who knows the Navy from top chosen agents to undertake to see to it I will now discuss briefly some of the to bottom and, always ready to supply that the peoples of every nation shall be . items to which I think your attention us with the informaation we sought, has enabled to carry out civilization's pro­ made a very great contribution which I gram, to choose their own form of gov­ should be called with respect to the bill am sure all members of the subcommit­ ernment. That is for what we fought,· which is before you for consideration, tee appreciate very thoroughly. right or wrong, in World War I and in making appropriations for the Depart­ While we congratulate our friend and World War II-or else we fought in vain. ment of the Navy and the naval service collaborator, the gentleman from In­ We have fought in order that small, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1949. diana, Representative NoBLE JoHNSON, on weak nations might be made free, that As you will observe if you read the his nomination by the President to be they should not ·be overrun, despoiled, report which we l ... ave submitted in ex­ judge of the Court of Customs and Pat­ and enslaved. We poured millions of planation of this bill, the budget esti­ fighting forces and millions of dollars mates were $3,927,738,700, as against ent Appeals, and approve the President's which we recommended an appropria­ selection so made, we realize that what in munitions and supplies of war into the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals the theater of war to that end-in order tion of· $3,686,733,250, which represents has gained is our loss as well as the loss of that such a war as that of which we were a reduction below the budget estimates the whole House. The gentleman from a part might determine the fact that all of $241,005,450. Indiana is an outstanding and very able men might be free. · _ COST OF THE NAVY lawyer and particularly well informed on Americans are not warmongers. We As suggested in ·the report, the -com­ all matters with respect to expenditures are not militaristic. We have no designs mittee believes that it has an obligation .7074 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 to impress upon the country the fact that .petroleum to meet the requirements of we are today operating a larger naval . . I Ma.fntenance costs, exclusive of laYing-up charges this cDuntry need not be argued. establishment than the current appro­ Appropriation title priations will support in normal times, ISLAND GOVERNMENT due to the fact that the Navy is still .. 1947 1948 1949 We reduc~d the appropriation for this· living, in considerable part, on its war­ item in the amount of $250,000, for we time inventory. Maintenance, Bu- felt that the program should be reduced reau of Ships: · more rapidly than· present plans how The table on page 3 of the report Repairs, etc _____ $27,032,000 $20, 300, 000 $15, 622, DO? shows that the actual cost of the Navy Supplies and contemplate for, that the best interests in 1947 was considerably in excess of the equipage •••••• ·5, 970,000 a, 300,ooo a, 128,000 of the Government of the United States appropriation, which. was also the case in SubtotaL ••• 83, 002,000 23,600,000 18,750,000 and the people governed will be served Ordnance and ord- thereby and by a more aggressive pro­ 1948. We estimate that in 1949 the ex­ nance stores_------a, 658,300 5,299, 934 1, 001,250 cess will be $1,300,000,000. The question Maintenance, yards gram attempting to put these island and docks ______7, 340,867 7, 972, 402 6, 973, 714 people on their own resources. which will confront Congress eventually Pay and subsistence. 133, 211, 000 133, 211, 000 133, 211, 000 PENALTY MAIL is this: Are we going to continue even Aviation, ~avy _____ 100,700 100, 700 100,700 larger appropriations to· maintain the In line with appropriations carried in same size Navy, or can we safely main­ TotaL ••••••••• 77, a12, 867 70,184,036 60,036,664 other bills, we denied the $2,500,000 re­ tain our place in the world with a smaller t Includes pay only of 1,000 officers and 13,800 ei).IlSted quested for this facility. one? men assigned to reserve fl eet in 1949. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE The truth is, Mr. Chairman, that when CONTINGENCIES ·oF THE NAVY We recognized the importance of the you look at these appropriations you We allowed the full amount of the program carried on by this omce. We should consider the fact that we are approved the consolidation ·of three for­ taking advantage of the supplies now budget estimate, which is $12,000,000, an increase .over the 1948 amount because mer appropriation titles, reduced the on hand which the Navy can utilize, appropriation $442,000 by reason of such which supplies w111 undoubtedly be ex­ of a desire to allow the Secretary ample funds to meet unforeseen contingencies. consolidation, and suggested a revision hausted before another bill for appro­ of the pricing procedure in connection priations for the Navy is brought before RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT with the sale of charts and maps to meet the House for consideration. I cannot We allowed $45,000,000 for basic re­ the actual cost of production. see how, after the supplies now on hand search under the appropriation "Re­ are exhausted, there can help but be a BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEir-TRAINING AND search, Navy,'' which, with various other EDUCATION bill for a larger amount for appropria­ titles throughout the bill, provides a total tion brought before the House for. its of $268,000,000 for research. As appears in the report: consideration by reason of the fact of the I am inserting a table which shows the The committee has approved the proposal necessary rehabilitation and the pur­ comparison as between the amounts we to consolidate under this one title several chase of new supplies. I pass that out items that were formerly carried separately have recommended and those available under the following titles: "Naval training for your consideration. for the same purpose in the current fiscal stations at Great Lakes, Ill., San Diego, FLEET year: Calif., and Newport, R. I."; "Naval War- Col­ Now, as to the fleet, we gave a lot of lege"; and "Instruction, Navy"; and recom­ Appropriation 1948 1949 mends an appropriation of $13,000,000, a re­ time and consideration to the matter of duction of $745,000 below the estimate. The the size of the fleet. consolidation was proposed by the Navy fn We are very sure that the appropria­ Medical Department, Navy__ $2, 842,344 $2,935,663 order to secure more efficient and more eco­ tions which we have recommended will Maintenance; nomical administration and on that account BurAccountseau of ______Supplies an.d permit the Navy to allocate 277 major 1, 000,000 500,000 the reduction tnade in the estimate should , combatant ships and 486 auxiliary craft, Bureau of Ships ______45,000,000 ao,a50, 000 not result in any curtailment of the various Aviation, Navy______75,000,000 110, 000, 000 or a total of 763 vessels to the active fleet Maintenance, Bureau of programs involved. in the fiscal year 1949. This will leave in Yards and Docks.------900,000 1,644, 743 WELFARE OF NAVAL PERSONNEL Ordnance and ordnance the reserve fleet, 644 major combatant stores. __ ------______52,500,000 65,030,000 This new title contains a consolidation of and 1,215 other vessels, or a total of 1,- Ordnance for new construe- two appropriations formerly carried as "Li­ tion ______------__ ----- 17,933,650 10,827,575 879 in an inactive status. Increase and replacement of braries, Navy," and "Welfare and recreation, The reserve fleet continues to be one -of naval vessels (armor, arma- Navy." The committee has approved an ap­ ment, and ammunition) ____ the major war reserves of the Nation. Research, Navy______9, 120,795 2, 063,420 propriation of $2,400,000, a reduction of Consisting as it does of groups of modern 84,000,000 45,000,000 $110,000 below the estimate. Here again con­ 238, 296, 789 solidation should produce more effective use preserved ships with which tbe active TotaL------··-----·- 268, 351, 401 of funds and secure the same service for a fleet could be quadrupled in size as lesser expenditure. quickly as crews could be assembled, it In the report which is before you, we OFFICER CANDIDATE TRAINING must be protected as a real national stated: asset. . The committee recommends $12,000,000 For the information of the general In the reduction of $8,108,000 made 1n the under this title which is the same amount as estimate for "Research, Navy" the commit­ originally recom~ended by the committee public I am including a table which tee has declined to approve the request of in the 1948 bill. After strong insistence by shows the make-up of these fleets and $5,000,000 which was set up in the justifica­ the Navy, however, the committee :finally their costs: tions simnlv as a contingent item. The com­ agreed to an appropriation of $15,000,000, Reserve fleets, vessels and maintenance costs, mittee suggests that for ensuing years. the which has been proven to be more than the fiscaZ years 1947, 1948, and 1949 appropriation structure be so readjusted that Navy could use. As of April 30, 1948, with 83 . this appropriation will not carry the cost of percent of the year past, only 61 percent or production of synthetic training devices, $9,216,000, had been obligated in the fiscal Average vessels in reserve fleets inasmuch as the bureaus using such devices year 1948. The committee wholeheartedly should provide the funds therefor. Only in approves of the program but can see no need Type of vessel· 'that way · can the expenditures of funds of appropriating more money than the Navy Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal under this title be restricted to actual re­ can absorb. 1947 1948 1949 search purposes. • The committee feels that In connection with all programs for .edu­ Combatant______reimbursement should be made to this ap­ cating, developing, and training officers the 693 664 663 propriation by the bureaus which order pro­ committee feels that the Navy should take Minecraft_Patrol craft______------_ 137 141 141 duction work for their own purposes. more positive steps to see that a reasonable 72 72 72 Go~ernment 546 554 552 NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES amount of service is given to the x~i~:~:_-_-_-: :::======411 449 451 after it has paid for the training and de­ We approved the budget estimate in velopment of an officer, than bas been given SubtotaL______1, 859 1, 880 1, 879 District craft______125 141. 141 full to carry on the w.ork in Naval Pe­ 1n many cases in the past. Floating drydocks------4 liO · liO troleum Reserve No. 1 and approved $14,- NAVAL RESERVB SubtotaL______------129 191 191 600,000 additional for exploration in The committee recommends $125,000,000 TotaL______1, 988 2, 071 2, 070 Alaska. That there is an absolute neces­ for this program, a reduction of $4,224,350 in sity to locate all possible sources of the estimate. This program has the full ap- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE '1075 proval of the committee and the reduction is priation during the fiscal year 1946. The We reduced the approt>riation for not made with the purpose of curtailing it. Bureau considered it most advantageous that "Transportation and recruiting" to the However, through April 30, 1948, only 67 such an arrangement be granted. It will tune of $1,800,000, for there is no indica­ percent, or $67,000,000 of the 1948 appropria­ thus be seen that the amount available in tion had been obligated. With such a record the fiscal year 1949 will be the same as the tion which would lead us to believe that of performance up to the present time, the new authority which has been made avail­ the expense incident to transportation committee does not see how the Navy"can use able in the fiscal year 1948. The committee and recruiting will be any greater than more than $125,000,000 for 1949. is of the opinion that the Bureau of Ships during the fiscal year 1948. with the amount provided can continue to NAVAL ACADEMY We allowed the Bureau of Supplies maintain the fleet in good condition during and Accounts $200,000,000 for its mainte­ Let me call your attention to what we the fiscal year 1949. nance, which is . the same amount as have to say about the operation of the BUREAU OF ORDNANCE allowed in 1948. You will notice that Naval Academy and again quote from there was available in 1948 a direct ap­ the report, as follows: On the same page you will find also a table showing the appropriations for propriation· of $150,000,000 plus transfer The committee recommends $5,020,000 for 1948 and the budget estimate for 1949 authority of $50,000,000. operation of the Naval Academy. The com­ We have suggested that the Bureau mittee is astounded at the number of resig­ and the amount which we recommend nations from the service of graduates of the for ordnance and ordnance stores: give its fUll attention to ~nd concentrate Academy within a very short time after com­ The committee recommends an appropria­ upon inventorying and cataloging the pletion of. their scholastic work. tion of $210,000,000 under this title which material on hand and that which is be­ Thirty percent of the Naval Academy class gives the program $26,000,000 above the 1948 ing returned from overseas, at the which graduated in June 1945 resigned from appropriation while cutting $56,860,000 from earliest possible date. the service upon completing 2 years' active the total budget estimate. The original FUEL, NAVY duty. The committee is not in accord with budget estimate submitted in January re­ the Navy Department's policy that 2 years' quested $195,650,000. So far as "Fuel, Navy" is concerned, active service in the fleet is an acceptable The committee could not help but notice we recommended an appropriation of minimum: return to the Government for the the lack of coordination between many of $65,000,000 which is $11,000,000 above the excellent education provided to these young the requests of th. Navy in the hea~ings on amount available in the current fiscal men. It, therefore, urges that the Depart­ the original budget. Time and time again year. As pointed out in the report, this ment initiate changes which would require, assurance was given that the budget as first is an item which is subject to consider­ except in extenuating circumstances, tha.t presented was in complete balance and that able variation as prices continue to rise. each graduate of the Naval Academy who is to change any part of it would be to throw physically qualified be required to accept a the remainder into disorder. However, when BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY commission and to serve on active duty for a the supplemental estimates were considered We have recommended an appropria­ minimum of at least 5 years before his resig­ it was clearly evident and admitted that tion of $40,000,000 for the Bureau of nation will be considered. many of the items being requested in the Medicine and Surgery, which amount Similarly, action shoula be initiated to se­ supplemental were nothing more or less than represents a reduction in the estimate (.'\ll'e modification of legislation to msure corrections of the original budget and the adequate return to the Government for its committee could only come to the conclusion of $343,000 but an increase of $2,500,000 expenditure on Naval Reserve officers' train­ that in many cases the opportunity to sub­ over the amount available in 1948. ing graduates. It is considf!red that at least mit a supplemental estimate was used to The Medical Department is the only 3 years' active duty, and preferably 5, fol­ request items which had been rejected by one, so far as we know, which actually lowed by duty in the Reserve element~ would the Bureau of the Budget in the original shows, already, some of the benefits te a more equitable return to the Govern­ presentation. This holds true not only for which may be derived from unification ment. the Bureau of Ordnance, but iii most of the of the services. Although even here there It is placing a most unfair burden on the other bureaus' requests as well. In some are further possible economies in sight, taxpayers of the United States to provide cases requirements were listed 9 or 10 times we learn that the Navy and the Army such an outstanding education as given at greater than they were only 3 months ago. are cooperating and each has made the Naval Academy and in other officer­ The committee realizes that the situatlon training programs of the Navy, only to have has greatly changed since the original presen­ available to the other its hospitalization the officer resign from the service upon grad­ tation, but •this criticism is directed to obvi­ benefits and services. uation or relatively soon thereafter. . ous adjustments in the budget not related BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS In the act for 1948 the committee inserted directly to new developments. Insofar as the Bureau of Yards and a provision· limiting to 1,025 the number 0f enlisted men of the Navy or Marine Corps I am inserting these portions of our Docks is concerned, we appropriated that could be assigned at any one time to report in this RECORD because I think the $17,550,000 above the 1948 figure. duty at the Naval Academy. The committee people of the country are entitled to the When it comes to moving Navy person­ has denied the request to delete this limita­ information which the subcommittee nel to the Pentagon Building, we think tion, as it was shown in the hearings that that is a matter which should be handled present~d in its report to the full com­ the number of men so assigned was consid­ by the Public Buildings Administration. erably below the limit set in the law. mittee, which report is before you as you consider this bill. The statements were We discuss that on page 12 of the report, BUREAU OF SHIPS carefully made, and I know of no better to which I call your attention. This brings us to consideration o{ the way to get the substance before you and BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS Bureau of Ships and the question: of its before the country than by frequent ref­ I think the people are entitled to know maintenance. If you will look at your erence to and quotation from the report. the details with respect to our approprfa.. report, you will find on page 9 a table tion for the Bureau of Aeronautics-ex­ which is self-explanatory. I will repeat, BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS cluding construction of aircraft-and however, what we of the suhcommittee When it comes to the Bureau of Sup­ what we have to say about "Aviation, told the full committee with respect to plies and Accounts we recommended the Navy"; so I am going to insert, with your this matter: full amount of the budget estimate for permission, the statement which we The committee recommends an appropria­ pay of naval personnel, $1,215,912,000. made in our report: tion of $350,000,000, which is $17,443,000 be­ low the total estimate, and $37,157,000 above Bureau of Ae1'0nautics (excZuding construction of aircr.att) the original estimate for this purpose sub­ 1949 mitted. in the regular budget. For '!;he Increase (+) or decrease (-), fiscal year 1948 a total amount of $370,000,000 bill compared with- was available in this appropriation by reason 1948 approprl- Total1949 Amount recom- ations budget estimate mended in bill of the direct appropriation of $320,000,000 for 1949 Appropriations, Budget est!· plus a transfer of $50,000,000. At the re­ 1948 mates, 1949 quest of the Chief of the Bureau of Ships a proviso was carried in the First Deficiency $411, 000, 000 $617, :;:68, 000 Appropriation Act, 1948, allowing the use of $575, 000, 000 +$164, 000, 000 -$42,268, coo $20,000,000 of 1948 "Maintenance, Bureau of Ships" funds for the purpose of liquidating roTE.-1949 estimate for "Construction of aircraft'~ of $315,ooo,coo (of which $150,000,000 is to liquidate prior con­ tractual authority) plus new contractual authority of ~588,000,GOO carried in the Supplemental · ational Defen se obligations incurred under the same appro- Appropriation Act, 1948. · .7076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

CONSTRUCTION OF AmCRAFT propriation "Increase and replacement of the lack of equipment, and so forth? The accompanying bill carries no appro­ of naval vessels, construcqon, and ma­ If that equipment is available for the priation for the construction of aircraft inas­ chinery," and a transfer of $1,700,000 to next fiscal year, will they not need more much as that ·program was carried in the "Ordnance for new construction" from money to· carry on their activities? Supplemental National Defense Appropria­ the appropriation "Increase and replace­ Mr. PLUMLEY. The gentleman is tion Act of 1948. Under that act there was appropriated the sum of $315,000,000 in cash, ment of naval vessels, armor, armament, absolutely right in respect to that. But plus contract authority of $588,000,000. Of and ammunition," which makes a total we have allowed them $25,000,000 more, the cash appropriated, $150,000,000 was to of $16,000,000. or 25 percent more than they have for liquidate contract authority previously In this total appropriation is carried the present year, and it should be ample. granted so that in all a new ptogram in the $5,200,000, in round numbers, to cover Mr. VAN ZANDT. In other words, if amount of $753,000,000 has been given to the the beginning of work on the new 65,000- a deficiency is necessary, the money will Navy during the present session of Congress . ton super aircraft carrier of the ftush­ be appropriat~d . for the procurement of aircraft. ~eck type. ·There is no need for legisla­ Mr. PLUMLEY. We are in full ap­ AVIATION, NAVY tion authorizing the construction of this proval of the program. But, as I stated, An appropriation of $575,000,000 is recom­ super aircraft carrier, for it is author­ the facts are that only 67 percent of the mended for this title which is divided into ized under the Vinson-Trammell Act money we appropriated was used or obli~ three categories: namely: Replacement of which limits the amount of tonnage for gated up to April 30, 1948, and on that navigation and radio equipment, $25,000,000; construction purposes to which the Navy basis we could not find ourselves justi­ maintenance of aviation shore establishment, $440,000,000; and research and development, · is entitled. fied to allow any more than we did. I $110,000,000. The bill approves in full the You may be interested to know that we assured them, and I assure the gentle­ amount requ~sted for research and develop­ approved language making permanent man, that you will find this committee ment, but reduces the estimate for mainte­ a prohibition against using any of the cooperating with them; in fact, the Naval nance of the shore establishment and opera­ balances remaining in this appropria­ Reserve is this committee's baby. tion of aircraft by approximately $41,000,000. tion for the start of new construction of Mr. VAN ZANDT. I commend the Under the supplemental request the Bureau any type. We went further than that, gentleman and his committee for their of Aeronautics proposed the reopening of 14 for · we declined to approve language additional air stations. The committee does consideration of the· Naval Reserve pro­ not believe that the reactivation of so many which we were requested to insert to gram. stations is necessary, but rather that it would make balances of the appropriation Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, will be more economical to increase activities at available for the pay of people engaged the gentleman yield? stations already in full commission. in technical services and the purchase of Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield to the gentle­ It has often been stated by the Navy that plans and other supplies involved in the man from Massachusetts. their stations were only allowed to operate at construction of vessels heretofore au­ Mr. HESELTON. I recall in reading a fraction of their normal capacity. The thorized. We did not feel any such the hearings that the chairman of the committee believes that it would be a better practice to open fewer additional stations and language was necessary for the pro­ committee raised a question in connec·­ thereby save money which would otherwise gram which has been operating through tion with the activities of the Naval Re­ be needed for additional administrative ex­ 1948 did not carry any such language, serve in New England, and received some pense involved in the operation of a greater and no question with respect thereto or assurances, though there appeared to be number of activities. with respect to the right to so operate a lack of interest in the postwar devel­ The revised estimate proposed the opera­ has been raised by any agency having opment of the Naval Reserve, that they tion of 8,035 aircraft in the Regular Navy and jurisdiction. would receive favorable attention. Are 2,678 in the Reserve program. Another ex­ There is no legislation in this bill which ample arises here where stocks of consider­ those 'assurances satisfactory? able value are drawn from existing inven­ requires a rule. Mr. PLUMLEY. I think so. tory. New planes are not coming into the So, briefly, I have covered the out­ Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will fleet to equal the rate of use and conse­ standing items to which your attention the gentleman yield? quently the Navy will be required to draw should be directed. Anything which I Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield to the gentle­ some planes from the supply in storage. have omitted will be discussed by other man from New York. Language is carried authorizing the ex­ members of the committee. Mr. KEATING. Did the gentleman tension for· 1 year of the unexpended bal­ This is a good bill and a fair bill. Suf­ gain the impression over-all, and did ance of the appropriation "Aviation, Navy, ficient money is appropriated thereunder the member's of this committee gain the 1946." Certain important contracts--some dealing in research and development work­ for the Navy in order for it and America impression, at least at the conclusion of undertaken under this appropriation have to maintain their place in the sun. these hearings, that the Naval Reserve been delayed through causes beyond the con­ Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, will program would have the wholehearted trol of the Navy. Testimony indicated that the gentleman yield? cooperation of the Navy Department and the contracts could not be terminated with­ Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield to the gentle~ that that program would· go forward? out definite loss to the Government. The man from Kansas. Mr. PLUMLEY. Yes. other course of permitting the obligated bal­ Mr. SCRIVNER. In connection with The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen­ ance to lapse would require the contractor to collect through complicated claims pro­ penalty mail, I think it might be well tleman from Vermont has expired. · cedure and would thus work an undue hard• · to point out that we were informed that Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield ship on the contractor as well as additional by eliminating this section it would also myself 20 additional minutes. cost to the Government in the long run. It avoid the necessity of using between 65 As the gentleman well knows, it has 1s anticipated that during the fiscal year, and 68 employees who did nothing except been quite a difficult situation by reason 1949 these matters can be concluded. monitor this mail through, an absolutely of some things perhaps that we should MARINE CORPS futile service. not talk about, in the nature of jealousies, We have approved the full budget esti­ Mr. PLUMLEY. Yes. and the right to use armories, and the mate of PaY for offieers and pay of en­ Mr. SCRIVNER. When the NATS right to use facilities, which has pro­ listed men in the Marine Corps, but we . carried the rp.ail, the mail was carried hibited the growth of the Naval Reserve cut the appropriation for pay under the free and that organization handled bet­ to the extent which the subcommittee, Reserve program of the Marine Corps by ter than $5,000,000 worth of mail each and I am very sure the whole Commit­ about $500,000, which cut is justified by year. tee on Appropriations, would like ·to see the situation which obtains with respect ·Mr. PLUMLEY. The gentleman is it grow. Those things are being ironed to the Naval Reserve. correct. The cut was justified. · out. The national necessities are such Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Chairman, will that these little petty obstructions are SHzyBUILDING the gentleman yield? being removed gradually and the field With respect to shipbuilding, we rec­ Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield to the gentle- for the development for the Naval Re­ ommended the approval of the original man jrom Pennsylvania. · serve is expanding, and we are glad budget estimate in the amount of $56,- Mr. VAN ZANDT. In cutting the ap­ of it. 800,000 for "Construction of ships," propriation for the Naval Reserve, I Mr. KEATING. I have heard of those $9,470,000 for "Ordnance for new con­ wonder if the committee took into con­ same petty jealousies on many occasions, struction,'' a total of $66,270,000. sideration that the program of the and I commend the chairman and the We approved a transfer of $14,300,000 Naval Reserve was somewhat stymied committee for the fine work they have to "Construction of ships" from an ap- during the present ftscal year by reason done in endeavoring to overcome those 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7077 and to get the Navy Department to push sippians, of whom it was once said tha.t Some people not only intimate but they forward this Naval Reserve program in "he needs no monument save the inde­ · even say out loud that we do not need a every way .possible. structible substance of his own greatness Navy. In truth and in fact, we are far Mr. PLUMLEY. Well, I do not speak to commend him to the consideration of from living in a push-button age, as far for the Navy, but I am very sure the all coming ages." as war is concerned. We have always Navy is in close cooperation with the Caleb Cushing once said that "he was needed a Navy, and as far as I can tell Naval Reserve. eloquent among the most eloquent in de­ now we always will need a Navy, and Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Chairman, if bate, wise among the wisest in counsel, a good one. Today the Navy has con­ the gentleman will yield further, is the and :Jrave among the bravest on the bat­ centrated its activities more or less on gentleman satisfied that the Regular tlefield." two big points among other things, but Navy Establishment is giving to the Bishop Calloway once said of him: certainly the prime interest of the Navy Naval Reserve all the cooperation neces­ Marvelous, many-sided, masterful r.1an. today falls into two important cate­ sary? His virtues will grow brighter and his name gories: One, naval aeronautics with its Mr. PLUMLEY. Yes. I reiterate my be writ larger with each passing century. floating bases that go really to the iron statement that the Regular Navy Estab­ When andther hundred years have passed pits of the enemy nation; and two, the lishment is giving the cooperation which away, no intelligent voice will fail to praiSe submarine warfare, the detection of en­ the Naval Reserve is entitled to. There him. No patriotic hand will refuse to place emy submarines and their destruction; may be some folks in the Navy who would a laurel ·vreath upon his radiant brow. and, certainly. the protection of our own like to sink the Naval Reserve, but the The Daughters of the Confederacy are ships, commerce, and trade against en­ Regular Navy Establishment is for the responsible for Memorial Day. They emy submarines. Naval Reserve program. started it in 1866 at Columbus, Miss., in They ask, Where is the danger from Mr. VANZANDT. I think the gentle­ the district I have the honor to represent. naval activity against the United States? man will confess that the Naval Reserve In decorating the graves of the Confed­ That may be a very good question but, program of today represents one of the erate dead, they decorated alike the to be perfectly frank about the matter, best Reserve programs of our national graves of the Federal dead who were and to call a spade a spade-and I think defense establishment. buried in the same cemetery. it is high time that we did that in this Mr. PLUMLEY. Your cannonball That incident brought from the pen of country-we must ·admit that Russia questions are going to embarrass me be­ the Honorable Francis Miles Finch that does not have much of a navy. I use fore long. I do not want to discriminate immortal poem called The Blue and the the .word "navy" in the sense of battle­ between different branches of the Navy. Gray that will .live as long as the Stars ships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroy­ Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will and Stripes continue to :float over a free ers, and the thousand and one other the gentleman yie:d? people, as long as the sweet- strains of types of ships they need to make a well­ Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield. Dixie shall continue to stir the southern balanced navy. But what about sub­ Mr. KEATING. The gentleman was heart with its sweet but melancholy marines? It is generally agreed, and referring only to-the Navy when he made pathos. ' we know it to be a fact, that when·World that answer, was he not? The inland river referred to is ,the War II started, ·as far as we were con­ Mr. PLUMLE".:r Correct. Tombigbee, on whose banks. these vet­ cerned Germany had only 50 submarines. Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, will erans .were buried. Certainly this country has not forgotten the gentleman yield? In that poem Judge Finch said: and it will never forget in many many Mr. PLUMLEY I yield. By the fiow of the inland river, years to come just what they almost did Mr. SCRIVNER. Does not the gen­ Whence the fieets of iron have fied, to us with 50 submarines. Well, how tleman mean to say that the Naval Re­ Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver, many does Russia have today? She has serve is one of the outstanding Reserve Asleep are the ranks of the dead: 250 submarines, which is five times as components of the United States? Under the sod and the dew, many as Germany had when she . de­ Mr. PLUMLEY. You boys do your Waiting the Judgment Day: clared war on us and attacked us in 1941. fighting outside. Under the one, the Blue; Under the ether, the Gray. What type of submarines have the Rus­ Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, sians? Are they laid up in pens with­ will the gentleman yield? These in the robings of glory, out adequate, well-trained personnel to Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield. Those in the gloom of defeat, man them?. No. Our information is to Mr. McDONOUGH. Will the gentle­ All with the battle-blood gory, In the dusk of eternity meet: the contrary. Furthermore, it may be man agree that if those in the Navy who Under the sod and the dew, said that when Germany got out of the would like to sink the Naval Reserve were Waiting the Judgment Day: war she was in the process of making successful, they would sink the Navy? Under the laurel, the Blue; the greatest improvement in S\lbmarine Mr. PLUMLEY. I will agree. Under the willow, the Gray. warfare and in the actual construction Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, will Sadly, but not with upbraiding, of submarines the world has ever known. the gentleman yield? The generous deed was done. When Russia captured the northern part Mr. PLUMLEY. I yield. In the storms of the years that are fading of Germany she went in there and took Mr. BRADLEY. I think the gentle­ No braver battle was won: those yards and all of the trained Ger­ man is entirely right in saying that the Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the Judgment Day: mans, technicians, and material where Navy is cooperating with the Naval Re­ those fine, improved German submarines serve, is friendly to it, and wants to see Under the blossoms, the Blue; Under the garlands, the Gray. were being made. As a matter of fact it succeed in every particular. However, the United States got about 3 of those, as the gentleman knows, in life there are No more shall the war-cry sever, Russia some 3 or 4 for herself, but then always differences of opinion. I com­ Or the winding rivers be red: They banish our anger forever she took over the yards, the material, mend the gentleman for his attitude._ When they laurel the graves of our dead! the designs, the plants, and the trained CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL DAY Under the sod and the dew, German personnel, and today Russia, in­ Mr. THOMAS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ Waiting the Judgment Day: stead of having 3 of those big Schnorkels, man, I yield myself such time ·as. I may Love and tears for the Blue; has about 50 of them and they outstrip require. Tears and love for the Gray. any submarine in the world. I now yield to the gentlema-n from Mis­ Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I thank the Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will sissippi [Mr. RANKIN]. gentleman from Mississippi for his con­ the gentleman yield? - Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, today is tribution because I well know that the Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I yield to the Confederate Memorial Day. Throughout Daughters of the Confederacy and the gentleman from Mississippi. the entire South the Daughters of the Jefferson Ladies each believe in keeping Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman from Confederacy are decorating the graves of a great navy, just as the gentleman froi:n Texas a while ago referred to Jefferson our Confederate dead. Mississippi does. Davis' attitude toward the Navy. When Today is the one hundred and fortieth Mr. Chairman, oftentimes today we he was Secretary of War under Frank­ anniversary of the birth of Jefferson Da­ hear the question asked: Just why do we lin Pierce, he had a brother-in-law, vis, the great white chieftain of the Con­ need a Navy? They ask:. Why, when who lived, I believe, in Bethlehem, Pa., by federacy, the most revered of all Missis..;_ we are living in a push-:button age? the name of Brodhead. I believe they 7078 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 were brothers-in-law: Jefferson Davis is not the oldest in .point of service on leadership. I do not know of any finer visited him. He came home and reported the committee among our experts, but I men any place in the country than the that Bethlehem was the place to make will tell .you that he is certainly high up chiefs of the various bureaus of the Navy. our armor plate for the Navy. In that in point of ability and judgment and It is these chiefs who have the responsi­ one movement he probably contributed industry. The Federal Government, and bility and who furnish the. driving power more toward the development of the certainly the Committee on Appropria­ to .make this great Navy click. I may Navy than any other man of that day tions, is lucky to have a man of his high say that the reason these men who have and generation. caliber and his industry and his good these tremendous jobs of responsibility. as Mr. THOMAS of ·Texas. I thank the judgment. bureau chiefs are so good is the. old Navy gentleman from Mississippi for that val­ Certainly I would be remiss in my duty, system. When they take these young uable contribution. Mr. ·chairman, if I did not say that we naval officers, they change them period­ Before I go into the dollars-and-cents gentlemen on the minority think we are ically from job to job and promote them program of the Navy for the fiscal year pretty good, too. from one job to another that is vastly 1949, I would like to say something about Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will different. After they have ser_ved 10, 15, the personnel of our own subcommittee the gentleman yield? or 20 years in the Navy, you have as fine which deals with appropriations for the Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I yield to the a finished product as it is possible for Navy. We think we have a grand com­ gentleman from Missouri. training and experience to make. mittee and I know the Members of the Mr. PLOESER. The majority thinks I might add that the chiefs of these House as a whole will agree with that the gentleman is pretty good, too. It has bureaus carry responsibilities which, if statement. I want to pay my respects not been long since he was on the ma­ they were in private industry, would to our very fine, ·dear chairman, the jority and we were on the minority side. allow them to earn salaries of from gentleman from Vermont [Mr. PLUM­ I think it can be said, certainly in the 6 $50,000 to $100,000 a year. Let it be said LEY]. I do not know of any man in this years that I have been a member of this that some of our Navy chiefs have re­ House who knows his subject any better committee, that there has never been a cently retired and gone into private in­ than does the gentleman from. Vermont. majority or a minority division on this dustry, where perhaps their responsi­ He has been a member of this committee subcommittee. We do notthink in those bilities are less than they were in the for some 10 or 12 years and is a very terms. There is never any action taken Navy, yet they are getting salaries hard worker. Sometimes we members of in those terms. The courtesies of the reputedly as high as $50,000, $75,000, his committee think he is a little bit committee are common to all and the and $100,000 a year. too hard. He likes to drive us about cooperation of the committee is one team. Certainly there is no finer man in the 5 or 6 days out of every week. But he We think in the degree of the proper de­ Navy than the Chief ol: Naval Operations, is a fine chairman and he knows his sub­ fense of the United States, first winning Admiral Louis E. Denfeld. He has been ject; he is a great patriot; he believes a war, and now protecting us from an­ well known to this committee for many in a fine, strong Navy, and as long as other. I think it should be said at this years. We all love him and have respect he is chairman of t::Jat subcommittee you time that the gentleman from Texas, in for him. He is a great administrator, need not have any fear that he will see all his modesty-and he is an extremely and will do a fine job for the Navy. to it that the Navy, according to his modest man-is probably one of the out­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Chairman, will the judgment, gets what is needs to carry on standing authorities on the United States gentleman yield? its necessary functions. We may differ Navy, and I do not know what this com­ Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I yield to the with him on small details, but on general mittee w.:ould do without his keen judg­ e;entleman from Massachusetts. principles· there cannot be any disagree­ ment, and I think that is the opinion en­ Mr. PHIIJ3IN. I want to endorse what ment. joyed by all members of the committee. the gentleman has said in general, par­ Then there is our distinguished friend I did not mean to make this a love feast, ticularly what he has said with reference t:be gentleman from Missouri [Mr. but then I have such great admiration to our distnguished friend, Admiral PLOESERJ, an outstanding Member,. not for the ability of the gentleman from Denfeld. He comes from Massachusetts. only of this committee but of the House, Texas that I simply have to say it. I think he is one of the great military and who has rendered most beneficial service Mr. THOMAS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ naval leaders of our country. to the committee. man, my friend from Missouri is indeed Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I concur 100 There is also the gentleman from In­ generous with his praise. I hope that percent in the remarks of my friend from diana [Mr. JOHNSON], an old-timer in I can live up to it. Massachusetts. Admiral i:>enfeld is a the Congress-certainly an· old-timer on I must say something about our d1s­ great naval officer and a great citizen. the Appropriations Committee. He is tinguished friend the gentleman from There is General Cates, Commandant going to leave us pretty soon. He has Michigan [M.r. ENGEL]. He has been the of the - Marine Corps. He was made all but accepted, as I understand it, an most recent addition to our subcommit­ commandant only a few months ago, but appointment to the bench dealing with tee and, I might say, one of the most the committee was deeply impressed with customs and patents appeals. The peo­ helpful. Of course, we are most delight­ his ability and his good, common horse ple of the United States are indeed lucky ed to w:elcome him on our subcommitee sense. We expect great things of him, to have a man of NoBLE JOHNSON's char­ and we will be glad for him to stay there and we are confident that he will con­ acter and ability on that bench. His for years · and years. The gentleman tinue to lead the Marine Corps and make leaving will be a distinct loss to our from Michigan [Mr. ENGEL], as you it the great organization we all want it committee because today he brings to us know, is chairman of the Subcommittee to be and that it truly is. a lot of good, common horse sense and of the Department of the Army, and I Rear Admiral Hopwood, the Navy balance of judgment, and, in my judg­ do not know of a harder working man in Budget Officer, has been most gracious ment, those three qualities are indispen­ this House than he. He brings to our and helpful to the committee ever since sable in any public man. subcommittee a wealth of good judg­ he assumed his present position. His Then there is our distinguished friend ment, and we are delighted and happy to wide knowledge of the budgetary prob­ the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ScRIV­ · have him here with us, and I hope that blems of the Navy has been most helpful. NER], an able lawyer, considerate of all he will devote as much time and energy In our daily contacts with him through­ of his colleagues and people generally. and constructive work to our subcommit­ out the hearings he never failed to pro­ He also serves on the War Department tee as he does to his own. Such action duce whatever information happened to Subcommittee and, therefore, he brings on his part is going to improve both of be required. I feel sure that all mem­ to our Navy Subcommittee a great deal the services. • bers of the committee will agree with me of information that perhaps we would. We Americans ar·e proud of the tradi­ that his service to the committee, and not otherwise have. He. is a strong be­ tions of our Navy. We have a·great Navy also to the Navy, has been outstanding. liever in unification of the armed serv­ now and we are all proud of it. We have Rear Admiral Pride, Chief of the ices, and, in my humble judgment ~ is had great national heroes and fine solid Bureau of Aeronautics, is a great naval making one of the outstanding records men in our Navy since its 1nception, and officer and a great administrator. of the entire membership of the com­ we have some fine men at the head of the Rear Admiral Sprague, Chief of the mittee . . Navy today. · After all, what makes the Bureau of Personnel, has a great human Our clerk, Mr. Sprankle, is an excep­ Navy? What makes anything else? It touch about him. J think he is well tionally well-informed young man. He is manpower anct human beings and adapted to handling the Bureau of Per- 1948 CONGRESSI0NAL RECORD-HOUSE 7079 sonnel. He gets along -with men.- He try. I hope he stays in · the Navy for point where it ought to be stopped, as is a great administrator. I think he will many, many years to come. long as world conditions are as they are. make a great chief of that Bureau. Another outstanding officer to whom Our abl-e chairman has written a very There is our friend, Rear Admiral I would like to pay a brief tribute is fine report. It is very constructive. I Swanson, Chief of the Bureau of Medicine Rear Admiral Colclough, the Judge Advo­ want to read from his report on the and Surgery. Right here I want to dispel cate General of the Navy. He is soon Bureau of Aeronautics. That Bureau a misunderstanding that has been kick­ leaving. that position, I regret to say, but was cut $42,268,000. The budget recom­ ing around a long time with reference I am sure that all members of the com­ mended $617,268,000, and the committee to doctors. We hear it said that doc­ mittee feel that his direction of that reduced it to $575,000,000. That is a tors are not good businessmen, but I office has been of the highest caliber. rather arbitrary cut. · That fund is for tell you right now, as far as Admiral There have been many kinds of legal maintenance and operation, fuel and Swanson is concerned, he is an out­ problems thrown upon his office and the gasoline and spare parts, and keeping the· standing businessman and administrator manner in which they -have been dis­ airfields going. We are going to open up and, frankly, cne of the finest witnesses posed of is a credit to Admiral Colclough 14 more for the Reserves and for Reg­ I have ever seen in my life before any and his associates. ular training. That cut of $42,268,000 committee. He is really good. He Mr. Chairman, I have talked longer I think is a little deep, again in view of knows his subject, and he is frank and than I intended to talk. I am not going world conditions. For that reason and earnest, just as all of these Bureau chiefs to take but 4 or 5 minutes more. This that reason alone, personally I do not are. He does a fine job, not only for his bill carries $3,686,733,250. The budget think we ought to take a chance by cut­ Bureau, but for the Navy. estimates were $3,927,738,700, which ting it that much. Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ means that the committee has clipped , As I pointed out, there are no funds in man, will the gentleman yield? and shaved the estimates by about $241,- that amount . for construction of new Mr. THOUAS of Texas. I yield. 000,000. I think we shaved the estimates planes. That was done under the Sup­ Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I want to of the Budget Bureau a little too much plemental National Defense Appropria­ pay my compliments at this time to in the case of two or three of the Bureaus. tion Act, 1948, which provided a total of · Admiral Sprague, whom the gentleman I will go into that presently. We reduced $3,198,000,000 for the Air Force and for was gracious enough to mention. I had tne Bureau of Ships on the maintenance the Navy. Of that sum the Navy got ap­ the privilege of serving quite closely with item from $377,443,000 plus $350,000,000, proximately $903,000,000 in cash and him during wartime. I know the great a decrease of $27,443,000. I think that contract authority, but $150,000,000 went job that he did. I am happy that the is a little severe, in view of the fact, as to retire prior obligations for construc­ House should know of your opinion that my distinguished chairman, the gentle­ tion of new planes. That new money and he is doing an equally great job in peace­ man from Vermont, pointed out a while that new contract authority will pur­ time. ago, these Bureaus in the Navy Depart- - chase about 1,500 planes in the next few Mr. THOMAS of Texas. I thank the ment are weakening themselves year by years. gentleman for his contribution. I under­ year to the extent of roughly a billion I would. like to place in the RECORD at stand that he was a great fighting man, · dollars by consuming supplies and ma­ this point the committee's report on as the gentleman has just pointed out. terials that we bought and paid for dur­ "Aviation, Navy." Since I have already The same can be said for Rear AdmiraL ~ ing the war. In other words, we are obtained unanimous consent, I will insert - Foster of the Bureau of Supplies and eating up our backlog. Translating that it at this point in ·my remarks, because Accounts. He is a fine gentleman, a fine one billion dollars in terms of total cost, I think it is a very fine report, and it is officer, and a good administrator. We we are eating our backlog at the rate information that I would like to have feel that he will provide his Bureau with of 25 percent per annum, just like we carried in the permanent record. a first-class business-lil{:e method of are doing for 1949. As long as Russian The report is as follows: management. communism is on the march, we may be AVIATION, NAVY Our distinguished friend, Rear Admiral taking too long a jump. But I am not An appropriation of $575,000,000 is recom_­ Noble, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, going to offer any amendments and I mended for this title which is divided into is fine, frank, and honest; a great officer am not going to quarrel with my col­ three categories, namely: Replacement of and a great technician. The committee leagues about it. Their judgment pre­ navigation and radio equipment, $25,000,- is always delighted to hear him because vailed in the matter. If mine had pre­ 000; maintenance of aviation shore estab­ he knows his subject and we have confi­ vailed I would not have cut it that much. lishment, $440,000,000; and research and de­ Bureau of Ordnance: I am a little in­ velopment, $110,000,000. The bill approves dence in him. in full the amount requested for research Then there is our distinguished friend, clined to think that we made too deep and development, but reduces the estimate Rear Admiral Manning, Chief of the a cut there. We reduced that estimate for maintenance of the shore establishment Bureau of Yards and Docks, the little from $266,860,000 to $210,000,000, a cut and operation of aircraft by approximately Irishman, as we affectionately call him. of about $56,860,000. Perhaps, if that $41,000,000. Under the supplemental req\,lest I do not think there .is any man who does prove too severe, and I am one of the Bureau of Aeronautics proposed the re­ comes before the committee that the those who thinks it does, it can be opening of 14 additional air stations. The committee enjoys having more than him. changed later. After all, the vast ma­ committee does not believe that the reacti­ jority of that goes into maintenance of vation of so many stations is necessary, but Sometimes we do not always agree with ::ather that it would be more economical to him, but in my humble judgment, when our Bureau of Ordnance, and buying a increase activities at stations already in full we have disagreed, I am inclined to think -few odds and ends of short-supply ma­ commission. that the Admiral really knew a little terial, mainly of the new gun type for It has often been stated by the Navy that more about the subject than we did. I aeronautics. It is the job of this Bureau their stations were only allowed to operate think he is a great officer and a fine to' furnish munitions and guns for these at a fraction of their normal capacity. The engineer. He has certainly done a.fine new planes that we are now buying. I committee believes that it would be a better. job for the Navy, and I know he will hope that when we go back in conference practice to open fewer additional stations and thereby save money which would other­ continue to do a fine job for the Bureau the committee will restore that reduc­ Wise be needed for additional administrative of Yards and Docks. tion. expense involved in the operation of a Then there is our old friend, Vice Maintenance of the B'ureau of Yards greater number of activities. Adm. Earle Mills, Chief of the Bureau and Docks: That item was cut $21,772,- The revised estimate proposed the opera­ of Ships. I think among all the Bureau 000. It reduced the total from $171,- tion of 8,035 aircraft in the Regular Navy chiefs, he is perhaps most experienced. 772,000 to $150,000,000. That is too much and 2,678 in the Reserve program. Another He has been in his Bureau far longer, of a cut for that Bureau. Bear in mind, example arises here ·where stocks of con­ much longer, than any of the other there are no funds in this bill for what siderable value are drawn from existing in­ gentlemen that I have named. ventory. New planes are not coming into we call a public-works program-new the fleet to equal the rate of use and con­ Admiral Mills did a great job during construction. This is purely mainte­ sequently the Navy will be required to draw the war in getting the Navy into the nance; and again I say that the Bureau some planes from the supply in storage. shape that it was. He is a fine construc­ of Yards and Docks is eating up its seed Language is carried authorizing the ex­ tion man. He is one of the outstanding corn, its backlog of supplies obtained tension for 1 year of the unexpended balance shipbuilders and engineers in the coun- during the war, and it has reached the · of the appropriation "Aviation, Navy, 1946_._:_ 7080 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· JUNE :3 Certain important contracts-:-some dealing substantial amount of money for peces­ 1n advance but a year and in some cases in research and developmen,t w_ork-under· sary fuel in order to operate the Naval a year and a half in advance. taken under this appropriation .have been delayed through causes beyond the control Establishment, but it is also my under­ If you will turn to the hearings you of the Navy. Testimony indicated that the standing that this committee has felt, will find that the original plan for ex­ contra;:ts could not be terminated without as have all other subcommittees, that penditures in the fiscal year 1949 called definite loss to the Government. The other great care should be taken by the Navy for still further decreases in the mili­ course of permitting the obligated balance Department in spending of these funds tary-civilian personnel and in the Naval to lapse would require the contractor to col· so as not to undertake anything in the Establishment, but, of course, with the lect through complicated claims procedure nature of unnecessary installations · of change in events, the change in the world and would thus work an undue hardship on new oil-burning equipment or converting situation, t..fter those hearings had been the contractor as well as aqditional cost to from coal to oil- burning equipment un­ the · Government in the long run. It is an­ completed-and they were all presented ticipated that during the fiscal year 1949 less a clear case can be shown that it is on the normal 1949 budget-first, it then these matters can be concluded. wise and sound. became necessary to recall the officers of Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will the Navy before the committee to pre­ Bureau of Personnel: I think we did the gentleman yield? sent their new estimates based upon the very well there. 'fhis bill carries for offi­ Mr. HESELTON. I yield with pleas­ changed conditions and their increased cer and enlisted personnel of the Regular ure. needs for the coming year. While there Establishment of the Navy · for 1949 a Mr. PLOESER. Let me say to the _have been some reductions under the total average of 444,675 personnel. gentleman that the committee, I be­ amounts proposed by the Navy, they The funds for fiscal 1948, the year we lieve, concurs without exception in the were not as much as I personally thought· are just about winding up, provided in gentleman's expression of opinion and might be imposed upon them. Know.:. the matter of officers and enlisted men what he thinks should be done. ing them as I do, their keen efficiency, 417,156; in other words we are increas­ I believe it should further be said that their alertness to duty, and their untir­ ing our average personnel strength for we have $65,000,000 in this bill for fuel, ing energy, I thought they could operate fiscal 1949 by 27,519 enlisted men and that probably there is no organization efficiently .with a much smaller sum. officers. That will give us a little larger in America more conscious of the need and stronger Navy in terms of personnel This bill authorizes the expenditure or. for conservation of fuel than the United $3 ,680,000,000, which is a reduction of than we have in the present year. As States Navy. So it is not just a com­ 6.1 percent under the final amount re­ far as I am concerned, as long as world mittee desire, but I think the desire is conditions are what they are, I would be quested by the Navy. It doe~ not inclu~e. inherent in the Navy itself. however, any .funds for the procure~ent willing to increase that personnel an­ Mr. HESELTON. I agree completely; other 100,000 for the.Navy. of new aircraft because that has been . and the Navy, incidentally, should be taken care of in a previous measure The Naval Reserve has been allowed especially commended for the steps they $125,000,000 in this bill. The commit­ which provides the Navy with plane re­ took at shore facilities earlier in the year placements to the extent of $315,000,00Q tee has also had a warm spot in its heart which was of tremendous assistance to for this program. We realize that the of which they were required to pay $150,- the east coast. 000,000 o.n some contract authorizations Naval Reserve is actually the backbone Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal­ of the Navy in case this country goes to allowed, leaving them of that figure a ance of my time. ' net of $165,000,000. But in tha:t . same war. Without the capable services of Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, I the members of the Naval Reserve much plane.procurement bill they were author­ yield 20 minutes to th~ gentleman from ized to contract for an expenditure 9f valuable time would be lost in getting the Kansas [Mr. SCRIVNER]. Navy machine into high gear in case of $585,000,000, which will give . th~ Na~y Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I be­ an available sum to be spent for new hostilities. grudge the necessity for the spending We cannot afford to let anything hap­ planes this year and succeeding years of of these huge sums for national security. $750,000,000. This would make the to­ pen that might discourage this particular I am sure every member of the commit­ function. tal amount available for the Navy, both tee feels the same way. With very few in its ... :tleet ·and aii :fleet, $4,436,000,000. The Marine Corps is increased in offi­ exceptions, I believe the members of cer and enlisted personnel strength for Were it not felt necessary-and I am the fiscal year 1949 up to approximately the Naval Establishment feel the same sure every member of the committee 92,000. · This year it has a total strength way. feels as I do:-in view of the statements of about 87,000. Generally, let me say We felt buoyed up a year ago when made to us· both on and off the record, that we have not forgotten our Marine we could come to the Congress and show this large sum would not be presented to Corps. This year we have given it $340,- where it was possible to make consid­ the. Congress at the present time, be­ 189,000 for its total operations, excluding erable reductions in spending, not only cause we scanned these items as though medical services, which it obtains .from for the Naval Establishment but for the e.very dollar came out of oUr own indi- the Navy, whereas last year it had $302,- Military Establishment as well. You vidual pockets. . . 174,000. will note by referring to the hearings One of the activities which is quite All in all, with the exceptions I have that they began in the middle of March, important to the Navy and to the Nation pointed out, and perhaps some language prior to the President's message in which is that of research and development. In changes on which all of us did not agree the President pointed out the critical this budget the sum of $45,000,000 has but which perhaps can be straightened condition of world affairs. His message been set aside for basic research, be­ out later, I think the committee is now was undoubtedly construed in some cause we feel that now is the time to offering you a good bill and I hope you quarters as a challenge to Soviet Russia. go into your laboratories and your plants will give us your support. Each member of the armed forces, eaoh and your colleges and get the .benefit of The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman witness who appeared before both of thecscientific brains so that they can pro­ from Texas has consumed 35 minutes. these subcommittees, the Subcommittees pose new changes and new modifications Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, I yield on Army and Navy Appropriations, and that will increase the efficiency and the 3 minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ I am a member of both committees,. effectiveness of our armed services. If chusetts [Mr. HESELTON]. stressed the changed conditions. How an emergency arises, you do not have the Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, I critical they are, frankly I do not know. time then to sit down in the quiet of a take this time simply to clarify what I You will recall, too, that the Navy as labratory and plan and draw and work know to be the clear intent of the com­ is the case with the Army, must begin out these various scientific developments. mittee, having discussed it this morning the preparation of their budget for the Then the remainder of the appropriation with the chairman of the committee, fiscal year 1949, which begins on the 1st is for further development of those with the ranking minority member, and of July this year, many, many. months things already discovered. Great strides also with all the other members, I believe, in advance. Many of the facts and have been made. It is not my place nor who were on the :floor. In the absence figures that were prepared had tl)eir in­ is this the time to disclose many of the of the chairman, I wish to.ask this ques­ ception .as far back as a year ago this forward steps_we have taken and many tion of the acting chairman. I realize, of month,. and perhaps .Jqnger thai} that. of the scientific advances w.hich we have course, that this bil( contains quite a So that they .are not only planning weeks made. It is sutiicient to say that the 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7081 advances are amazing. As regards the have the ·views of the Secretary of the ' · Mr. HINSHAW. I think . the figure scientific advances which have been made Navy and others. While much of what that the gentleman has mentioned as a in other countri.es, I will match the they said is not in the record, what is saving is very modest indeed. It might · brains of free Americans against them at on the record is for you to read and judge be twice that much. any time, and when the chips are down for yourself. Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I thank the we will have finer, we must have finer This b'ill does give us, as we have had gentleman for his contribution. I hope and more effective equipment, and we in the past, the best and biggest Navy he is correct. will · have as we have always had, more a:fioat. We sometimes like to think of · Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, will gallant men than -any other nation in ourselves as sitting over here on a large, the gentleman yield? the world. isolated block. of land, with 3,000 and ·Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I yield. A question was asked a few moments 5,000 miles ·o'f ocean oh either side, and Mr. SCRIVNER I believe in connec­ ago about the Naval Reserves. That that we: are· impervious· te attack. That tion with the remarks that the gentle­ matter has been close to our hearts be­ might have been true at one time when man has just made he would be gratified cause W€ know the value and the contri­ we had to expect that attack only from upon reading the hearings to find the bUtion of the civilian components to the the surface of the ocean. It is my studied · amount of money which has been allo­ armed services, whether it is the Army opini.on that if and ·when any other cated for the procurement of these very or the Navy_ or. the Marines. We have conflict comes, this Nation-and I am aviation training devices of which he is been strong for that progr-am because we not an alarmist-will be· the first target speaking.· would like to see as many young Ameri­ because we h_ave prov-en twice in two Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I thank the cans as possible participate in a program great world wars that· American yout]J., gentleman. where they can get naval and military American farms, and American factorie·s In this connection I -do recommend training without disrupting their civilian az:e able to stop those who would make that our present operational :flight train­ pursuits. The result is that we have in­ a conquest of the world. So if a third ers be kept in proper shape and utilized creased this year the Naval Reserve ap­ conquest is sought, naturally, we shall be to the full for the training of pilots to propriation 25 percent over 1948, in spite the first target. Therefore it is vitar in :fly our present-day aircraft. · of the fact that after 82 percent of the the defens·e ·of this Nation and for the 'With the development·of new electronic year ·had elapsed they hid only expended' security o{ this Nation and .the security colnputets, new training' devfces ·must be 67 percent of the funds made available of our homes and our .very lives that we · made so that our pilots wm ·not only be last year. We a:r:-e confident· that this do have command not only of the surface t~ainedv to :fly the new airplane of the program, with these additionai appro-· of the ocean but of the skies above. With future but.also so that we may·work out pr:iatioris, will grow and make its usuar these appropriations which you are mak-. in advance the new tactics which· will be addition to the military strength of the ing .available now, I atn sure we can rest needed in this high-speed warfare. Nation. secure. in' the fact that we shall even­ I further recommend that niuch of As · the chairman and others have tually be able to· control both ·the sea and our· training equipment be inade· mobile. · pointed out, since the budget originally the air and, with'that control, our·Nation The last w·ar certainly should have taught presented· was prepared, there .has been -will be seaure: us ·the value of having equipment which a sharp increa~e in. the price of fuel and Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I could be moved from place to place and therefore it was necessary in the . sup­ yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from thus be utilized not -only in providing· plemental budget to increase the appro­ Connecticut [Mr. SEEL'Y-BROWNJ. needed services but just as importantly priation just to take care of the cost of Mr. SEELY -BROWN. -Mr. Chairman, avoiding enemy attack. Rather than the fuel alone. It was also necessary to I wish to thank the gentlemen of the build elaborate fixed bases to be used as increase in the supplemental budget the subcommittee for giving me this oppor­ training centers for certain specialized items of subsistence, .. or._ food, because tunity to speak briefly on a matter which · fields df training, I suggest· we keep our food prices, too, have. gone up·· as,many is of mu'ch conc-ern to me. · · training equipmeht'mobile so that it can other prices have. - As we keep on appropriating billions be sent wherever needed . . Anather one· of ·tqe bureaus close to ~ our hearts, and it is an important one of dollars for·our defense and prepared­ You and I have the responsibility of as . you can recognize, is the Bureau of ness program, I keep asking myself this making sure that the American aviator is Aeronautics, the aviation branch of the question~ How much, if any, of this money still the best aviator in the world. Navy, which is now becoming its para­ is being spent to' save operational costs? Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, will mount activity. Not only do you have Let me illustrate. the· gentleman yield? naval aviation, but included in that you One of the most important problems Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I yield. have· ma:rine aviation as welL · ·This sup- - fac~ng us today is the training of our · Mr. PLUMLEY. The subcommittee is plemental bill will . provide sufficient pilots.' We have heard much discussion in .full accord With the suggestion· that ., funds for the Navy to operate 8,000 on the :floor of this House as regards the the gentleman makes with regard to the planes in the Regular Navy and 2,700 methods for procuring the necessary ma­ program which should be followed. planes in the Naval Reserve, so that they terials needed to build and :fly our air­ Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I thank the can carry on with their training, their craft. But thus far I have heard little gentleman. aviation activities, and then when and discussion as regards to the methods to The CHAIRMAN. The till}e of the gen­ if any emergency arises, which we trust be used in the training of the men to :fly tleman from Connecticut has expired. will not, these men who performed so our planes. In this connection, the value Mr. THOMAS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ well during World War II will again be of synthetic training must not be over­ man, I yield 5 minutes to. the gentleman able to give this Nation that glorious looked. From the dollars-and-cents from California [Mr. HINSHAW]. service that they have given in the past; · basis, it costs between $10v and $3QO an Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. ·chairman, in One question has been raised that I hour to :fly operational aircraft. · The line with the remarks ma.de by the gen­ think should be discussed. If you care proper use of synthetic training d~vices tleman from Connecticut, I would like to to read it for yourselves you can turn to can save between 15 and 25 percent of compliment him for _}?ringing ·up that the supplemental hearings that are avail­ training :flight operation, a very real sav­ subject, because it is a very important able. That was the question of the 65,- ing in dollars if we are seriously consid­ one indeed. 000-ton aircraft carrier. I have listened ering a 70-group air force and an ex­ I would like to mention for a moment to and read everything that I could get panded naval aviation program. this supercarrier that is being p'roposed hold of both for and against. I am not I do urge that our synthetic training for the Navy. It is one of four that have yet convinced that this is the answer to program, so brilliantly conceived by Ad­ been proposed to be built. There has the problem they are seeking to solve. miral deFlorez while he was in the Navy, been a very great question in the minds The commitfee recommended that this be expanded not only in the interests of of a number of persons who are inti-· should be included. I opposed that ac­ training better pilots, but also in the in­ mately familiar with the armed services tion. We discussed it thoroughly in terest of national economy. as to whether or not this is an advisable committee and we discussed . it both on Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, will move. As the chairman of the Combat ancl off . the record. ·We have the views the gentleman yield? . Aviation Subcommittee of the Congres­ of the chief of Naval Operations and·we Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I yield. sional Aviation Policy Board, I made the 7082 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 recommendation unofficially that this is not too expensive for the results to be gentleman· from Vermont about its diffi­ subject be submitted to a committee or achieved, then I would be wholeheartedly culties. ~ · bo~rd composed of relatively -disinter­ in favor of it. · However, so far, the deci­ I dislike very much to disagree with ested persons for a decision as to whether. sion on that matter has been unilateral my distinguished colleague from Cali­ · or not it was a thing that. was feasible on the part of the Navy Department, and fornia [Mr. HINSHAW], but I believe that before the construction was entered from certain documents which I have the big carrier provided for in this bill is upon. Unofficially, I suggested Dr. Van­ had the privilege of reading, emanating fully justified and that this Congress nevar Bush as a proper chairman for from the Navy Department, that action should approve it. I do not think we can such a group, as he has for a long time probably was taken because the Navy De­ write strategy in Congress. I believe we been familiar with the details of national partment believes that unless it engages must leave that to the people who know defense. You see, there is involved in in strategic bombing· it ma~ lose its pre­ something about the workings of ships this business, not only the matter of a eminence among the armed services. and fleets. carrier, which may cost a very great deal That is a decision, of course, which is Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. of m-oney, something on the order of up to the Secretary of National Defense. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? $125,000,000 to $180,000,000 and perhaps I have recommended to him that care­ Mr. BRADLEY. I yield. $200,000,000 before they get through, but ful consideration be given to this subject, Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. How all of the task-force vessels that neces­ more than has been given it. In other many years has the gentleman now sarily go along with such a carrier. It words, we may have a billion dollars or would mean smaller carriers to provide speaking served in the naval service? so worth of vessels tied up to handle a Mr. BRADLEY. A little more than 43, for its air defense; it would mean anti­ r~latively few aircraft for . a striking submarine vessels to keep submarines off force. It may be that a billion dollars I may say to the gentleman. such a carrier. It would mean a:ntiair­ worth of vessels for this purpose is worth Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. He is craft cruisers and auxiliary vessels of all while. It may be that it is entirely too a retired naval officer? kinds, many thousands of tons of ship­ expensive an undertaking. I. suggest Mr. BRADLEY. I thank the gentl~­ ping more than the supercarrier itself. again that this matter be submitted to man; yes. That carrier can handle a reiatively an impartial but competent board to fig­ Mr. Chairman, the Navy of the United small number of strategic-type aircraft, ure out, and that before further appro­ States has made fewer mistakes in de­ namely, bombers. Those aircraft, be­ ·priations are made, that board should be sign and construction than any other cause of the weight of the undercarriage, called upon to report to the Congress as navy of modern times. I will stand solid­ and other factors necessary for use off to the advisability of continuing in this ly on that statement. The Navy has of a ca:rrier, would have a so·mewhat lim­ program. made a few mistakes, such as the buildjf1.g ited range. That is, a range limited in The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of the 13,500-ton MississipPi and Idaho comparison with a commensurate size gentleman from California [M;r. HIN­ after completion of the 16,000-ton Con­ airplane which used a land airfield as SHAw J has again expired. necticut class, but those mistakes were its take-off point. Of course, that car­ Mr. . PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, I made, and reqUired chiefly, by the Con­ rier perhaps can be moved closer to a yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from gress when it specified exactly what the potential target which is outside of the California [Mr. BRADLEY]. Navy should build and just what size each Western Hemisphere than could one of Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, I lis­ unit should be. Since those restrictions these other types of airplanes, and it tened with great· appreciation and in­ were removed, the mistakes have been might be sent i1;1to a place which would terest to the fipe presentation made by mighty few indeed. be unavailable to any other of our armed the chairman of the subcommittee, the There are differences of opinion in services. On the other side there is the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. PLUMLEY]. naval matters, of course. The_gentleman question of its vulnerability to being sunk I think it was a very nice piece of work, from Texas [Mr. THoMAs] remarked that or rendered uninhabitable by radiation and we are grateful for it. The· gentle­ the Navy had come largely to consist of products, and there is a great question man from Washington [Mr. JoNES] and aviation and submarine activities. That also as to whether or not the aircraft 1; appeared before this Subcommittee on is correct as far as it goes, but there is that take off from it can land again on Appropriations to present certain re­ considerable error in it, because there are its deck. In all probability such aircraft quests in regard to increased funds, par­ two very measurable services besides could not be landed on its deck after hav­ ticularly for_ maintenance of ships. We those :nentioned. ~mphibious warfare ing once taken off. are happy to note that those requests were is one of the greatest developments of There are a number of factors involved very largely granted by the committee. modern times, and it is absolutely neces­ which I do not want· to discuss, because, I was particularly interested in the sary to keep prepared for lt. ·. This is after all, they a;re of a nature that sho:uld comments of the gentleman from Texas largely in the hands of the Marines at not be discussed in a public forum. But [Mr. THoMAS] . in regard to ordnance: the present time. · Also, you cannot get in any· event, it was our conclusion that and I think his statements are extremely along without surface -ships. Warfare this entire matter should be submitted well founded. cannot be waged overseas without a sur­ to the decision of an impartial board. At the beginning of the last war, we face fleet for combat. . Throughout the It has not been so submitted. The ves­ heard complaints repeatedly that we history of the world, from the time of sel is not approved by the Joint Chiefs should have had better antiaircraft de­ the Carthaginians to the present, that o{ Staff, because there is objection from fense in the fleet. The answer was one nation which controlled the sea has been one member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. thing and one thing only-lack of money dominant in the world. It . has been I read in the paper the other day that the to develop such defense. You cannot de­ dominant for better or for worse, but objection came from the Air Force. It velop a new type of defense without larg~ · it had control and exercised it. I do comes from the Air Force because in the expenditures. If anyone had been fool­ not know whether control of the sea assignment of roles and missions, strate­ ish enough to go before one of our con­ in the future will be through surface gic bombing was assigned to the Air gressional committees prior to the war ships, submarines, or aircraft, or through Force, yet this is obviously a strategic­ and ask for $50,000,000 for a;ntiaircraft a combination of these services. No one bombing undertaking. gun development, it is probable that he of· us knows, but vie do know that today The CHAIRMAN. The time of the would have been called crazy. If he had the surface ship still plays such a part gentleman from California [Mr. HIN­ asked for $100,000,000, some would have in war that no nation can possibly wage SHAW] has expired. suggested sending him to jail indefinitely an effective war without a surface :fleet. Mr. THOMAS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ as a menace to society. The simple truth A nation must have ships for convoy pro­ man, I yield the gentleman two addi­ is that we spent hundreds of millions in tection. A nation must have thousands tional minutes. the development of antiaircraft defense of ships .to work against submarines. Mr. HINSHAW. I wonder, in our during World War n and we finally came Aircraft are very valuable for such opera­ consideration of this subject, whether it out with some marvelous equjpment-­ tions but they can·no~ take the place of would not be advisable, before-we go too equipment that can only be developed the pat~o~ ship at night and in stormy far along, to have such a study under­ with money. So -I hope if the Bureau of weather. taken. If the study proves that this is a Ordnance runs shor·t·of funds, it will come The CHAIRMAN. The time ·of the feasible type of undertaking and one that back to ·this subcommittee · and · tell the gentleman from California has expired. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7083 Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield order and to · r·evise and extend my re­ States, by money, by arms, and in every five additional minutes to the gentleman marks. way possible, and doing so openly. · Yes­ from California. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection terday Mr. Bevin asserted that they · Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, I was to the request of the gentleman from New would continue to supply arms and they · particularly interested in the comments York? would continue to supply money to the of the gentleman from Texas, in regard There was no objection. Arab States, knowing that the Arabs are to the various chiefs of bureau and other Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Chairman, I rise at the aggressors. They have been so found officers. I concede they are fine gentle­ this time to· call to the attention of my by the United Nations; they have been men and deserving of the kind things he colleagues some of the facts which are so found by world opinion, and yet said about them. But we are a Nation contributing to the rapidly deteriorating nothing is done to stop them. Great which is very prone to forget. Already situation in Palestine and the Middle Britain can stop them if Beven wants to we are forgetting that during the last war East. stop them. we had some very eminent and some very First let me say that I have just WILL OPPOSE ECA AID TO ENGLAND prominent officers among whom were learned of the heroic death in Israel of a I want to take this opportunity, Mem­ three of our four-star admirals, Raymond young man from New York to whom free­ bers of the House, to call to the attention Spruance, Kent Hewit, and Tom Kincaid, dom and justice were more than words. of the committee that tomorrow when we all of whom will be demoted on the 1st of Lt. Morris Rosenbaum, a veteran of the debate the appropriation bill under the July unless this Congress acts before it Army Air Forces in which he served as a European recovery program I intend to adjourns. Never before that I know of navigator in rank of , who introduce an amendment striking out all have we demoted the men who have was shot down over Hungary and a led our Navy in great battles and our aid to Great Britain, and I also want to prisoner of war for 13 months in Ger­ serve notice on the committee now that · armies in great campaigns. I am de­ many, decided some weeks ago that the if that amendment is voted down I, and lighted to hear that the gentleman from war against fascism had not. been fin­ New York [Mr. ANDREWS] has a bill many of us in this House who voted for ished. the Marshall plan, who voted for the pending which will permit these three He enlisted in the Haganah. · He went European recovery plan, will vote against officers in particular to retire in their to Palestine a month ago. Now he is the appropriation. - present rank. dead. There is no reason in the world why Mr. HESS. Mr. Chairman, will the How he died, his parents in Brooklyn our money should go over to Great Brit­ gentleman yield? do not yet know. They lmow only that ain to be used .to build up and create an­ Mr. BRADLEY. I yield to the gentle­ he laid down his life that Israel might other world war, which is what is hap­ man from Ohio. live. penjng over there. Here we are appro­ Mr. HESS. The bill to which the gen­ Had he continued his studies at Cor­ priating all this money for the Army and tleman refers was reported unanimously nell University, he would have obtained the Navy. I voted for it and, I think, by the Committee on Armed Services on · his degree in engineering in a short time. properly. last Tuesday. Lieutenant Rosenbaum was an accom­ But, what are we doing here? We are Mr. BRADLEY. I thank the gentle­ plished athlete and a t9Jented painter. helping Great Britain. We are helping man. I appreciate that. I certainly He could have, had he chosen, lived in countries who are trying to Icill and knife hope the bill will come to the floor of the comfort. the United Nations, which is an organi­ House for consideration and that we There was something bigger than he zation formed to prevent future wars; shall be able to allow these three very was which impelled him to offer that last we are helping Great Britain, which is fine officers to retain their rank. great sacrifice for the sake of an idea. deliberately sabotaging the United Na­ Mr. HESS. It is on the Consent .Cal­ Mr. Chairman, an idea which commands tions. endar and should be reached on Monday such devotion must command our re­ next. spect. I hope that the example of BRITISH MILLIONS GO FOR BRIBES TO AR~BS Mr. BRADLEY. I appreciate the gen- Lieutenant Rosenbaum will lead us here I do not say that the money that we tleman's statement. , to do everything in our power to insure are going to give them under the foreign­ Mr. Chairman, the Navy has been the survival of Israel in the family of recovery program will go to the Arabs, aviation-minded for years. The Navy nations and to protect it against the but we have their own admission that ordered its first planes in 1911. At that combined Arab and British war of an­ they are giving millions and millions of time it bought two planes, even before nihilation. dollars of their own money to the Arab some members of this committee ·can In New York the Fur Workers Union, states. They give $8,000,000 a year to remember. I had the pleasure then-=-a composed of hardworking people whose Transjordan. There is $38,000,000 that pleasure as I look back at it now, but I incomes are far below the luxury level, they admitted giving under treaty obli­ did not think it was so much of a pleas­ has chosen to donate 50,000 hard-earned gations, as they call it, to the different ure then-of flying in both of these dollars. from its treasury to the new na­ Arab states. They say that they have planes, which looked like box-kites with tion of Israel. treaties; that they have contracts with chain-drive propellers. The Navy has We read of these selfless act of hero­ these states that they have to live up to ·never ceased in its development of avia­ which means that they are going to give ism ~d of sacrifice by humble individu­ tion and it has been about as thoroughly als with admiration; yet here at home them arms which they know are being progressive as any service could be, but, and in Great Britain the responsible used to create a war and kill innocent as you gentlemen of the committee know leaders of the governments in power are and defenseless people everywhere, espe­ from your own correspondence, you can­ doing nothing to halt the carnage in cially in Israel. not please everybody all the time. Palestine. How can you justify the fact that the · Mr. Chairman, as long as the Navy Ernest Bevin, the anti-Semite at the taxes of the American people are being has this subcommittee of which the gen­ head of England's foreign affairs, con­ raised to send money over to Great Brit­ tleman from Vermont [Mr. PLUMLEY] is tinues to defy decency and the United ain, when they . obviously do not need the able chairman, and has the services Nations with his bold bribery of the cruel our money? If they need money, then of these distinguished gentlemen who King Abdullah. they should not give it away as they are have spoken on the floor as members of doing. Yet they are using our money, that subcommittee, the Navy need fear Foreign Minister Bevin has exposed possibly, for some relief purposes, but nothing in its legitimate development his bald anti-Semitic bias often enough taking their own money they could in the future, but will be very, very well in his public pronouncements. America use for self-rehabilitation and giv- treated by the Congress. will not soon forget .his sneering refer­ . ing it to the Arab states against· all jus­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ences to New York City. tice and decency. That is exactly what gentleman from California has expired. BRITISH ACTIONS CANNOT BE JUSTIFIED it amounts to. I hope the Members will Mr. THOMAS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ The aid that Great Britain is giving give this thought, and will support my man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman to the Arabs cries aloud to the conscience amendment when I introduce it tomor­ from New York [Mr. KLEIN]. of the world. It is impossible to justify row. Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Chairman, I ask the action of Great Britain. The British Otherwise, all our protestations against unanimous consent to proceed out of are encouraging the aggressors, the Arab the totalitarianism of the Soviet Union 7084 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 ·and its satellites becomes empty phrases, . President, who speaks of friendship for Israel The bill was order-ed to be engrossed "full of sound and fury and signifying and sympathy for the cause of freedom. and read. a third time and was read the When reactionary Greece called for help nothing." We must make American de­ against her own citizens we responded third time. mocracy mean something besides the sub­ promptly and in a manner that said the need The SPEAKER. The question is on sidizing of reactionary regimes through­ was so urgent the United Nations must be the passage of the bill. out the world if we are to lead the world bypassed. The bill was pa.Ssed. toward our kind of democracy, which I Was that just because Great Britain de­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the believe and assert is the best kind of cided it would suit the British book to have table. our money and our arms and our food poured democracy. . WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION In yesterday's New York Post I found into Greece to keep British commitments? It was. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask an editorial so succinct in expressing my When Turkey· called on the grounds of own feelings today that, under unani­ unanimous consent to take from the pressure from Russia, we responded e,s Speaker's table the joint resolution mous consent to revise and extend my promptly, with the same aid, and with the remarks, I am inserting the full text of same excuse. (S. J. Res. 98) providing for member­ the editorial at this point. It says, in When fascist-minded China-now allied ship and participation by the United words clearer than I can find myself, with Great Britain and the Arabs--called for States in the World Health Organiza­ what millions of Americans feel today. help against her native revolting populations, tion and authorizing an appropriation we responded in the name of freedom. therefor, with a House amendment [From the New York Post of June 2, 1948] But while Israel is being slaughtered, we -thereto, insist on the House amendment, HAS THE PRESIDENT SURRENDERED AGAIN? sit on our hand.s, moutbing empty phrases of and agree to the conference asked by (By T. 0. Thackrey) courtesy, denying arms, help, or effective sup­ port-because Britain wouldn't like it. the Senate. It is now perfectly clear that the Arab It has been clear for some time that Hitler The Clerk read the title of the joint Legion will accept a cease-fire order from the conquered Bevh1 even after death. resolution. · Security Council and a truce any time it be­ Has Bevin, and the Hitlerian code of death The SPEAKER. Is there objection to comes useful in stopping an Israel counter­ to Jews, now captured the Presidency of the the request of the gentlewoman from attack. United States'/ Or is it merely cowardice and Ohio? [After a pause.] The Chair But not before. cupidity that have won the day? hears none, and appoints the· following Israel has accepted every dead line--and Answer, Mr. President. conferees: Mrs. BoLTON, Mr. JuDD, and issued its cease-fire orders--and has resumed Freedom is being slaughtered in Palestine. battle in every instance only when required Is Britain's reconquest of America to be so Mr. COURTNEY. to defend against renewed Arab attack. complete-and so easy? Paid for, that is, by NAVAL VESSELS The most outrageous and tragic farce in Israel's life? history continues to be enacted at Lak~ Suc­ Mr. HESS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ cess--while men, women, and children are Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, it is mous consent to take from the Speaker's being slaughtered in Palestine by invading made to appear that there are no fur­ desk the bill to authorize the that the Senate recede from its disagreement The conference report and statement to the amendment of the title. are as follows: Secretary of War to proceed with con­ The original authorizations for military struction at military installations, and construction by the Army and Air Force for CONFERENCE REPORT for other purposes, and ask unanimous the fiscal year 1948 were contained in H. R. The committee of conference on the dis­ consent that the statement of the man­ 4122 and S. 1676, companion bills, which agreeing votes of the two Houses on the agers on the part of the House be read were introduced in the House and Senate amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. in lieu of the report. last year. Both of these bills were favorably 2359) to authorize the payment of a lump The Clerk read the title of the bill. reported by the Committees on Armed Serv­ sum, In the amount of $100,000, to the village ices. As reported, they would have author­ of Highland Falls, New Yox:k, as a contribu­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ized a total expenditure for military con­ tion toward the cost of construction of a t.he request of the gentleman from Mas­ struction of $247,530,659. water-filtration plant, and for other pur­ sachusetts? S. 1676 subsequently passed the Senate poses, having met, after full and free confer­ There was no objection. without amendment and hence would have ence, have agreed to recommend and do The Clerk read the statement. authorized the expenditure of the sum just recommend to their respective Houses as The conference report and statement stated, namely, $247,530,659. follows: are as follows: Although H. R. 4122 provided for the ex­ That the House recede from its disagree­ penditure of an equal sum, no further action was taken on this bill by the House. In lieu ment to the amendment of the Senate to CONFERENCE REPORT . the text of the bill and agree to the same thereof, a new bill, H. R. 6342, was intro­ with an amendment as follows: In lieu of The committee of conference on the dis­ duced, which reduced the total authoriza­ the matter proposed to be inserted by the agreeing votes of the two Houses on the tion to $207 ; 930.~50. By this action a saving Senate amendment insert "$85,000"; and the amendments of the House to the bill (S. of $39,600,309 was e:tfected by the House. Senate agree to the same. 1676) to authorize the Secretary of War to This saving was brought about by the That the House recede from its disagree­ proceed with construction at military in­ omission from the new bill of a number of ment to the amendment of the Senate to the stallations, and for other purposes, having specific projects which were included in H. R. title of the bill and agree to the same with met, after full and free conference, have 4122 and which also remained in S. 1676 as an amendment as follows: agreed to recommend and do recommend to it passed the Senate. The projects elimi­ In lieu of the amended title proposed by their respective Houses as follows: nated were selected by the Army and Air the Senate, amend the title so as to read: That the Senate recede from its disagree­ Force as being, of lesser priority than those "An Act to authorize the payment of a lump ment to the amendment of the House to retained in the new bill. The reduction of sum, in the amount of $85,000, to the village the text of the bill and agree to the same $39,600,309 in the total authorization repre­ of Highland Falls, New York, as a contribu­ with an amendment as follows: sented the sum total of the estimated cost of tion toward the cost of construction of a On page 15 of the House engrossed amend­ these individual projects which were omitted. water-filtration plant, and for other pur­ ments, lines 4 and 5, strike out "family During the consideration of H. R. 6342 by poses."; and the Senate agree to the same. quarters so constructed" and insert in .lieu the House an ~mendment was adopted con­ thereof the following: "in any case in which GEORGE J. BATES, sisting of two provisos, the legal effect of the construction at any station of family which is as follows: L. C. ARENDS, quarters having a net floor area in excess :. To prohibit the use of funds authorized W. STERLING COLE, of one thousand and eighty square feet is LANSDALE G. SASSCER, in this bill for the construction of family Managers on the Part of the House. prohibited by the provisions of the foregoing quarters having a net floor area .In excess of proviso, an equal number of family quarters 1,080 square feet per family unit; and CHAN GURNEY, having a net floor area not in excess of one 2. To require that all family quarters con­ RAYMOND E. BALDWIN, thousand and eighty square feet may be con­ structed with these funds be of the multiple BURNET R. MAYBANK, structed at such station and any funds saved ·type or apartment type except under certain Managers on the Part of the Senate. ~s a result of the construction of such specified conditions which would warrant smaller family quarters or as a result of the a departure from this policy. STATEMENT succeeding proviso may be utilized to con­ The practical effect of this amendment The managers on the part of the House struct family quarters having a net floor would be to permit an additional saving at the conference on the disagreeing votes area not in excess of one thousan~ and eighty because of the limitations as to the size and of the two Houses on the amendments of the square feet at any Army or Air Force station type of dwellings which may be constructed. Senate to the bill (H. R. 2359) to authorize scheduled tor retention tn the· permanent H. R. 6342 originally contemplated the con­ the payment of a lump sum, in the amount Military Establishment: Provided further, struction of 3,559 detached and semidetached of $100,000, to the village of Highland Falls, That family quarters constructed with the family units of varying sizes. By resorting N. Y., as a contribution toward the cost of funds authorized for appropriation herein"; to the multiple or row type of construction construction of a water-filtration plant, and and the House agree to the same. and by limiting the net floor area of all XCIV-447 7086 CON_GRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE JUNE 3 units to a maximum of 1,080 square feet, the on Public Works, the bill shall be read for necessity for this legislation, and there is same total number of family quarters can be amendment under the 5~minute rule. At no need for me to urge you to vote for provided at an estimated saving of $13,• the conclusion of the consideration of the this resolution providing for its consid­ 298,910. bill for r.mendment, the Committee shall rise Following the passage of H. R. 6342, the anc:r report the bill to the House with such eration. Senate bill, S. 1676, was taken from the amendments as may have been adopted and This bill, as I understand, is unani­ Speaker's table and was amended by striking the previous question shall be considered :ts mously reported by the committee. There out all after th~ enacting clause and substi­ ordered on the bill and amendments thereto was no objection in the committee. tuting in lie'll'-thereof the language of the to final passage without intervening motion Mr. Speaker, I reserve the remainder House bill. The House also amended the except one motion to recommit. of my time, . and I now yield 30 minutes title to conform with the separation of the to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. Army and Air Force under the Unification Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield Act. myself 5 minutes, Cox]. The Senate ~eceded from its insistence Mr. Speaker, this resolution provides Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, there is no upon the restoration in the bill of authoriza­ consideration for H. R. 6419, a bill au­ desire to consume any time on this side. tions totaling $39,600,309 which had been thorizing the construction, repair, and ,Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Speaker, I move deleted by the House. . preservation of certain public works on the previous question. The Senate receded from its disagree­ rivers and harbors for navigation, :flood The previous question was ordered. ment with the provisos adopted by the control, and for other purposes. The SPEAKER. The question is on House which would prohibit the construc­ agreeing to the resolution. tion of housing with a net floor area in ex­ Those of you who were Members of cess of 1,080 square feet and which would this House during the Seventy-ninth The resolution was agreed to. require that dwellings be of the multiple Congress, and previous Congresses, will A motion to reconsider was laid on type. remember that two omnibus bills were the table. The Senate insisted, however, that the re­ reported each year. The Cemmittee on TEMPORARY EXTENSION OF CERTAIN sulting savings of $13,298,910 which will be Rivers and Harbors reported one omni­ PROVISIONS OF SECOND DECONTROL effected by these provisos be made available ACT, 1947 for the construction of additional · family bus bill, and the Committee on Flood units of the smaller size and multiple type Control reported another. You will re- · Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I call at Army and Air Force station~ scheduled for member that the Legislative Reorganiza­ up the conference report on the bill retention in the permanent Military Estab­ tion Act of 1946 vested the functions of (H. R. 6659) to continue for a temporary lishment. It is estimated that $13,298,910 the Rivers and Harbors Committee and period certain powers, authority, and dis­ will provide for the construction of 876 ad­ the Flood-Control Committee iii the cretion conferred on the President .bY ditional units of this type. The Senate took Public Works Committee. the position that the critical shortage of the Second Decontrol Act of 1947, and family housing makes it mandatory that the I have reviewed the history of the pro­ for other purposes; and ask unanimous funds resl:lting from these economies be uti­ cedure by which these bills were former­ consent that the statement of the mana­ lized to provide additional housing. The ly reported only to emphasize the re­ gers on the part of the House be ·read in Senate view prevailed, and, accordingly, the markable job the Public Works Commit­ lieu of the report. conferees agreed to accept the House amend­ tee has done on the bill this year. The The Clerk read the title_of the bill. ment to the Senate bill, wit~ an amend­ omnibus rivers, harbors and :flood-con­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment. trol biJI they have reported this year calls The conference amendment provides for the request of the gentleman from Michi­ the addition of a new proviso which will give for an expenditure of less than the om­ gan [Mr. WOLCOTT]? effect to the intent of the conferees that nibus bills reported in :Past years. The There was no objection. savings resulting from the operation of the members of the Public Works Committee The Clerk read the statement. two House provisos be made available for have recognized the stringency of our The conference report and statement additional construction at permanent sta­ present Federal finances, and they have follow: tions. reported a bill which will cost less than CONFERENCE REPORT Under the House amendment to the Sln­ legislation for like purposes in the past The committee of conference on the dis­ ate bill it was contemplated that the serv­ 25 years. agreeing votes of the two Houses on the ices would be permitted to substitute an amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. equal number of units of the smaller size Every project' in the bill has been screened and rescreened by the commit­ 6659) to continue for a temporary period for such units of larger siZes as were origi­ certain powers, authority, and discretion nally planned. In the interest of clarity, the tee, and every project has had a favor­ · conferred on the President by the Second new proviso restates the legislative intent in able -report from the Army engineers. Decontrol Act of 1947, and for other pur­ this regard in addition to providing that sav­ The bill now includes 32 'rivers and har­ poses, having met after full and free confer­ ings may be utilized at any permanent sta­ bors projects in 14 States, and 13 fiood­ ence, have agreed to recommend and do rec­ tion. contro!'projects in 10 States. All of this ommend to their respective Houses as fol­ GEORGE J. BATES, lows: LESLIE C. ARENDS, construction is of an urgent nature, or it would not have been included in the That the House r ~cede from its disagree­ W. STERLING COLE, ment to the amendment of the Senate and OVERTON BROOKS, bill. agree to the same wit:'l an amendment as LANSDALE G. SASSCER, There is one other important improve­ follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be Managers on the Part' cf the House. ment over the procedure followed in past inserted . by the Senate amendment ;..,_sert Congresses in reporting similar bills the following: The conference report was agreed to. which I would like to· point out to you. "That subsection (b) of section 1501 of_the A motion to reconsider was laid on the In the past, authorization for prelimi­ Second War Powers Act, 1942, as amended by table. nary examination and survey items have the Second "Decontrol Act of 1947 (Public Law 188, Eightieth Congress), and as further FLOOD CONTROL ACT OF 1948 been approved as a matter of course. amended by the Act of February 28, 1948 This year, however, the survey items have (Public Law 427, Eightieth Congress), is here­ Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Speaker, I call up been carefully screened by the commit­ House Resolution 589 and ask for its by amended by striking out 'May 31, 1948' tee, with the results that only nine sur­ and inserting in lieu thereof 'June 30, 1949' _ immediate consideration. veys have been approved. This new pro­ Sl,lbsection (b) (1) (C) of such section 1501 The Clerk read as follows: cedure will save a considerable amount of is hereby repealed. Subsection tbJ (1) (E) of Resolved, That immediately upon the money, and will prevent the waste of time such section 1501 is hereby amended by in­ adoption of this resolution it shall be in serting before the semicolon at the end there­ order to move that the House resolve itself and efforts to surveying projects which of a comma and the following: 'and nitrog­ into the Committee of the Whole House on obviously are not feasible. enous compounds (including anhydrous am­ the State of the Union for the consideration Again allow me to compliment the wor monia), in any form, necessary for the man­ of the bill (H. R. 6419) authorizing the con­ of the members of the Committee on ufacture and ielivery cf the nitrogenous fer­ struction, repair, and preservation of certain Public Works for their diligence in re­ tilizer materials required for such export: public works on rivers and harbors for navi­ porting this bill. I am sure that it will Provided, however, That 50 per centum of tbe gation, flood control, and for other purposes, meet the approval of every fair-minded export requiremeJ:ts of nitrogenous fertilizer and all points of order against said bill are materials to nonoccupied areas shall be sup­ hereby waived. That after general debate, Member of this House. plied out of nitrogenous fertilizer materials which shall be confined to the bill and con­ This resolution provides 1 hour of de~ or nitrogenous compounds (including anhy­ -tinue not to exceed 1 hour, to be equally ,bate on the bill, and waives points of or­ drous ammonia) produced in p~ants oper­ divided and controlled by· the chairma~ and. der against it. I -am -sur.e that a -major­ ·ated_by c-r ·for the !l~p-artmeni of the Army, ranking minority member of the Committee ity of you recognize the value and the and notwithstanding any other provision of 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7087

law the Department of the Army 1s author­ It should be noted that, 1~ addition to its Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Speaker, will the ized to produce and sell such nitrogenous other effects, this legislation extends the gentleman yield? fertilizer materials and nitrogenous com­ power of the President to control the use of Mr. SPENCE. I yield. pounds (including anhydrous ammonia) to transportation equipment and f,acilities by fill such 50 per centum of such export re· rail carriers beyond February 28, 1949, the Mr. PICKETT. I wish to ask the quirements'. Subsection (c) of such- sec­ date on which that power would expire under gentleman from Kentucky if the pro· tion 1501 1s hereby amended by striking out existing legislation. visions of the conference report as in­ 'May 31, 1948' and inserting in lieu thereof It is intended. that in the exercise of dis­ terpreted in his statement in reference 'June 30, 1949'. tribution and use controls under this legisla­ to the fertilizer situation mean that there "SEc. 2. The provisions of this Act shall tion fair and equitable allocations snail be is going to be no disturbance of the do· take effect as of the close of May 31, 1948, and made. mestic allocation of the prortuction of all regulations, orders, directives, directions, The conference substitute does not con­ fertilizer over what now exists? And if requirements, and delegations issued under tain section 2 of the House bill, which pro­ title III of the Second War Powers Act, 1942, it means further that the requirements posed to repeal section 3 (b) of the act of for foreign· export are going to be made as amended, which were in effect on May 31, December 30, 1947 (Public Law 395, 80th 1948, shall be in effect in the same manner Cong.), relating to the use of price criteria up by the production t.hat is required of and to the same extent as if this Act had in the licensing of exports. the Army operated ana owned plants been enacted on May 31, 1948, and any pro­ In view of the fact that powers under title mentioned in the amendment? ceeding, petition, application, or appeal which Ill of the Second War Powers A<;t, to which Mr. SPENCE. The provisions of the was pending on May 31, 1948, under such this act relates, expired at the close of May amendment do not categorically answer title III, as amended, or under any regula­ 31, 1948, a section 2 is included in the con· affirmatively the question of the gentle­ tion, order, directlve, or direction issued ference substitute to provide that this legis­ thereunder, shall be proceeded with and shall man from Texas, but I do think it is lation shall become effective as of the close going to be administered in a liberal be 'effective in the same manner and to the of May 31, 1948. This will make it clear same extent as if this Act had been enacted that the employees administering these spirit in order to meet the needs of the on May 31, 1948: Provided, That in any case powers, many of whom are war service farmers. We had before the committee in which such title ill, as amended, or any appointees, may be retained and will avoid Mr. W. T. Hart, from the Commerce regulatio:Q., order, directive, direction, or re­ other incidental and unfortunate effects Department, who will administer this act, quirement issued thereunder, prescribes any upon their employment status. It will also and he expressed great interest in seeing period of time within which any act is re­ have the effect of keeping all ~he former that adequate fertilizer materials were quired or permitted. to be done, and such regulations and orders in force without con­ period had commenced but had not expired furnished to our farmers. I believe we fusion or doubt and without reissuance. have come to the conclusion that the bill on May 31, 1948, such period is ~ereby ex­ Appropriate provisions are included, however, tended for a number of days equal to the to insure that persons will not be subject as represented by the conference report number of days from June 1, 1948, to the date to. criminal penalties by reason of acts or will result in giving the farmers as near of the enactment of this Act, both inclusive: omissions occurring after May 31, 1948, and their requirements as possible could be Provided further, That no act or transaction, prior to the enactment of this legislation. done. or omission or failure to act, occurring sub­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, will the sequent to May 31, 1948, and prior to the date JESSE P. WoLCOTT, of enactment of this Act, shall, by reason of RALPH A. GAMBLE, gentleman yield? the enactment of this Act, be deemed to be FREDERICK C. SMITH, Mr. WOLCO'IT. I yield. a violation of such title III, as amended, or JOHN C. KUNKEL, Mr. CURTIS. I am very much in­ of any regulation, order, directive, or direc­ BRENT SPENCE, terested in the fertilizer problem. How tion issued thereunder." PAUL BROWN, soon will this relief be effective as far And the Senate agree to the same. WRIGHT PATMAN, as the domestic supply of fertilizer is JESSE P. WOLCOTT, Managers on the Part of the House. · concerned? RALPH A. GAMBLE, Mr. WOLCOTT. I think it should FREDERICK C. SMITH, Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, the have an immediate effect upon the avail­ JOHN C. KUNKEL, most controversial provision in this bill BRENT SPENCE, ability of fertilizer to the American PAUL BROWN, and one that seems to be of much inter­ farmer.'- The effect perhaps will not be WRIGHT PATMAN, est to a majority of the Members was felt in its fullness for a matter of 2 or Managers on the Part of the House. with respect to the fertilizer control. 3 months, but surely it should ease the RALPH E. FLANDERS, As stated in the conference statement, situation immediately. C. D. BucK, the provisions of the House bill prevailed, Mr. CURTIS. It does mean the re­ BURNET R. MAYBANK, and the language agreed to by the con­ opening of these Government plants.? By R. E. F. ference was, -in substance, the language Mr. WOLCOTT. We have urged the Managers on the Part of tne Senate. agreed to by the .House in the House bill. expansion of production in the Govern­ STATEMENT Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, will the ment plants, or plants which would be operated by or for the Department of The managers on the part of ~he House gentleman yield? at the conference on the disagreeing votes Mr. WOLCOTT; I yield. the Army, and I think it will have an of the two Houses on the amendment of Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I think immediate effect upon the availability of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6659) to con­ the conference report is a very happy fertilizer for the American farmers. tinue for a temporary period certain powers, solution of the problem submitted to Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, will authority, and discretion conferred on the the conferees. The requirement that 50 the gentleman yield? President by the Second Decontrol Act of percent of the nitrogenous fertilizer ma­ Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. 1947, and for other purposes, submit the Mr. HESELTOR I wish to refer to following statement in explanation of the terials for ·export to nonoccupied areas effect of the· action agreed upon by the con­ shall be furnished by plants operated by the sixth paragraph of the statement of ferees and recommended in the accompany- the managers, where the following state­ the Army will release, I am informed, ment is made: lug conference report: . 30,500 tons of pure nitrogen which will The Senate amendment struck out --all of 95,000 It is intended that in the exercise of the the House bill after the enacting clause and eventually mean tons of am· distribution and use controls under this inserted a substitute text. The committee monium nitrate or about 150,000 tons legislation, fair and equitable allocations of conference recommend that the House of ammonium sulphate or about 190,000 shall be made. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ tons of sodium nitrate or about 750,000 ment of the Senate and agree to the same tons of a 4 percent nitrogen mixed fer· The gentleman will recall that I ap­ with an amendment which is a substitut~ tilizer to the farmers of the United States, peared before the committee in connec­ for both the House bill and the Senate amend­ •hich will go a long way to help them in tion with the difficulties of steel-wire ment, and that the Sena.te agree to . the users of tin, and the chairman and the same. the present predicament in which they find themselves. members of the committee were most The substitute agreed to in conference, courteous in their consideration of the aside from minor clar!-fying amendments, is This amendment was in the House bill, problem facing that segment of industry. the same as the bill as passed by the House and no provision on the subject was i~ Is my interpretation correct that the except as explained below:· the Senate bill. The Senate concurred The date until which the controls are managers intended to indicate that fair continued ·is the date provided in the Senate 1n this provision and I think we brought and equitable allocations should apply to amendment, namely, June 30, 1949. The back a conference report that we can the users of tin in the steel-wire industry? Hom:~' bill had prescribed the date of Feb­ .unqualifiedly commend to your favorable Mr. WOLCOTT. Most decidedly; and ruary 28, 1949. consideration. the gentleman's problem was before the 7088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 conference in respect to steel wire. I been gathered as a result of our investi­ to our farmers is to be adopted. Here­ might say that this language in the re­ gation. Of course, Army officials ap­ tofore 61,000 tons of nitrogen have been port was agreed upon in consequence. of peared and protested my proposal. They shipped overseas from commercially the discussion which we had in rela­ claimed that they could not absorb any produced stocks of this fertilizer. This tion the gentleman's problem. of the exports. I cited undisputable nitrogen· represents 200,000 tons of am­ Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, as figures to show that the German farmer monium nitrate or 300,000 tons of am­ many Members know, I have been work­ was receiving at least 10 percent more monium sulfate, so I am told. The. ing for months to find ways and means of his fertilizer need than was the Ameri­ fact that one-half of this amount will to channel more nitrogen to the Ameri­ can farmer, that production was up in now be available for domestic needs is can farmers. As a member of the sub­ the German plants and that to say the most gratifying information for our committee which investigated the nitro­ very least the Army could reduce the farmers. Thirty thousand five hundred gen supply, I can assure you that there supply to Germany and other occupied tons of nitrogen should represent 100,- was never a greater need nor a greater countries sufficiently to absorb a mini­ 000 tons of ammonium nitrate or 150,- demand for nitrogenous fertilizer than mum of 50 percent of our international 000 tons of ammonium sulfate. When there is today. exports. given the proper base, it will represent In my studies of this problem I found The Banking and Currency Committee about 250,000 tons of commercial fer­ that almost 28 percent of American accepted our views on this matter. I tilizer, so I am informed. Congressman manufactured and imported nitrogen am most 'grateful to the distinguished TOM ABERNETHY, of Mississippi, has was being shipped abroad to the occu­ chairman of the Banking a.nd Currency rendered fine work on the matter of free­ pied and unoccupied countries. In Committee as well as other members of ing for domestic usages commercially round figures we export 314,500 tons of the committee for incorporating this produced nitrogen which heretofore pure nitrogen annually or 28 percent of amendment in the bill. You have has been shipped overseas. He has the American supply. True it is that rendered a great service to American made a strong fight in this direction and 253,000 tons of-the exports are manufac­ agriculture. This marks the first real I have joined with him on numerous oc­ tured by the Ordnance Department of step toward relieving the serious short­ ca~ions likewise in pushing this matter the Army but the "'act remains that the age of nitrogen among our farmers. Oh, vigorously. Army's output is produced in American­ I know that some of the international ·Many farmers in north Louisiana are made plants and paid for with American moon-gazers may insist that this amend­ extremely short of ·nitrogen fertilizer tax dollars. All of Army's production is ment will seriously affect the occupied during the current crop year. They have earmarked for shipment to the occupied program or that the production of food been writing me letters pleading for ad­ countries of Germany, Japan, and Ko­ around the world will be reduced. But I ditional stocks and supplies and I have rea; and 61,000 tons of industrial pro­ can assure you that no such thing, will recently worked with the Agriculture duction is annually requisitioned by the happen. After all, we are bleeding the Department and the Commerce Depart~ Federal Government and exported to nitrogen from our soil at an alarming ment in obtaining the cancellation of countries around the globe. Even if .rate. The Department of Agriculture certain allocations of nitrogen which had every pound produced by American in­ continues to set high-production goals: previously been designat.ed to Finland. dustry and the Army was made available Without nitrogen the goals cannot be Already some of our farmers have re­ to the American farmers they would still met and the fertility of our lands will be ceived the benefit of this cancellation be short by more than 33,000 tons-and further impaired in the effort unless but the shortage of nitrogen fertilizer I am still speaking in terms of pure nitrogen is made available. has become even more acute as the nitrogen. The farmers of my own State use large summer progresses. The action today Not one of the six nitrogen plants in quantities of nitrogen. They have sent of this House will result in making avail­ the bizonia area of Germany was de­ many appeals to the members of our able an additional amount of this ma­ stroyed during the war. Shortly after State delegation urging that everything terial badly needed by the farmers of cessation of hostilities all were put into possible be done to stop the Government th3 agricultural section of the·South. operation and production has continued drain on the short supply. In my effort Mr. WOLCOTT. Does the gentleman almost without interruption._ Witho- the to accomplish this, I have had the most from Kentucky desire ·more time? shooting war having been concluded 3 valuable assistance of the members of Mr. SPENCE. No. years ago and Germany's plants going my delegation, Mr. WHITTEN, Mr. Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move strong, it just does not ma~e sense that WHITTINGTON, Mr. COLMER, Mr. RANKIN, the previous question on the -conference we should continue to .supply the bizonia Mr. WINSTEAD, and Mr. WILLIAMS. All of report. · · area with such large supplies of nitrogen, them have worked hard in support of this The previous question was ord'ered. more particularly when ·our own supply amendment and have rendered a real The conference report was agreed to. is so very short. service to their farming constituents. A motion to reconsider was laid on the As stated above, about 61,000 tons of There are hundred and hundreds of table. nitrogen is exported annually to the un­ farmers, particularly small farmers, LEAVE OF ABSENCE occupied countries. of France, Greece, throughout Mississippi who have not Turkey, Philippines, and so forth. Army received one single pound of high con­ Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask . does not supply this. The Government tent nitrogen fertilizer this year. For unanimous consent that my colleague forces private American manufacturers them and their families nitrogen means; the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. to make these exports. Early this year as we often say, "a crop or a :flop.'' By PLoESER] may be given indefinite leave the thought occurred to me that. the no stretch of· the. imagination can our of absence due to urgent personal. and Army should reduce the amount of its Government justify the exportation of family reasons. · supply to the occupied countries of Ger­ 28 percent of its supply of nitrogenous The SPEAKER. Is there ·objection to many, Japan, and Korea and in turn ab­ fertilizer while many of our own people the request of . the gentleman from sorb all exports to the unoccupied coun­ are without nitrates of any kind. Indiana? tries. This would make available to the - I am for this conference report. It There was no objection. American farmers every single ton man­ will mean that for the next fertilizer year FLOOD CONTROL ACT OF 1948 :ufactured by American industry. Even an additional 100,000 tons of amonium though that of itself would not entirely nitrate will be made available to our Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I move offset the short supply, it would go a long farmers, or, if the nitrogen is man'l1A,. that the House resolve itself into the way. factured in the form of domestic nitraP Committee of the Whole House on the Earlier in the year, when the Banking fertilizers it will add between 20o;ooo and State of the Union for the consideration and Currency Committee opened hear­ 275,000 tons of such to the supply. The of the bill authorizing the ings on the question of nitrogen exports, supply will still be short, I know. but construction, repair, and preservation of I appeared before the committee and what a great relief this will be. .I sin­ certain public works on rivers and har­ urged that Army be required to absorb cerely urge that the conference report be bors for navigation, :flood control, and for the.exports to the nonoccupied countries.· adopted· without a .single-objection ~ · · · - other purposes. In. all, I made~ three .appearances-hefore; - Mr. . BROOKS. , .Mr. .. Spealrer; I am de­ ~ ,The:motic;m: was agreed.to. , the committee and made available to its lighted. that the .amendment which will­ - .. Accordingly_the .'House rewlved Jtself membership the information which had· result in allocating additignal . nitrogen into the Committee of the Whole House 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7089 on the State of the Union for the con­ Congress, as I have just indicated, either man from Tennessee [Mr. DAvis] to sideration of the bill H. R. 6419, with Mr. where conditions were acute or where place in the RECORD a statement in con­ FULTON in the chair. an emergency existed. nection with H. R. 6419, and this will be The Clerk read the title of the bill. I might add one more thing, The bill done. By unanimous consent, the first read­ comes to the House without any con­ Mr. Chairman, as one of the members ing of the bill was dispensed with. troversy, by a unanimous vote of the of the Public '¥orks Committee, I desire Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I committee. Every project in this bill has to commend the chairman of our com­ yield myself 5 minutes. had the careful consideration of the mittee, the gentleman from Michigan Mr. ·Chairman, I take this opportunity Board of Army Engineers, the Chief of [-Mr. DoNDERo], and the chairman of the to express to the members of the Public Engineers, then the prope · subcommit­ Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors the Works Committee on both sides of the tee of the Public Works Committee, under gentleman from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL], aisle my very deep and sincere appre­ the able leadership of the ranking ma­ also the chairman of the Subcommittee ciation as chairman of that committee jority members, the gentleman from Ore­ on Flood Control, the gentleman from In­ for their splendid cooperation, and their gon [Mr. ANGELL], for rivers and harbors diana [Mr. WILSON J, on the result of their courteous consideration in the prepara­ projects, and under the able gentleman labors on this bill and in the committee. tion of the projects which are contained from Indiana [Mr. WILSON), the chair­ Leadership entails responsibilities, and in this bill, as we bring it to the floor of man of the Subcommittee on Flood Con­ they have discharged their obligations. the House for consideration today. trol. In addition to that, it might be Mr. Chairman, as one who represents a The chairman of this committee, like of interest to call attention to the fact district and State susceptible to peren­ a number of the members of the com­ that in the last 25 years the commerce nial floods, I have been greatly inter­ mittee, served his apprenticeship under of the United States-and I mean by that ested in flood control and rivers and har­ the able and distinguished former chair­ that water-borne commerce....:....has almost bors legislation since I have been a Mem­ man of the Rivers and Harborc Com­ doubled. I ask you to listen to this ber of the Congress. Before the Reor­ mittee, the late lamented Joseph J. record of increase in water-borne com­ ganization Act of 1946, I had been suc­ Mansfield, of Texas. It was my privi­ merce of our country cessful in obtaining membership .on both lege to serve under him for 14 years, for In 1920 it was 399,000,000 tons, in the Rivers and Harbors and Flood Con­ many of those years as the ranking mi­ 1925 it was 483,000,000 tons, in 1930 it trol Committees of the House, and when nority member. I greatly admired and was 520,000,000 tons, in 1935 it was 453,- these committees were absorbed by the respected him for his integritY, his abil­ 000,000 tons, in 1940 it was 607,000,000 Public Works Committee, I was again ity, and his statesmanship in the con­ tons, and in 1945 it was 618,000,000 tons. successful in keeping my place on that sideration of rivers and harbors projects That simply indicates the vast increase committee to give such service as was for a decade and a half. · in the commerce of our country and re­ possible by virtue of my membership on The bill which the committee brings quires that these rivers and harLors, and that committee to my district, State, and to the floor today is an unusual bill in flood-control projects be given not only Nation. · several respects. First, it is the smallest attention but that they be improved in Mr. Chairman, it is not necessary for bill to come to the House for considera­ many instances to accommodate the me to call to the attention of the House tion for more than a quarter of a cen­ deep-draft vessels built during the war. the fact tt.at the waters from 32 States tury, small in number of projects and It is vital and necessary that some har­ must pass through Louisiana and fiLd sman in the total amount involved. bors and channels be deepened, widened, their way to the Gulf and while other · The bill contains 45 projects, 32 of and extended in order to accommodate States have similar problems from time which are rivers and harbors projects those ships of a new era in the Nation's to time, I do not believe that many of and 13- flood-control projects. They are history. the other States have the same constant distributed among 21 States of the Mr. COLMER. Mr. Chairman, will the threat and are Visited with disaster as Union and the total amount. of money gentleman yield? often as has our State, but I repeat that involved is less than $44,000,000. Mr ..DONDERO. I yield to the gentle­ flood control is a national problem and When the committee considered the man from Mississippi. wherever and whenever any protection or projects to go into this bill, it had in Mr. COLMER. I just wanted to com­ relief is needed by any part of the N a­ mind two things: First, those projects mend the distinguished chairman of the tion, it is our duty to give protection and which fell into the category of emer­ committee upon the statement that he relief to that section of the country, and gency or where the conditions were of just made, because while we realize that the only manner in which to accomJ:"Iish a very acute nature, and, second, such it may not be the appropriate time for this, in my opinion, is to make f..nnual projects as would yield back to the peo­ great public-works programs in the de­ substantial appropriations for all parts ple of the country great benefit for the­ velopment of rivers and harbors and of the country which need protection­ amount of money expended. Certain flood control, and so on, at the same time and relief. of the projects in this bill will return a those existing projects, where they do Having beer~ one of those who has con­ benefit of $5 for every dollar to be ex­ not have sufficient water in depth and sistently voted against giving the re­ pended in their construction. width in the channel for these vessels sources of this country to foreign nations, May I say at this juncture that there to navigate, that it is absolutely essen­ I can well argue that it is our obliga­ are many projects in numerous districts tial and necessary that these improve­ tion to use these resources for the pro­ of the country that could very well have ments be made. tection of our own people and our own been included in this bill. But there Mr. DONDERO. The gentleman is en­ country. was no necessity for a large bill. I call tirely c_orrect. Our distinguished chairman has called to the attention of the Members of the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the our attention to the very sma.il amount House who have projects in their dis­ gentleman from Michigan has expired. of appropriations which will be involved tricts which may not be inCluded in this Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Chairman, it is in the authorizations under the bill un­ legislation, that another Congress will most unusual for a flood-control bill to der consideration, and while it is com­ roe here within the next 7 months to con­ be considered with our colleague the gen­ mendable to be economical, I feel that we sider such other . projects as may be tleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHITTING­ could well afford to make authorizations deemed wise for construction. Having TON] not being present to make a presen­ and appropriations for flood-control and in mind the financial condition of the tation on the part of the Democratic side; rivers-and-harbors projects to protect land it was thought best that no large owever, due to unusual circumstances, the property r.nd lives of our own country omnibus rivers and harbors, and flood- · our colleague is absent with good reason. and people rather than be more solici­ control bill should he presented; -second- He is in Mississippi where he is address­ tous about the welfare of other foreign -ly, I might cite as an additional reason ing the graduating class of his college, countries. . that the backlog of projects already au­ where he likewise graduated 50 years ago, Mr. Chairman, there are two points in thorized and awaiting appropriations for and while he is not present here today, the report of the committee which strike their construction is of such magnitude his hand and guidance will be disclosed me as being of special ~ r.. 1portance in con­ that the absolute necessity for this bill in the record of 'the hearings on the bill nection with this bill. The first is in re­ could not be justified. But the commit­ which we are now considering. ..spect to the attention given to the deep­ tee believed that a small bill, of small -The-gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. ening of the channels of our rivers and projects, was proper to present to the WHITTINGTON] has de-legated the gentle• ports to accomm9date the new modern, 7090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 large tankers and ships of our merchant the projects, the benefits exceed the cost. The pending bill, as I stated, is for marine. The committee recognizes these The smallest authorization is for $100,- very modest authorizations. The com­ are facts which confront us due to the 000. The largest .authorization is for mittee plans, during the next Congress, increased size and draft of ships no"'· in $7.770,000. to report a general authorization bill. use, ant:. is a problem which must be met The report contains an analysis of the Heretofore projects have been approved from an economic and practical stand­ bill. and authorizations made for the partial point. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATJ;QNS AND SURVEYS accomplishment of the works. Hereto­ Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ fore the authorizations for the river man, I ask unanimous consent that the In addition to authorizations for the basins have been increased in each suc­ gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHIT­ construction of projects, the bill provides ceeding Flood Control Act. This policy TINGTON] be permitted to extend his re­ for the preliminary examinations and should continue. There should be addi­ marks at this point in the RECORD. surveys named in the bill by the Chief tional authorizations for the construction The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection of Engineers and by the Secretary of of works along all the principal rivers to the request of the !;entleman from Agriculture. between the Lakes and the Gulf, and from Tennessee? . CONSTRUCTIVE PROVISIONS the Atlantic to the Pacific, including the There was no objection. A constructive authorization is con­ Connecticut River Basin, the upper Mis­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, tained in the bill. It authorizes the Chief sissippi River Basin, the Ohio River Basin, before discussing briefly the pending bill, of Engineers to construct small flood­ the Missouri River Basin, the lower Mis­ as the ranking member of the Committee control projects not specifically author­ sissippi River Basin, the Arkansas River on Public Works, I would like to make ized by Congress when, in the opinion of Basin, the White River Basin, the Los public acknowledgment in behalf of the the Chief of Engineers, such work is Angeles-San Gabriel River Basin, the committee to the distinguished chair­ advisable, to the amount of $2,000,000, Sacramento River Basin, the San Joaquin man, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. provided that not more than $100,000 be River Basin, the Kaweah and Tule River DoNDERo] for his uniform courtesy, allotted to any single locality. It often Basins, and the Willamette River Basin. patience, and fairness in all hearings, happens that the public interest would While the remaining authorizations are and in the consideration of all bills that be promoted and protection would be apparently large, it will be kept in mind have come before the committee. The accorded by the immediate construction that the annual damages from floods are chairman has familiarized himself with of small projects without the usual pre­ much larger. all matters that have been considered liminary examinations and surveys, the The program of adequate authoriza­ by the committee. I pay not only a de­ usual· reports to the Congress, and the tions heretofore adopted by Congress served tribute to his ability, but to his usual authorizations by Congress. Econ­ should be continued. In periods of un­ fairness in the conduct of the work of omy as well as protection will result. employment public works, including flood the committee. Again section 12 of the Flood Control control and river and harbor improve­ I would also like to say that the chair­ Act of 1946 was amended with respect to ments, should be stepped up. There man of the Subcommittee on Rivers and repair, restoration, and maintenance so should be an adequate backlog of such Harbors, the gentleman from Oregon as to include the extending or other improvements. It is for the Congress [Mr. ANGELL] and the chairman of the modification of the flood-control works. to determine the amount of the annual Subcommittee on Flood Control the gen­ There is a third outstanding author­ appropriations. It is for Congress to tleman from Indiana [Mr. WILSON] con­ ization and the amount of this author­ determine whether construction should ducted full hearings with opportunities ization is not included in the aggregate · be increased or whether· it should be to those who advocated and opposed the of the estimated costs of the projects decreased. Many problems are involved. projects that were submitted to the Sub­ authorized. I refer to a permanent au­ The stabilization of wages, the ability committees on Rivers and Harbors and thorization of $25,000,000 for emergency to obtain materials as well as the Flood Control. They, too, were cour­ flood-control repairs. stabilization of prices are to be consid­ teous, fair, and considerate. Heretofore, in 1943, 1944, 1945, and ered. I favor the passage of the pend­ The pending bill is the first river and 1947, Congress has authorized t~e ap­ ing bill, but I advocate the passage of harbor and flood-control bill submitted propriation for each of the said years a comprehensive bill during the next Con­ to the House during the Eightieth Con­ of from $10,000,000 to $15,000,000 for gress to provide for additional authori­ gress. It will be remembered that prior emergency repairs. All of the amounts zations as projects may be submitted to to the Reorganization Act authorizations authorized for those years have been the Congress, and for additional author­ for rivers and harbors were reported by appropriated. The pending bill is the izations for projects in all of the great the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, first to carry a permanent authorization river basins heretofore approved by the and authorizations for flood control by limited to no one year, but it will be Congress. the Committee on Flood Control. The available for floods without regard to The other provision carried in the bill measure under consideration is for very the year until the whole amount has been and which is also covered in the commit­ modest authorizations. Hearings were authorized and expended. The author­ tee report is in respect to making au­ conducted. Published hearings are ization will relieve and eliminate the thorization for funds for emergency sit­ available to the Members of Congress, necessity for an annual authorization uations which will not necessitate a spe­ and there is a full report with a descrip­ such as has obtained from 1943 to 1947, cial authorization each time that there tion of the projects and analysis of the inclusive, for emergency repairs. I re­ occurs a flash flood or other flood which two titles to the bill. gard this as a most constructive pro­ requires funds in the hands of the Corps TITLE I vision. ·of Engineers for immediate relief. These Title I is known as the River and Har­ AUTHORIZATIONS situations must be met, and if funds are bor Act of 1948. It authorizes the proj­ For general ftood control there remain not available .for immediate relief, de­ ects enumerated at an estimated cost of balances· of authorizations previously lays entailed in setting the legislative $20,887,900. It provides for the prelimi­ made of $1,441,308,600; for rivers and machinery in motion to act, cause undue nary examinations and surveys described harbors, $1,615,691,000; for the lower hardship and in the end are more costly in the bill. All of the projects have peen Mississippi River, $479,764,634; or there than by having funds available for such reported by the Chief of Engineers and remains authorized a total of $3,556,- purposes. recommended for adoption by the Con­ 764,234 for rivers and harbors and flood In this connection, I wish to express gress. control in the United States. There · my appreciation to the officers of the TITLE n should always be an adequate backlog Corps of Engineers for their interest, Title II is known as the Flood Control of flood-control improvements. I believe cooperation, and work in their appear­ Act of 1948. It authorizes projects few that there should be an annual author­ ances before our committee, as well as in number. The estimated cost aggre­ ization. Rivers are being examined. for the manner in which they perform gates $22,875,000. All of-the projects are Flood control is important on many their tasks when called upon, and I have covered by reports that have been pub­ streams on which report has not been just learned with regret that one of the lished and are available to the Members previously submitted. Authorization outstanding men who has been serving . of Congress. The projects are described should be made so that all river basins as Chief of the Corps of Engineers, Gen­ in the report of the committee. In all of may have comparable treatment. e,al Wheeler, has reached the statutory 1948 CO.NGRESSIO:t'fAL RECORD-HOUSE 7091 age where it is necessary for him to re­ I am very happy to know that this bill Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ tire. comes out of the committee with a umin­ man, I ask unanimous consent that my Mr. Chairman, this distinguished Chief imous report. I think it is most timely. colleague the gentleman from Tennessee of Engineers, General Wheeler, has I think :;tny time, whether it be in pros­ [Mr. CooPER] may extend his remarks at served his country in peace with the perous times or bad times, is a proper this point in the RECORD. . same distinction and honor which he time to use our energies and our abilities The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, served his country in war, and I know for the development of our country and it is so ordered. that all of our members of the committee ·especially for the development of the There was no objection. and all of our colleagues who have come water resources of our country. Mr. COOPER. Mr. Chairman, I de­ in contact with General Wheeler join me Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I thank the sire to express my very deep appreciation in expressing their regrets in his retire­ gentleman. to the members of the· subcommittee on ment, and wish for him continued suc­ May I add that in the light of recent Flood Control of the Committee on Pub­ cess and happiness in the days to come. sad experiences in the far West we _feel lic Works of the House of Representa­ While it is true that in the particular that the time is rapidly approaching tives and the members of the full Com­ bill under consideration there are no au­ when we must with vision and certainly mittee on Public Works for their very thorizations for Louisiana, I desire to say with good business sense approach these kind consideration and the courtesies that the Congress has been considerate serious questions in the control of the extended to me when I appeared before of the pro!>lems which confront us and waters of this country. We must not the subcommittee on April 14, 1948 ln has given approval to legislation and ap­ have destruction in the years to come. support of the report of the Chief of propriations to help protect LoUisiana We must see that the dollars spent shall Engineers on the Mississippi River below from the ravages of floods which have be used constructively. Cape Girardeau with respect to West cost us so much in destruction of prop­ Mr. Chairman, the ranking Member on Tennessee tributaries. I am also grate­ erty and loss of lives, ·and while there is this side of the aisle, the gentleman from ful to the committee for the action ln yet much more to be done to protect us Mississippi [Mr. WmTTINGTON] , who for including this project in the pending bill. before we can feel safe from the recur­ so many years performed such distin­ As I stated to the committee, this proj­ ring floods, we are sympathetic to the guished service as chairman of this full ect is of vital importance to the people problems of all of the other States and committee, is in the State of Mississippi of west Tennessee and especially those desire to assist in any way possible to give today delivering an address to the gradu­ of the district which I have the honor them the same consideration and protec­ ating class of Mississippi College. Fifty to represent. tion which we ask. years ago the gentleman from Mississippi It was at my request that the Commit­ Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ got his degree from this college. He has tee on Flood Control of the House of man, I yield myself such time as I may not missed a single session or any of the Representatives, by resolution adopted require. subcommittees or the full committee, April 26, 1944, almost exactly 4 years ago, . Mr. Chairman, it is unnecessary for and we feel that this is one time we can very kindly requested the Chief of En­ me to add anything to the remarks made properly excuse him from attendance gineers to review House Document No. by the distinguished chairman of on the presentation of a bill. 188, Seventy-second Congress, 1st ses­ this committee, the gentleman from Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman_will sion, and other reports, with a view to Michigan [Mr. DONDERO]. I do want the gentleman yield? to say on the part of all of us on this determining whether improvements for side of the committee, however, that Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I yield to flood control and drainage are advisable we have been delighted with the fair­ the gentleman from Ohio. at this time on several streams and their ness exhibited by our chairman. Not Mr. McGREGOR. I certainly want to tributaries in western Tennessee. This only is he fair but he is able. He is very express my appreciation, and I think I resolution is as follows: conscientious. All of us have worked speak for the members of the majority Resolved by the Committee on Flood Con­ with him in a very fine spirit of agree­ on the Committee on Public Works, of trol, House of Representatives, That the ment. We have approached an of these the splendid cooperation the ranking . Chief of Engineers of the United States Army member of the committee, the gentle­ is hereby requested to review those portions matters with thoroughness. As he man from Mississippi [Mr. WHITTING­ of House Document No. 188, Seventy-second stated to you, all of these projects have ToN] and the distinguishec gentleman Congress, 1st session, covering lands 1n Dyer been considered by the Army engineers County, Tenn., and 1n Lauderdale County, and have been considered adequately by who is handling this bill from the minor­ Tenn., subject to overflow from the Missis­ the subcommittee. The gentleman from ity viewpoint today, the gentleman from sippi River, and reports on the Obion and Oregon [Mr. ANGELL] and the gentleman Tennessee [Mr. DAVIS] have given us 'in Fdrked Deer Rivers and tributaries, Tennes­ from Indiana [Mr. WILSON], the chair­ the preparation of this legislation. I am see, covering Dyer, Lauderdale, Lake, Obion, men of the two respective subcommittees, sure it is appreciated by all. Gibson, and Crockett counties, with a view Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I thank the to determining whether improvements for have held all the meetings necessary: fiood control and drainage are advisable in They have accorded every witness who gentleman. said counties: wished to be present and to be heard Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will every opportunity to appear. So this the ger-tleman yield? I might also add that Weakley and bill comes to you with a unanimous Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I yield to my other counties of this area were also report. distingu ~ shed chairman. included for this investigation. ·We recognize that a great many proj­ Mr. DONDERO. I concur in every­ In order to comply with these resolu­ ects should be authorized, and we ex­ thing the gentleman from Tennessee has tions the Chief of Engineers requested pect that the next Congress, under the said regarding the gentleman from Mis­ the Mississippi River Commission to direction of this committee, will con­ sissippi [Mr..... VHITTINGTON] and the gen­ make a report to him, which report has sider all of the necessary projects and . tleman from Tennessee. No man could been made, and· after full consideration will return to this House for considera­ be more cooperative or helpful in the of said report, the Chief of Engineers tion those found most necessary. This work of the Committee on Public Works, concurred with the Mississippi River bill contains the very minimum of -au­ especially that having to do with rivers Commission and has recommended that thorized projects. All of these projects and harbors and flood control, than the the existing project for flood control have been carefully examined and, as I gentleman from Mississippi, a very dili­ and improvement of the lower Mississippi have said, the bill comes to you with a gent and able man. We consider him of River adopted by the act of May 15, 1928, unanimous report. the greatest value on this committee. as amended, be modified to provide for Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I thank my the improvement recommended by the the gentleman yield? chairman. We do feel extremely confi­ Mississippi River Commission at an es­ Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. I yield to dent by virtue of having the gentleman timated additional cost of $7,700,000 for the gentleman from 'Louisiana. from Michigan [Mr. DoNDERO] and the construction, subject to the usual con­ Mr. BROOKS. I commend the gen­ gentleman from Mississippi [M:·. WHIT­ ditions with respect to cooperation by the tleman on his fine statement. ·I have TINGTON] in the respective places they local interests. heard the utility of :Hood-control and now fill on this important committee. As above stated, it was my privilege to rivers-and-harbors projects debated and The CHAIRMAN. The time of the appear before the committee in support to some extent questioned ·in recent days. gentleman has expired. of the project covered in the report of .7092 CONGRESSIONAL R·ECORD-H01JSE JUNE 3 the Chief of Engineers which· had been materially. reduced. The overflow area passed in the first session of the Eighti­ approved by the Bureau of the Budget along the main stems of the Obion and eth Congress. I am very hopeful, if· we and I desire to briefly invite attention of Forked Deer Rivers, above the general pass the Russell bill, the President will the_House to some of the points that I effect of Mississippi River- backwaters, have recognized his error and will sign think should be considered in support of and along. their principal tributaries, this new measure in behalf of the small this project. comprise about 310,000 acres. In addi­ miners of Montana and the Nation. .I There is an overflow area, above the tion, there are approximately 145,000 urge that the Russell bill be reported out Mississippi River backwater area, along acres in the flood plains of the minor immediately so that necessary assistance the Obion River and its principal tribu­ tributaries. to the marginal and the little miners of taries, whi.ch comprises about 310,000 As the situation now exists the chan­ our country can be forthcoming and so acres. Frequent overflows have caused nels of these rivers and many of the that these small operators can wherever abandonment of large areas of cropland drainage ditches are intermittently filled possible once again put their mines in and retarded development of woodland. to a considerable depth and, in many operation and contribute to the great Inadequate drainage, due to insufficient instances, are blocked for a distance of needs of our strategic minerals so neces­ outlets, ,hampers cultivation and reduces several miles with sand, silt, stumps, and sary in our country. yields within the limit of maximum over­ drifts, and these conditions have resulted I should like to call to the attention of flow. Local interests, through organized from inadequate outlets, insufficient ca­ the Congress the -pressing necessity of drainage districts, have constructed pacity, and improper maintenance of this particular legislation in view of the ditches at a cost of many millions .of dol­ these streams. statement made by Secretary of, Interior lars in an effort to provide drainage for The improvements embraced in this Krug 'before the Subcommittee on Ap­ this area, but the rivers covered in this project are vitally needed in the inter­ propriations considering the Interior Ap­ project have become so filled up and est of agriculture, as well as the improve- propriation bill on April 29, 1948, when their channels so congested that sufficient ' ment of health conditions in the area, Secretary Krug · was asked about the outlet is not provided to afford the proper and I very strongly .urge that the proj­ stock-pile situation. He answered as drainage of the area. These local inter­ ect be retained and authorized in the follows: ests appeared at public hearings held by pending bill. Frankly, I will let the committee know that the district engineer at my home town Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ military strategic stock piles don't exist. We of Dyersburg, Tenn., as well as several man, I yield such time as he may require have a few items that are not important, but other places, and expressed their desire to the gentleman from Montana [Mr. on the extremely important critical materials for improved drainage outlets and relief MANSFIELD] . . we have virtually nothing in the stock pile. from overflow by channel improvement of In commercial use we have pinched in Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman,. I practically every way, and we will be even the Obion and Forked Deer Rivers and ask' unanimous consent to speak out of more pinched with the increase in produc­ their tributaries. They gave assurances order for 2 miButes. tivity activity that must come to meet this of their willingness to cooperate by fur­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection heavy production· program for foreign aid nishing rights-of-way and the usual co­ to the request of the gentleman from and the defense program. operation provided by local interests. Montana? Mr. Chairman, I submit that this The district engineer made a very There was no objection. statement by Secretary of Interior is thorough investigation and has present­ PASS THE RUSSELL BILL ed his report and recommends a plan more than ample to show the need for contemplating channel improvements as Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, the passage of the Russell bill at the ear­ with the adjournment of Congress set liest opportunity, and certainly it is required to insure adequate outlets on the shocking to find from so authoritative an Obion and Forked Deer Rivers and their for June 19, I want to call to the at­ principal tributaries. The Mississippi tention of Congress to the plight of official that our mineral supply is in River commission recommends that the the small mine owners throughout the such a sadly neglected condition. existing project for the lower Mississippi State of Montana and the Rocky Moun­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I River be modified to provide for improve- · tain region as well. All year I have been yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from ments on the Obion and Forked Deer doing what I could to get some action on Oregon [Mr. ANGELL J chairman of the Rivers and their principal tributaries, the Russell bili. While we fidget around Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors. substantially in accordance with the plan and talk about doing something for these Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, the outlined in paragraph 27 of the district small mining people they are losing their Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors of engineer's report. investments and many of their mines the Committee on Public Works has. have been ruined to such an extent that spent many months in. the consideration It should be noted that the district they will find it impossible to open them of projects which are included in this engineer advises that the greatest prob­ up again. bill. As our chairman has explained, it lem in the Obion and Forked Deer River Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will is an omnibus bill covering projects both systems principally concerns the inef­ the gentleman· yield? in rivers and harbors and in flood-control fective drainage of farm lands. He ex­ Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. work. It has long been the practice in presses his opinion that channel im­ Mr. HALLECK. The gentleman will the .House that in connection with rivers provements consisting of clean-out, en­ recall that in the last Congress we passed and harbors, all of the bills be included largement and realinement, as required a bill to take care of these small mine in one so-called omnibus bill so that we of the Obion and Forked Deer Rivers and operators and the President vetoed it. may with expedition bring to the atten­ their principal tributaries, will, by re­ The President is a member of the gen­ tion of the House the projects which ducing the extent of overflows during tleman's party. Can the gentleman give are before the committee, without con­ the crop season and by materially re­ us any assurance that if we passed an­ suming too much of your time. That ducing the duration of overflow periods, other bill and sent it to the President, practice has been followed this time. provide effective drainage for 118,000 it would not be vetoed? Also, we have included in the same bill acres of cropland and present the op­ Mr. MANSFIELD. I am delighted that projects under flood control, which like­ portunity for development of 60,000 acres the majority leader has brought up that wise are usually considered, under the of woodland for agricultural use. The question. I would appreciate it if he old procedure, as one bill from that engineers find that the project is eco­ would pay a little attention to what I am committee. nomically feasible and recommend its going to say in the course of my remarks. As the chairman has explained to you, approval. I am pleading with the Republican under my section of the bill-rivers and It should be borne in mind that the leadership of this House to bring the harbors-there are 32 projects. They channel improvements covered in this Russell bill to the floor so we may have are not large in size, as has been usually project are designed with capacities suf­ an opportunity to debate and pass it. If considered. The total amount for rivers ficiently large to eliminate overflow dur­ we are going to get any new production and harbors is $20,887,900, which in fact ing the crop season on a considerable in this country, we are going to have to is a very, very small bill, when we con­ part of the area and provide drainage depend on the small miners of the United sider that this covers the entire United outlets which are now lacking. Flood States to bring it about. States. run-off will be so accelerated that the It is extremely unfortunate that the I have seen some comments in the duration of the overflow periods will be President vetoed the Allen bill which newspapers, and perhaps some of our 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7093 Members have ·seen them, that this ,is harbor projects· and especially at this from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the a pork-barrel bill, where we -all get to­ time in fiood control. committee has endeavored to deal justly gether, everytody with a pet project and As I called to your attention earlier in with all sections of the country. No polit­ include all the projects in one bill, and the week, the Columbia River is the ical considerations have entered into the thereby the bill.passes. Now, that is not second largest in the United States. It committee's determinations in giving ap:. the case in this bill. Neither has it been is a great harbinger of peace. It is a proval to these projects. I may say in the practice of the Rivers and Harbors great work horse. In ordinary times that passing, there is no project in my own Committee. I have served on that com­ great river is working day and night. congressional district. mittee during my entire tenure in the The greatest potential hydroelectric I hold the view that while we must be Congress, some 10 years, and I am quite power any place in the world is locked diligent in reducing the cost of Govern­ sure there is no committee that gives up in that river. We have utilized only ment and prevent the unnecessary ex­ more careful consideration · to the about 1,500,000 kilowatts, when there are penditure of public funds, we will be projects that come before it than does available 20,000,000, the balance being penny-wise and pound-foolish, and dere­ this committee. In fact, every single wasted. As y€ars pass, 50 or 100 years, lict in our duty if we fail to take a broad, project here must first be initiated by the we are ·confronted with a great emer­ long-range view in the development and committee. · We ask the Corps of En­ gency, a great tragedy such as we are full utilization of the natural resources gineers to take up the matter. They· do passing through today when the old river of the Nation. From the beginning of not initiate them. They do not go out has gone mad and on the rampage. Over our national existence, we have followed and determine, willy-nilly, what projects 100,000 people are now in distress by a consistent policy of development of our are to be taken up. They are requested reason of this devastating fiood. In niy resources and continued a sound program to make a prP.liminary survey, and then own district over 5,000 homes have been of internal improvement development. later they are authorized to make an destroyed and completely blotted out, and We have spent, and are continuing to actual examination and a complete de­ the victims are without any place to lay spend, billions of dollars for overseas op­ tailed survey by authority of the Con­ their heads. Furthermore, families have erations, much of these funds being gifts gress. That is presented back to the been separated and there are literally to European nations, and now we are committee. Then, the committee very dozens of children whose parents are un­ embarking on a world-wide program of carefully goes over that particular proj­ accounted for at this time by reason of relief and aid for European recovery, ect and gives notice of a public hearing. the great fiood in my area. It is too early which will aggregate over $20,000,000,- Of course, the committee has the ex­ to know the death toll. It is heavy. 000, if it is carried through to comple­ perience of the Corps of Army Engineers, We now have news that the waters are tion, as is now contemplated. We will which is a most efficient body. Then we again increasing in -the upper stretches be unable to meet our commitments in call witnesses, pro and con, anyone who of the river and we may have even more this respect, as well as our commitments is interested in the project, and-those on · serious trouble ahead. at home, if we fail to take advantage of the ground in the vicinity of the project These great internal improvements of our natural resources and keep them who are interested or who may be ad­ our rivers, fiood control, the development working at full capacity. This involves verse to the project. In the first in­ of rivers for transportation, the multiple­ projects having to do with fiood control, stance, when the Army engineers take purpose dams are the works which help · public buildings necessary for economic up a project, they hold hearings out in us to control these great streams, these operation of our Government, develop­ the community where the project is, and great waterways when these un\lsual con­ ment of our national highway system, and· they give anyone who is interested an ditions arise and provide some security development and use of our rivers and opportunity to appear. So these projects against fiood damage. For that reason harbors, all of which are necessary to an that appear in this particular bill, to integrated program of internal develop- I think this country certainly should give ment. · which I have called attention, have had more attention to providing a long-range this careful consideration throughout. At the present time. there are some development program not only for the 1,200 river and harbor projects actively As my chairman has said, they have full utilization of these great waterways in force. The construction activity in been fully approved .bY the committee. and our great harbors and ports but also connection with these projects includes They were first approved by the Army to restrain these great streams when they the. maintenance of channels and har­ engineers. Now we bring them to you do get on the rampage and cause so much bor areas, channel-control works, break­ for your consideration. trouble and damage. Probably more water work, snagging, and the operation I think it might be said that if this than a hundred million dollars' worth of and care of facilities which have been great country of ours is going to continue ·property has been wiped out and many provided in the interest of navigation. to prosper and be in the first rank of the lives lost in the 2 or 3 days in my area r'ince April 6, 1802, when an appropri­ great nations of the world in production, by this catastrophe. ation of $30,000 was made for piers in as we were during the last war, we must Mr. Chairman, as chairman of the Sub­ the Delaware River by the Corps of Engi­ give careful consideration to the develop­ committee on Rivers and Harbors of the neers, the total funds appropriated ment of our own natural resources and House Public Works Committee, I pre­ through the fiscal year 1948 for river our own internai economy. It seems to sided at the many hearings held by the and harbor projects in the continental me it is penny-wise and pound-foolish subcommittee in the consideration of ·United States. Alaska, Puerto Rico, and to expend billions .of dollars. of money rivers and harbors projects during the the Hawaiian Island . amounted to here, there, and everywhere around the Eightieth Congress. As you will recall, $3,370,000,000. world, and at the same time allow the no rivers and harbors bill was presented As you know, the Federal Government economy of our own country to break by the committee in the first session of has jurisdiction over the improvement down, and not take care of our own the Eightieth Congress. and control of navigable waterways by natural resources. We must utilize to In the bill now under consideration~ as reason of the commerce clause in the the full our own natural resources, and I have said, there is combined both rivers Constitution. ·Under this authority the preserve them. and harbors projects and· flood-·control Government. has constructed many mul­ Included among them are, of course, projects. · Our colleague [Mr. WILSON], tiple-purpose projects, not only for navi­ our rivers and harbors and our great chairman of the Subcommittee on Flood gation but for fiood control, reclama­ water transportation systems in this Control, and other members of the full tion, and hydroelectric power. Hydro­ country. committee, will present those projects. electric power is a most important factor The CHAffiMAN. The time of the I will limit my discussion to the rivers and Jn the program by reason of the fact that gentleman from Oregon has expired. harbors projects coming under the juris· it brings into the Federal Government Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I diction of my subcommittee. revenues from such projects which not yield the gentleman two additional The committee purposely has not taken only reimburse the Government for the minutes. up any major projects involving large ex­ cost of the power facilities, but help to Mr. ANGELL. I want to call to your penditures of moneys, due to the fact that retire the indebtedness for other portions attention, before I sit down, a great we are endeavoring to cooperate with the of the improvements. such as reclama­ tragedy that has overtaken us in the leadership in keeping expenditures with­ tion. It has been the policy of the Gov­ West, in the great Columbia River Basin, in reasonable bo.unds. These projects are ernment for many years to retain con­ which is vitally interested in river ami located in various sections of the Nation trol over generation of hydroelectric '1094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 power in such projects, 'which is a wise would be, in round numbers: 290,000,000 This bill is an authorization · bill and one and should be continued. I am a barrels annually, or about 95 percent of further consideration will have to be firm believer in private enterprise and the total European consumption, or a given to each of the projects before con­ hold the view that the Federal Govern­ quarter of our own prewar consumption. struction is commenced. The Army en­ ment should not inject itself into com­ I cite these facts to show the importance gineers do not even make a preliminary mercial operations where private enter­ of undev~loped hydro power in our future examination of any of these projects un­ prise may carry them forward adequately economy, til they are requested to do so by resolu­ and successfully. However, it is my view We have all shared the hope that now tion duly enacted into law. After the that in these large river developments that the war is behind us almost 3 years, projects are approved by legislation such which have power development as one of we could look forward to an era of as the bill we are now considering, the the major factors, the ownership and peace, good will, and economic stability Army engineers have the further duty control over the entire project, includ­ throughout the world. Unfortunately, of selecting, among the projects ap­ ing power, should be retained by the as evidenced by chaotic world conditions proved, those that are most urgent, and Federal Government. at this very hour, we are confronted with determination is made when, in their The industrial machine of America an international crisis of uncertainty and judgment, construction should be com­ runs full speed by reason of our oil, coal, grave portent which challenges the abil­ me.nced. Thereafter appropriations and hydroelectric energy, Our coal amJ ities and loyal devotion of all Americans. must be considered by the Appropriation oil supply is expendable. According to The peace and stability of the world is Committees of the Congress, and funds the American Petroleum Institute, the hanging in the balance. Out of the made available for commencing the estimated proven petroleum reserves death and destruction of World War II, project. existing as of last year were 21,900,000,- we want to build a structure for endur­ All of the projects for both rivers and 000 barrels. This Nation is now being ing peace which will embrace all the harbors and flood control are included in placed between the two jaws of the me­ peace-loving nations of the world and the one bill known as an omnibus bill, chanical vise which are being tightened make unnecessary another catastrophe in order to conserve the time of the House by the· screw of increasing domestic de­ such as the one we have just passed and to expedite consideration of the com­ mands. No wonder Arabian oil is now through. To accomplish this we cannot bined projects. I call attention to the receiving international attention. The forget that our first consideration should report of the committee where, on page stated proven reserves in the Middle East be the security and protection of our 2, each of the rivers and harbors projects are 25 percent higher than the total like Nation, and we must not be lulled into a is set forth, and where, on accompany­ United States reserves, and geophysical sense of false security by appeasement ing pages, the factual descriptions of each soundings indicate that the most prob­ and double talk. This is a time when, project are given. able Middle East reserves will be double as Washington said in the dark days of These are worthy projectsr fully ap­ the present reserves of the United States. Valley Forge, only Americans should be proved, and will materialy aid in pro­ Such soundings further indicate that the put on guard. Let us maintain our na­ moting the economy of our country. The greatest existing oil pool lies in the area tional defenses, particularly our Air biU should be approved by the House. of the Caspian Sea-Russian territory­ Force and Navy at full strength, so that Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ and extends into and across the Indian we may be in a position to meet any man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman Ocean into the East Indies. eventuality that may arise. from Texas [Mr. PICKETT]. . . Our usable refining capacity is now . The urgent need for additional hydro­ Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, in being operated at the highest obtain­ electric power is shown by the announce­ making a few remarks with reference to able rate, and the industry is making ment of the Secretary of Defense of a the bill, I approach the subject with a every effort to expand refining facilities. $2,000,000,000 program for airplane con­ deep sense of humility and some sense of Everything possible is being done to in­ struction. We all know that this in­ responsibility, not only to the people of crease refining volume, but this is the volves enormo~ quantities of aluminum Texas but also to the people of the United easiest part of the over-all problem. The which can be produced only with large States. petroleum industry is doing all possible pools of hydroelectric power. There is a It was my privilege to be elected . to to help in the solution of this problem. dearth of this power at the present time membership on the Public Works Com­ As against our diminishing . oil and for ordinary industri~l and commercial mittee in July of 1947 to fill the vacancy coal supply, our wealth of hydroelectric activities, and this heavy additional de­ caused by the death of our colleagne, energy has been only partially tapped mand means early construction of all Hon. J. J. Mansfield, who passed away and it will continue as long as the sun available generating capacity. A num­ on July 12, 1947. Judge Mansfield died shines and water runs. Therefore, it is ber of river and harbor and flood-con­ at the age of 86 after ·60 years of public of first importance that the Fede;r_al trol projects also have hydroelectric service to the people of his own imme­ Government retain its control over this power provisions which should be rushed diate town and county, to the people of enormous resource which is fundamental to completion. This is particularly true Texas, and to the people of the United to the success of our industrial system. in the Columbia River area and the States. Thirty years of that public serv­ One kilowatt-year of hydroelectric power Hungry Horse p_roject in Montana. ice were devoted to his duties as a Mem­ is equivalent to about 15 barrels of oil. McNary Dam, now under construction, ber of this Congress. He took his seat The Bonneville plant, in my congres-· Hungry Horse project under contract, in March 1917. During· the course of sional district, during the war turned and Foster Cr~ek on .the Columbia River those 30 years in Congress Judge Mans­ out 570,000 continuous kilowatts, which in the planning stage, afford an oppor­ field ser~ed for a longer time. as a mem­ is equivalent to 8,800,000 ba:r:rels. The tunity to make available a heavy accre­ ber of the Committee on Rivers and 15-unit completed Grand Coulee plant is tion to our hydroelectric power produc-::­ Harbors t,llan any other Member in the equivalent to 28,000,000 barrels of oil tion facilities. I mention these projects history of the House, having been elected annually. When McNary Dam on the and the need for hydroelectric power be.; to membership on that committee in Columbia River is completed, the oil sav­ cause many projects coming under my 1921. He succeeded to the chairmanship ing will be about 15,500,000 barrels an­ Subcommittee on Rivers and Harbors, as in December 1931, and served as chair­ nually. The existing usable steam gen­ man for a longer period of · time than eration in the Pacific Northwest is about well as those under the Flood Control any man in the history of Congress. The 275,000 kilowatts and when this capacity Subcommittee, are multiple-purpose qmility of his service is beyond question, is running to meet low-water conditions, .projects carrying, among other features, the merit of his work is superior, the pat­ 5,000,000 barrels will be consumed. the development of hydroelectric power. tern he set for those whose duty it is to From present indications, it will be diffi­ It should be remembered in consider­ follow in the wake of his great endeavors cult to secure commitments on even ing these projects, that each one has had is all-embracing. Therefore, as a new 5,000,000 barrels, due to the tight situ­ most careful consideration, not alone by member of this committee as I take up, ation on the Pacific coast. The poten­ the subcommittee and the full commit..: not where he left off, because his was the tial power on the Columbia and its tribu­ tee, but also by the Army engineers, and broad vision of years of experience and taries is around 20,000,000 kilowatts, and each one has been approved by the en..: knowledge that can cdme ·only with ex­ 18,500,000 kilowatts is now flowing to gineers, the subcommittee, and the full perience, there comes to me a sense .of the sea, unused. If this displacement ccmmittee. The approval was unani~ humility and. responsibility . to add. in energy were developed, the oil saving mous in each case. some measure to the impetus he gave to 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7095 the development of rivers and harbors, and significant of notice that there is not building great jetties at the entrance .to in the construction of new work and the a single project in this rivers and har- Grays Harbor. improvement of the old, that we may . bors title where the cost;.-benefit ratio Lately storms have smashed through progress as the exigencies of time require is not favorably reflected, in that the one of these jetties and set into action and utilize the facilities constructed for benefits to be realized from the com­ powerful ocean currents which now the best interest of tlie commerce and .pleted project will far more than out­ threaten a long spit ·or land known as industry not only of the United States weigh the total cost of the project. Point Chehalis · that projects into the but of the world. Judge Mansfield's These projects were all sc:reened from harbor and behind which is a large fish­ service as a member and chairman of the the time of their inception by a proposal ing boat haven. Rivers and Harbors Committee has con­ to the Congress in the form of a reso­ This haven shelters several hundred tributed more greatly to the development lution for initial investigation by the boats. A publicly owned wharf projects of a Nation-wide program than that of Corps of Engineers, through the investi­ into it. On this wharf are canneries any other man who ever served in the gation by the district engineer, his report where tuna, salmon, and crab are packed. ·Congress. It certainly contributed more back to the division and to the Chief's There are fish buying stations on and to the progress we have made in the o:ffice, then submission to the Congress, near this wharf. There are oil and water State of Texas, not only in rivers and where the committee reviewed the re­ service installations -for the fish boats harbors development but also from the ports. and canneries. There are icing facilities. standpoint of flood control. At the time In each successive step careful atten­ Also on the shore of this cove there is he became a Member of this Congress, tion was paid to the cost-benefit ratio a large and costly Coast Guard station. the total commerce from the harbors of and need for the project. Local hear­ All of these canneries, this Coast Guard Texas was only a .little more than 9,500,- ings under the direction of the district station, and all of the installations to 000 tons per year. When he was erected engineer were held, and both proponents service the canneries and fishing boats to the Congress in the year 1942 it ex­ and opponents had the opportunity to are in danger of being washed away and ceeded 100,000,000 tons a year. For that appear. In the final analysis, the cri­ destroyed unless Point Chehalis is pro­ development and for that increase, much teria prescribed by laws enacted by Con­ tected. The United States engineers say of the credit is due to the broad vision, gress were carefully followed. the protection of Point Chehalis is the keen insight, and· indefatigable in­ There are 34 projects in title I of the urgently needed, is an emergency. dustry of Judge Mansfield. bill, two of which require no money for . It is essential that something be done The CHAIRMAN. The time of the new construction. The total cost of the just as soon as possible for no one can gentleman from Texas has expired. 32 money-requiring projects in the rivers­ tell when the sea, unless protection is Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ and-harbors title is slightly in excess of provided, may wipe out and destroy Fed­ man, I yield the gentleman four addi­ $20,000,000. All of the projects have eral, county, and private property that tional minutes. merit. I look forward to the day when it will· require many hundreds of dollars Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, in these projects we shall authorize today to restore. passing, let me briefly note that the will have been completed, and by their I am hopeful, once this authorization chairman of the committee at present is, completion have contributed to a great bill is passed by House and Senate and in my opinion, one of the most able, most extent to the betterment of the trade, signed by the President, that the Ap­ competent men in the entire Congress, a commerce, and industry of this Nation. propriations Committee will move man of keen insight and cooperative The benefits to be derived accrue not only promptly to make available su:fficient spirit. The same may be said of the to the localities where these projects will money to make such installations as will chairman of the Subcommittee on Rivers be constructed but in the surrounding protect Point Chehalis and the installa­ and Harbors. areas. We must keep pace with the tions it protects, safe from destruction. This bill is a new departure in one progress of the times and maintain a If $1,000,000 were to be provided by sense of the word. In this bill we, for high standard of usefulness of the facili­ this Congress so that work could start the first time in the recent history of the ties that nature has eadowed us with soon, leaving appropriation of the re­ Congress, bring a rivers and harbors and initially by making these improvements. mainder of the fund authorized until a flood-control authorization into one The CHAIRMAN. The time of the next year many hundreds of thousands proposed act. Rivers and harbors im­ gentleman from Texas has expired. · of dollars of installations may be saved. provement is provideC. for in title I, flood Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I The longer we delay in starting this control in title II. yield such time as he may desire to the work the more damage the sea will do to Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman from Washington [Mr. Point Chehalis and the more costly the the gentleman yield? MACK]. • repairs that will have to be made will be. Mr. PICKETT. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. MACK. Mr. Chairman, as a new Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I yield man· from Michigan. Member of the Congress, and as a new 5 minutes to the gentleman from Cali­ Mr. DONDERO. It is true that it is the member· of the Committee on Public fornia [Mr. McDoNOUGH], a member of first time in over 31 years that a bill of Works, I commend the care and thor­ the committee. this kind has come before the House oughness with which this committee has Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, where the two titles have been merged studied, scrutinized, and screened every as a member of the Subcommittee on into one, because on February 24, 19.16, project which has gone into this bill. Flood Control of the Committee on Pub­ the Flood Control Committee was estab­ I want to call attention of the House lic Works I want to say that if all of the lished by the House. in particular to one project in this bill future flood control projects that come Mr. PICKETT. I thank the gentle­ which is of an extremely emergent char­ before the Congress are as worthy as man. acter-the project at Westport, Grays those contained in this bill as to public In the process of the development of Harbor, Wash. · benefits, comparative cost, as to imme­ the contents of title I, the rivers and har­ The coast line of the State of Wash­ diate necessity to relieve the situation in bors title, the subcommittee under the ington is broken by four harbors. At our the various sections of the country where able direction of the gentleman from southern boundary is the Columbia River these projects will be built, and as to the Oregon [Mr. ANGELL] screened as care­ and on our northern boundary is Puget thoroughness in which the committee has fully as I could possibly conceive any Sound. Along the coast line, almost mid­ looked at them from the point of econ­ committee could screen, each of the pro­ way between these two great bodies of omy, there will be very little di:fficulty in posals submitted to it. It is of a great water, are the ports of Willapa Harbor future projects passing the Congress. I deal of significance that not one single and Grays Harbor. am and always have been vitally inter­ member of the committee questioned Grays Harbor is a great port. In the ested in flood control for the reason that any project after it had been completely twenties as many as 900 big cargo ships it is of vital necessity in the area that I explained. It was carefully reviewed by c!eared that port annually, and now the come from in southern California, Los the members of the committee th,rough number is 300 to 400 annually, but the Angeles County. · i_nterrogation, not only of the Corps of ships are larger, being. mostly of the Lib­ I want to take this opportunity to say Engineers representative who appeared erty and Victory classes. that without the benefits that we have before our committee, but of those who The Federal Government has thougl:;tt received, insofar as flood control is con­ represented the local interests and testi­ well enough of the importance of this cerned in southern California, millions fied in favor of. the projects. It is worthy port to invest more than $11,000,0:JO in and millions of dollars worth of ·assessed 7096 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 valuation would be off the rolls today and rows should not be startling, because the the Congress will authorize the construe­ thousands and thousands of beneficial returns in dollars and cents expressed in tion of every available project which can acres that have been used for agriculture assessed valuation and in the nationai develop electric energy no matter in what and the development of homes would not assets of the country will be in the ratio part of the country the project may be be now available for the thousands and of almost 15 to 1 in that area, if this located. thousands of people from all sections of project receives approval of the Con- I represent a section which is in- the United States who are coming to gress. terested in the development of the White southern California to live. The Federal Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair- River Basin and the Arkansas River Government has recognized that flood · man, I yield such time as he may desire Basin. We had hoped that H. R. 6419 control in southern California is not only · to the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. would carry a provision to remove the a local problem for the protection of life, TRIMBLE]. ceiling from the Arkansas River and its limb, and property, but it is a national Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I rise tributaries thus enabling the Corps of problem because of the thousands of peo­ to support H. R. 6419. Every item in Engineers in conjunction with the Ap­ ple that have crowded into that area over this bill is an important item. It is th ~ ~ propriations Committee to go ahead with the years. omnibus bill which our Committee pre- the development of this project. This is There is a section in this bill that has sents to the Congress from time to time a river-and-harbor project and I under­ not been mentioned that I would like to authorizing various projects throughout stand is one of the two river-and-harbor call to the attention of the members of the country. This bill takes into ac- projects in the country where a ceiling the committee, and that is section 208, . count the United States as a whole and upon possible appropriations has been which is an amendment to previous Flood outlines the flood control, river and har- placed. It is my sincere hope that in our Control Acts, in the immediate emergency bor development on a national scope. It bill -next year we will be able to lift that section of previous legislation. There is does not set any particular section of ceiling to provide for the completion of in this bill an authorization for the silln the country apart for special considera- the project. It is so vital to the develop­ of $25,000,000 that may be directed to tion. This is wholesome and demo- ment of the Southwest. be spent under the direction of the Sec­ cratic. Our immediate opportunities for prog- retary of National Defense through the We are in difficult days, not only in an ress in the ~ountry as a whole depend Chief of Army Engineers for any flood international sense but in a ·domestic upon our efforts to tie these great flood disaster emergency that may arise with­ sense as well. In order to meet our control and hydroelectric projects in out further authorization of the Con­ . responsibilities in each of these fields, with the national soil-conservation pro­ gress. we have appropriated billions of dollars gram as well as with the rural-electrifi­ We have an emergency today that will for defense centering largely upon aid- - cation progr'am. Soil conservation is our run into a tremendous loss of life and ing the democratic nations of the earth basic problem in America and any flood­ property along the Columbia River. The to become strong enough to help them- control program which does not look to gentleman from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL] selves; and upon expanding our own soil conservation also lacks balance. has referred to this emergency. This Army, Navy, and Air Force. If I should Legislation is now pending in Congress legislation will immediately meet the re­ criticize the bill at all today, it would looking toward a general farm program quirements in that connection. It will be because only minor projects are in- including soil conservation. The people not only meet the requirements for the eluded, when a program commensurate are divided upon this legislation but I replacement of the works that have with our needs in this strained period of am sure that a workable plan can be been washed out by the flood but it will our national history would better suf- evolved which will command the united fortify and further improve the works flee. A .majority of the people, I believe, support of the farmers in this vital field that were washed out, so that under · agree with the Congress in its attitude of agriculture. This is no time for divi­ normal circumstances there would not - on international affairs and on its de-. sion among us. In order for agriculture be a recurrence of this disaster. I tpink . termiQ.ation ~ strengthen ·our Armed to keep its rightful place in a well-bal- · that is a very important and wise sec­ Services. While these programs are of anced economy along with industry and tion of this bill, because we have had. paramount importance, they will fail labor it behooves us to keep our house similar instances in the Middle West and without a strong economy at home to in order. the Southern States where emergency support them. . Since the first immigrants landed on legislation was necessary to provide for Every flood control and hydroelectric the shores of this country, we have ex­ these disaster conditions. project possible should be constructed. ploited our soil and our other natural May I refer to another project that is resources. Heretofore, when soil be­ not in this bill but that is of vital interest Wisdom on. our part, as a matter of came so depleted that it would not sus- to southern California. It is in the Army national economy and of national de- -tain the family, there was always· a new civil functions appropriation bill that is fense, makes such action mandatory, if frontier, and the pioneers lifted their · now in conference. It has to do with . we are to meet the challenges which are families and moved westward across the flood control. It is the Whittier Narrows ahead of us. mountains. These are the people who project, in Los Angeles County, and that Through a misjudgment of the de- settled our own section. They came from was put into the Army civil functions mand, industry in the past thought that Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, and Ala­ appropriation bill by the Senate, and enough electric power was available to . bama. They were the salt of the earth. will come back to the House for approval. meet every need in the country for years And so ·it continued until their posterity It is a vitally important project which . to come. We know now that there is a had moved westward to the Pacific. · will affect the lives of some 500,000 peo­ -·great shortage of electric energy in every - Now we must pione-er in a new direction, ple in the immediate area of Long Beach section of the country. The public util- and we have learned that it is necessary and north of Long Beach. It has to do ity companies, who up until a short time . to conserve what fertility is yet left in with the future construction of vital · ago fought the building of hydroelectric the soil and to reestablish that which we flood-control works in San Gabriel Val­ dams with all the strength they pos- have taken away. I have constantly ley. I trust that when that item comes sessed, realize their error. They not supported all the measures in the Con- back to the House it will receive favor­ . only favor the dams at this time but gress, including the appropriation for able consideration because of its im­ are demanding that they be built at once soil conservation, which I thought would portance to southern California. to relieve the present power shortage. help the farmer keep· and improve his Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, will With our oil reserves dwindling and our heritage. · the gentleman yield? coal reserves being heavily drawn upon, In this connection, I might add that Mr. McDONOUGH. I yield to the it verges upon a criminal act, in my opin- only in recent years has anything ap~ gentleman from California. ion, for the Congress to permit a single proaching security on the farm been de-. Mr. BRADLEY. I concur in the drop of water to flow unharnessed down veloped. workers in civil-service status gentleman's staten:Ient as to the great any of our streams. The water should have for years been contributing to a need for the Whittier Narrows Dam. be controlled and used to generate the retirement fund against that day when Like the gentleman, I hope the commit- power which wlll turn the wheels·of in- · they will be retired on account of age, - tee will ·permit that item to become law. · dustry in order to save our oil and· coal physical'disabtlity, or completion of serv­ . Mr. ' McDONOUGH. Further, the . reserves and to meet future demands of - ice tenure. The same situation obtains amount of $1,000,000 for Whittier ·Nar- - a growing economy; - Next year; I hope · in most of our other industries where 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7097 the laborer . contributes to benefits of There is a bill pending 1n the Con­ Harbor. The increasing need for pro­ unemployment compensation under so­ gress to require the people to sell the tection against damage from drift· by cial secUrity to take care of himself and power generated at these dams, at each the initiation and development of a -reg­ his family in case of physical disability, dam separately, which if passed, will cer­ Ular program for its collection and re­ lay-off, or retirement. Various enter­ tainly put the owners of the dams at moval.has too long been urgently needed. prises are protected by law in their in­ great disadvantage in bargaining power. In my opinion, this is warranted in view come. For instance, the utility com­ In other words, the people will have to of the substantial benefits which will panies, where rates are so fixed that they take whatever is offered at the dams be­ . accrue to navigation. have a guaranteed 6-percent income cause naturally there will be only one Baltimore Harbor for six consecutive above all expenses, including taxes, sal­ utility company at each dam to bid for months of 1947 was the Nation's leading aries, rebates, advertising funds, and its output. port in volume of exports, and during public-relations funds. The same situ­ Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ August, the port outranked New York ation practically obtains in the insur­ man, I yield such time as he may desire in total exports and imports tonnage ance field, where the rates are fixed to to the gentleman from Louisiana· [Mr. handled. Increases in the volume of insure proper protection to the policy­ BROOKS]. domestic coastwise and inter-coastal holders and at the same time guarantee Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Chairman, while traffic and other branches of water­ a profit to the company. But the farmer H. R. 6419 would not be called a major borne trade are anticipated and it is has no such s~curity. He must fight and flood control and rivers and harbors bill, expected that the volume of the port's scratch for his. All too often he sells it is important that we continue progres­ total water-borne commerce in 1948 will in a free competitive market and must sively this program. Sometimes I hear exceed 40,000,000 tons. buy his machinery, his fertilizer, and his complaints regarding expenditures on Therefore, I believe that with the Fed­ · electricity in a protected market. this type of work and recently I believe eral Government taking over the super­ Rural electrification is really a god­ it was the United States Chamber of vision and removing of debris will help, send to the farm home. For years, our Commerce that called one of our appro­ not only our water commerce, but will rural people hoped and clamored for priations bills on flood control and rivers also be a great benefit and will guat~antee electricity. It never came-:-until the and harbors "pork barrel" legislation. more safety to our pleasure craft. . Rural Electrification Administration was Invariably following these criticisms, the Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ established and money was lent to the Nation reads of some disaster through­ man, I ask unanimous consent that the farmers to establish their own organ­ out the country, indicating the urgent gentleman from Texas [Mr. PICKETT J be ization and bring this much-needed need for a continuation of the program permitted to revise and extend his re­ . commodity to their farms. When elec­ of flood control. marks. tricity came to the farm home, washing Every paper we pick up now is filled The' CHAIRMAN. Is there objection machines, refrigerators, stoves, and with news of the terrible devastation to the request of the gentleman from lights came with it. The farm home be­ caused by the floodwaters of the Co­ Tennessee? came more attractive' to our young peo­ lumbia River. A major flood is now in There was no objection. ple, and as a result more of them are process on the Pacific coast. People Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I staying on the farm to make it their call- are being inundated by the thousands ask unanimous consent that all members . ing. I have supported this program with and property ranging up to hundreds of of the Committee on Public Works be all my strength. I shall continue to sup­ millions of dollars is being destroyed by permitted to extend their remarks at port it, and I shall resist any movement unmanageable torrents of water. Such this point in the·RECORD. to. hamstring it. 1 a situation calls loudly for congressional The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection Flood-control and hydroelectric proj­ aid and I think Congress is going to re­ to the request of the gentleman from ects in our district are a definite reality. spond generously in helping to prevent a Michigan? Already Norfork Dam is completed. recurrence of this frightful situation on There was no objection. \Vork is moving ahead at Bull Shoals. the Pacific coast. - UPPER ALLEGHENY RIVER IN AND AR<;lUND In the not-too-distant future, Gilbert Like floods may happen in other sec­ BRADFORD! PA. Dam, the Lone Rock Dam, the Table tions of the country. The work of tam­ Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, due to the Rock Dam, the Beaver Dam, and the ing the floodwaters of the great streams fact that the Board of Engineers for Archey Fork Dam will all be built. They of our country must go on. Water which Rivers and Harbors is of the opinion that will do three things to our district. First, becomes so destructive at extraordinary the flood problem in Bradford, Pa., and they will control floods; second, they will times must be harnessed to the good of vicinity, is a serious one and flood pro­ develop much needed hydroelectric mankind and to the use of civilization. tection urgently needed, I hoped the power, without which small industry will The Army engineers can do this job with project for flood control and improve­ not come to our section; and, third, they proper aid from Congress. ment of the upper Allegheny River in will make our district one of the garden I compliment the Committee on Public and around BradfOrd would be ready for spots of the United States from a recre­ Works for bringing in this measure at inclusion in the omnibus river and har­ ational standpoint. I shall continue to · the present time. I am glad that both bor and flood-control bill, H. R. 6419, support these projects. majority and minority parties are unan­ which we are considering today. I have voted in the past to tie all these imous in their approval on this measure The views and recommendations of dams together. I shall continue to vote and that it will in all probability be dis­ the Board of Engineers for Rivers and 'the same way. The dams which are be­ posed of as finished legislation by ad­ Harpors have been approved bY. the ing ·built across our streams belong to journment time of t~is session of Con­ Chief of Engineers, who .in his letter to all the people; the water which turns the gress. . the Secretary of the Army, copy of which turbines to generate the electricity from Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ I have before me, stated that after due these dams belongs to all the people; the man, I yield such time as he may desire consideration of the Board's report, he electrical energy generated by these to the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. concurred in its views and recommenda­ turbines belongs to all the people. FALLON]. tions. Likewise the report was approved, Therefore, it is my firm conviction that Mr. FALLON. Mr. Chairman, I want in accordance with the request of the the people should retain control of the to commend the gentleman from Michi­ Governor of the Commonwealth of power generated at all these dams. To gan [Mr. DONDERO], our chairman, and Pennsylvania. It now awaits the aP-­ do so not only protects a vast system the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. proval of the Bureau of the Budget where of rural electrification cooperatives WHITTINGTON], our ranking minority it is now on file. throughout the country from possible member, and all the members of the Mr. DONDERO. Mr. ·chairman, I discrimination by the utility companies ·Public Works Committee, for their hard yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from who might wish to do so; but, :i.n addi­ and diligent work in reporting this im­ New York [Mr. BUCK]. tion, by tieing the dams together, accord­ . portant· bill unanimously. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Chairman, I con­ ing to competent. engineers, the output I am deeply grateful to the committee gratulate the distinguished and able of electric energy is increased at least for recommending for passage the par­ chairman of this committee for report­ 15 percent with resultant savings to the ticipation of the Army engineers in ing the smallest river and harbor bill taxpayers of that amount. cleaning of debris from our Baltimore in 25 years. Being recently cast as the _, · 7098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 Devil's advocate, however, I wish the by virtue of this improvement, what of the harbor clear from refuse dangerous amount were smaller than it is. I am the nearby city or town which suffers to navigation. addressing myself solely to river and loss of that 1 percent. Nation-wide or The CHAIRMAN. The time of the harbor items. I am about to start a even State-wide gain would not seem to gentleman from Oregon has expired. movement for truth- and accuracy in result. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I committee reports. On page 3 of this The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen­ have no further requests for time. report appears the following: tleman has expired. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will The committee has carefully analyzed the Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I read. reports and the testimony presented to it. yield 1 minute to the gentleman from The Clerk read as follows: It finds that a number of deep-draft chan­ Pennsylvania [Mr. McGARVEYL nels and. harbors are presently inadequate Mr. McGARVEY. Mr. Chairman, I TITLE I-RIVERS AND HARBORS to accommodate the new deeper draft tank­ just want to express my high regard for SEc. 101. The following works of improve­ ers and dry-cargo vessels. These channels this committee. This is the first com­ ment of rivers and harbors and other water­ were constructed to serve the now obsolete ways for navigation, flood control, and other and rapidly vanishing ocean carriers with mittee of which I have been a member purposes are hereby adopted and authorized drafts up to 30 feet and speeds not exceed­ since I have been here. I must say to to be prosecuted under the direction of the ing 11 knots. Vessels with loaded drafts our able chairman, the gentleman from Secretary of the Army and supervision of the from 30 to 34 feet and speeds up to 16 knots Mi.chigan [Mr. DoNDERO] and the gentle­ Chief of Engineers, in accordance with the now predominate in the trade using the man from Michigan [Mr. ENGEL] that it plans and subject to the conditions recom­ channels and harbors which ·are recom­ has been a great education for me. mended by the Chief of :E'ngineers in the mended for improvement. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I respect! ve reports hereinafter designated: Provided, That the provision of section 1 of Now I want to read you the names of yield 1 minute to the gentleman from the River and Harbor Act approved March 2, some of the channels and harbors rec­ Nebraska [Mr. CURTIS]. 1945 (Public, No. 14, 79th Cong., 1st sess.), ommended for improvement: Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, I asked shall govern with respect to projects herein Beals Harbor, Maine; Cape· Porpoise Har­ for this time for the purpose of asking a authorized; and the procedures therein set bor, Maine; Falmouth Harbor, Mass.; Taun­ question. forth with respect to plans, proposals, or ton River, Mass.; Provincetown Harbor, Mass.; Lines 16 to 21, on page 8, provide that reports for worlcs of improvement for navi­ Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, R. I.; West­ no project will be considered unless a gation or flood control and for irrigation and cott Cove, Conn.; Greenwich Harbor, Conn. purposes incidental thereto, shall apply as if report has been submitted by the Chief herein set forth in full: Mr. Chairman, I am familiar with most of Engineers to the Congress. That is Beals Harbor, Maine; House Document No. of those harbors. I doubt if a vessel of the.Iaw now, is it not? 553, Eightieth Congress; 34-foot draft has put into Beals Harbor Mr. DONDERO. That l.s the law now. Cape Porpoise Harbor, Maine; House Docu­ Maine, or Point Judith Harbor of Refug~ Mr. CURTIS. I ask this question be-. ment No. 555, Eightieth Congress; in the last 50 years, . if ever. Then the cause of my concern about the Beatrice, Channel from Buzzards Bay to Buttermilk Nebr., flood-control plant. The Presi­ Bay, Mass.; House Document No. 552, Eighti­ report goes on to say that these improve­ eth Congress; ments will permit these heavy vessels of dent has not -transmitted the Kansas River report to Congress. As I under­ Falmouth Harbor, Mass.; House Document 34-foot draft to proceed at full speed in No. 566, Eightieth Congress; the channels with safety and conven­ stand it, this could not be included in Provincetown Harbor, Mass.; House Docu­ ience. I ask anyone familiar with harbor this bill. ment No. 600, Eightieth Congress; navigation if any heavy vessel can pro­ Mr. DONDERO. That is correct. Taunton River, Mass.; House Document No. ceed at 16-knot speed and not create a In other words, the project must follow 196, Eightieth Congress; swell which would wreck every berthed the usual procedure; consideration by Harbor of refuge at Point Judith, R. I.; barge in the harbor. the Army engineers, the Chief of Engi­ Senate Document No. 15, Eightieth Congress; neers, and be transmitted to Congress Westcott Cove, Conn.; House Document Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, will No. 379, Eightieth Congress; the gentleman yield at that point? and then considered by the subcommit­ Greenwich Harbor, Conn.; House Docu­ Mr. BUCK. I yield. tee, and then the full committee, before ment No. 272, Eightieth Congress; Mr. PICKETT. I direct the gentle­ it comes to the floor of the House. Rock Hall Harbor, Md.; House Document man's attention to the fact that on page Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the No. 273, Eightieth Congress; 3 from which he read, there is a succeed­ gentleman from Oregon [Mr. ANGELLJ. Chester River, Md. (channel from Kent Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, being Island Narrows to Wells Cove); House Docu­ ing paragraph following the one from . ment No. 380, Eightieth Congress; which he read where the distinction is chairman of the Subcommittee en Rivers Cambridge Harbor, Md.; House Document made in the report, I believe, very clearly and Harbors, I would like to make this No. 381, Eightieth Congress; for all who want to read it. In the para­ brief statement with reference to the Honga River and Tar Bay, Md.; House graph from which the gentleman was remarks made by the gentleman from Document No. 680, Eightieth Congress; reading, we were talking about deep-draft' New York [Mr. BucKJ. Anyone who Bransons Cove, Lower Machodoc River, Va.: vessels in harbors and channels that takes the time to read our report in full House Document No. 420, Eightieth Congress; handle such vessels, such as the Texas will find everyone of these projects ex­ Deep Creek, Warwick County, Va.; House plained in detail. It shows everything Document No. 601, Eightieth Congress; City-Houston-Galveston ship channel Norfolk Harbor, southern Branch of Eliza­ and the Baltimore or New York channels which has to do with the merits of each beth River, Va.; House Document No. 545, and so forth, with which the gentleman project. Naturally, in the preliminary Eightieth Congress; is bound to be familiar. In the succeed­ statement we could not give that detailed Stumpy Point Bay, N.C.; House Document ing and last paragraph on page 3, we were information, but it is in the report, and No. 422, Eightieth Congress; talking about _these shallow-draft har­ it will show among these projects, such Inland Waterway, Beaufort to Cape Fear bors which the gentleman has mentioned. as the Baltimore Harbor, one of the River, N. C., including waterway to Jackson­ Mr. BUCK. Nevertheless, the report largest harbors in the country and in the ville, N. C.; House Document No. 421, Eighti­ world, and many other projects which eth Congress; does state that vessels with loaded drafts St. Andrew Bay, Fla.; House Document No. of 30 to 34 feet "predominate" in the are quite small; some in Massachusetts, 559, Eightieth Congress; harbors which are recommended for im­ some in the far West and elsewhere, Galveston Harbor, Tex.; House Document provement. The gentleman, I am sure, which are improved largely for local in­ No. 561, Eightieth Congress; will agree as to the inaccuracy of that terests, such as fishing; men who make Galveston Channel, Tex.; House Document language. their living on the water. But these No. 561, Eightieth Congress; . I now refer to the justifications for small projects certainly should receive Texas City Channel, Tex.; House Document some of these improvements. In the jus­ the same type of consideration as the No. 561, Eightieth Congress; tification for Falmouth Harbor, Mass., large ones, such as New York City. Houston Ship Channel, Tex.; House Docu­ for example, the report sets forth that a Mr. BUCK. Is there anything in this ment No. 561, Eightieth Congress; bill for the port of New Ym·I-::? Port Aransas-Corpus Christi waterway, conservative estimate of the increase in Tex.; House Document No. 560, Eightieth retail business to accrue from the im­ Mr. ANGELL. No. There is provi­ Congress; provement is 1 percent. I suggest that sion for Baltimore Harbor. The same Grand Traverse Bay, Mich. (in the vicinity the author of that estimate was hard put law applies to New York as applies to of Traverse City); House Document No. 546, to find any justification. Another ques­ Baltimore Harbor. The Federal Gov­ Eightieth Congress; tion is of course involved. If Falmouth ernment has been spending funds on Dunkirlc Harbor, N. Y.; House Document benefits 1 percent in its retail busineEs New York Harbor for years in keeping No. 632, Eightieth Congress; 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE 7099 Halfmoon Bay, Calif.; House Document No, shall apply to all works authorized in this The project for flood protection on the -, Eightieth Congress; act except that for any channel improvement Henderson River, Ill., is hereby authorized Noyo River and Harbor, Calif.; House Doc­ or channel rectification project, provisions substantially in accordance with the recom­ ument No. 586; Eightieth Congress; (a), (b), and (c) of section 3 of said act .of mendations of the Chief of Engineers in Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg. (channel to, June 2, 1936, shall apply thereto, and except House Document No. 245, Eightieth Congress, and boat basin at, Garibaldi); House Docu­ as otherwise provided by law: Provided, That at an estimated cost of $1,520,000. ment No. -, Eightieth Congress; the authorization for any flood-control proj­ The project for flood protection at and in Umpqua River, Oreg. (channel to, and ect herein adopted requiring local coopera­ the vicinity of Aitkin, Minn., on the Missis­ basin in, Winchester Bay); Senate Document tion shall expire 5 years from the date on sippi River is hereby authorized substan­ No. -, Eightieth Congress; which local interests are notified in writing tially in accordance with the recommenda­ Coos Bay, Oreg. (Charleston Channel); by the Department of the Army of the re­ tions of the Chief of Engineers in House House Document No.-, Eightieth Congress; quirements of local cooperation, unless said Document No. 599, Eightieth Congress, at Coos and Millicoma Rivers, Oreg.; Senate interests shall within said time furnish as­ an estimated cost of $1,680,000. Document No. 124; Eightieth Congress; surances satisfactory to the Secretary of the Skipanon Channel, Oreg (at Warrenton); Army that the required cooperation will be OHIO RIVER BASIN Senate Document No. 93, Eightieth Congress; furnished. The local flood-protection works at and Smith River, Oreg.; Senate Document No. SEc. 202. The provisions of section 1 of the in the vicinity of Uniontown, Pa., on Red­ 94, Eightieth Congress; act of December 22, 1944 (Public, No. 534, stone Creek, are hereby authorized substan­ Grays Harbor and Chehalis River, Wash.; 78th Cong., 2d sess.), shall govern with re­ tially in accordance with the recommenda­ House Document No.-, Eightieth Congress. spect to projects herein authorized; and the tions of the Chief of Engineers in House . SEc. 102. That hereafter direct allotments · procedures therein set forth with respect to Document No. 301, Eightieth Congress, at from appropriations for the maintenance plans, proposals, or reports for works of im­ an estimated cost of $1,015,000. and improvement of ·existing river and har­ provement for navigation or flood control The project for flood protection at Rosi­ bor works, or from other a,ailable appropria­ and for irrigation and purposes incidental clare, Ill., on the Ohio River is hereby au­ tions, may be made by the Secretary of the thereto ;,hall apply as if herein set forth in thorized substantially in accordance with Army for the collection and removal of drift full. the recommendations of the Chief of Engi­ in Baltimore Harbor and its tributary waters, It is hereby declared to be the policy of the neers in Senate Document No. 125, Eightieth and this work shall be carried out as a sepa­ Congress that the following provisions shall Congress, at an estimated cost of $500,000. rate and distinct project. be observed: GREAT LAKES BASIN SEc. 103. That the existing project for the No project or any modification not au­ thorized, of a project for flood control or The project for flood protection at Batavia Neches and Angelina Rivers, Tex., adopted and vicinity, New York, on Tonawanda Creek in the River and Harbor Act approved March rivers and harbors, shall be authorized by the Congress unless a report for such project or is hereby authorized substantially in accord­ 2, 1945, is hereby modified so as to provide ance with the recommendations of the Chief that the local agency which gives assurances modification has been previously submitted by the Chief of Engineers, United States of Engineers in Senate Document No. 46, that upon completion of the entire project it Eightieth Congress, at an estimated cost of will contribute toward the first cost of the Army, in conformity with existing law. SEc. 203. That the following works of im­ $565,000. work the sum of $5,000,000, shall be permitted The project for flood protection at Dans­ to withdraw from the pool of dam B not to provement for the benefit of navigation and the control of destructive flood-waters and ville· and vicinity, New York, on Canaseraga exceed 2,000 cubic feet of water per second Creek, a tributary of the Genesee River, is for its own use. other purposes are hereby adopted and au­ thorized to be prosecuted under the direc­ hereby authorized substantially in accord­ SEc. 104. The Secretary of ttie Army is ance with the recommendations of the Chief hereby authorized and directed to cause pre- tion of the Secretary of the Army and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers in ac­ of Engineers in House Document No. 206, :uminary examinations and surveys to be made Eightieth Congress, at an estimated cost of at the following-named localities, the cost cordance with the plans in the respective re­ ports hereinafter designated and subject to $165,000. . thereof to be paid from appropriations here­ The project for flood protection and other tofore or hereafter made for such purposes: the conditions set forth therein: Provided, That the necessary plans, specifications, and purposes on Red Run, a tributary of the Provided, That no preliminary examination, Clinton River, Mich., is hereby authorized survey, project, or estimate for new works preliminary work may be prosecuted on any project authorized in this act with funds substantially in accordance with the recom­ other than those designated in this or some mendations of the Chief of Engineers in prior act or joint resolution shall be made: from appropriations heretofore or hereafter made for flood control so as to be ready for House Document No. 628, Eightieth Con­ Provided further, That after the regular or gress, at an estimated cost of $1,010,000. formal reports made as required by law on rapid inauguration of a construction pro­ gram: Provided further, That the projects The project for protection of the Reno any examination, survey, project, or work authorized herein shall be initiated as ex­ Beach-Howards Farm area and adjacent under way or proposed are submitted, no sup­ peditiously and prosecuted as vigorously as areas, Lucas County, Ohio, from floods plemental or additional report or estimate may be consistent with budgetary require­ caused by frequent windstorms and from shall be made unless authorized by law: ments: And provided further, That pen stocks increases in the .lake level of Lake Erie, is Provided further, That the Government shall and other similar facilities adapted to pos­ hereby authorized substantially in accord­ not be deemed to have entered upon any sible future use in the development of hydro­ ance with the recommendations of the Chief project for the improvement of any water­ electric power shall be installed in any da~ of Engineers in House Document No. 554, way or harbor mentioned in this act until authorized in this act for construction by Eightieth Congress; at an estimated cost of the project for the proposed work shall have the Department of the Army when approved been adopted by law: Provided further, That $330,000. by the Secretary of the Army on the recom­ SANTA CLARA RIVER BASIN reports of surveys on beach erosion and mendation of the Chief of Engineers and. "the The project for flood protection along the shore protection shall include an estimate Federal Power Commission: of the public interests involved, and such Santa Clara River and its tributaries, Cali­ plan of improvement as is found justified, ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN fornia, is hereby authorized substantially in together with the equitable distribution of The projects for flood protection at Carth­ accordance with the recommendations of the costs in each case: And provided further, age and Monett, Mo., in the Arkansas River Chief of Engineers in House Document No. That this section shall not be construed to Basin are hereby authorized substantially in 443, Eightieth Congress, at an estimated cost interfere with the performance of any duties accordance with the recommendations of of $4,960,000. vested in the Federal Power Commission un­ the Chief of Engineers in House Document GILA RIVER BASIN der existing law: No. 445, Eightieth Congress, at an estimated The project for flood protection at Tucson Desoris Creek, N. Y.; cost of $740,000. and vicinity, Arizona, in the Gila River Basin, Tolchester Beach area, Maryland; The projects for local flood protection on is hereby authorized substantially in accord­ Little Magothy River, Md.; the Arkansas River authorized by the Flood. ance with the recommendations of the Chief Holdens Creek, Va.; Control Act approved December 22, 1944, in of Engineers in House Document No. 274, Hacks Creek, Northumberland County, Va.; accordance with House Document No. 447, Eightieth Congress, at an estimated cost of Back River, York County, Va., and channel Seventy-eighth Congress, are hereby modi­ $2,390,000. connecting Back River with Front Cove.; fied to provide that the United States will LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER Bennetts Creek, York County; Va.; participate in the cost of raising the ap­ proaches to the highway bridges across the The project for flood control and improve­ Powells Bay, Accomack County, Va., at ment of the lower Mississippi River, adopted Wisharts Point, and channel connecting said Arkansas River at Morrilton and at Van Buren-Fort Smith in an amount not to ex­ by the act approved ¥ay 15, 1928, as amended bay with the "Ballast"; by subsequent acts, is hereby modified and Fishermans Bay, Lopez Island, Wash. ceed $200,000. expanded to include the following item and SEC. 105. Title I may be cited as the "River UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN the authorization for said project is increased and Harbor Act of 1948." The project for :Hood protection at South accordingly: TITLE TI-FLOOD CONTROL Beloit, Ill., on the Rock River is hereby au­ The project for improvement of the Missis­ SEc. 201. That section 3 of the act approved thorized substantially in accordance with sippi River below Cape Girardeau with re­ June 22, 1936 (Public, No. 738, 74th Cong.), the recommendations of the Chief of Engi­ spect to the west Tennessee tributaries at as amended by section 2 of the act approved neers in House Document No. 112, Eightieth an estimated cost of $7,700,000, is hereby June 28, 1938 (Public, No. 761, 75th Oong.), Congress, at an estimated cost of $100,000. authorized substantially in accordance with .7100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_HOUSE JUNE 3 the recommendations of the Ch ief of Engi­ except as may result from the normal pro­ Page 2, line 5, after the partial word "ized", neers in House Document No. 627, Eightieth cedure applying to projects authorized after insert the words "in this title." Congress. submission of preliminary examination and Page 3, line 11, after the word "Numbered", SEc. 204. The Secretary of the Army is survey reports. · strike out "680" and insert "580." ·hereby authorized and directed to cause pre­ SEc. 206. That section 5 of the Flood Con­ Page 4,11ne 17, strike out the long dash and liminary examinations and surveys for flood trol Act of August 18, 1941, as amended by insert "644." control and allied purposes, includ ing chan­ section 12 of the Flood Control Act of 1946, Page 4, line 21, after the word "Numbered", nel and major drainage improvement s, and is hereby further amended to read as follows: strike out the long dash and insert "650." floods aggravated by or due to wind or tidal "That the Secretary of the Army is hereby Page 4, line 24, after the word "Numbered", effects to be made under the direction of the authorized to allot, from any appropriations strike out the long dash and insert "154." Chief of Engineers, in drainage areas of the heretofore or hereafter made for flood con­ Page 5, .line 2, after the word "Numbered", United States and its Territorial possessions, trol, not to exceed $2 ,000,000 for any one strilce out the long dash and insert "646." which include the following-named locali­ fiscal year to be expended in rescue work or Page 5, line 10, after the word "Numbered", ties, and the Secretary of Agriculture is au­ in the repair, rest oration, or maintenance strike out the long dash and insert "635." thorized and directed to cause preliminary of any flood-control worlt threatened or de­ Page 6, line 9, after the word "this", insert examinations and surveys for run-off and stroyed by flood, including the strengthen­ the word "title." water-flow retardation and soil-erosion pre­ ing, raising, extending, or other modifica­ Page 6, line 17, after the word "this", strike vention on such drainage areas, the cost tion thereof as may be necessary in the dis­ out the word "Act" and insert the word thereof to be paid from appropriations here­ cretion of the Chief of Engineers for the ade­ "title," tofore or hereafter made for such purposes: quate functioning of the work for flood con­ Page 7, line 1, strike out "Desoris" and in­ Provided, That after the regular or formal sert "Dosoris." reports made on any examination, survey, trol." SEc. 207. That the sum of $25,000,000 is Page 7, line 19, after the word."this", 'strike project, or work under way or proposed are out the word "Act" and insert the word submitted to Congress, no supplement al or hereby authorized to be appropriated for carrying out improvements by the Depart­ "title." addit ional report or estimate shall be made Page 8, line 9, after the partial word "ects", unless authorized by law except that the ment of the Army, and the sum of $10,000,- 000 additional is authorized to be appro­ strike out the word "herein" and insert after Secretary of the Army may cause a review of the word "authorized" the words "in this any examination or survey to be made and a priated and expended in equal amounts by the Departments of the Army and Agricul­ title." . report thereon submitted to the Congress if Page 9, line 6, after the word "this", strike such review is required by the national ture for carrying out any examination or survey provided for in this act and any other out the word "Act" and insert the word defense or by changed physical or economic "title.' conditions: And provi ded further , That the acts of Congress to be prosecuted by said Departments. Page 9, line 14, after the word "this", strike Government shall not be deemed to have out the word "Act" and insert the word entered upon any project for the improve­ SEc. 208. That the sum of $25,000,000 is ment of any waterway or harbor mentioned hereby authorized to be appropriated as an "titl~.' ' emergency fund to be expended 1:nder the Page 14, line 12 , after the word "this", in this act until the project for the proposed strike out the word "Act" and insert the word work shall have been adopted by law; direction of the Secretary of the Army and Rahway River and its tributaries, New the supervision of the Chief of Engineers for "title." Page 16, line 23, after the word "improve­ Jersey; the repair, restoration, and strengthening of Chowan River and its tributaries, Virginia levees and other flood-control works which ments", insert "under this title." and North Carolina; have been threatened or destroyed by recent Page 17, line 3, after the word "this", strike Pantego Creek and Cucklers Creek, N. C.; floods, or which may be threatened or de­ out the word "Act" and insert the word Rice Creek, a tributary of St. John River, stroyed by later·fioods, including the raising, "title." Fla.; extending, or other modification of suoh Page 17, lines 15, 16, 17, and 18, after the Streams flowing through the Brazoria­ works as may be necessary in the discretion word "Provided", strike out "That the provi­ Galveston Soil Conservation District, the of the Chief of Engineers for the adequate sions of local cooperation specified in section Trinity Bay Soil Conservation District, the functioning of the works for flood control: 3 of the Flood Control Act of June 22, 1936, Coastal Plains Soil Conservation District, and Provided, That the provisions of local co­ as amended, shall apply", and insert "That the Matagorda C'ounty Soil Conservation Dis­ operation specified in section 3 of the Flood local interests shall provide without cost to strict, Texas, with a view to improvement in Control Act of June 22, 1936, as amended, the United States all lands, easements, and the interest of navigation, flood control, and shall apply: Provided fur ther, That pending rights-of-way necessary for the work and related purposes, including channel and ma­ the appropriation of said sum, the Secretary shall maintain and operate all the works jor drainage improvements; of the Army may allot from existing flood­ after completion in a manner satisfactory to Area at and in the vicinity of Texas City, control appropriations such sums as may be the Chief of Engineers." Tex., with a view to providin g for its protec­ necessary for the immediate prosecution of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection tion against storms and erosions, including the work authorized .bY this section, such ap­ to the request of the gentleman from the protect ion of the instrumentalities and propriations to be reimbursed from said Michigan [Mr. DONDERO]? aids to commerce located there; emergency fund when appropriated: And Au Gres River and tributaries, Michigan; provided further, That funds allotted under There was no objection. Area at and in the vicinity of Bellevue, this authority shall not be diverted from The CHAIRMAN. -The question is on Ohio, and the surrounding area of Seneca, the unobligated funds from the appropria­ agreeing to the committee amendments. Erie, Huron, and Sandusky Counties, with tion "Flood control, general," made available The committee amendments were a view to the control of floods caused by ex­ in War Department Civil Functions Appro­ agreed to. cess underground and surface waters; priation Acts for specific purposes. Harbors and rivers in Alaska, with a view SEC. 209. Title II may be cited as the "Flood The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the to det ermining the advisability of improve­ Control Act of 1948." Committee will now rise. ments in the interest of navigation, flood con­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and trol, hydroelectric power, and related water Mr. DONDERO Peration, due to the extension of the the present star-route contractor have gentleman yield? route, due to increase in the amount of been satisfactory and etncient. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield mail being carried, then the Postmaster Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman to the gentleman from North Carolina. General may increase the compensation think that is in keeping with the policy Mr. BONNER. I would like to call the of the star-route contractor at any time of Congress to give these GI's every op­ attention of my colleague from North during the new term of 4 years. portunity to secure Government jobs? Carolina to_the fact that many of these · Mr. COOLEY. It could onlY be done Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Cer­ contracts now are held by servicemen, for the new term of 4 years. tainly I do, when these routes are let by men of the First World War, and if the Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is open, competitive bidding. I think when record will be looked into I am sure it correct. a star-route contractor has carried the will be .found that the same thing is true Mr. COOLEY. At the present time if mail for 20 to 25 years, has rendered a in other communities as it is in mine; a man is carrying a star route and is not faithful, efficient service, it is unjust and that is that a majority of the routes are being reasonably compensated and is unfair for him to be deprived of his con­ served by former World War I veterans, carrying the mail at a very low rate, he tract for another 4-year term by cut­ so this business about Gl's not having a cannot immediately iricrease that for the throat bidding. We have many cases chance to compete is not true. period of the oncoming 4 years? today where a conscientious, honest, Mr. MURRAY of Tel_ _lessee. I think Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. No, that capable contractor, who has served as the statistics show th ~t of the present cannot be done under the present law. a carrier for 20 years, has lost his con­ star-route contractors about 40 percent Under the present law, if a star-route tract by an underbid of a dollar or two. of them are World War I veterans. contractor feels he is losing money under Mr. GOOLEY. If you are going to do Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, will his contract price and he cannot afford that as a policy, you should give the post­ the gentleman yield? to carry the mail any longer the Post­ masters some power to offer an induce­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield. master General cannot increase his pay ment to that competent, efficient carrier Mr. RICHARDS. What worries me but the contractor may, under an act that the gentleman is talking about. about this bill is this: In the southern passed by Congress in 1940, ask the Post­ -Under this law he cannot increase his division bids have been called for; is that master General to cancel his contract. pay $1 a year. He cannot offer him an true? iie will forfeit 30 days' pay by the Post­ additional $100 to stay on. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is master General canceling his contract. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Certainly · correct. Then that route will be again put up to he can. Mr. RICHARDS. And many bids have open, competitive bidding, and the old Mr. COOLEY. Under this law could been submitted on the understanding contractor, whose contract was canceled he increase the compensation of a present that the contract Ylould be let under the at his request, may offer a new bid. carrier? · old basis. Now, many veterans have sub­ Mr. COOLEY. What effect does this Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Under mitted these bids. I think we have got have on the rights of returned GI's to this proposed bill, yes; when his contract a fair bill here, but what I am worried take examinations? It appears to me if is extended by . the Postmaster General about is whether or not these people who we permit the Post Office Department to for another term of 4 years. have gone ahead and submitted their renegotiate these contracts, all the Gl's Mr. COOLEY. Only in the event of bids under a misapprehension will be might be excluded, because they cannot change of circumstances in the year. dealt with fairly. compete in an examination. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I think Mr ~ MURRAY of Tennessee. May I Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is say that many of the old contractors are correct. so. gradually giving up their. contracts at Mr. COOLEY. He cannot do it as of Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Chairman, will the the end of the 4-year term. When the the beginning of the contract. gentleman yield? southern section was -advertised for bids, Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. He can Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield on 49 of these routes there were no bids do it at any time during the extension to the gentleman from Minnesota. at all. In such cases the Postmaster of a new 4-year term. Mr. HAGEN. The gentleman will re­ General must get out and make some Mr. COOLEY. Right at the beginning? call that we passed a resolution just a kind of a temporary contract for the Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. For in­ few weeks ago authorizing the Post Of­ carrying of the mail where there are no stance, let us say that there has been fice Department not to accept these bids bids because the mail must be carried a star-route contractor who has rendered which were called for recently in the .regardless. Also whenever the Post­ faithful service for a number of years, southern division, so they have that au­ master General does not desire to extend and it develops that during his past 4- thority now to defer the awarding of the a contract because he does not think the year term he has been carrying the mail contracts in anticipation of the. passage service of the carrier has been satisfac­ at a loss, then it is nothing but right of this legislation. So, the bidders have tory for the past 4 years, that route will and fair -that the Postmaster General known for ·some time that they will not again be put up to open, competitive bid­ should increase his compensation so that be considered and, as a matter of fact, ding. When the star-route contractor he will at least get .a fair return on his there are many carriers in the southern has decided to retire or has decided he investment and his time for carrying the section who are veterans and who are may not want another 4-year contract, mail at any time after his contract is anticipating this legislation in the hope then the route is put up for competitive extended for another 4-year term. that they can renew their contracts. · bidding. For instance, in the southern Mr. COOLEY. And the fixing of the Mr. RICHARDS. But many of these territory this time 559 of the present compensation is left entirely to the dis­ bids were submitted months ago. holders of star-route contracts in the cretion .of the Postmaster General? Mr. HAGEN. That is true. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7105 Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, will the will be considered, and the contract for for $1,995." By bidding $5 under the gentleman yield? that route will be let to the lowest re­ responsible contractor he would get the Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield to sponsible bidder. contract from the Post Office Depart­ the chairman of our committee the gen­ Mr. DOUGHTON. As under the ment. We want to eliminate that. . tleman from Kansas. present law? Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. REES. To clarify some of the dis­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is the gentleman yield? cussion with respect to these bids, the correct. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield. gentleman from North Carolina called Mr. DOUGHTON. I thank the gen­ Mr. LANHAM. There is one point attention to the question of having a tleman. that is not quite clear in my mind. chance to compete. I · will say this to Mr. MURRAY of Te·nnessee. This bill Where bids have already been received, him, that of the 2,264 star routes in the does not interfere with the present law if this bill is passed can the Postmaster southern section, section No. 2, there providing for open competitive bidding. General renegotiate with the old carrier, are now 559 present holders that did not Under the present law, every star-route or will he have to accept the lowest bid, submit new bids. That is more than contract extends for only 4 -years. At since they have already been called for one-fourth of them. So, I just wanted the end of 4 years the route must be put and received? to explain that the bidding is not a up for open competitive bidding. This Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. No, the closed matter. Five hundred and fifty­ bill amends the present law only in this Postmaster General can go ahead under nine routes are still open for bids that instance: It gives the Postmaster Gen­ the terms of this bill and extend for an­ the veterans can bid on or anybody else. eral the right to extend the contract for other term of 4 years the contract of any I just wanted to clarify that particular additional terms of 4 years where the responsible, satisfactory star-route con­ point. contractor wants the contract extended tractor, regardless of the bids that have Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman and where his services have been satis­ been submitted. agree that in most of these cases, a ma­ factory to the Postmaster General. Mr. LANHAM. I thank the gentle­ man. jority of them, competitive bidding will Mr. DOUGHTON. It deals only with be a thing of the past if you enact this present contractors. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. In case law? no bids have been submitted or the Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. The present contractor has not submitted a Mr. REES . . I would not say that that gentlenuin is correct. would be true, not necessarily; no. I think bid, as is the case in about one-fourth Mr. LYLE. Mr. Chairman, will the of the southern contracts, then those the gentleman from Tennessee has made gentleman yield? a very fair explanation on that score, so contracts will be let to the lowest re­ we hope there will be no cut-throat bid­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. . I yield sponsible bidders who ·have sent their ding. to the gentleman from Texas, a member bids down to the Post Office Department. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I do not of our committee. Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, will agree with the statement of the gentle­ Mr. LYLE. I think it might be made the gentleman yield? man ·from North Carolina that this will clear here that for 3% years the gentle­ Mr. .: MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield. destroy open competitive bidding. It only man and I have worked on this matter. · Mr. RICHARDS. I believe you have a provides that in the event of faithful As a member of the committee, I think good bill here. The purpose of my ques­ service performed by a star-route con­ that what I wanted to get away from as tion was to clarify the situation that has tractor that his contract will be extended far as possible, even more than the arisen in the southern districts to which for an additional term of 4 years. Many gentleman, perhaps, was cutthroat com-. this bill refer's. of the star-route contractors are old in petitive bidding. I think it is no more Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. May I the service, and it is not contemplated sound to have cutthroat competitive say to the gentleman that the members that they will be in the service many bidding for star routes than it would of our committee have labored long on more years, and when they give up their be to have such bidding for mail routes this proposition. We have·given it much service, their routes will go back to open in the city of Washington or in Corpus study. We have ·tried-to be fair to both competitive bidding. Christi or in any other place. The im­ the star-route contractors and to the Mr. COOLEY. I do not know that 1 portant thing is to have a sound, useful Government. ·This bill does not satisfy object to the bill, but I did want to point star route service. We cannot have that the star-route contractors altogether. out the fact that it is a possibility that if men are carrying mail on these routes They wan~ to be blanketed into the Civil for a few years in the future competitive on a cutthroat basis, where they are Service and become Government em­ bidding will become a thing of the past, losing money by the day, complaining ployees. We just did not feel that we · because it will be a negotiation between constantly to the Department, and try­ could go that far, but we did feel that the contractor and the Department. ing either to get out of their contracts where a contractor has rendered faithful Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is or forfeit their bonds or negotiate service, the Postmaster General should true on certain routes. I agree with the through their Congressmen for higher have the authority to extend his contract gentleman from North Carolina. pay. As for myself, I think that the fur­ for another 4-year term and free that Mr. DOUGHTON. If the gentleman ther we get away from this unsound· contractor from the evils of cutthroat will yield further, leaving out of consid­ business of cutthroat bidding the better bidding. eration for the moment tlie present con­ off the service in the United States will Mr. LYLE. Mr. Chairman, will the tractors ·..vho have not submitted new be. gentleman yield? ,bids and do not desire to carry the mail Mr. MURRAY of Tenness-ee. I agree Mr. MURRAy· of Tennessee. - I yield. any longer, the present contracts in the thoroughly with the · statement of the . Mr. LYLE. Also there is another·point. southern territory expire. on the 30th of gentleman from Texas. In many cases We came to the conclusion that it would this month. Other bids have been sub­ there has developed a vicious cutthroat be perhaps a great harm to the veterans mitted for all the routes. Will they be system of bidding on the star routes. themselves to make it possible for them let under the present law or will the Post­ Take the case of a star-route contractor to be getting $1,500 or $2,000 to carry a master General have the discretion to who has performed· satisfactory service route that would cost them $2,200 or differentiate among those bidders, or will for five contract terms, covering 20 years, $2,600 under the present unbusinesslike he have to take the lowest responsible and his contract is again put up for bid method of bidding. We felt that this bid among the new bidders? · for another 4 years, at the expiration of would do more justice to those veterans Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. The his fifth term. Everybody in the com­ than to throw it completely open. star-route co·ntract in the South may be munity where this star-route contractor Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is extended by the· Postmaster General operates knows what his contract pay correct. You cannot have one yard­ where the contractor has rendered faith- was. Let us say his contract was $2,000 stick for the payment of all star-route . ful service and where the contractor per year for the previous 4-year term . contractors, because there are eight dif­ wants to continue service, but if the con­ Some fellow who is .out_of a job in that ferent types of service performed by the tractor does not want the route any community might say, "Bill Jones, the different start-route contractors. longer or does not · bid, then the bids present star-route contractor,-is getting · Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the that ·have already been ·made an·d are '$2;000- a year-1 am out-of a job and I gentleman yield? now down irr the'Post Office-Department ·want this work. I will take the contract Mr: MURRAY of Tennessee. I yield. 7106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HO.USE JUNE 3 Mr. COOLEY. I would just like to ask Now, we ask you to put a little con- lem.- You will be interested in knowing the gentleman if any veterans• organiza- fidence in the Postmaster General, that that out of 11,000 star routes, 5,000 have tion appeared before the gentleman's he will administer this bill properly, tak­ failed in the last 4 years. ln other committee in opposition to this measure? ing into consideration not only the in- words, there is a casualty list of almost Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. No, sir. terest of the carrier but of the general 50 percent in the contract holders dur­ Certain veterans' organizations indicated public. If he seeks to abuse the power ing the last 4-year period. Every time that it would not meet with their ap- granted in this bill, he can be checked there was a contract failure the Depart­ proval for these star-route contractors to by the Appropriations Committee, and ment had to call for new bids, and that be blanketed into the Civil Service and he is certainly under the gun of the Civil takes time and money. Meantime the not give the veterans a chance to bid Service Committee and can be checked mail service suffers to the patrons on the when the star route contracts came up by that committee. So you have nothing route. So by this method we hope to for competitive bidding. to fear. We ask you to put a little con- eliminate the failures and defaults on Mr. COOLEY. That provision is not fidence in the committee, which studied star routes. Furthermore, it is pointed in the bill before us at the present time; this bill, which consists of only three or out in the report and as you will notice is that correct? four paragraphs, and which found there in the bill, that the ch'mge in the con­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. That is was no objection from any quarter. tract, the increase or decrease in the correct. As I have stated previously, I would like to see this bill passed by compensation must be agreeable to the this legislation has the unanimous sup- a unanimous vote, because the bill present contractor; in other words, any port of the committee. It is satisfactory ought to be enacted into law by this proposals or suggestions made by the to the Post Office Department. It is un- House and the Senate and signed by the Postmaster General or the Department objectionable to the star-route co:.:.trac- President before this session closes. must be agreeable to the contract holder. tors. Mr. Frank E. Russell, representa- This is a good bill. There is no use ask­ If he is not satisfied he does not have to tive of the star-route contractors, ap- ing a lot of questions.about it. No ques­ continue the contract or accept it. If peared before th3 subc_pmmittee con- tion can be asked about this bill but what the Postmaster General offers to give him sidering this bill, and said that it was can .be satisfactorily explained to an 1m­ an increase that ·he thinks is not suffi­ unobjectionable. It was not all that he partial mind. I hope the House will cient he does not have to continue the wanted, but he certainly would like to pass this bill by unanimous vote. · I contract. At the present time he has see it passed on account of the time ele- assure the gentleman from North Caro­ the privilege of giving up the contract ment involved. Your committee feels Una [Mr. CooLEY] that the interests of and he will have that right under this that this is a meritorious and deserving the American Legion, Veterans of For­ bill. Where conditions change, the cost piece of legislation. We trust ther~ will eign Wars, and various organizations, of cars goes up, the cost of livinE; goes up, be no opposition to it. does not obtain as to this bill, but they or the route is extended, or more--mail is Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 would have an interest if you put them carried, he has the opportunity and the minutes to the gentleman from Illinois under civil service and attempted to right to ask for readjustment of his con­ [Mr. VURSELL]. blanket those 11,000 people into civil tract so he can make a profit or at least Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Chairman, this service without giving the veterans a a living and break even or better as they star-route problem has been before the chance. But there is no objection, as have not been able to do in so many cases members of the Post Office Committee far as any veterans' organization is in recent years . . Pass this bill and the and the Civil Service Committee for the concerned. Post Office Department will be able to past 7 or 8 years. Eleven thousand men For your further information, I think operate its star route service more eco­ would like to come under civil ·service. it is fair to say that probably 50 or 60 nomically and more efficiently and with­ -The Senate voted to put them under civil percent of the star route carriers are out injustice to veterans of the First and service and sent. us a ·bill which would poor old World War I veterans, who, be­ Second World Wars who now hold con­ cost some $15,000,000. cause of age, probably could hardly make tracts but who all too frequently in the The facts are that the type of service, a living in other walks of life. Many past have round themselves losing the starting probably with a Ford automobile of them are making a good living on star contract because of a bid $5 or $10 lower and finishing up with a man on horse- routes and they are entitled to be pro­ each 4 years. Then they find themselves back, and then, when he cannot go any tected from present cut-throat contracts. left with a lot of expensive equipment farther with the horse, he goes through This is a veteran's bill, because it helps on their hands for which they have no the mountains down in Kentucky and to protect the decent rights of these use. · I can tell you about hundreds of Tennessee on foot seems to make it im- Werld War I veterans, who are now ren­ cases where contract holders have lost practicable to put these men under civil dering faithful service to this Govern­ 'their contracts because of a slightly lower service. The Postmaster General says ment. This legislation will help most all bid by someone else after having held the administration of the bill under civil star route carriers, and in part will. do the contract for 20 or 25 years. They service would be next to impossible. justice to these faithful public servants. lost their contracts because of the vicious We must put a little faith in the Post- • The CHAffiMAN. The time of the system of competitive bidding practiced master General. We have a Postmaster gentleman from Illinois [Mr. VURSELL] over the past years. That is the sys­ General who has come up from the has expired. tem we want to eliminate and that is ranks. He insists he· can and will fairly Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 what we do to a great extent in this legis- deal with the employees and the Govern- minutes to the gentleman from Minne­ lation. · ment. We ought to try to get rid of this sota [Mr. HAGEN]. Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Chairman, will the problem and pass this legislation that Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Chairman, I intra­ gentleman yield? will be fair to everyone, and in order to duced a bill somewhat similar to others Mr. HAGEN. I yield. continue this service and give the best that have been introduced on this prob­ Mr. BISHOP. I wish to call the com­ possible service to' the patrons, we must lem as long ago as 6 years. I have been mittee's attention to a case down my put a little trust in the Postmaster a member of this committee, with the way where a local boy, one of my con­ General. We questioned him about this gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Mun­ stituents, lost a contract because he was bill to be certain that there would be no RAY] for 6 years. As he has told you, underbid 50 cents. The Department gave politics in these appointments, and, we we have often considered star-route leg­ the contract to a new bidder, because the have confidence that it Will be good for islation, but until this year we were not new bidder underbid the contractor by 50 the Government and give the greatest able to get together on a satisfactory cents. This man was left with more than equity to these employees of the Gov- solution. I believe that this is a satis­ $8,000 of equipment on his ·hands, equip­ ernment as well. factory solution to the problem, but if ment for which he had no use and which The star-route carriers preferred to be it is not just what we expect it to be, he could not sell to the new bidder. It brought under civil service, yet they have we dm change it in a year or two. was a great loss to him. I think the agreed to this bill because they feel sure However, this proposal should be problem raised by this bill should be given it will improve their present position. given a fair trial. The committee was every CQnSideration. This bill should be enacted into law be- unanimous in reporting the measure to Mr. HAGEN. It is just cases of that fore this session of Congress closes. help solve this Yery bad star-route prob- kind that we are trying to eliminate and • 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7107 correct and that is one good reason why ten in some portion or left out· in some 'changed conditions occurring during the the committee 1 reported out this legis­ portion. Perhaps it is a fortunate thing contract term which could not reasonably lation unanimously. have been anticipated at the· time of making I do not write all of the legislation here. his original proposal or executing his bond The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. Chairman, I hope the committee :for a renewed contract as provided herein." gentleman from Minnesota has expired. will give full approval to this measure. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the genA Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gen­ the committee amendment. tleman from Texas [Mr. LYLE]. tleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON]. The committee amendment was agreed Mr. LYLE. Mr. Chairman, you might Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, a num­ to. say this to your constituents, that in no ber of years ago I introduced a bill in the The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the other instance that I have seen since I interest of the star-route carriers of the Committee rises. have been in Congress has a committee Nation. These carriers represent a Accordingly the Committee rose; and been able to work out a bill more nearly small group, but they are entitled to the Speaker having resumed the chair, to the satisfaction of the Government justice. There is no doubt but that they Mr. STEFAN, Chairman of the Committee and the people involved than the Com­ are the forgotten men of the postal serv­ of the Whole House on the State of the mittee on the Post Office and Civil Serv­ ice. However, throughout the years the Union, reported that that Committee, ice in this star-route legislation. Members of Congress who were advised having had under consideration the bill There is a great deal of confusion as on the subject have sought legislation (S. 263) to provide for the carrying of to what star routes are. I think I spent to remedy a bad situation, but somehow mail on star routes, and for other pur­ 2 years on the committee before I ever or other it has not been possible to poses, pursuant to House Resolution 623, was able fully to inform myself on what secure action up to now. he reported the bill back to the House . a star route is. I highly commend . to I want to commend this committee with an amendment adopted by the the Members of this House the various and its members, the gentleman from Committee of the Whole. hearings that have been held so that they Tennessee [Mr. MURRAY], the gentleman The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the too may understand fully the difliculties from Texas [Mr. LYLE], the gentleman previous question is ordered. that arose in working out a measure of from Kansas [Mr. REES], the gentleman The question is on the amendment. this nature. from Minnesota [Mr. HAGEN], the gentle­ The amendment was agreed to. There are two things involved in a bill man from Illinois [Mr. VURSELL], and The SPEAKER. The question is on of this character: First, satisfactory the other members who are responsible the third reading of the bill. service to the Government of the United for presenting this bill for a small group The bill was ordered to be read a third States; second, satisfactory treatment to of people who have long waited for some time and was read the third time. the people who serve the Government of measure of justice to be meted out to The SPE.AKER. The question is on the United States. We sincerely believe them. It may well be that this bill is not the passage of the bill. that this measure will serve both the perfect, but it will enable the House and The bill was passed. country and those who carry the star Senate to work out the most favorable Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ routes. solution that can be agreed upon at this mous consent that all Members who so Considerable thought was given to the time and will be the basis perhaps for desire may extend their remarks in the proposition of blanketing all of these legislation in the future. I know that RECORD at the close of the discussion on people into the civil service. It has some these people who l1ave waited so long for the bill just passed. merit. Perhaps it has a great deal of legislation on this subject, the star route The SPEAKER.. Is there objection to . merit. However, it is· startling to con­ carriers and their families, will be highly the request of the gentleman from template the confusion that would arise appreciative of the action of their Con­ Kansas? in the department if you attemi?ted to gress in taking up and passing the pend­ There was no objection. do that. Secondly, it would cost a great ing legislation at the present busy mo­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE deal more money than I believe this ment of this important session of the Congress. Again, I want to congratu­ By unanimous consent

Mr. DONDERO. The House should be it ts necessary.to proceed with much dis~ Nome for all services and facilities not gratified for the valuable information patch, but this is indeed a very important provided for directly at the posts. Nome which the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. matter. I visited the airport at Nome, cannot move, for land further back from CRAWFORD] has presented to it, after in fact I traveled by air over practically the beach is absolutely unsuitable for having been there personally and ob- all of Alaska, and I feel perhaps it might building projects. serving it. · be well if I speak briefly on this subject. The reason for asking for immediate Mr. Chairman, I now yield to the gen­ Those of you who have not been to consideration of this bill is because the tleman from Tennessee [Mr. DAVIS]. Ala~ka I feel cannot appreciate the construction season is so short. Unless Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Chair­ necessity of the air facilities. We have we get a prompt appropriation we are man, I yield such time as he may desire an immense territory there. It is our going to have to postpone the job an­ to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. outpost which is most important to the other 12 months. It may then be too PICKETT]. defense of the Pacific Coast as well as all late to meet the actual necessities of the Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, every­ of the United States, and without ade­ situation. · thing that the chairman of the Public quate air facilities we would be handi­ Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, will Works Committee has said about this capped in our defense. From a little the gentleman .yield? proposal is absolutely correct. He has north of Nome it is only 40 miles across Mr. MUHLENBERG. I yield. stated it fairly and I think clearly. to Russian territory. This airport is the Mr. ANGELL. The gentleman men­ There is but little that can be added to only one on the northern frontier there tioned the Federal building. As I recall his statement. for almost .a thousand miles. Mr. Eu­ its cost was in the neighborhood of Perhaps it might be worth while to gene M. Zuckert, Assistant Secretary of $600,000. note that the Army air field installation the United States Air Force;who is par­ Mr. MUHLENBERG. I thank the near Nome, Alaska, cost approximately ticularly interested jn maintaining the gentleman for the correction. $10,000,000. During the course of the air base there, testified before our com­ Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will last war there was continually main­ mittee. I read briefly from a letter he the gentleman yield? tained at that airport a large Military wrote: Mr. MUHLENBERG. I yield. Establishment, both of air personnel and Nome, Alaska, is considered an important Mr. MCGREGOR. I .am sure we all ground troops, as well as those engaged station in the chain of installations con­ recognize the great ability of the gentle­ in the service of supply. The only means templated for the defense of Alaska. This man who is speal{ing an4 know of his ar­ of supplying the personnel and the nec­ station, which has limited facilities, is the chitectural and engineering work. I am essary equipment at that airfield was the only Air Force base in over 1,000 miles of wondering if he would state in his opin­ use of air transportation itself, or by sea. coast line on the Bering Sea from which ion whether or not this is definitely a Impractical it is, of course, to supply a operations may be conducted. In addition part of our defense picture. to air operations, it ~s proposed to use Nome base of that size with the number of per­ in our radar and long-range warning system Mr. MUHLENBERG. Yes; I am ready sonnel required to be there, if it should in Alaska. to state that flatly and in no uncertain ever be necessary to have a large person­ terms. In my opiruon, after investiga­ nel there again, by air. On the other In my judgment it is most essential tion of both Army and Air Force plans, hand, it is becoming increasingly costly that we maintain this air base. Without this job is absolutely necessary, not only and increasingly more difficult to supply the facilities which are provided in Nome, for the immediate Army training situa-· by sea those persons who must man that Alaska, it will be ·impossible to maintain tion at Nome, but for proper training airfield, if we must again maintain a the air base unless the Government at its of personnel in winter operations: also large establishment at that point. own expense installs facilities itself. as has, been testified, it fits in with long­ In addition to that, there are several This will cost infinitely more than the range plans for national defense. hundred persons who live at Nome, Alas­ work provided for under this bill which The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ka, and the action of the waters that beat is $1,835,000. I certainly commend this gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ upon the coast having been changed by bill to your careful consideration. · pired. the erection of the jetties which Chair- . Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, there man DoNDERO referred to, has time and yield 2 minutes to the gentleman .from are no further requests for time. again necessitated the actual moving of Pennsylvania [Mr. MUHLENBERG]. The Clerk read as follows: buildings constructed by the inhabit­ Mr. MUHLENBERG. Mr. Chairman, Be it enacted,' etc., That the following ants of Nome, from the water's edge a I cannot add much to what has been said work of improvement is hereby adopted and little farther inland to prevent their regarding the necessity for this bill for authorized, to be prosecuted under the direc­ being engulfed by the action of the water. almost all has been said that should have tion of the Secretary of the Army and super· There is absolutely no question about the vision of the Chief of Engineers, the cost been said, but I do want to bring out a thereof to be paid from appropriations here­ need of this project from a national de­ couple of points that I believe have not after made for improvement of rivers and fense standpoint. There is little doubt yet been presented. harbors: · · of its great desirability and virtue from Not only is this operation necessary Nome Harbor, Alaska, in accordance with the standpoint of aiding the people who from the standpoint of national defense, the plan presented in the report of the must live at Nome, for whatever reason as has been testified, but it also provides Chief of Engineers, dated March 8, 1948, and they must live there. So, Mr. Chairman, for the only practical.way of getting raw subject to the conditions set forth in said from our side of the aisle, we endorse this materials into Nome from which the report. proposition wholeheartedly and submit Army installations can be built. Unless The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the it to· the Congress for its favorable con­ the harbor can be protected there is no Committee rises. sideration. safe way in for bulky supplies, which ob­ Accorcjingly the Committee rose; and Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will viously cannot come in by air. Further the Speaker having resumed the chair, the gentleman yield? than that, it also protects a very large Mr. HESELTON, Chairman of the Commit­ Mr. PICKETT. I yield. investment of the Government itself. It tee of the Whole House on the State of Mr. McGREGOR. As a majority has not been brought out yet, but we the Union, reported that that Commit­ member of the committee I certainly have a Federal building there that I tee, having had under consideration the · want to recognize the splendid coopera­ believe cost some $200,000 which ac­ bill (H. R. 6228) to provide for the con·· tion the gentleman from Texas [Mr. tually, unless we do this beach protection struction of shore protection work at PICKETT] and the gentleman from Ten­ work, is going to be washed away and be the town of Nome, Alaska, pursuant to nessee [Mr. DAVIS] have given on this a total loss to the United States Gov­ House Resolution 621, he reported the· legislation. ernment. · bill back to the House. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The job is necessary, as has been testi­ The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the gentleman from Texas has expired. fied, from the standpoint of national de· previous question is ordered. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I yield fense. It is necessary not only to the The question is on the engrossment 5 minutes to the gentleman fr0m Oregon people of Nome who, without this work, and third reading of the bill. [Mr. ANGELL']. will have their holdings washed away by The bill was ordered to be engrossed ·Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, I know erosion, but also to the many Army in­ and read a third time and was read the - we are operating under forced time and stallations nearby who must depend on third time. 7110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 The SPEAKER. The question is on to the bill and continue nDt to exceed one Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I shall the passage of the bill. hour, to be equally divided and controlled by later yield 30 minutes to the gentleman the chairman and ranking minority mem­ The bill was passed. ber of the Committee on Public Works, the -from Tennessee [Mr. DAVISJ. A motion to reconsider was laid on bill shall be read for amendment under the Mr. Chairman, I yield 7 minutes to the the table. 5-minute rule. It shall be in order to con­ gentleman from Ohio· [Mr. McGREGOR], Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask sider without the intervention of any point chairman of the subcommittee of the unanimous consent for the immediate of order the substitu.te committee amend­ Committee on Public Buildings and consideration of the bill

ing law, these temporary dwellings wm Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I thank Mr. ANGELL. As .t member of the have to be removed as of Ju'ne 30, 1949. the gentleman very much. Do I correctly subcommittee, I think there is a great This bill H. R. 5710 has to do only with understand that the Senate has passed deal of merit in this bill, particularly be­ the dwellings on university and college a similar bill? cause it protects the colleges where they campuses, but we have al) amendment Mr. McGREGOR. The Senate has not have these tempor.ary structures and which will be submitted as a committee passed .a bill. I may say that the other protects the veterans who are largely oc­ amendment which will extend the time body I think is waiting to see what dis­ cupant~ of these structures. Unless some so that none of these dwellings need be position is made of this bill. This has such procedure is followed as is embodied removed until J anuary 1950, I believe. been somewhat an agreed bill between the in this bill, these insti-~utions will not If I am wrong, I yield to my chairman Federal agency in power and the other have authority to rr..ake repairs to pre­ for correction. body, as well as the House. I think the serve these h:.1ilding~. Mr. DONDERO. That is correct as to other body is waiting until we pass this Mr. McGREGOR. I am glad that my the date. I may say this amendment bill, and we are hopeful it will concur in colleague from Oregon brought that was requested by the Housing Adminis­ our recommendation and pass this bill point out, because these buildings have tration in order to give them ample time as amended at once. arrived at the point where they definite­ to submit to the committee in the next Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I compli­ ly need repairs. The exorbitant costs Congress such facts as may be necessary ment the gentleman, as chairman of the which would be incurred under Federal to provide a basis for legislation to dis­ subcommittee, and also the committee, control are beyond the smount that we pose of these temporary houses owned by for this legistation. It is going to help might derive from them. municipalities. a great · number of educational institu­ Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. McGREGOR. I appreciate the tions. gentleman yield? statement of the chairman of the Com­ Mr. McGREGOR. I thank the gen­ Mr. McGREGOR. I yield. mittee on Public Works. tleman from Wisconsin. And I certainly Mr. SNYDER. I compliment the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gen­ acknowledge his interest as he has con­ chairman of the subcommittee as well as tleman is aware, I think, that I intro­ tacted me many times on this legislation. the members of the committee for bring­ duced a bill to make it possible for this This whole program is simply a matter ing out this legislation. It is certainly housing to be continued by resolution of of taking into consideration the fact very much in order, and there is a great the municipalities where it is located, that 95 to 97 percent of the units con­ need for it. and which would have removed the time structed on the college and university Mr. McGREGOR. I thank the gentle­ limit entirely. I, of course, recognize campuses are temporary structures. We man for his contribution, and I do cppre­ that the proposed amendment, which might consider that they were expend­ ciate his interest. May I add that very would permit the housing to be continued able during the war emergency. We shortly our distinguished chairman of until January 1, 1950, is an improvement might say they have served their pur­ the full committee will offer an amend­ over the present law, because if this pose. They were moved on to these col­ ment whereby we are extending what housing had to be removed today it woUld lege and university campuses. Now, might be termed in laymen's language simply put a lot of people out on the under the existing law they are under the removal time of the tempo.. :ary street. In some of the communities in Federal control, and they have really dwellings so that the time limit will be my district where this temporary hous­ served their purpose. Their mainte­ January 1, 1950. Under-existing law, all ing exists, what we call temporary hous­ nance cost is far in excess, if I may say temporary buildings have to be removed ing is much better than a great deal of so, of the revenue that we are going to by June 30, 1949. But under the pro­ the housing in which people are com­ get from them, at least in the very near posed amendment, we are extending the pelled to live under present conditions. future. If under existing law we are time to 1950. I hope the committee will Mr. McGREGOR. I appreciate the compelled to remove them as of June agree tc the amendment. I feel that this consideration and the interest shown by 30, 1948, their value then will be prac­ legislation is a definite step in getting the the gentleman, because he has contacted tically nothing. So there was a con­ Federal Government out o! the housing me a number of times relative to the ex­ sensus of opinions, of the author of the business, and will give private capital and tension of the law so that the temporary bill and the members of the subcom­ private ownership a chance to operate houses would not be removed. As I know mittee, as well as of the members of the without Government interference and he is vitally interested in a definite hous­ full committee, that by giving them to Government competition. ing program. these universities and colleges they might Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ get some value from them. They then myself such time as I may require. man, will the gentleman yield? will be able to use them and in turn give Mr. Chairman, reduced to its simplest Mr. McGREGOR. I yield to the gen­ to the veterans who are occupying them terms, this. bill simply provides that tleman from Wisconsin. as temporary dwellings a lower rental whereas under the Lanham Act, during Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I wonder because a Federal overhead cost is not the course of the last war, a large num­ if the gentleman would explain section involved. ber of temporary housing units were 505, with reference to the buildings that Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the constructed in various parts of the United are now on college sites, and that have gentleman yield? States. Under the authority of that act, been in the past used by ex-servicemen Mr. McGREGOR. I yield to my dis­ as well as amendments, certain of these while they were attending college. This tinguished colleague from Ohio. temporary housing units were disman­ section i:S found on page 3, line 21, and Mr. BREHM. I congratulate my col­ tled and transferred to colleges and reads, "Upon the filing of a request league for his foresight in introducing universities in various sections of the therefor as herein provided, the Adminis­ this legislation. Being a contractor and country, and there re-erected on the trator shall relinquish and transfer, with­ builder himself, I know that the legisla­ college campuses for the use of vet­ out monetary consideration, to any edu­ tion is sound. The folks in his district erans for living quarters while in attend­ cational institution all contractual rights should be proud to have such a far-see­ ance at these educational institutions. ing businessman in Congress represent­ There is provisions in the Lanham Act and all property right, title, and interest ing the:r:n. of the United States" in that property. that these temporary structures must be Mr. McGREGOR. I thank my dis­ torn down not later than July 1, 1949. Mr. McGREGOR. That is simply upon tinguished colleague, who has himself Yet these temporary structures on the a definite written request by the Board made a successful mark in private life, college campuses have further utility for of Governors, the Board of Trustees, or as well as established himself as a sound several years if properly cared for and the _governing body of the university to and capable legislator, which has been maintained for the purpose they are now the Federal . Works Agency, stating that recognized by his constituency. being used, which is for the housing of they have the authority and they are re­ Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, will the veterans. Under the law as it now exists, questing the outright ownership in 120 gentleman yield? these structures must be torn down by days, that the Federal Government with­ Mr. McGREGOR. I yield to the gen­ July 1,1949, and they will have no practi­ out monetary consideration give to that tleman from Oregon, a member of the cal utility for any purpose and particu­ university or that college the outright subcommittee and chairman of the Sub­ larly will they have no value when it ownership of that unit. committee on Rivers and Harbors. comes to the dispol?ition 9f them. I.t 7112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 is estimated that many ·or those units am in favor of this bill, notwithstanding obtain any place to live. They are seek­ would have such a small salvage value the it is a gift to these colleges and universi­ ing and pleading that something be done cost of tearing them down woUld exceed ties, which really goes into the millions. to enable them to obtain suitable homes. the value as salvage. Therefore, to fol­ That was the original cost of these Notwithstanding the fact that the low the terms of existing law which would houses. -other body has already acted on the require the dismantling of these tempo­ Mr. McGREGOR. I am sure the gen­ Taft-Ellender-Wagner bill, I am still rary . units on college campuses by the tleman wants to be fair. Will he yield at ·waiting, hoping, and urging that this date of expiration under existing law, that point? · House will take action to relieve the mil­ would be but to destroy very usable Mr. SABA TH. Just let me finish, lions who are in real distress and have houses. This bill simply proposes to give please. no place to hang their hats. I want to the colleges and universities on whose But what I w~ted to know is this: to know how much longer you are go­ campuses these structures now exist the Why shou1d :r..ot the small, poor munici­ ing to delay action on that bill which title that the Government has in those palities and counties that have been ac­ will do much greater good to a much units. corded the same privilege by the Govern­ greater number than the bill tbat is now Mr. McGREGOR. Will the gentleman ment and who put up some of these tem­ before us. Yield? porary structures there--why Me they Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, Mr. PICKETT. I yield. not entitled to the same privilege and the will the gentleman· yield? Mr. McGREGOR. At this point, as same right and the same opportunities Mr. SABATH. I yield. chairman of the subcommittee, I want· to as the universities· and colleges, most of Mr. McGREGOR. I may call the gen­ recognize the splendid efforts and en­ which are endowed? tleman's attention to the fact that for deavors and support which the gentle­ Mr. McGREGOR. If the gentleman 16 years his party has had control of man from Texas [Mr. PICKETT], as well will yield, I will be glad to answer his housing. I am glad to have the dis­ as all the other members on the minority question. tinguished gentleman recognize the fact side, have given to us on this legislation. Mr. SABATH. They are in much bet­ that the housing situation is deplorable. Mr. PICKETT. May I thank the gen­ ter position than many of these small We on our side in cooperation with the tleman from Ohio, both for myself and municipalities, which could utilize them gentleman on his side are endeavoring for my colleagues. to advantage to house ex-servicemen to iron out the difficulties. Mr. DONDERO. Will the gentleman and many of the people who really are Mr. SABATH. If you Republicans had yield? in need of them. not forced the repeal of the housing ma­ Mr. PICKETT. I yield. Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will terial priorities and your Banking and Mr. DONDERO. As chairman of the the gentleman yield? Currency Committee had not filibustered committee, I wish to endorse everything Mr. SABATH. I yield. on the Taft-Ellender-Wagner bill, hun­ the gentleman from Ohio has just said, Mr. McGREGOR. I may say in reply . dreds of thousands of homes could have and much more if I could. to the distinguished gentleman from Illi­ been built at a cost within the financial Mr. PICKETT. I thank the gentle­ nois who is the ranking minority member reach of the ex-setvicemen and peoples man. of the Committee on Rules, that I do rec­ in the low-income class. The removal of The other provision of this bill which •ognize the fact that he voted for this rule. priorities on materials and the 2% years' will be offered ·as a committee amend­ As to the matter of why municipalities delay in action of the Taft-Ellender­ ment, simply extends the time for the about which he asks were not included Wagner bill, for which you Republicans -tearing down of the temporary housing, I may say that all the heads of the Armed are responsible, has enabled the real­ wherever it may exist in towns and Services appeared before the Committee .estate lobby operators and contractors municipalities and otherwise, for one ad­ on Public Works of which the gentleman to construct homes costing $12,000, $15,- ditional year, in order to give this Con­ from Michigan [Mr. DoNDERO] is chair­ 000, $18,000, and $20,000, which are only gress ample opportunity to dispose of the man, ~nd requested of us to strike from available to the high-salaried official and various conflicting questions and contin­ the bill that paragraph which had to do persons in the higher-income group. gencies that will arise when we· consider with political subdivisions or municipal­ The blame for the failure to provide de­ legislation on the subject. ities because of the seeming emergency cent low-cost homes to our deserving ex­ Mr. Chairman, at this time I yield 5 that may confront us, and that they servicemen and citizens in the lower­ minutes to the gentleman from Illinois might need these temporary unit::;. For wage class is yours, not ours. [Mr. SABATHJ. that reason we struck from the bill the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, I fully municipal and political subdivisions sec­ gentleman from Illinois has expired. appreciate that these dwellings are tions and only left_ in the college and Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I yield needed. There is a great shortage of university clause. such time as he may desire to the gentle­ dwellings throughout the United States. Mr. SABATH. And I exceedingly re­ man from Texas [M·r. TEAGUE]. This bill will give to the colleges and uni­ gret that they were stricken from the bill Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Chairman, I rise versities about 139,000 units which because I still believe that many of these . in support of H. R. 5710 which will af­ . brought to the Government a revenue of poor municipalities and some commu­ ford our educational institutions an op­ about $5,000,000 a year. Sa. it is really nities are in just as great need as these portunity to acquire housing projects a gift to those universities and colleges ·universities and colleges. which have been constructed with the as­ in that amount. Mr. MUHLENBERG. Mr. Chairman, sistance of the Government. Many of Mr. McGREGOR. . Mr. Chairman, will will the gentleman yield? these dwelling units have been erected the gentleman yield at that point? Mr. SABATH. Just a minute. for the use of veterans and other stu- Mr. SABATH. Yes. I fully appreciate that some of these . dents attending colleges and these proj­ Mr. McGREGOR.. The gentleman units need to be reconstructed and re­ ects have made it possible to adequately says it is a gift of $5,000,000 to these col­ paired; consequently, I am indeed in fa­ house these students and their families. leges arid universities. I wonder if the vor of this legislation with the exception These educational institutions have distinguished gentleman from Illinois that I have made. had a substantial financial interest in will tell the committee what the expendi­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the these ·projects by furnishing the land, ture of the Federal Government will be gentleman from Illinois has expired. utilities,• and other necessary items. I on the maintenance of these particular Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I yield believe. it is only proper that the Govern- units? the gentleman one additional minute. . ment should now make it possible to Mr. SABATH. Well, I do not know Mr. SABATH. This to some extent transfer without cost to the educational what it would cost the Government, but will help the veterans to remain in the institution all the buildings erected by it applies to properties and land where houses who are now in attendance at the Government for student housing. the housing is on college or university colleges and universities, even though Many colleges in Texas have benefited grounds. I hope that those universities the houses are poorly constructed. At by the housing program of the Public and colleges do not hold up the Govern­ least they will have some place to live. Housing Administration and these edu­ ment to any great amount for furnishing But there are thousands of veterans not cational institutions will continue to put them much-needed housing facilities. as fortunate as those in the colleges and the ho1.1sing units to good use for many Personally, I have only one objection. I universities who have been unable to years in the future. I have observed the 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7113 good results of the student housing pro­ thereto) shall cease to apply to any tempo­ Page 7, line 16, substitute "24" for "21" af­ gram at the Agricultural and Mechani­ ·rary housing to which rights are relinquished ter the word "May." or transferred under this section 505 if (and Add the following new sect ion: cal College of Texas, College Station, only if) the request therefor is supported "SEc. 4. Section 313 of the act entitled 'An Tex., where so many veterans have re­ by a resolution of the governing body of the act to expedite the provision of housing in turned to complete their education. municipality or county having jurisdiction connection with national defense, and for These extra family dwelling units have in the area specifically approving the waiver other p'lrrposes,' approved October 14, 1940, as made it possible for many men to finish of the requirement s of said section 313. The amended, is hereby amended by striking out their schooling who otherwise would not Administrator shall act as proDJ.ptly as prac­ the following words in the second sentence: have had the opportunity. ticable on any request which complies with '2 years after the President declares that the the provisions of this section 505 and is fully emergency declared by him on September 8, Mr. Chairman, · hundreds of colleges supported as herein required. 1939, has ceased to exist' and inserting in and thousands of students will continue " (c) In filling vacancies in any housing lieu thereof 'January 1, 1950'." to reap the benefits of having adequate for which rights are relinquished or trans­ housing accommodations if the transfer ferred under subsection (a) of this section, Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I ask of these units is made possible by the en­ . preference shall be given to veterans of World unanimous consent that the amendments be considered en bloc. actm~nt of H. R. 5710. The Navarro War II or servicemen, who are students nt County Junior College at Corsicana, the educational institution, and their fam­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Hillsboro Junior College, and Westmin­ ilies: Provided, That the educational insti­ to the request of the gentleman from tution shall be deemed to comply with this Michigan? ster College at Tehuacana, Tex., have subsection (c) if it makes available to vet­ several family and trailer units being uti­ erans of World War II or servicemen and There was no objection. lized by their students. I urge that the their families accommodations in any hous­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Members favorably consider H. R. 5710. ing of the institution equal in number to the amendments offered by the gentle­ Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I have the accommodations in the housing for man from Michigan. no further requ'ests for time. which such rights are relinquished or trans- Tlae amendments were agreed to. ferred." ~ · The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, there SEc. 2. (a) Any Federal agency (including the committee amendment as amended. are no further requests for time on this any wholly owned Government corporation) The amendment was agreed to. side. administering utility installations connected to a utility system for housing under t.he The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Committee rises. Clerk will read the committee substi­ jurisdiction of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator is authorized- Accordingly the Committee rose; and tute. ( 1) to continue to provide utilities and the Speaker ha·ving resumed the chair, The Clerk read as follows: ut111ty services to such housing as long as it Mr. ELsToN, .Chairman of the Committee Be it enacted, etc., That the act entitled is under the jurisdiction of the Adminis­ of the Whole House on the State of the "An act to expedite the provision of hqusing tr.ator; Union, reported that that Committee; in connection with national defense, and for (2) to contract with the purchasers or other purposes," approved October 14, 1940, transferees of such housing to continue the having had under consideration the bill as amended, is amended by adding at the ·end utility connection with such installations ·(H. R. 5710) to amend the act entitled thereof the following new section 505 : . and furnish such utilities and services as "An act to expedite the provision of· "SEc .. 505. (a) Upon the filing of a request may be available and needed in connection housing in connection with national de­ therefor as ·. herein provided, the Adminis­ with such housing, for such period of time fense, and for other purposes," approved trator shall relinquish and transfer, without (not exceeding the period of Federal ad­ October 14, 1940, as amended, pursuant monetary consideration, to any educational ministration of such installations) and sub­ to House Resolution 622, he reported institution all contractual rights (including ject to such terms (including the payment of the right to revenues and other proceeds) the pro rata cost of the Government or the the bill back to the House with an amend­ and all property right, title, and interest of market value of the uti11ties and services ment adopted by the Committee of the the United States in and with respect to any furnished, whichever is greater) as may be Whole. temporary housing located on land owned determined by the head of the agency; The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the py such institution, or controlled by it and (3) to dispose of such- installations, when previous question is ordered. not he~d by the U_nited States: Provided-, That excess to the needs of the agency, and where The questi'on is on the amendment. any net revenues or other proceeds from such not excess to grant an option to purchase, The amendment was agreed to. housing to whicll the United States is en­ to the purchasers or transferees of such titled shall not cease, by virture of this sec­ housing, for an amount not less than the ap­ The SPEAKER. The question is on tion 505, to accrue to the United States until praised value of ·the installations and upon the engrossment and third reading of the the end of the month in which the rights, such terms and conditions as the head of the bill. title, and interest with respect to such hous­ agency shall establish. The bill was ordered to- be engrossed ing are relinquished and transferred. here­ (b) Any Federal agency (including any and read a third time and was read the under, and the obligation of the transferee wholly owned G0vermnent . corpm·ation~ hav­ third time. to pay such accrued amounts shall not be ing under its jurisdiction lands across which The SPEAKER. The question· is on affected by this sect,ion: And provided fur­ run any part of a utility system for housing the passage of the bill. ther, That this shall not be deemed to re­ under the jurisdiction of the Administra­ quire a transfer to an educational institution tor is authorized to grant to the Adminis­ The bill was passed. which has no contractual or other interest trator, or to the purchr,sers or transferees A motion to reconsider was laid on the in the housing or the land on which it is lo­ of ·such housing, easements (which may be tab1e. cated except that of a lessor. As used in this perpetual) on such land for utility purposes. EXTENSION OF REMARKS section, the term 'temporary housing' shall SEc. 3. Section 4 of the act entitled "An include any housing (including. trailers and. Mr. SABATH asked and was given per_­ act to expedite the provision of housing in mission. to extend his remarks in thti other mobile or portable housip.g) con:, connection with n, a~ie:aal defense,, and ,for, structed, acquired, O.r macie available under other purposes," approved October 14, 1940, RECORD and include a ·speech he nia-de· this title V, and includes any structur~s. :>.p· . as amended,' is hereby amended by striking yesterday at the statue of former Justice purtenances, and other property, real or per­ out the period at the end thereof and add­ of the Supreme Court John Marshall. sonal, acquired for or held· in connection ing the following: ":Provided further, That, Mr. PRICE of Illinois' asked and was therewith. for the purposes of this section, housing given permission to extend his remarlts "(b) The filing of a request under this sec­ constructed or acquired under the provisions in the RECORD in two instances, in one tion ' must be made within 120 days of. the of Public Law 781, Seventy':'sixth Congress, to include the text of · Pope Pius XII's date of enactment of the section and shall approved September 9, 1940, or Public Laws address to cardinals and in the other to be authorized by the board of trustees or 9, 73 1 or· 353, Seventy-seventh Congre~s, ap­ other governing body of the institution mak­ proved respectively, March 1, 1941, May 21, include a telegram. ing the request. Such request shall be ac­ 1941, and December 17, 1941, shall be deemed H. R. 6794 companied by an opinion of the chief law to be housing constructed or acquired under this act." Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask officer or legal counsel o! the institution unanimous consent that the Committee making the request to the effect that it has I legal authority to make the request, to ac­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, offer on the Judiciary may have until mid­ cept the transfer of and operate any prop­ the following committee amendments. night tonight to. file a report on the bill erty involved, and to perform its obligations The Clerk read as follows: H. R. 6794. under this . seetion. The- provisiqns of sec­ · Committee• amendments offered by Mr. . The SPEAKER - Is there_objection to t.lon_ 313 .of this .. act (and the contractual DONDERO: ' ~ ' ~ the . request of the .gentleman frcmi Penn- Qbligations of ·the educational institution .: Page 6, lil,le 16, substitute the word "to" sylvania? , to ·the Federal Government with respect for the word "of." There was no objection. '7114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 3 SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR privileged resolution